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Nova Scotia,

Commissioner of Public Records Selections from the Public Documents
of the Province of Nova Scotia.

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C . Annan)}

1869

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Halifax, N.S.

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ALAt MIpROFILM II0R16

)ks, manuscripts, records, naps, periodicals

[

"1^ i^

SELECTIONS

t.4l4^

VBOH THE

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS

OF THB

PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA.

ptTBUSHED UNDER A RESOLUTION OF THB HOUSE OF ABSEMBLY
PASSED MARCH IS, 1865.

BBITBD BT

THOMAS B. AKINS, P. C. L.,

COI«I»tn>»»» 0» PBM-IO MCOW».

THE TBANBLATI0H8 ApM THE FRENCH BT BEKJ. CURBEN, D.C.L.

HALXFAX, N. S.,
CHABI.B8 ANHAHD, PUBLISHER.

-^fiouiM B. Atktn., c»mmi«*«Mr «f «-
epdU ioK Nonk 8«ot», dM t»4U;. m :

t .^MsaaSBEi^^:

PREFACE.

The Bouse o( Assembly of Nova Scotia, on the 30th April,
1857, on the motion of the Honorable Joseph Howe, adopted
the following resolution :

" That His Excellency the Governor be respectfully requests
^' ed to cause the ancient recor^lind documents illustrative
" of the history and progress ofCsociety in this province, to
^ *' be examined, preserved and arranged, either " for reference
" or publication, as the legislature may hereafter determine,
*' and that this house will provide for the same."

In the following year the Lieutenant Governor was author-
ized by the Assembly to " procure from the state paper office,
" in England, as recommended in the report of the Commis-
^' sioner of Records, copies of any dispatches or documents
" that may be found necessary to complete our files." In
1859, 4th April, by another vote of the house, he was em-
powered to procure from the government of Canada, copies
of such papers in the archives of Quebec as related to the
early history of Acadia.

In 1864 the work )vas so &r advanced that upwards of 200
volumes of manuscripts had been selected, arranged, catalogued
and bound, — comprehending copious selections from the colo-
nial documents in the state paper office in London, and from
those at Quebec, orginally obtained from the archives of
Paris.

In 1865 the Assembly referred the annual report of th*
Commissioner of Records to the Honorable S. L. Shannon,
J. Bonrinot, and A. G. Archibald. This committee recom-
mended the publication of a " volume of public documents
"to be selected by the Commissioner of Records, provided
"the selections be contained in a single octavo volume of

PREFACB.

"moderate size," and "that such publication be proceeded

" with without delay." This report was adopted by the house

•on the 15th March. 1865.

In preparing this volume, I have selected, as tbfe portions of

our archives which possess the greatest historicalvalue :— the
documents relating to the Acadian French inhabitants and their
removal from Nova Scotia,— to the encroachments of the French
authorities of Canada on the territories of Nova Scotia,— tO'
the siege of Fort Beau«ejour in 1755, and the war on this

.continent, which terminated in the downfall of the French
power in America,— the papers connected with the settlement
of Halifax in 1749, and the first British colonization of the
provincey-and, lastly, the official correspondence preparatory
to the estabUshment of a Bepresentative Government, m the

year 1758. ^ „ ., ^.

The expulsion of the French Acadians from Nova Scotia
iis an important event in the history of British America, and
has lately derived peculiar interest from the frequent re-
ference made to it by modern writers. Although much has
been written on the subject, yet, until lately, it has under-
gone little actual investigation, and in consequence, the neces-
sity for their removal Hs not been clearly perceived, and the
motives which led to its enforcement have been often misun-
derstood. I have, therefore, .carefuUy selected aU documents
in possession of the governjn^nt of this province that could
in any way throw Ught pn the history and conduct of the
French inhabitants of .lj;ova Scotia, from their first coming
under British rule, until their final removal from the country.
The exact spelling of original letters and^papers has been
preserved as far as possible. , , . > u^

I have appended a few biographical notes which may be

^°Ther^lre yet many documents of value Wld interest among
our archivps worthy of publication.

T. B. A.

JUIVAIiTl 1860.

•**"'**I!"*l*Wf»plW«

PAPERS

KKLATISO TO THK

ACADIAN FRENCH

1714-1755.

PRKFACB.

" moderate size," and " that such publication be proceeded

" with withont delay." This report was adopted by the house

-on the 15th March. 1865.

In preparing this volume, I have selected, as the portions of

our archives which possess the greatest historicalvalne :— the
documents relating to the Acadian French inhabitants and their
removal from Nova Scotia,— to the encroachments of the French
authorities of Canada on the territories of Nova Scotia,— to
the siege of Fort Beausejour in 1755, and the war on this
continent, which terminated in ths downfall of the French
power in America,— the papers connected with the settlement
of Halifax in 1749, and the' first British colonization of the
province,— and, lastly, the official correspondence preparatory
to the establjishment of a Bepresentative Government, in the

year 1758.

The expulsion of the French Acadiana from Nova Scotia
is an important event in the history of British America, and
has lately derived peculiar interest from the frequent re-
ference made to it by modern writers. Although much has
been writt^ on the subject, yet, until lately, it has. under-
gone little actual inve^tigation, and in consequence, the neces-
sity for their removal has not been clearly perceived, and the
motives which led to its enforcement have been often misun-
derstood. I have, therefore, carefully selected all documents
in possessiQU of the governnj^nt of this province that could
in any way throw light qu, the history and conduct of the
French inhabitants of ^ova Scotia, from their first coming^
under Britieh rule, until their final removal from the country.
The exact speUing of original letters and papers has been
preserved as far as possible.
I have appended a few biographical notes which may be

found useful. , . ^ .

There are yet many documents of value apd interest among

our archives worthy of publication.

i T. B. A.

Jajtoabt, 1869. ' '

i-;

PAPERS

RELATraa TO THB

ACADIAN FRENCH

^ -.1-

1714- 1755.

NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

Instructions for Mr. Peter C«i'<>*>^.f'''CL;Lt S

Thomas BiUton, to proclaim Hvs Majesty King

Oeorge. att ue several ports of Mines, Shckenedo,

[^'OP^-1 Blver St. Johns, Pasmacody, Penonscot, m the

VoUony of Nova Scotia or VAccadie.

ofX'lvemt^nd,.accorAgly,thattheB^^^^^^^^
all Yo snood posBiblo to tho ond, an acct. th'5.'^?°\™% ""
Jeturuoithem. You aro heroby '^'^^''/.^J- ,7't>,? S
rnVilfiHlil to nrocoad on tho sa d service, tho charge ot wmcn

Bubi.ct.tdU mo.t Wcml M,i..ty, Oo.rg., Kmg ol OMt

"toirAo take »r. .nd inf.™ y, ..If., .. j" 'l"»« l;'"!';
h„; ve Inh.bit.1,1. .tand air.ct.d to y. "Wb-W Oov.mtt. , yo
mWnB.t th.ire tr.do and Uie R.»»;n. why ""J',?,'; "»' *'

S 8 GarrLn, which you are to send soe soon as possible by
the speediest and most convenient opportunity.

MOV*. BCOTIA DOCUMBNTB.

year of Hia Majeltie's Reign.

/w« n/- a Letter from Mom. de Pontcluirtrain, Miniiter
Copy of a LM^ from^^.^^ ^ ^^^^^ D'lberville.

(From . tin.Udon In the Bute Paper Office, London. )

NOVEMBEK 7th, 1714.
Monsieur Soufas, Commissary,^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^.^^^j^

Uea Cape Brif e)^^^^^^^^^^^^ }as Utje; of^^^X

to reUn with* mge.«. J »po^^^^^^^^^

been referred W Ite Cm" "';?°°": . j^j cattle, of

otTran.portiDS.d"""'? "^ff ' rei'r efeotrLid of receiving

-SiS^iris-,«SE"n2.''^K
^Kitv^^riffs^Hi's Eri^ -.Tit

Majesty.

ACADIAN FBENCH. ' •

(lopy 0/ Letter from Lord Toumshend to the Board of Trade.

Whitehall, 15th Novr., 1714.

Mt Lords and Gentlemen,-- Pontchartrain

The Enclosed Copy of a ^ f *'?™ "he KiuR, It is His
to M. d'Ibcrville, hav.ng ^tl^ ^^er the conLfA thereof,
Majesty's pleasure, you «1^°7\'">'^'''*X,V proper to bo done
and report your opinion, ^v hat may ^e P^pcj ^^^^^^

therein; Whereupon His Majesty will gl^
directions. , , i am,

. . Mv Lords and Gentlemen, ^

Your most humble^berva^n^^^^^

The Board of Trade. ^

I London, Novr. 24th, 1714.

My LonDS,^ ~^ Lordships Queries, delivered to me

In answer to Your Liorasmpa ^ , instant, my

by Mr. Secretary Popple, upon the 23d of this , y

most humble opinion is as lo lows : j^i^^i^itants in the

As to the number of f^™>>-^ °4..* .^"bv the best account I
countrys of L'Accady f.^-^J^^^^^^^t^ttee years and more I had
ever could get during tbe space ol thre° yea ^^ ^^ ^^^^^

whiXakes two thou^d five hund^-edsou^^^ ^.^^

As to the next how ™*">; "^EeeShey ha.I obliged
remove; by the l^st .advice from thencMn j ^^^^

{ro^eirAtntnd t"e M^ SoSy both of which had

liv'd in New England fo™erly- ^ Cape

As to the 3d Querie, how W Jf^^^^K. But accord-

. Breton is what I can t P'^^t^;';^'^ t° i^'^^ °Sy a/e said to be now
ingtothe best advices, I could earn they a ^^^.^^^ ^

about five hundred familysl^e^ides the ua ,^^^

: : consider, consists of 7 '^"^X lace^gives them eighteen
^ ir^SS^d^f^tf th^ .1 Bhips. and salt, to

carry on the Fishery :

Which IS very coi
number of Inhabi
a very populous
Country's consists])
of the French, wlii
perfectly known ij
and understand t\\
and service than
come from Europ^

NOVl SCOTIA DOCtJKENTS.

As to the 4th wthat may be the consequence of the French
moving from Nov)a Scotia to Cape Bretton; They are evi-
dently these, Firstj their leaving that country intirely desti-
tute of inhabitant: There being none but French, and In-
dians (excepting t|ie Garrison) settled in those parts ; and as
they have intermaj-ried, with the Indians, by which and their
being of one Relfgion, they have a mighty influence upon
them. So it is ndt to be doubted, but they will carry along
with them to t!apd Bretton both the Indians and their trade,
siderable. And as the accession of such a
nts to Cape Bretton, will make it at once
olony ; (in which the strength of all the
So it is to^be considered, that one hundred
were born upon that continent, and are
the woods ; can march upon snow shoes;
e use of Birch Canoes are of more value
ve times their number of raw men, newly

_ So their skill in the Fishery, as well as

the cultivating of] the soil, must inevjtably make that Island,
by such an accession of people, and French, at once the
most powerful coljony, the French have in America, Arid of
the greatest danger and damage to all the British Colcmy's as
well as the universal trade of Great Britain. *****
As to tl»e next question, which relates to the time of the
French's removing from Nova Scotia, with their effects : I am
informed, several pf them, who have no very great substance,
are already removed thither, this summer ; and that the rest
design to do so pext summer, as soon as their harvest is
over; and grain gbt in ; As to the number of cattle, they may
carry away, (if peirmitted) and what will be the consequences
of the same, I hat^e been informed when upon the place, that
there may be abput five thousand black Cattle, besides a
great number of iSheep, and Hoggs, in all that country, the
greater part of kll which, no doubt they will carry off if
permitted. j

The consequeiices of which are evidently these : First,
It will Intirely slrip that Colony, of the above cattle of all
sorts, and reduce lit to its primitive state ; To replenish which
at the same rate [(it now is from New England the nearest
Colony to it, whfch is one hundred and ten leagues) at a
moderate computiition of freight, only for the transportation
of such a numljer of Black Cattle, and a proportionable
number of Sheepl and Hoggs, will cost above Forty thousand
pounds ; besides the long time, it will require to stock that
country. #""''■'

ACADIAN FRENCH. ' •

»= tr, ihe, last Ouerie, That comes under my cognizance,

is such encouragement, of land gratis, to sucn as wii

"Suy.twouldb-e a breach of the Pf !'« f^j^drtSo'f
in TT«r Maiestv's Royal instructions, when the Veduction oi
haf; aceialVndert'aken By which the lands ire promised
away to the Captors, for their encouragement ^^^ je^uce tne
same. Nor is there any article in the treatv rff P^^^f ' ^f {
entitles the French to any ^^^^Vr^^fZ^^^^S^^l.
am of opbion that by the treaij , ma j. ic

inhabitants have offered to goe, hart 15,^7 ?°' g. j^ the

importuned but threatened by thej'-en^fteers m
French Kings name, to be treated ^\^^f ^^^f^^^.e^^^ is
remove Which how far that is consistent ^ith t°^^^^' ';
wUh the foregoing particulars most humbly submitte J^ Your
Lordships consummate W^^dom V ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^,.^^

Your Lordships most humbly
_, ' Devoted Servant

To , ,

The Right Honorable

The^Lords of Trade, &c.

Lt. Oovr. Caulfidd to Secretary of State.
(Govrs. Lett. Book.)

Annapous Royal, May ye 3rd, 1715.
^"''Thope by this time that mine of the 24th of Dembr. last

NOTA SCOTIA DOCUUENTB.

the Oaths, having as I am informed refused to quit this
coUony iutirely and to sett ell under ye french Govrmt. and I
humblie desirq to be informed how I shall behave to them ;
The unhappy circumstances of this place obliges mo to
acquaint you that if some other methoas bo not taken than
what lately have been, it will be impossible for this place to
subsist the ensuing winter. The french who always main-
tained this Gat-rison with corn are most of them quitting the
CoUony, especially att Mines* the only grain plantation, So
that in all probability we have noe prospect on their side,
And as I am 1 intirely destitute of any farther Credite at
Boston in Newi England, occasioned -by Genl. Nicholson, which
may at this tinje prove detrimental to his Majesty's Service —
having alwaysj endeavored upon my own creditt to serve ye
Garrison to tM utmost of my power, for I doe assure you that
I have complyW with Genii. Nicholson's orders in all respects.
Inclosed is thp Commisserys return of quantity and sort of
provitions and to what time each specie will bring the Gar-
rison. I am now otjliged to send a vessel to ye Gov'ment of
New England to sollicite for provitions, therefore beg you
will not take jtt amiss that I apprise you of the difficulties
wee labour unfler, that in case (which God forbid) any misfor-
tune should hajppen I may not suffer, I am

Sir
with all respect
Yr most obedt. humble
Servant

JTHOS. CAULPIELD.
To ye Sectry. bf State,

Jam^s Stanhope, &c,

}■

Lt. Oovr. CiuXJidd to Board of Trade and PlatUationa.
(Oov«. Lett. BooV.)
Annapolis Royall, Novr. ye 1st, 1715.

Mt Lords, —

I am now tp lay before Your Lopps. my opinion in relation
to ye french Iphabitants of this Collony, wch. if they continue
in this countijy, will be of great consequence for ye better
improvement thereof; for as you will observe their numbers
are considerable and in case they quitt us will still strengthen
j —

* Horton, in Ktags county.

t Thomas Caulfleld was Lt. Governor of the Fort of Annapolia Royal, under
General NichoUoa, from 17U to 1717.

AOAOUN FRENCH.

our enemies when occasion -ves, by so^^^^^^^^^^^^

me^y not expect much be°«fi" from them, > « .^^^.^^ ^^^

process of time may ^\^lll^^^ell\ni people among them,
Uereas there are several well meanmgpep b^^^ ^^

We may always guard o""f ^,f^^7Xays^ observed since my
able, if willing, to do us. j.^fl^^^^XM^ when occasion

comeing here their foiL^^'^^f "l„t° Sts were sent over,
offered And if some Engfh Inhabitants wer ^^^^^^^^.

especially industrious labourers terr and P« ^^ ^^-^

penters and smiths it 7"l<i, ^;„?/„f ^^ shall never be able

Llony ; but in case ^^ ^^^^^M^^ ^^^^^.^ffr^^ ye insults of
to maiutaine or protect our bngisn larn^ ^ ^^^^^

ye Indians, ye worst of ^n.^^^^J'^^^ fo, hei' own sakes.

ijaying will in a £-;~^ ^rJf cStell they have at this
tour Lopps will «J° ^y >;;^'°„ ,,ith due encouragement.jjo
time, that in two or three years »iu ourselves. Tfo

„ay'be furnished wiO. eveo^^^bi^g -^^-^P^bles, ttaj.
Indians of Pennobscott, ^t; f "j"' ' furrs and feathers, who
chiefly on ye several c°*f J''^'j,i !'"bliges them and ye
never come here but when necessitj "Oiig ;^j^ ^^e

reasons they assign are that l.ere >«J?o; ^ J ^, there*is
here for them, as was in ye tune ot Y^J'^^ ' j^ ^^i^g i„

■ Tiow at Cape Breton, ^^^' •• /. Seve w mdd prove a great
Hll their peltery to us and I believe ^^J P^^,j .^ief
advantage, both in respect "^ ^^^f^^^^^ kindly using of
TOeansXbring th«™ over o our Interest, > y ^^^^^^^^^

thepiron wch. foundation * »f '^ ^"f/^^i^ereby to ye Crown in
^Uat advantages would accrue ^h^^^^^^^^^^^ ^ransmitt Your
• particular and country in generau^^^ ^^^^^ ^f

Lopps y«- fPV St John« wrote by their Priests and trans-
Pennobscott, and bt. Johns, 'w ruio j » ♦ »

lated ill English with my ansxv^cr to >c.aine . ^^.^^^ ^^
lam now to info^ J'our Lopp^ that «pon y ^^^^.^^^
General Nicholson our late Govt, n f^^^^^^^^^^^^ his

several letters from ^^^'^^..^Itte Garrison and Country
request of my opinion relatmg to je.^uan^ ^ ^
wch. I punctually answered ^^^^^ g^r-

At his arrival here the follovyng Augt. ^^^

risen of his favour and Interest tho at ye ^ ^.^ ^^^^^

our pay att Home 'i^-^^^^H^^^^^^ quit yi country

obliged some of 7^, f ^(^^^.^^ against those that remained

l»cLfd thel ii^i-t^orr^h^^
• BiTcr St- John.

NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

subsist that \^ inter by them or perish; for by ye methods he
took when he! returned to Boston left us intirely unprovided
in all respectsj.

My Lords \^ere I to relate the means and methods he took
when here, itt would be too troublesome, there never having
been anything proposed by him for either the service of
country or Gf^rrison, but a continued Scene of unpresidented
methods takeji to ruine Mr. Vetch or any other person who
interposed onithat head.

I must owtt 'tis with ye greatest reluctancy immaginable
that I am obliged to acquaint your Ijopps. of ye frequent mis-
behaviour of Capt. Armstrong of this (Jarrison towards several
inhabitants hQre and by my next shall transmitt jjour Lopps.
the several complaints in behalf of ye said inhabitants.

I shall endefivour from time to time to transmitt your Lopps.
the best accofints I may be able to procure relating to this
Province and as well their proceedings at Cape Breton and
am with great respect

My Lords Your Lordships
most obedient

most obliged ^
humble Servt.

T. CAULFIELD.
To the Honrb

the Lord4 Comrs. of Trade Ac.

Lt. Govr. lauljield to Board of Trade and Plantations.
(Gorernor'a Letter Book.)

My Loeds, —

* *

Annapolis Royal, May ye. 16th, 1716.
* # * * »

The Island of St. Johns which the ffrench of this Collony
seemed to like in case they were obliged to quit us, is intirely
abandoned bj those inhabitants who went there out of this
Governmt.

I reed, a letter from ye People of Minis of their resolution
to continue in this Governmt. and are making all preparations
for emprovenent, as formerly, and they seem impatient to
hear what is c etermined on their behalfs.

I cannot omitt informing Your Lordshipps that there are
no Courts of Judicature here established to decide any
dispute that may happen amongst the Inhabitants wch. I
formerly endeavored to accommodate to the satisfaction of

«♦. »

ACABIAS FBENCH.

both party's, untiU Genl. Nicholson* when here ordered that
imight exhibit my commission, that authorised me to do
JuTtke in Civil Affairs, to wh. 1 answered that as I had ye
Honor to command in ye absence of ye Governor I should
Swavs endeavor to cultivate as good an understand ng
amongVye people as possible believing the same essent.a
for Wf Ma^tie^s Service, and tho' I had no Comn. ^r that effect
Yett I held mvself blamable to suffer Injus ice to be done
before me without taking notice thereof havmg never mter-
^oVpd farther than by ye. consent of both partys and I
Cblie desTre Your Lr'dshipps will direct some thing on

that head. * ^ * , , . * , , ^^

Your Lordships most obdt.

most humble and obliged bervt.

TH03. CAULFIELD.

To ve Rt. Honble. the Lords Comrs. )
" of Trade and Plantations. j

U. Govr. Caul/eld to Secretary of War.
(GoTenior'8 Letter Book.)

Xbr. 24, 1716.

Rt. Honble. Sr.
* ♦ *

is to ve. number of the ffrench Inhabitants,
they are in ye. 'sevl. parts of_the_Colonie^^

^:^;;~ri^lsonwas the^ British Governor ^ Nov. Sco.U He
received theappni^ntmentfL.eut.Gov^^^^^^^^^

Andros, in tlie year 1688. Ua was uoverii i transferred to the

year fallowing !;'■ governor of V.rg ma In 1692 h^was^^ ^ Governor-io-
government <>t Maryland, and m Ib.tSsent ""^^ '" ;' L „„„. He wa» in
?;hief,at which time he held ^>- /""^^ whie ^ncXed"^ L^ke Cha
command of the eiiped.Hon ??«'"^\Canada, winch encap ^^ ^^^^^^^

plain in the year 1700, and "ft'^^^^^rCurned to Bos?onTn the following ye«.
of the failure of that etjterpnze. "^/f '"'"^^ 'i",,"" °^ Port Royal (now
and was appointed to the command of ''« '^^''P;'i''^°^^»^f ,hat post to him by
Annapolis K,.yal), wluch terminated ^" *" »""'^^fo His forces consisted
Subercase, the French conimander, on ^"^ Uctr_, i uu. England, under

chiefly of four regiments of provincial troops ra..e<tmi^ fe^^^ ^

Cols. Hobby. Whiting, and Walters. He 'f "f"?"'" "° jj^ again proceeded-
of Port Uo/al, leaving a g""Son .her. under Co -Vca^^
to England to urge on Government the necessity o Iroquois

Canadl He carried with ^ ™ «" '^.s oceasmn fi^e ch.et, ot^^^^^^ ^^4

Nations, who were presented to QX?pfn,inated so disastrously in the loss of
Uon against Canada in l'\l' '''''''^'"X River St Lawrenie, and had the
Admiral Walker's fleet at the mot^th of the «^'" ^^^^ destined to attack
command of the forces then collected at Lake ^^orge, u ^^^^

So"ntrcal simultaneously with '^-o- -^;4«-«„tan/^^^^^^^^ "*

up the River against Quebec. He >'eV*'"*„tnt flpneral
the BriUsh force, in America, and a Lieutenant General.

NOVA SCOTIA DOCUiaSNTS.

best information: about 900 or 1000 able men, of which having
upon ye. receipt of ye. letter, again summoned those of this
place to take ye. oaths*, and declare theire sentiments and
dispositions to jiis majties Governmt, I herewth send you
theire answers tio me on yt. head, and shall enquire as soon
as ye. season of ye. Year will permitt into ye. dispositions of
those in ye. remoter parts. And at present presume to inform
you that my sentiment of them is very much altered from my
former believe yj. they are all of One opinion and that from
theire trifling ai^gumtt there is but little dependence on their
friendship, tho', at the same time I am persuaded it will be
wth. reluctancy ihey leave the Countryjjnoat of those who had
formerly gone befng again returned, but for ye. bettor improve-
ment of ye. couijtry English Inhabitants are absolutely neces-
sary. * I * * * * #

bt. Honble Sir
I Yr. most Obdt.

To ye. Rt. Honble. )

Secretary ojf War. )

Servt,
T.

CAULFIELD.

Lieut. Cfiwernor Doucette to Secretary of State.

iiy

Sib,—

Soon after
the l^t month,
had never own"
nent of Nova Scotia

(Got. Lett. Book.)

Annapolis Royal Novr. ye 5, 1717.

arrival hero which was on the 28 th day of
[ was informed that the French Inhabitants
his Majesty as Possessor of this his conti-
and L'Acadie.f

General Nicholson appears to have possessed much influence with the In-
dians of the Five Nalions, with whom he had frequent intercourse during the ,
frontier wars. His Indian name was Annadagarriax. General Nicholson con-
tinued to bold the po^t uf Governor aid Commander-in-Chief of Nova Scotia
from 20th Octr , 17t|, to August, 1717, when he was succeeded by Governor
Fbilipps. He revisited Nova -Scotia in 1714, hut did not reniain long in the
country. In his absence the command devolved on Colsr Hobny, Vetch, and
Mr. Caulfield, successively as Lt. Governors of the Fort. — N. S. Documents j
N. York Col. Doc., fols. 5 and 9; Mttrd..chyN. S., vol. 1; Garneau's Hist.
Canada, 2d vol.

* Sec Govr. Mascafene's letter to Govr. Shirley, 6th April, 1748.

t By the fifth arlicU of the capitulation of Port Royal to General Nicholson ir.
1710, it was di'clared (hat "the inhabitants within a cannon shot of Port Royal
'•should remain upoji their estates, with iheir corn, cattle, and furniture, dur-
" ing two years, in c^se they should not Be desirous to go before — they taking
" the oaths of allegii^nce and fidelity to her sacred Majesty of Great Britain."
This was declared bf the General to extend three English miles around the
fort. Queen Anne's; letter of 1718 extended the right to all the inhabitants of
Acadia without limitation of time.

XOAPIAM FBENCH.

t therefore sent a summons to the people that were in this
J^tb^tdtojueo^^^^

than lose the profitt they make in the fashing season, ana^i
do vervlv believe all would become sub ects to His Majesty
do vei^.y'J f "^\L p.ieats that are amongst them, who have,
were it not tor the ^"^sis t Soldiers have been

imuviy I J „i„„es ao that with submission bir, it oraera

that the country auuui. p, n ,„o^ia be again improved

necessarys as wee do at present.

Your honors
Most obedient and most
. humble servant to command^^^^

nOVA SCOTIA D0CUHENT8.

.ACADIAN FRENCH.

Copy of the Declaration sent to the French Acadiana for Sigrut'
ture, inclosed in the foregoing Letter to the Secretary of
State and War,

r
Wee the french Ijnhabitanta whose names are under written
now dwelling in Abnapolia Ro}'al and the adjacent parts of
Nova Scotia or Labadie formerly subjects to the late french
King who by the P^ce concluded att Utrecht did by 'articles
therein deliver up! the whole country of Nova Scotia and
Lacadie to the lata Queen of Great Britain, wee doe hereby
for the aforesaid reja,son and for the protection of us and our
Familys that shall rieside in Annapolis Royall or the adjacent
parts of Nova Scotia or Lacadie, now in possession of his most
sacred Majesty George, by the Grace of God King of Great
Britain, and doe declare that we acknowledge him to be the
Sole King of the sajid Country and of Nova Scotia and Lacadie
and all the Islands depending thereon and we likewise doe
declare and most sc^lemnly swear before God to own him as
our Sovereign Kini and to obey him as his true and Lawful!
subjects in Witnesp whereof we sett our hands in the Pre-

Ihat year his name apfeara on the Council Booka under that of Lawrence
Armstrong, then appointed Lt. Governor of the Province. The last meeting
of the Council which he attended was on the 10th Novemher following.

* The 12th article of the treaty, made at (Jtrecht between Anne, the Queen
of Great Britain, and Louis the lith, King ot France, is as follows :

'• Tlie most Clinstian King sliall cause to be delivered to tlie Queen of Great

iBritain, on the same d^y on which the ratifications of this treaty shall be

• exchanged, solemn an(^ authentic letters or instruments, by virtue whereof
it shall appear that the; island of St. Christopher is to be possessed hureafter
by Britisii subject? onlj'; likewise that all Nova Scotia or Acadie, compre-
hended within its ancient boundaries; as also the city of Port Royal, now
called Annapolis Royal, and all other things in these parts which depend on
the said lands and Islands, together with the dominion, property and posses-
tion of the said i^landel, lands and places, and all right whatever by treaties,
or any other waj^ attained, which the most Christian King, tlid Crown of
France, or any the subjects thereof, have hitherto had to the said islands,
lands and places, and tjo the inhabitants of the same, are yielded and made
over to the Queen of Gxeat Britain, an3 to her crown for ever; as the most
christian King doth now yield and make over all the said premises, and that in
such ample manner and /orm that the subjects of the most christian King shall
hereafter be excluded' from all kind of fishing in the seas, bays, and other
places on the coasts of Nova Scotia, that is to say, on those coasts which lie
towards the East, within thirty leagues, beginning from the island commonly

■ called Sable, inclusively, and thence stretching along towards the South
West.' j

14th Article. — " It is expressly provided that in all the said places and colo-
nies to be yielded and restored by the most Christian King in pursuance of thi»
treaty, the subjects of the said King may have liberty to remove themselves,
within a year to any other place, as they sliall think St, together with all their

ictirable effects. But tliose who are willing to remsTn there, and to be subset

.«ice of Jol- Doucett his M^esty's ^^^^l^^^^^^l^lt'^Z
polls Royal this day oi »" J

Lord 1717.

iJopv of the answerte the ahove D^laration, sent to the Secre-

^^ '' taa-yoj State.

[Translated from the French.]

We the undersigned inhabitants of Acadie, according to the
orders whkl the Lieutenant Governor has been pleased to
cause to be published on the -part of King George v^ that
WP have fully to declare ourselves regarding the oath of
fidelitTwhi^h is demanded of us in the sa.d orders humbly
entrSt Mr John Doucette our Governor, to be pleased to
consider, that we constitute but a small number of the mh.bx-

^W'e therefore respectfully request him to assemble the
deouties of the other colonies of Miuas, Beaubassm and Cobe-
Sv^th ourselves, in order that we may answer the demau^a
that have been made on us, as we are instructed that they aie
now made for the last time.

Great Briuin do allow the same.' Uaich, Old style.)

Treaty signed 11 April 1713. "^

LETTIB OF QUEEN AMNE. •

Xstand well beloved, we greet yo-f^i.^XVrmp'HlmeTo'^^
the mos^t christian King, hath, at our des.ret^leas^dftjjm^^^p^ ^^^^^^^^^
board his galleys, such of h" /"bjec's as were Qe« ^^^^ ^^^_^

their professing the Protestant '^^'l'?";, ^11,^ we take his compliance
mark of our favour towards J'' '"^l to si^ lur will .nd pleasure to
therein, have therefore thought fit hereby to »^K" r ^, tenements in the
you, that ySu permit such of tt""" »» »»^W°yfoundia„d, that have been or
places under our government m ^f »^'« ^"'J.fi^yoTp^^^^ to

are to be yielded to us by virtue of t^i'l^'T'f,"^^ lands and tenements
continue our subjects, to r^ajn and ^"""y ^"J,;ro„^„bject. do or may

srs\^h:frrarresupY£»

LTu t:;^lr^%^^^o^ Uin^to. .h. ^ day of
JunJ, 1713, and in the lath year of our reign.

By her majesty's command, ^gj^^^^ DABTMOtTTH.

foundland in America.

16 SOTA SCOTIA DOCtTMEHtSf.

For the present, we can only answer, that we shall be ready
to carry into ejffbct the demand proposed to ns, as soon as his
Majesty shall Jiave done us the ^vor of providing some mean»
of sheltering ijs from the savage tribes, who are always ready
to do all kinds of mischief, proofs of which have been afforded
on many occasions since the peace, they having killed and
robbed several persons, as well English as French. Wherefore
we pray his Ejxcellency to consider this, and to represent to
his Majesty thp condition in which we are.

That unless we are protected from these savages, we cannot
take the oath demanded of us without exposing ourselves to
have our throats cut in our houses at any time, which they
have already threatened to do.

In case othetr means cannot be found, we are ready to take
an oath, that we will take up arms neither against his Britannic
Majesty, nor against France, nor against any of their subjects
or allies.

Such, Sir, is the final opinion which the inliabitants take thcr
liberty of preaenting to your Excellency, as they are not abler
to act otherwise at present.

Signed by afl the inhabitants in this neighborhood.

ACADJAN FBBNOa.

OfverrMT PhUipps to Board of Trade.
(Got. Letter Book.)

Boston N England Jan. 3d 1719.
My Lords, —

I am gladd io heare that some of your Lordships have been
at the Court of Prance to settle the aifaires of these Countryes,
which was absolutely necessary for the peace and safety
thereof and cpuld not be managed by better hands : and yet
after all that jfeur Lordships may have done, there will ever
remaine a great obstruction to our happiness, whilst the
Priests and Jesuits are among us : for it is not to be imagined
with what application they incourago the ffrench and Indians
against submitting to his Majesty's Government, and even
their Sermons are constant invectives against the English
Nation, to render it odious to the Natives. Among this Tribe
are Pere Vincent and Felix who distinguish themselves for
most inveterate Enemyes to the Brittish Interest, and precide
in the quallity of Governors over Minas and Chignecto, two
most considerable settlements in Nova Scotia. The people

^av them a willing obedience and are growne so insolent e as
to say they will neither sweare allegiance, nor leave the
Counfry. l^his I can afBrme to your Lodspps. to be the pre-
sent state of these Settlements, how far they may change
?heir sentiments at my. arrival among them is uncertaine I
shall not fail to publish the King's gracious intentions towards
them and endeavour to convince them, they are acting
Sst their own Interest, but the best argument will be^ a
reinforcement of Troops, for they are not ignorant that the
GaSon of Annapolis consisting of but five Compos upon a
Sw EstabUshment will not admit of a considerable detachment
to be sent against them ; and tho' force need not bo made use
of but as the last remedy, it is my humble opinion that 1
should have orders to moVe three Companys forthwith from
P acStia which are not wanted there, the remaining part
Si g suVSt to carry on the small work entended there
. and at the same time the Engineer have direction sent lam t^
rase a fortifycation to contain two Companys, with a few
Cannon in a convenient scitnation for keeping those neigh-
bourTng settlements in obedience for th^y are computei at
above four hundred familys, and tis observed they multiply
exceed ngly, and likely in a few years, to become a numerous
people, and' therefore (with submission^his is^the time to

'I'^m'u'st ttheTacquaint your^Lodsps that the ffrench from
Cape Breton havo\ontinLd their, f^'-/ '^thatl'Thel
Cansoe under a guard of soldiers, intending that tor their
chTf s'ettkment, ff their pretended right could be made out^
It is by all accounts tho best and moat convenient fisherj in
iny part of the King's dominion, the People froni the West^pf.
England l^^^ve found'' great satisfaction in the place, and wiU
return with many ships in the spring.

» « * * *

Your Lordspps

most humble and most

obedt servant

* R. PHILIPPS.

To the Rt Honble the Lords Commissrs for Trade &c.

1661. When a young man he ^ A^la/rWiS HI ) among the troops

-ar;![THofnr.^n^s^^^^^^^^^^^
i^ri^ri^::t%r(L^™rfN^rs:oi^^^^

J ■•

HOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

To the Right HorwraUe the Lord Carterd, Hia Majesty's Prin-
cipal Secy, of State.

The sUijolion and state of His Majesty's province of Nova Scotic.
. is humbly represented.

Upon the ^sthmus which joins the East and West parts of
the ProvincO, and is in breadth in some places Six, and in
others Ten or Twelve Leagues, most of the French inhabi-
tants have their settlements. These are divided into Four
Colonies, in dumber about 500 Families, besides another settle-
ment of 100 families about Annapolis Royal.

The Fort of Annapolis Royal stands upon a river flowing
into the Bay of Fundy from the Eastward, twenty leagues
below the Isthmus, and thirty from Cape Sables bnt has no
communication by land with those settlements tho' not diffi-
cult to be opened when it may be more convenient then at
present. The Garrison there consists of five companies
amounting in the whole to 200 men, exclusive of commissioned
officers. There are (besides the aforementioned French set-
tlement) abotot ten or twelve families of English, who live
together in a email Fauxbourg, under cover of the Fort. * ♦ *
The French who are settled on the Isthmus, and the River
of Annapolis Royal (as before related) are the old inhabitants

Ist, dated 17th August, 1717, wkd afterwards the Government of Placentia, in
Newfoundland. He arrived at Annapolis iji the year 17^0, and returned to
England in 1722. He again visited Nova Scotia, and after inducing the Aca-
dian French of 4nnapoli8 River^to take the oath of allegiance to the British
Govemnient, he finally returned to England ahout 1731, leaving Mr. Doucette
in contmand of (he Fort. From his correspondence with the Government
authorities, and other documents among the archives of the Province, he
appears to have been in the early part of his career a very active and intelli-
gent Governor. During the latter part of hia life, which was spent in England,
he apparently took very little interest in the aSairs of the Province ; and the
regiment quartered at Annapolis and Canso, of which he was colonel, became
at last so destitute of clothing, that his lieutenant colonel, Mr. Armstrong, wai
compelled at his own charge to furnish them with necessary supplies —
(Armstrong's letter to Secretary of State.)

Governor Cornwallis, on his arrival in 1749, found the companies of this
regiment reduced to about thirty men each, and supplies furnished for twenty-
six men only in each company ; and there were but ten or twelve great coaU
in tlie whole corps, which in winter were exchanged by the men on relieving
guard. Cornwallis observes, in his letter to the Secretary of State, that " no
regiment is any service was ever reduced to the condition in which he found
this unfortunate b^talion," and that the General should be censured for Ui
conduct regarding it. Philipps, in his memorial to the Secretary of Stat*
regardiDg the apfointment of a Lt. Qoremor during hi« abtence from th*

AOADIAH FBENCH.

„*w mnltinlied since the surrender of the Province to the
Frown rtttBrS, at which time it was stipulated m
S behalf to have their choice either to remam m the
Province f they would transfer their allegiance or in case of
Province, » "'^J; ,. c ^heir Estates and Effects to the

greatest necessity. * R. PHILIPPS-

)

the service, which he h«V""T*lfn niTto^xchange it for the Govem-
induced at the request of the >»""f;y„iVl TOO per annum, and the colonelcy
mem of Nova Scotia wiU. the «»'»'VLh Vu^o^d in Nova Scotia ; and as an
of the new regiment then lately '«^*V.hat S, a^ent or w™»»'«' ^ad become
excuse for his parsimeny te ™-°^"';^f,\,'"h?S beercompelled to make
a defaulter to the f '«°'.°\?'°3' fn 1731, he recommended Lt. Colonel
good. On his return *",^"8land in uai, ^^^^^^^^e

Irmstrong to be .ppom*=d ^J^XeXli of Armstrong i-- order that no farther
to receive half the salary. On the ^ea"^ "« ^™ ^ «^j ,^^ „fflee of Lt. Gover-

deduction should be made fj°r^ }'''^f^^'J'JJ^^^;„or» ot the Fort should admin-

nor should »ot be connnued, but that Oie L^ Gover^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^

later the Government of the Prownce,wlucn in y^ ^ted to remain in

do without any additional Pay-X„„Tr!overaor until 1749. He was then
England and Jf:"*" 'he whole salary of Governor u Regiment, Ute

succeeded by Governor Comwal is, and **»„P;^^,;^^,, tp the command of
DalxeU's, in exchange for ^at stationed in No^a*c^.w^^^.^^^_j ^^^
which Cornwallis was appointed. Jj*'*. !^^^?„ 1717 p^ jjis from the Au.en-
than 80 years in the Province. J' '!«„^"™;beenii England. Gen. Philipp.

can independent <;°">Pa"'"; »"•* ^'"V „«''»» ^''^ ^'''°'' "^ ^"
died in 1751, at the age of 90 years, "f ^ '."" I^ronet in 1621. Govt.
Philipps, of Pictou C~.Ue. in W-aes who was '^^^^^^f^^^^^^^, ^e Secr|.
PhUipps left one »o°^.^''*"''^J!:Ji'X|. Archives ; Murdoch's Hist. N. 8.

• Mow Prince Edward Island.

At a Counc
in His
the 29th Apri:

NOVA 8COTIA.-B0CDMBNTS,

1 held at the Honble. Lieut. Governor's Ho«8<y
Majesty's Garrison of Annapolis Eoyal upon Friday
1720.

Present

His Excellency the General, The Honble. Lieut. Governor,

Major Laftvrence Armstrong, Major Paul Mascarene, The

Revd. J(|)hn Harrison Esqr., Cyprian Southack Esq.,

Arthur Savage Esq., John Adams Esq., Hibbert Newton*

• Esq., William Skene Esq., William Shirreif I^q., Peter

Boudre (isq.

His Exceliejncy read that part of his instructions relating

to the Frencli] inhabitants of this Province taking their Oaths

to his sacred Majesty King George, and a copy of the former

Oaths and subscriptions of the French inhabitants of this Pro^

vince to Queen Anne at the time the late Sr Charles Hobbey

was Lieut. Gavemor of this Garrison was also read, advised

and ordered.

That His E^ccellency be desired to send up an order to the
French inabit^nts of this river to choose six persons to-repre-
sent the wholej body of the Inhabitants ; and to act in behalf
of the whole ^nd that the said order be drawn up by a com-
mittee of Couticil to be laid before this Board at their next
sitting in order for His Excellency's 'approbation and signing;
that Paul MaMarene, John Harrison, Cyprian Southack, and
Hibbert Newton Esq., be the said Committee.

' R. PHILIPPS.

Advised and olrdered,

That a Cora(mittee be appointed to inspect the papers of
the late Goveijnor Caulfield relating to the French inhabitants,
That the Honl^le Lieut. Governor, Lawrence Amjstrong Esq.,
John Adams Esq., and William Shireff Esq., be the said com-
mittee, and that they lay before this Board at their next
sitting all sudh papers as they shall think for the service ot
this Government, and particularly those relating to the Oaths
of the French inhabitants of this Province formerly taken by

R. PHILIPPS.

any of them.

At a Councfl
in His Maj
the 30th April

held at the Honble. Lieut. Governor's house
^'s garrison of Annapolis Royal upon Saturday
1720 X. M.

* Hibbert Newton was Collector of the Customs at Annapolis and Canso. He
was a native of Massachusetts — the only son of Mr. Thomas Newton who came-
out to America from England in 1688, and was some time Attorney Genera)
and Comptroller of the Customs at Boston. Hibbert Newton was father of Hr,
Henry Newton, Collector at Halifax, and a Member of Council in 1761.

.-'

ACADIAN FRENCH.

Pbebent

Ok Excellency the General, the Honble. Lieut. Governor
^" Ma^r Lawrence -Armstrong Major Paul Mascaren^, The ■

Reid.JohnHarnsonEsq^^^^^^^^

^a^; SneS™- Sh-iMsq, Peter Boudre,Esq.
A report of the Committee appointed to d'-ay, ^ .^"^'jS

ved of.

^taUheiddtrder' be translated into French and sent up

tot they h.J f»»V'',»r",fi:r;,' rSt^klntHerTate

£*^"'tf:'rC'*hicrte;rae£ea .„ ,..a .«d

advised on.

[COPT.] !

To the Inhabitants of Menis and Places Adjacent

I do now hereby send his Majesty my °»^f ^.^^^^"^

think it a duty incumbent upon me t° «^-»'7* "^^^^

to take hol^of tl"^°PP°'•t""£.,°f jX'iance and fidelity
just demands in takemg your Oaths ol ^»l«g™ ij^e..

to his sacred Person, '^'^^er who e Gve«^

tection and friendship. ^

lii.

N07A SCOTIA DOCtJHENTS.

I expect your answer at Annapolis by Father Felix and
four of the ^habitants chosen from amongst you, whome you
may direct t^ represent what you have further to say, and in
. case you shfiU not agree in your choice, I do hereby name
Alexander Bourg, James Leblang, Paul Mallenson and Peter
Brow to be Ijlie persons, and order you to have this Proclama-
tion togethe^r with this letter read publickly, and in the
hearing of as many of the Inhabitants as can be gathered
of Capt: Blin and the rest of the English in

together, am
your parts.

Annapolis

]fcopy,]
To the Inhobitanta of Ohegnecto*.

[The same as above, with tliis paragraph added.]

And to
. the Bearer
Wheat to
being obli
deserve, yov

slew

her

bJB

ge|d

I am your friend ready to serve yqu

RICH'D PHILIPPS.
Royal Apll 28th 1720.

my readyiiess to serve you, have permitted

reof to transport from Mehis, &ce fifty hhds of

sold to you for your subsistence wth:out his

to come back first to this port, and as you shall

shall find further proofs of my kindness.

I am your friend, ready to serve you

R. PHILIPPS.
Annapolisl royal April 28th, 1720.

[cop\.j

To the Inhaintants of the River of Annapolis &c.

Whereas it may be conducive to his Majesty's service,
and the well are of this his Province that the Inhabitants here
may have access from time to time to me, and may by that
freedom, declare their intentions, in relation to his Majrties
good pleasure, in regard to tiiem, signified by my Proclama-
tion dated ^pril, and receive the answers I may give them
from the Ir^tructions I have received from his Majesty, and
whereas it Is difficult for all of them to attend, so often as it
may be reqjiisite : This is to order the people inhabiting this
River, and [country adjacent unto it, to choose Wednesday
next, being ] the fourth of May 1720 N S. from amongst them-
selves six sersons to appear before me, who are to be im-

* CumberUui i.

ACADIAN PBESCH.

powe.'d by ye said InhalutantB. to act in behalf of ^th^ .'hole,

and to transact such ^^t^^'^' *„\'J^" i may depute, and
transacted between me or tb°B^ T^^^^^ \ ^J^ l^ ^^ove
ye said Inhabitants dureing ye J'^r m hand>nd Sealed
Mentioned Proclamat.on--Given ^"der m> hanrt
with my Seal, at Annapolis royal April ^Ot^, U -u^^^^^p^

To the reverend father JustinienDurand.

Chappell '!»".•''■' 7j:,r./.S^^^^^^^^ )S.r P">.^

the same, and it >ou have <"»)'""!' ^pmands you can make
shall be glad to grant any '^^'^°^^^''^i,JX M^/esty's instruc-
me. as farr as I shall \'«/»^*'""4"j/:^oft humW^ servt."
-^ tions. I am, Reverend Father, Yo r mo»t ''"^^jji^liPS.

Annapolis Royal, April 30th,-1720, N. S.

Governor PhiUpps to Father Justinian Durand.
(GoTrs. Letter Book.)

Revd Father,— . , ^^^ y^n had left your

I was very much surprised to 'e'^r ^J'^^^ ^ fo,. it, the

habitation up the River, ^^ithou havemg ^ '*^ ; ^^

character the Lieut, ^o^^™""" K;!'""" jnce he had told me
no room to suspect such a proceeding Bmc ^^^^^

. that^with the quiet l.te you led J "" ^J^^^^^ tion you were,
^ sion to the Government ""'^7. ,.^^' ^-^.^^ J^Trst receiving his
and did never ^^^f "\ ^j^il ^^^^^^^^^^^
orders. I am sure tfiat tli^treatincnt j ^^ ^^^^^^

have received of me has "« S ;^^Jj°^,d ersons, or your
your conduct, and if some ill "^^^""jr' in your mind,
L„ apprehensions, have 1- '^^ S™^,"f ^^St the Inhabit-
which may have caused yo^'^/^'^f'^t'g'Xm being of treating
ants, you may quiet your n?'"'K^> '^f ^^can expect of me,
one k the others with all the '^^W"'''' ^\° ^^ither I nor those
"and in what shall follow, you - ^^^^ "rolence unless the
under my e^^^^f.^^'^J^eretion or disobedience, should
. Inhabitants by their indiscretion o particular,

against my will oblige me to do it. As tor j 0 f

NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

1 Can assure you
have a true value

that notwithstanding your proceeding, I
JS'' your person and character, and that
you may come without fear, & have a free access to me
being ready to sat isfye all the reasonable demands you can
make me, and his Ifajesty lias left in my power to grant
I am, Reverend Father
Your si acere Friend <fe most humble
Annapolis royal, '"'''"* R- PHILIPPS.

2d May 172( a S,

" At a Council hel
His Majesty's

the 4th May 1720.

garri son

at the Honble. Lieut. Governor's house in
of Annapolis Royal upon Wednesday

Present

His Excellency th^ General, the Honble. Lieut. Governor
Major Lawrencjo Armstrong, Major Paul Mascarene, The
Kevd. John Hairison, Esq., Cyprian Soutlmck, Es.i., Arthur

fc^^' «f5-' ^.'^,1'°''* N°^t""' J^«a-' '^Vil'ia'n Skene, Esq.,
William .SIiirref)f, Esq. '

or,^?^ ^'/J'"e.n<;'\r|tPre8'intativo8 (wlio appeared according to
order) of the inhabiiants of this river, being sent for in before
the Louncil, were temanded to shew their power from said
read delnrered in their power in writing which was

Their qualificaticns as freeholders were examined vizt.
1 nident Robichaux, Alexander Robichaux, Nicolas Gautier,
Barnard Goudott, c).ttrles Lan.lro, and Pier Goudet. Nicolas
Gautier not proving!tlmt he was a freeholder of this Province
onlv a transient pera|on was excepted against, likewise PrudeutJ
ttol)iclmux having b<it a slender propriety in the said ProvinoJ
was also excepted adfainst.

Advised and agreed,

That another order
tants of this river fri
two other persons iii
Nicolas Gautier to
of this river with .
Charles Landre, and
rene draw up said
signing.

from

strve

*lfi:

m writing be sent to the French inlmbi-
u His Excellency the General to choose

the room of said Prudent Robichaux and
vo as representatives of the inhabitants
lexander Robichaux, Barnard Goudet,
Pier Goudet. That Major Paul Masca-

order for his Excellency's perusal and

t t

ACADIAN FRENCH.

At a Council held at the Honble. Lieut. Governor's house m
HitMaiesty°s garrison of Annapolis Royal upon Wednesday
the nth May 1720.

Present — [the same members.]

A letter from the French inhabitants of this river to His
TxteUencv the General, dated the 20th Instant N. S. m answer
?o Hi! Fxcellencv'8 order to them to choose two other repre-
fen^ati^BinSof Prudent Robichaux and Nicolas Gautier
who was obiected against was read.

proclamation.

^St'lsV^rTs Majesty's*service riiat means be found out
tosenl to LaHave for ^Monsieur Patipau wth all. expedition
who Uis° thought may be of great use a„d service t th^

fhe most proper person to send on that expedition.

LeH.r of the inkaiUanU o/Aoadie foMrJtJ)^^;'^;2
hi/ nilmae and aasvstance m tne matter oj ""''""* .
'^LftheE.^m genend reguiny them to take the oath of
'allegiance to the kiiuj of Emjland.
— (Trantlntod ftom tho French.)

^ May eth, 1720.

We take the liberty, Sir of writing to you by ^^^^^^^ RovJ. P.

Koyal or Cape Breton about the year 1720. He contm .^ ^.^^ ^
%VZr.:LlC:^t. BrUC. r '.a.tvernor of AoadU U UOO, and
atsumed hit name.

.r\

\:i

NOVA BCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

which you Sir inay give us on thia occasion. The English
general whom Mfe have been expecting for a long time has
arrived. Providfed, as ho has informed us, with full authority
from his prince to compel us to take the oath of allegiance or
leave the countrjy^ within four months, without being allowed
to take away with us any part of our personal jjroperty,
pxcept two sheep, per family,— he claims the rest as the pro-
perty of the king his master. However, in this very pressing
coniuncture, we {have preserved our fidelity to our king, in
declaring anew that we will persist in being faithful to our
prince and to our religion, as you will see by the copy, which
we send you, of j the reply to the proclamation published by
the said general. It is now Sir that we have recourse to the
intelligence and the counsel which you by your prudence
may afford us on an occasion so unpleasant, and in the second
place to the effec|tive assistance which you can give us, should
we be obliged to leave our property. In the mean time we
entreat you moit earnestly to send us an officer of note
and experience io speak for us in general and to look after
our interests. Vfe take the liberty of observing that we know
of no person more capable than Mr. De Ronville, a gentleman
of prudence and sagacity. We beg you to send the gentle-
man whom you |nay choose as promptly as possible in order
Itake place with more moderation before the
months allowed for signing or leaving the
If you can advise or assist us in any other way we
zeal and prudence to decide. In the mean
ourselves with profound respect the most
faithful servants pf his majesty and of yourself in particular.

&c. &c. &c.

* I

that things may
end of the four
country

leave it to your
tim3 we declare

Oovr. Philippa to M. St. Ovide Brouillan, Govr. of Cape Breton.
(Got'«, Letter Book.)

Annapolis Rotal 14th May 1720.
Sir,— ^

I had the pleasure of making my complim:t8 to you in a
letter, which I had the Honr. to write you from Boston by
Mens. DominicioL who w&s prepareing to sail the day after
my departure, w^ich I hope came safe to your hands.

Since my arrival in my Government, I have according to
my duty put in execution, the first thing given me in order
by the King my [Master, who thinking it high time to provide
for the welfare ai^d security of these his dominions, has com-

ACADIAN FKENCH.

manded me to declare his Royal will and pleasure, to the
french Inhabitants thereof, wch I have done by Foclanjatu^n
a coPV of which I have the honour to enclose to you, with
?he intent o^ y that you may be acauainted witli his Majesty's
^«!t goodi^ss and gracious indulgence to these people as

''Anir:s''Sin'^ less might reasonably be expected from
them than a quiet submission to the terms prescribed as being
grounded upon Solemn Treaties acknowledged and rat.fyed
!y his Most^Christian Majesty, and ^^g/^f^both^o reason
/justice, it will be ver/surprisoing to his Majes y o hear
that instead thereof, thev are indcavoureing at this time to
distub the peace of this Government, by practuseing with
the Savages to assemble together upon this occasion to
assert their native rights to this country, m opposition to that
of his Muiesty which I am inform'd they intend to do in a
Ssorderlv manner, the fatal consequences thereof, m case
S&lould begin, must inevitably tend to the contusion
Sf t lonLivers. That the french Inhabitants are ^^se very
nersons is too plaine from several expressions the.V have
Sp'd to hat purpose, as that they wish we may part friends
&c '^also from some^na^ks of contempt they have ately shevvn
to mv authority and that which gives me a greater suspicion
S s^me raland evil design is the abrupt departure of Pere
lstbLthe\rMissionary.^.o neverwas known be oret^^^^^^^^^^^
himself without the knowledge & permission of the t'oveinor.
/ Is foriy parte I have given them as many proofs of kind-
^ne^s i tl^le'nity of my Government as OPP- 1-ve ofte^^^^^
withih the little time I have been among them, but as they 1 ave
been alwavL taught by their Priests to look upon tlvemselves
as sulSof France, and to observe the diri^ct.on & Council
" tflsle Royalle*, they have now asked -^^--^V which
their denutv's thither for your advice m this .matter, w men
heytSfo be of the la'st consequence ^ Ae-, to >vhic^
I have the more readily condisended, as ^ot in the 'east
doubting but that you are perfectly acquainted with the
MenSs o? the mo^t Christia'n King, to P--rve -vuolab^y
the strict alliance offensive & defensive betwixt the two

Crownes and therefore will r""' '''' ""T ZnJve^ZZ
& influence you have with these people, than to Vf^^f^
t Se such 'measures as may tend to f -^ "-^jif^^Vise
ihc same time to preserve the peace <fe tranquillity ot inese
C^i^^^S^caL^^

* Cape Breton.

-,;

(

NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

in this affa{r, whither good or evil will naturally be construed
the eflfect and CO nsequence of your Council. I have nothing
further to add h^it to assure Monsr. St. Ovide of my perfect
esteem & that I ^hall always make it my business to cultivate
a good understajnding with him <fe the Govrs of his most
Christian Majestty^ in these countrys ; in this I obey the
comands of my Ii;oyal Master & at the same time gratifye the
ambition of Sir li'our most humble & most obedt servant

R. PHILIPPS.

To Monsr. Monsr

St Ovide Br(iiuillian
Governeui de Cape Breton.

Sib —

(Translated from the French.)

Letter from thf inhabitants of Mines to Mr. Philipps Gover-
nor of Acadie concerning the difficulties which have presented
themselves to the execution of the orders which he has trans-
mitted to them by Mr. Blin, and to ask of him that after the
valuation of theii- property by commissioners, tlie proceeds
shall be given to |;hem in pursuance of a letter from the late
Queen Anne.

May— 1720

We have recjeived by Mr. Blin the orders which it has
pleased your Excellency to send us. Being all assembled,
your Excellency'^ demands were read to us. These demands
we cannot agree to, for several reasons, inasmuch as you
demand from us, $n oath which is so much the more burden-
some as we shouliS expose both ourselves and our tiimilies to
the fury of the sajvages, who threaten us every day and watch
all our proceedinjj;8 in order to assure themselves that wo are
not violating the tath taken in presence of Oonorai Nicholson
and two offlners fi^om Isle Royale, This oath is known to the
courts of Englaiijd and Franco, and it appears to us very
difficult to rolievel oursolvos from tiio conditionH it iniposog.
And if wo ghoulij happou not to keop our promiuo to our
inviiK'iblo moniir(fh, wo would luvvo uotliiiig to oxpout but
pHnisliniunt from tho throatoning hand of tho savago*.

NuvortlioIo«s Sir we proniiuo you that wo glial! bo oqnally aa
faithful B.» wo lioyle hitherto boon and that wo itlmll not ooiumlt
any ant of liogtiiity against any right of his Britannic Majesty,

•0 long as we iiha

oontinue to remain .within tho limits of bia

ACADIAN FBBNCBi

dominions. Yo\i reproach us Sir in the proclamation with
havine remained on our property more than the year stipulated
in the articles of peace. We have the honor to reply that it
was impossible for us to do otherwise for the following reason
that although permission to sell our real estate was granted
to us yet we have not been able to do so not havmg yet found
a purchaser ; the»bove privilege therefore has been useless to
us Moreover hj » letter of the late Queen Anne of happy
memory it was oMered that a valuation of our propertv should
be madp and that the amount of said valuation should be paid
to us as ^T<as done in the evacuation of PRicentia and other
places ceded to the Queen by the Kmg ot Prance.

Thus Sir if you think that Vhat we have had the liononr to
represent is not justice and equity, we beg that you will have
the goodness to tell us so— the favour that those expect who
take the liberty of subscribing themselves, &5j &c. kc.

At^ Council held at the House of the Honble. Lieut.
Governor's in His Majesty's garrison of Annapolis Royal upon
Tuesday thfe 17th May 1720.

Present —

.'His Honor the Lieut. Governor, Major Lawrence Armstrong,

President, Major Paul Mascareue, the Revd. John Harrison,

Cyprian Southack Esq., Arthur Savage Lsq., H'ljbert

Newton Esq., William Skene Esq., William Shirreff Esq.,

Tho Honble. Lierit. Governor acciuaintcd the Board that

His Excollency General Philipps having a.lvice that the

French inhabitants of this river are cutting a road from this

river to Menis which gives him suspicion tliat hey design by

it, either to molest this place or to drive off their cattle and

carry their eftccta from hence by that%ay m order to settle

in a body, either there or Shignecto and stand m dehauco

of the Governmoiit. Advised and Agreed,

That His Excellency bo desired to seiidhw spocia ordotB
to tho French inhabitants of this river and Mems not to out
anjr Kuoli road without having His Exocllouoy'u loavo m

^itt'tiio laid order bo drawn up to bo proaontod to Hi*
Excelloncyto aign and approv^ of,-tlmt_tho Honblo. Liout.
Governor, Majorl-awrunco Armltrong, Major Paul Miisottrono,
and CyprittiiN^outliaok Kaq. bo tho Comwitteo to draw up
aaid order.

! i:'

I : '

[COPY.]

KOVi. SOOTTA DOOmCINTS.

To the Inhabitantt off This River d: Menia.

Notwitlutandihg the many favourg, & Intentions of kind-
neiR, His most Oraciom Majeity the King of Great Urittain
Sto hag boen pledig'd to order mo to oommunioiito to the frenoh
InhttbiUntg dwelling in tliig his Province of Nova Hcotia and
L'Acoadio whioh on my part I liavo aooordingly made publiok,
in A I'roeliunfttiolj hearing date April I9th 1720 0 H, and have
•inot) utuil all nibthodt poigihle whioh I have thmight might
be oondut'ivo pttivtirularlv to the welfare anil intore^t* of u»e
•aid Inlmititants, to whioh mark* of kinchio** showed them,
they have hitherto aniwerod with ingratitiulo,— ogpecially in
their late oontettipt and dinobedietico of what I required for
their iminediato and future good, as also in ye attempt (as 1
am inform'd) th^ Inhabitants of this River, have now taken in
hand, of Cuttiftg a communication through the Woods to
Menis, who hav^ sent likewise to demand of those Inhabitants
to assist in cutliing their part, without desireing my leave or
80 much as acquainting me with it, which rash and ill con-
certed proceeditigs gives me just reasons to believe, that they
have very ill (fesignes on foot, either to bring by the said
communication pi number of people to molest this his Majesty's
Garrison, or otherwise to carry and drive their effects and
cattle from hence, and form a general assembly at Menis or
Chignecto, to stand in opposition and defiance to his Majesty
TBad Govermt. i

Ilherefore do hereby positively Order and Command, all
persons whatever to desist immediately, from any such under-
takeing, which commands, if they should be so obstinate to
y disobey, I shall! be obliged to look upon it, as an act of defy-
■^ ance to the Kiiig's authority, and take such methods as shall
be most proper for the preservation of this his Majesty's
Government and Province, and I do further forbid any person
to quitt their Habitations clandestinely, & without my leave.

Given under my hand at Annapolis royal 18 May 1720.

RICHD. PHILIPPS.

AOAOIAK FRENCH.

Oovernor PkUippa to Secretary Craggt.

Sib,—

(QoTTi Letter Bbok.)

Annapglw Royal, May 2eth, 1720.

• www The third day after mv arrival here I
was visited by the Priest of this district of Annapolis at the
head of one hundred & fifty lusty yonn^ men (as if he meant
to appiutr formidable) whom I received as civilly as nossible,
will rti'tor givaing thorn agsurnnco of his Miyosty's lUvnur *

afterwards if he did not allow that hi» Miviesty's Coiiiksoen-
tion therein ejsttressed diil not exceed evi-ii the Peoplo •
expectation: he answered that his Ma^josty whs very gvniuoug,
btit that the people were hot at liberty to swear Allegiunoo
because that in General Nicholson's time they had sett their
hands unanimously to an Obligation of continuing Subjects
of France & retireing to Cape Breton, and for another reason,
they .were sure of haveing their throats cut by the Indians
whenever they became Englishmen, he was answered to botfi
very fully, & the true Interest of the People demonstrated ; but
arguments prevaile little witl.otit a power of mforcmg: tor
the case is thus, they find themselves for several yeares the
only Inhabitants of a large Country, except the small Garrison
of this place, which haveing been so much neglected they
make no acco:t of, and began to think they had as much right
here as any other: They were indeed very much surprised
at the arrival of a Chiefe Gov'r which they never expected,
often saying that person was not borne, and therefore are
getting out of his way as fast as they can, as you will fiud Ijy
the sequel, that so being once joined in a body, with the help
of the Indians to favour their Retreat, they can march ofl at
their leisure, by the way of the Bay of Verte with their
effects, and distroy what they leave behind without danger
of being molested by this Garrison which scarce suflices, to
«ecure the Fort in its present Condition.

To return to my Journal, the next day I sent a Proclama-
tion up the river, with a letter to the Priest to require him to
assemble all his people, and to read it to them againe, and
when they had considered well of it to send me their answer,
which he did much sooner thau I expected (being I suppose

; '

if'.

NOVA. SCOTIA DOCDMENTS.

deterdiMd befojeliand) with a letter from himself. Coppya
of all Which goe fnclosedjnarkedNo. 2. . , ir- ,

While these matters past, I made choice ot the King s
Council' whose i^ames, and qualifications I here transmit
marked No 3 & apd after duly quallifying ourselves according
to law by takeing and subscribeing the Oaths required, & my
Commission read, I acquainted them with what passed in
relation to the frjench Inhabit'ts of this river, and that they
expected my rejily to their Paper, upon which it was agreed
that a letter be ^rote to order them to send six Deputies to
represent the wl^ole, with whom I would confer, which letter
was accordinglyjwrote, a Copy whereof is inclosed marked
No 4 I also acduainted the Council that I intended the next
day to send sonie of the Prqclamations to the chief settle-
ments at Minas^ Chignecto with a letter to each which had
their approbationi, the Copys thereof are likewise enclosed No 5.
I had at this tfme Information that the Priest of the river
absented himseU. The same night he sent me his letter, but
supposeing him ^ot far off, I wrote to him very civilly as per
COPY marked N<i. 6. I am told since he is gone to Minas to
consult with his brethren there (of mischief no doubt) as may
be gathered fro4 Ws letter. * * . * . '

Tho' I had reiason to expect nothing less from this proce-
dure than a tha(nkful complyance, with what was demanded
for their own gbod, instead thereof they took the occasion ot
shewing their Contempt of his Majesties Goverment, by re-
fusine to alter their first choice, and sent me their Letter to
that purpose as pr Copy marked No 8-however I granted
their request to send 4wo persons to Cape Breton for advice
in the measure^ they should take, being glad to make use ot
that opp'o of w^iteing to the Governor on that head, a Copy
of which letter joes enclosed marked No 9.

Dureing thesb Transactions they ^ve been on all sides
practiseing witUthe Indians who are iiflirely in their Interest,
to get them td play their part, and h assert their native
right to this cotintry, in opposition t<) ttat of hia Majesty for
which end, I am told they are assembling. The Chief of this
River Indians, ;who are but few and inconsiderable, among
the rest has bejen with me accompanyed with half a score of
others, and desfr'd me to resolve him, if the french were to
leave this Country, whether the Two Crowns were m alliance,
whether I inteided to debar them of their religwn or disturb
them in their traffick ; to all which Queryes I answer d to

* See page 23.

ACADIAN FBENCH.

«twfection and sent them away in good humour, promissing
satisfaction, anus ^le while the Union lasted between

STo Crowne7 TmSobserve here, that I have hitherto
Sfprr^i sending for the Chiefs of the other Indians, expecting
ttrv davSe arrival of the presents I applyed for, and were ,
nreparehl^ be sent before I came from home & can never
rmoreKceable,than at this juncture ; m the meantime
Viavp siciiifved mv Intentions to them. ^ , ,.^ . <• xv-

This morning I had intelligence that the Inhabitant^ of tins
river are hard ^at worke in opening a -°>™«^ '°" f/^^^^^

t:.Sl .^Vatched at'oTer to both places to stop them as

^ItETmelrSeJ'the Deputyes from Minas & delivered

wtlr from their body with another from one of the king s

Sid bs whome I had sent up the Proclamations & was

Sireo ed d make his best Observations o their behavio- <fe

'^TJT.'J^etSTl.ere.s my Instructions direct me with
the effect of the Proclamation & that I have neither order or

Thus Sir stands the present posture of affaires here, in ine
course of which I hope my conducte may have the Honour of

was by advice of the King's Council.

I account it a misfortune that the beginning of my Gove^
ment has afforded matter of Trouble ■& difficulty. It is a nam

N0t4^ SCOTIA D0CPHB3JTO.

ACADIAN FBBNCH.

to remaine upon the fodting they propo8e,>it is very Drobabf^
they will be obedient to Goverment, as long as tl Tw„
Crownes continue in alliance, but in ca e of a rupture will be

^ iTJv^ TTn '^ °"lb°«°'". «n^ I cannot see£ hoTe o?
hkelyhood ot raakemg them English, unless it were possTe Z
procure these Priests to be recalledVwho are tnnfh nn^l i
against .the regent, not sticking to sav oneX Zf t; l"*/'®
now but will te theirs anon) a^nd VaTeinShers seS in ^
stead, which (if anything) i^ay contribut^e n a 1 ttS Le to
make some change in tl eir sentiment and give them onno of
opening their Eyes, wliich hitherto are shut ev«n to thet
own Interest Lil-e qare must be taken to prLent £

dZTZhi£T ''r''''\ T"-^'"^ °» '"« secrercorrespon!
dance with them and our Indians, to whome he yearlv makes
presents to secure them in the fr^nch Interest. ^ ^ '

As to the Indians all t^e mischief they are capable of acting
.8 to be expected from [them, whenever the Labitents S
obliged to retire, many o^ whome will joyne them in Sule
5 te Coumrv Z '"S'"« ^"^ fortifi'caLns fl?£ secfr i^

with in one^Pield l1'^ ".' "°* * P'°I^'"' *''^* «=*" ^^ "'««
Thai^hL n^ 1 , ' ^ "^?" ^'^^'"^ "0 of'er Expediet. than
Sth!M?°''tTV''' 'i.**^^ charge of takeing fwo hundred
of ho Mohock InAans fr(,m New !^orke side into the SeS
which will be no great EScpence, who being a Terror to thi«!'
Aalwayes faithfufl to the Lglis'b, will in Iny huS e op niSj

i^^iluU T\'°T'^'''^'' ^^""^"^ *''« «««ling this CoJSrT
but all this! submit to your better judgment. ^""""y.

..ffnT ^'" P'ease .to ob^rve that the lands at Minas which
afford great quantitys of* wheat yearly, and the best farms as
^vL"'*;'^fT*7'u*'".".'y*^>^*"»'« alldrown'd bycS/a
nitur'et't ^"'^^^'^^^^^ «* g^^'^g off will nywaS
It would be great pity those Farms should want Inhabit-
ants when vacated by th^ ffrench & great inconveniency to
iLns [Tv ^^'"^ ""^ supply witl^plenty of fresh pTovT-
cLted■totteP.^n^^^ ^^T '° Newfoundland to be comuni-
catea to the People there, to acquaint them, with his Maiestv's
desire for their removing to this Country'by a S oop I s7n?
express with some Provfsions for the GarriL of FlacentTa

Sf.rfin'H"^'^*n"^ 'fr"^t *^^^ °° Store Ship was arriv'd
there m the PaU and that they were in Apprehension of want

fhZ^ ""'^ °^ n^' ?*?'^ ^''P*^ f°^ drawing one Comp.a from

Whilst I am writeing, the Deputys from the Inhabitants of
tiirriver, who had disobeyed Command, in the Choice of their
Spre Intktives, & were cutting the Communication to Minas
are come with a Submission sign'd by the body, Copy whereof
rinclosed markt No 13, so that 1 am not out of hopes by
mantSng the authority of Goverment amc-ngst them to
bring thel to obedience: they say they will Oblige tl'e^-
Sfs to be good subjects in every respect excepting that of
taEgup arms against the Ring of France : And I would
humbl? propose thit if an Oath were formed for tliem to take
wh^reb/ they should oblige themselves to take up arms
rS the Indians if required, to live quietly ^ peaceably m
Sr houses, not to harbour, or give any maner of assistance
to any of thW King's Enemys, to acknowledge his Majesty s
5 Jto these countrys, to pay obedience to his Goverment
an'd to hoKe ?^^^^^^ of tile King by a new Tenure, instead
of holding them (as at present) from Lords of Manners who
are now a^t Cape BretonVhere at this day they pay then- rent
Sow farr this may be thought sufficient to bind them. *

\ am Sir your most
obedient and Immble servant

R. PHILIPPS..

To the Bt Honble. James Craggs Esq

one of his Majesty's
Principal Secretary's of State

Oov&mor Philipps to Secretary Craggs.

SlE —

Since the last I had the honour to write you matters:
continue here in the same scituation in regard to the trench
habitants, who se^ yet undetermined which party to chuse,
tho if left to themselves, would certainly imbrace that ot in-
ioying their possessions, by becoming subjects to Great Bn-
i^^e but the neighboring french Governors finding tha these
people will no longer be serviceable to their Interest after
swearing allegiance, and judging (too well) of the conse-
quence of wanting such a number of hands to strengthen &
Sprove their Colonys, are makeing use of all stratagems to
S them to their pariy, to this end the Priests are all assem-
bled at Minas to be near Cape Breton, where their great Council
is held, between which places they are continually passing
and repassing from whence they disperse false pacquetts, and

NOVA SCOTIi. DOCUMBJNTf.

Insinuations among the people as fast as they can be coyned.
Among other things they are told that the promise made them
of enjoying their Religion is but a Chimera, and what they
-"Tnust not depend on, for they will quickly be reduced to the \
same state with his Majesty's Popish Subjects in Ireland and \
their Priests deny'd theip. I endeavour all I can to undeceive
them, but scarce hope to find more credit with them than their
Priests : if these prevaije, there will a great many fine posses-
sions become vacant, I befi^ve it would not be difficult to
draw as many people almost from New England as would
supply their room, if it were not robbing a neighbouring
Colony, without gaining much by the exchange, therefore
hope there are schemes forming at home to settle this Country
with Brittish Subjects in the Spring, before which time these
Inhabitants do not think) of moving, haveing the benefit of in-
largement of time I graited untill I shall receive your farther
Commands. What is to jbe apprehended in the resettling these
farmes is disturbance fropn the Indians, who do not like to hear
of the French goeing dff and will note want prompting to
mischief

This day I have received a letter from Cape Breton about
this afikir which I have ihe honour to lay before you. It majL
be necessary to explanei to you that the Convention therein v
mentioned was an affair transacted by General Nicholson, who
can give the best accot : thereof, and how far his Majesty
stands obliged to make ^ood at this time of day, what should
have been executed seven yeares agoe according to that Treaty.

The wants of the presents which I have expected for the
Indians, has made me dejay speakeing with them hitherto, but
finding it no longer advi<ieable to deferr that matter, >upon in-
formation that the disaffected French are dayly practiseing to
posess them with notions of some ill designes form'd by the
Govermt. against them, have sent an Express over the Bay
(where the most considerable of them keep) to assemble their
Chiefs with whome I shall indeavour to settle a peaceable &
friendly correspondence. But I am sorry to find that the
french have so well madjs their advantage of our neglect of
this Country, that their Goverment prevaiies both among the
Inhabitants and Natives. And the King's Authority (whch.
is confin'd within this fiort tor want of meaneS^^ to extend &
diffuse its influence over the several inhabited parts) is in a
manner dispised & ridiculed. This I have the mortification to
Experience almost every day, in many respects, particularly
by letters that have falJep into my hands from some principal

AOAPIAN #BiaiCB

^BWl

Officers of Cape Breton, wherein the people addressed to, are
told that they may for forme sake apply to me, but in case I
do not grant" their request, they may follow their owne inclina-
tions. I

These things (with submission) require speedy & effectuall
redress, that his Majesty's A\/thority may be better maintained
& supported within this Province. I have the honour to
assure you nothing shall be wanting on my part towards
doeing my duty, but while I am shut up within this Garrison,
without the necessary convenience of looking abroad, the
people of Minas <fe Chignecto know very well that they are
out of my power & in spite of any thing I can do to obstruct
carrying on a clandestine trade with Cape Breton, wch. they
supply yearly with corne <fe cattle in exchange from the
woollen <fe linnen manufactures of Prance.

These practises may in a great measure be prevented, and
the people kept in better obeidance, if I might be permitted
to hire and arm a sloop with some troops of the Garrison, when
occasion requires to visit the Settlements and observe their
actions, the charge of which will be inconsiderable compared
with that of a Stationship which will cost the Goverment
three or four thousand pound pr. annum, and this not more
than four hundred pounds, one year with another, and that
■ service every way answered : and if I durst propose what 1
think farther necessary towards retrieving the affaires of this
Province, and settling it with safety, it would be the addition
of one hundred men, this Garrison being too small to supply
all dutys that may be required in the severall services of this
Goverment in its present scituation. *******

I am with great respect
Sir
your most obedient and
most humble servant

Annapolis 1 July 1720
/, EoyaU [

To the T!t Uo'ib'e Jiniies Craggs
one of 'iis Maie.-ty's lM>;',>.il
Secretary of ritdte ai. Wtl■to^aU
Ijoiidoa
Great Brittain

R. PHILIPPS.

[copy.]

NOV I SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

Oovr. Philippa to J^r. St. Ovide, Oovr. of Cape Breton.

Sir,—

[Trai^slated from the French.]

The bearers of thi^ letter go with my permission and my

C sport to Cape Breton, for a priest in place of the one who
left them ; and I tajke the opportunity at the same time of
replying to that which [you wrote to me, the 7th of last month
from port Thoulouse. *

It appears to nie, frcim some passages in your letter that
you take the proclamation which I published on my arrival
here to the inhabitants of this province, for a pure act of my
will, without the knowljedge of the king my master. If that is
your opinion I can assijre you that you are mistaken, and that
I know my duty too Ivell to make use of the name of his
majesty without having his royal authority for it as my war-
rant; and you may depend upon it, that each article of this
proclamation is in conformity to my instructions and contained
in them. Therefore I {am quite easy on that score, having
nothing to apprehend i^ all that has taken place on this sub-
ject except having unt^ertaken to prolong the time beyond
what my orders empowered me to do. As to the procee'ding
of the king in their ckse, it is sufficiently justified by the
articles of the treaty of Utrecht. It is not denied thkt Queen
Anne granted to these Inhabitants, as well as to those of Pla-
centiaf the liberty whi^h you mention, of which, some took
advantage in leaving within the limited time ; but of which
others have, justly, lost the advantage, through their negli-
gence or presumption.

Your commissioners (sven who came here to regulate this
affair, in the time of General Nicholson agreed that there was
but one year's grace, .and disputed only whether its com-
mencement should bafreckoned from the date of the said
treaty, or from the time of the convention of the inhabitants
here for the purpose cjf being instructed as to this favor.
Since that time they haye not been prevented from withdraw-
ing. Many of them left and sold their possessions according
to the Queen's intentioi^. But you must admit that there is a
great difference of time! between one and seven years, that
they liave remained in hjis majesty's dominions, in the full en-
joyment of their property, until they have begun to think that

♦ St. Peter't.

t In Newfoundland.

. \ !

ACADIAN FBENCH.

they have more right hero than his majesty himself. So you
ought not to be surprised, if his majesty at this time thinks
proper, for the security of his dominions, to summon them in
this manner, demanding of them their allegiance, if they con-
tinue in this country, on the most advantageous terms they
could possibly expect or desire ; or to leave this country with-
out having any regard to them.

It remains for me to assure you, that I shall not fail on my
part to give proofs on every occasion that shall present itself,
of my desire to maintain as much as possible the strict union
between the two crowns, as well as a friendly correspondence
with th^ governors established by the most christian King, in
this part of the world, being enjoined to do so by the positive
orders of the king my master, and to cultivate in particular
your esteem and friendship.

I am
Sir
with perfect sincerity
your very humble and obt. servant
] / * K. PHILIPPS.

Annapolis Royal / i

August 10, 1720 I _ ■

Mr. St. Ovide Brouillon

Governor of Cape Breton

DESCRIPTION OP NOVA SCOTIA. '
By Paul Mascakenb, Engineer.

[Transmitted to Lords of Trade by Governor Fhilipps in 1720.J

The Boundaries having as yet not been agreed on between
the British and French Governments in these parts as stipu-
lated in the 10th Article of the treaty of Utrecht no just ones
can be settled in this description. ' The extent of the province
of Nova Scotia or Acadie, according to the notion the Britains
have of it, is from the limits of the Government of Massachu*
setts Bay in New England, or Kennebeck River about the
44th degree North latitude, to Cape de Roziers on the South
side of the entrance of the River of St. Lawrens in the 44th
degree of the same latitude, and its breadth extends from the
Eastermost part of the Island of Cape Breton to the South

NOTA

[copy.]

SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

Govr. PhUipps to Mr. St. Ovide, Govr. of Cape Breton. x
[Translated from the French.] . .

Sir— I

The bearers of thia letter go with my permission and my

passport to Cape Breton, for a priest in place of the one who

has left them ; and I tal^e the opportunity at the same time of

replying to that which ^ou wrote to me, the 7th of last month

from port Thoulouse. *

It appears to me, fropi some passages in your letter that
you take the proclamation which I published on my arrival
here to the inhabitants jaf this province, for a pure act of my
will, without the knowledge of the king my master. If that is
your opinion I can assume you that you are mistaken, and that
I know my duty too ^ell to make use of the name of his
majesty without having! his royal authority for it as my war-
rant ; and you may depjend upon it, that each article of this
proclamation is in confqrmity to my instructions and contained
in them. Therefore I |am quite easy on that score, having
nothing to apprehend ill all that has taken place on this sub-
ject except having un(|ertaken to prolong the time beyond
what my orders empowered me to do. As to the proceeding
of the king in their case, it is sufficiently justified by the
articles of the treaty oi Utrecht. It is not denied that Queen
Anne granted to these Inhabitants, as well as to those of Pla-
centiaf the liberty which you mention, of which, some took
advantage in leaving wjthin the limited time ; but of which
others have, justly, lost the advantage, through their negli-
gence or presumption.

Your commissioners even who came here to regulate this
affair, in tjie time of General Nicholson agreed that there was
but one year's grace,|and disputed only whether its com-
mencement should betfreckoned from the date of the said
treaty, or from the timej of the convention of the inhabitants
here for the purpose ^f being instructed as to this favor.
Since that time they hajve not been prevented from withdraw-
ing. Many of them left and sold their possessions according
to the Queen's intentiop. But you must admit that there is a
great difference of timd between one and seven^ years, that
they have remained in jiis majesty's dominions, in \^e full en-
joyment of their property, until they have begun to/think that

• St. Peter'».

t In Newfoundland.

ACADIAN FBBiNCH.

they have more right here than his majesty himself.
io.4t not to be surprised, if his majesty at this tim

So you
time thinks
DrM!er, for the security of his dominions, to summon them in
this manner, demanding of them their allegiance, if they con-
tinue in this countrv, on the most advantageous terms they
could possibly expect or desire ; or to leave this country with-
out having any regard to them. , , ^ , „ , -. :, „„
It remains for me to assure you, that I shall not fail on my
part to give proofs on every occasion that shall present itsell,
of my desire to maintain as much as possible the strict union
between the two crowns, as well as a friendly correspondence
with the governors established by the most christian King, m
this part of the world, being enjoined to do so by the positive
orders of the king my master, and to cultivate in particular
your esteem and friendship.

I am
Sir
with perfect sincerity
vour very humble and obt. servant
^ ^ ■ R. PHILIPPS.

Annapolis Royal

August 10, 1720
Mr. St. Ovide Brouillon

Governor of Cape Breton

DESCRIPTION OP NOVA SCOTIA.
By Paul Mascakene, Engineer.

[Transmitted to Lords of Trade by Governor Philipps in 1720.J

The Boundaries having as yet not been agreed on between
the British and French Governments- in these parts as stipu-
lated in the 10th Article of the treaty of Utrecht no just ones
can be settled in this description. The extent of the province
of Nova Scotia or Acadie, according to the notion the Briteins
have of it, is from the limits of the Government of Massachu-
setts Bay- in New England, or Kennebeck River about the
44th degree North latitude, to Cape de Roziers on the South
side of the entrance of the River of St. Lawrens m the 44th
- degree of the same latitude, and its breadth extends from the
Eaitermost part of the Island of Cape Breton to the South

KOTA SCOTIA DOCUMEKTS.

side of the River of St. Lawrence. Out of this large tract,
the French had yielded! to thera at the above Treaty the
Islands situated at the m()uth of the River St. Lawrence and
in the Gulph of the same ^with the Island of Cape Breton./ V

The climate is cold an(^ very vari^le even in the soutWr-
most part of this Country, and is subject to long and severe
winters. j *

The soil notwithstanding this, may be easily ma'de to pro-
duce all the supplies of llife for the inhabitants which may
more particularly appear when mention is made of each par-
ticular settlemenJt. It produces in general, Wheat, Rye,
Barley, Oats, all manner of pulse, garden roots and Herbs, it
abounds in'Cattle of all kinds, and has plenty of both tame
and wild fowl. It is no! less rich in its produce for what
relates to trade. It's wobds are filled with Oak, Fir, Pine of
all sorts fit for masts, Pitch and Tar, Beach, Maple, Ash,
Birch, Asp &c. There a^e also undoubtedly several iron and
Copper mines, the latteij at Cape Dore have been attempted
three different times, bi^t the great expense which would
attend the digging and Bioroughly searching them has dis-
couraged the undertakeits, the whole Cape being of a vast
heighth and an entire r^ck, througli the crevices of which
some bits of Copper are spued. There are good Coal mines
and a quarry of soft stonp near Chignecto, and at Mnsquash
cove ten leagues from Annapolis Royal, as also in St. Johns
River very good and plenty of white marble is found which
burns into very good lime, feathers and furs are a consider-
able part of the trade of this Country, but the most material
is the fishing of Cod which all the Coast abounds with, and
seems to be inexhaustabl e. It is easy from hence to infer of
how much benefit it is to Great Britain that two such con-
siderable branches of trade as the supplies for Naval Stores,
and the Fishery may remfiin in her possession, and if it should
be objected that New England and Newfoundland are able to
supply the demands of Great Britain on those two heads it
may be easily replied, tl^at the markets will be better, espe-
cially in relation to fish when Great Britain is almost the sole
mistress of that branch of trade, and her competitors abridged
of the large share they bjear in it.

There are four considerable settlements on the south side
of the Bay of Fundy, Annapolis Royal, Manis, Chignecto, and
Cobequid which shall be treated on separately. Several
families are scattered along the Eastern Coast which sliall be
also mentioned in their l^firn.

ACADIAN FBENOH.

The Inhabitants of these Settlements are still all French
and Indians ; the former have been tolerated in the possession
of the lands they possessed, under the French Government,
and have had still from time to time longer tune allowed them
either to take the Oaths to the Crown of Great Bntam, or to
withdraw, which they have always found some pretence or
other to delay, and to ask for longer tune for consideration.
They being in general of the Romish persuasion, cannot be
easily drawn from the French Interest, to which they seem to
be entirely wedded, tho' they find a great deal more sweetness
under the English Government. They use all the ineans they
can to keep the Indians from dealing with the British subjects
and by their mediation spreading among the Savages several
false Notions tending to make them diffident, and frighten
thera from a. free intercourse with them, and prompting them
now and then to some : mischief which may increase that
diffidence, and oblige them to. keep more at a distance.

There are but two reasons which may plead for the keeping
those French Inhabitants in this Country. 1st. The depriving
the French of the addition of such a strength, which might
render them too powerful neighbours, especially it these
people on their withdrawing hence are received and settled
at Cape Breton ; and secondly, the use that may be made ot
them in providing necessaries for erecting fortifications, and
for English Settlements and keeping on the stock ot cattle,
and the lands tilled, till the English are powerful enough of
themselves to go on, which two last will sensibly decay if tliey
withdraw before any considerable number of British subjects
be settled in their stead, and it is also certain that they having
the conveniency of saw mills (which it will not be in our
power to hinder being destroyed by them, at their going
away) may furnish sooner and cheaper the plank boards <fcc.
requisite for building. ^ , , ., ,

The reasons for not admitting these Inhabitants are many
and strong, and naturally deriving from the little dependance
on their allegiance. The free exercise of their religion as
promised to them, implies their having missionaries ot the
Romish persuasion amongst them, who have that ascendance
over that ignorant people, as to render themselves masters ot
aU their actions, and to guide and direct them as they please
in temporal as well as in spiritual affairs. These missionaries
have their superiors at Canada or Cape Breton, froni whom it
is natural to think, they will receive such commands as wiU
never square with the English interest being such as these

K07A ilCOTU DOOUICEHTB.

vw., Their forever incjtjing the Salvages to some mischief or
other, to hinder their corrospondiiiff with the English ; their
toying all manner of tlifficultios in the way when any English
Settlement is proposed pr going on bv inciting underhand
the Salvages to disturb tihem, and making these last such a
bugbear, as if they (the French) themselves durst not give
any help to the English for fear of being massacred by them,
when it IS well known the Indians are but a handful: in this
country. And were the prench Inhabitants (who areWjle to
appear a thousand men pnder arms) hearty for the British
Government, they could drive away, or utterly destroy the
Salvages in a very little time. The French Inhabitants be-
sides are for the generality very little industrious, their lands
not improved aa might bq expected, they living in a manner
from hand to mouth, and provided they have a good field of
CaMages and Bread enough for their families with what
fodder is sufficient for their cattle they seldom look for much
nirther improvement. *

It i8_ certain that British Colonists would be far more
advantageous to the settlipg this Province, and wonld besides
the better improvement ojf it, for which their InauHry is far
superior to the French w(io inhabit it at present, les^ con-
siderably the expence in defending of it, not only in rtgard
to fortifications, but also ia regard to Garrisons, because the
tnghsh Inhabitants woujd be a strength of themselves,
whereas the French requ^e a strict watch over them. This
would also reconcile the native Indians to the English, which
the other as mentioned before, endeavour to keep at a
distance.

The neighbouring Government of the French at Cape
Breton is not very desirous of drawing the Inhabitants out
of this Country so long a^ they remain in it under a kind of
Allegiance to France, especially if they are not allowed to
carry their cattle, effects, grain, Ac, which last would be more
welcome in the barren country than bare Inhabitants, but is
opposing with all its might and by the influence of the Priests
residing here, their taking the oaths of Allegiance to Great
Britain, and if even that oath was taken by them, the same
influence would make it of little or no effect. That Govern-
ment IS also improving by the same means the diffidence of
the Indians, and will make them instruments to disturb the
British Settlements on the Eastern Coast of this Government,
or any other place, which ipight check the supplies they have

•See note to letter from Govr. Maicuene to Gott. Shirley in April, 1748.

AOADUN rRBNOH.

from henoe for their support on their barren territories besides
the jealousy in trade, and fear of this Government being too
powerful iii case of a War.

It would be therefore necessary for the interest of Great
Britain, and- in order to reap the benefit, which will accrue
from the acciuisition of this country, not to delay any longer
the settling of it, but to go about it in good earnest to which
it is humbly proposed, viz. :

That the French Inhabitants may not be tolerated any
longer in their non-allegiance, but may have the test put to
them without granting them any further delay, for which it is
requisite a sufficient force be allowed to make them comply
with the terms prescribed them, which force ought to be at
least six hundred men to be divided to the several parts
already inhabited by the French and Indians, and might be at
the same time a cover to the British Inhabitants who would
come to settle in the room of the French. For an encourage-
ment to those new Inhabitants, should be given free transpor-
tation, free grants of laud, and some stock of Cattle out of
what such ot the French who would rather choose to with-
draw, than take the oaths, might be hindered to destroy or
carry away..

The expence this project would cost the Government, would
be made up by the benefit, which would accrue to trade, when
the country should be settled with • Inhabitants, who would
promote it, and would be a security to it and in a little time a
small force of regular troops would be able to defend it, with
the help of loyal Inliabitants.

The gyeat expence the Government has been at already on
account of this country, and the little benefit that has accrued
from it is owing for the most part, to its being peopled with
Inhabitants that have been always enemies to the English
Government, for its evident from what has been said of the
temper of the Inhabitants, and the underhand dealings of the
Government of Cape Breton, that what orders are or may be
given out by the Governor of this Province, without they are
backed by a sufficient force, will be always slighted and
rendered of non effect.

^It will be easy to judge how the number of Troops hero
prioposed, ought to be disposed of by the description of every
particular settlement and first

Annapolis Royal is seated on the Southern side of the Bay
of Fundy, about thirty leagues from Cape Sables. The entry
from the Bay into the Britj^ River is of a mile long, and m

^sffiiis

taas^itr.if^a'agsi^-

agaattMfe

;

NOVA SCOTIA POCPltENTS.

the widest place about half a mile broad, this entry leads into
a larger Basin where a vast number of ships may safely
anchor. Three leagues from the entry, and up the British
river lies Goat Island ; the ship channel between that and the
mam lies on the larboard sfde going up, it is narrow, but has
water enough for the biggest ship,, the other side of the Isl^
\& tul ot shoals, and has a very narrow and difficult channel.
Iwo leagues above Goat Island is the Port, seated on a rising
sandy ground on the South side of the River on a point formed
by the British River and atiother small one called Jenny river.
The lower Town lies alongi the first and is commanded by the
Kort, the upper Town stretches in scattering houses a mile
and half South East from the Fort on the rising ground be-
twixt the two rivers. Fro|n this rising ground to the banks
ot each river, and on the o);her side of the less one, lies large
. plats of meadow which formerly were damn'd in, and pro-
duced good grain and sweejt grass, but the dykes being broke
down, are over flowed at elery spring tide from Goat Island
to hve leagues above the Vpxi. On both sides of the British
Kiver are a great many fii)e farms Inhabited by about two
hundred families. The tid^ flows that extent, but the river
IS not navigable above two leagues above the Port, by any
other than small boats. Tl^e Bank of this River is very plea-
sant and fruitful and proc^uces wheat, rye and other grain,
pulse, garden r«ots, herbs apd the best cabbages of any place,
here abounds also cattle and fowls of all kinds and if the
several good tracts of land along this river were well im-

E roved they would sufiice fbr a much greater number of In-
abitants than there is already.

The chief employment ()f the French Inhabitants now is
tarmmg and the time they Ijave to spare they employ in hunt-
ing, and catcl>hig of Sable Martins. Their young men who
have not much work at farming beget themselves to Fishing
m the summer. The Port ip almost a regular square, lias four
Bastions, and on the side fr<)nting the Point, which is formed
by the junction of the two pi vers, it has a ravelin and a bat
tery of large guns on the cc^unterscarpe of the ravelin, which
last with the battery, have been entirely neglected since the
Jinghsh had possession of tl^is place and are entirely ruined.
Ihe works are raised with tf sandy earth and were faced with
sods, which being cut out of a sandy soil (the whole neck
betwixt the two rivers being nothing else) soon mouldered
away, and some part of the works needed repairing almost
every spring. 'The French, constantly repaired it after the

ACADIAN FUENCH.

same manner except part of the courtin, covered with the
Ravelin, which they were obliged to face with pieces of tim-
ber some time bc-U.re they quitted possession of this place.
The Engliih fe, lowed that last method in repairing of this
Fort, reve-.tiwg of it all round with pieces of round-timber of
SIX or sev'ju inches diameter, to the Loight of the Cordon, and
raising a paruyn ot sod work, bur wneilior by neglect of the
workman, or iho^e who had the overH^-eing of them, or their
httie thrift m carrying on these reiiaiis,ov some oiuor reason
they put tne Government to a prodigious deal of charge, and
pve an entire dif^guht for any manner of repairs. Tlyis the
fort laid for a great while tumbling down, till at the arrival of
Governor Philipps. the orders from his Majesty signified by
hi^n to toe French Inhabitants not pleasing them thev shewed
some forwardness to disturb the peace and to incite the In-
dians to some miscirief, which made it necessary to put the
fort into a po.«tnre of defence against the uisults which might
be offered to the G.irri.sou which is too small of itself to en-
counter so great a number, as even the Iniiabitants of this
River, miglit make against it, thev being able to arm and
assemble four hundred men, in twein .- lour hours time. It is
therefore humbly proposed in rela; ion to this place, that till
the Inhabitants are more loyal, two hundred men of re<nilar
Troops may remain ghrri.^oned here, and that whilst a°new
projection for the fortitying of this place shall be agreed and
carried, this fort may be next summer, thoroughly repaired
the sum demanded lor these repairs, not exceeding eight hun-
dred pounds sterling, by which this place will be put in a con-
dition to last the time requisite for providing of materials,
and building a stone redoubt Ac, and may serve to secure the
materials, and workmen, which otherwise will be much in
danger. This project will be more particularly transmitted
this fall to the Honorable Board of Ordnance.

Manis called by the French Les Mines has its name from
the Copper Mines whicih are said to be about it especially at
one of the Oapes, which divides the Bay of Fundy, and is
called Cap Des Mines or Cape Dore. This Town lies thirty
teagues by sea and about twenty two by land. East North
Bast from Annapolis Royal, of the same side of the Bay of
Fundy. The harbor there, or rather the road, is very wild
and unsecure. The vessels trading there, which seldom ex-
ceed forty or fifty tons in burthen, take the opportunity of
the tide, which commonly rises nine or ten fathoms, and run
np a Crick to the Town, where when, the tide leaves them,

NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

they lye dry on a bank of mad which stretches five or six
miles before irSi^ts with low water mark. This place might
be made tha Granary not only of this Province but also of the
neighbourinc Governmeints. There is a plat of Meadow,
which stretches along for near four leagues, part of which is
dam'd in from the tine, and produces very good wheat and
peas.

The rest of the Meadow might be with some labor dam^in
also, and if peopled by iilduatrious Inhabitants, might be of
very great advantage, notonly in regard to this Provincef but
as is mentioned above, for the supply of the neighbouring
Goverments. |

The houses which compose a kind of scattering Town, lies
on a rising ground along two Cricks which run betwixt it and
the meadow, and make of [this last a kind of Peninsula,^ This

f)lace has great Store of! Cattle, and other conveniencies of
ife, andTh the road they (jatch white porpoises, a kind of fish,
the blubber of which turned into oil, yields a good profit.

The Inhabitants of this (place and round about it are iriore
numerous than those of tlje British River, besides the number
of Indians which often report here, and as they never had any
force near them to bridle them, are less tractable, and subject
to command. All the ordjers sent to them if not suiting to
their humors, are scofi^ed <»nd laughed at, and they put them-
gelves upon the footing of obeying no Government. It will
not be an easy matter to oblige these Inhabitants to submit to
any terms which do not] entirely square to their humours •
unless a good force be lanjded there, and a Fort or redoubt of
earth be thrown up, well 4itched friezed and pallisaded, till a
more durable may be biiilt ; this redoubt must have four
pieces of cannon (sakers) and command the meadow, which is
their treasure. The forcej sent for that purpose must be three
or four hundred men, the feason of which will appear, when it
is considered, when the wildness of the harbor will not make
it safe for any Ship of for(je to remain there to give counte-
nance to such an undertaking, and that even if she could
anchor Safely, it must be at the distance of near twelve miles
from the place where the said redoubt is to be built and that
any other vessels, which n^ust be employed to carry the troops,
and workmen must lie ashpre dry, sixteen hours at least of the
twenty four, and may be liable to be burned, and thereby cut
ofi' the retreat of those employed in this work unless they are
able to defend themselves and to make head against the
Inhabitants and the Indians ; who will never sufi'er it to go on^

^ g^iasi!«^^iijaafegfl^^

ACADUN> FBKNCH.

jf not kept m awe by a sufiBcient force. The redoubt oneht
to be capable of receiving a hundred and fifty men, which will
be enough to curb the Inhabitants till they grow more loval
or better be put in their stead. ' '

Cobequid* lies about twelve leagues North East of Manis
Ht the upper end of the Easternmost branch of the Bay of

There are about fifty French Families settled in this place
Tlie soil of which produces good grain, and abounds in cattle
and other conveniencies of life. By a River the Inhabitants
have communication with Chibucto a harbor on the Eastern
Coast and by a road across the woods at a distance of about
twenty leagues they fail into the Bay of Vert, in the Gulph
ot St. Lawrence, by which they drive a trade to Cape Breton
Ihe Indians resort much to this place.

Chignecto is seated upon the Westermost branch of the
Bay of Fundy almost at the upper end of it. The inhabi-
tants are numerous having much increased of late years and
are about seventy or eighty families. This place is about
twelve leagues distant from Manis having a communication bv
a river which discharges itself into Manis Rhoad.

This place produces good store of grain and abounds in
tattle more than any other. Within seven leagues of Cane
Chignecto (which with Cape Pore divides the Bav of Fundv
in two branches) there are very good Coal Mines," and easily
come at, but the want of shelter makes it dangerous for the
vessels which come to receive it ; they being forced to anchor
in the open Bay. Near the town itself which lies four leagues
beyond the coal mines, there is a small Island which has a
good quarry of Soft Stone, it cuts in layers of four or six
inches thick, and hardens soon after it is cut. The Inhabitants^
are more given to hunting and trading than those of the other
settlements, which is partly occasioned by their being so
conveniently seated for it. There being but a small neck of
tend of two leagues wide which parts the Bav of Fundy from
tlie Gulph of St. Lawrence, by this last they have a continual
intercourse with Cape Breton, carrying most of their Furs
that way, and supplying it with provisions, of grain, cattle &c
and bringing for returns linens and other goods, to the preiu-
dice of the British trade and manufactories. To put a stop to
this, and to bring the Inhabitants of this place under obe-
dience, who are the least subject to the English Government
of any other here, it will be necessary that a smaU fort be

• Truro and Onslow and the country around.

NOITA SCOTIA DOC0KENT8.

built in some conveiiient place on this neck capable of con-
taining one hundred and fifty men. This is the more so by
reason the French have sent four Ships this Summer, with
two hundred families! with provisions stores and materials for
the erecting a fort arid making a settlement on the Island St.
Johns*, which lies in the Bay of Verte, part of the Gulph of
St. Lawrence, part of which Island (which is near fifty leagues
long) is but at three or four leagues distance from the main,
and six in all from Chignecto. When this settlement ia made
.by the French, they Ivill from thence command all the Trade
and carry a greater 6way, over all the Bay of Fundy, than
the English, who ar^ the undoubted owners but have only
the name of possessojrs of it, till such measures are taken as
are here humbly proposed. For it is to be remembered, that
each of these places! have a French Popish Missionary, who
is the real chief Coifamander of his flock, and receives and
takes his commands from his superiors at Cape Breton.

The lesser settlements on this Bay, and other parts of this
Government shall be referred to another opportunity and at
thjs time, the most material of all shall only be touched upon

VIZ.

Cansoe is an Island with several other less ones adjoining,
lying at a small distance from the Main, and at South East
and North West fronj the Passage which bears the same name
and separates the Island of Cape Breton from the main Conti-
nent. This place has been found so convenient and advan-
tageous for catching and cureing Cod Fish that of late it has
been the resort of niumbers of English, as it was of French
before the seizure n>ade by Captain Smart in His Majesty's
Ship Squirell. This stroke was so grevious to the French,
who were concerned in this loss, amongst which were some of
the principal Officers of Cape Breton, that seeing they could
not obtain the satisfaction they demanded, they have been all
at work all this Spring, and incited the Indians to assemble at
Canso and to surprise the English who were securely fishing
there, (and did not etxpect such treatment) and having killed
and wounded some ajnd drove oflF the rest to Sea.

By means of this hurry and confusion whilst the Indians
were plundering the dry goods, the French were robbing the
fish and transporting of it away, till the English having re-
covered themselves sent after th^m, and seized several of
their shallops and shareways, laden with English fish and
other plunder, and made the robbers prisoners, and pursued

AOADIAM FBINCH.

ge retreating Indians and took two of them also prisoners
Had It not been for this eruption twenty thousand Quintals of
dry cod fish this season would have been exported out of this
Great Brit«Ii '"^^'"""^ *"''°^ thereby, very . considerable to
This is sufficient to show the necessity ot supporting the
British subjects, whom the advantage of the Fishery will draw
every year, and induce to settle in this place, if they can be
secured from the like insults by a Ship or armed Sloop coun-
tenancing them in summer, and a Port and Garrison protect-
ing them in winter. This if encouraged is very likely to be
the chief place for Trade tho' not so conveniently situated for
the chief seat of Government as Port Rosewav,* LaHave
Marligash,! Chiboucto^ or any other Harbor situate on the
Mstern Coast of this Government; which by being near the
centre, may best hold communication w>ith the whole. But as
neither of these harbors, have been as yet narrowly surveyed
and no sufficient information can be had about them further
mention thereof will be deferred to another opportunity, by

i P. MASCARENE
Engineer

r '^'l^/ofegoing treatise has been earefully examined and
tound to be exact and perfect.

R. PHILIPPS.

Oovernor Philippa to Secretary Oraggs.
(GoTfi.^Lett. Book.)

a _ ' Annapolis Royal, 26 Sept. 1720.

In my former letters I have had the Honour to lay before
you the State of the Kings affaires in this part of his Majesty's
liominions, with every step of my proceedings with as much
exactness as was possible. What hath hapned since at Cansoe
and the damage done there to the ffishery, by way of reprisall
(as the Savages-^ive out) for what was taken from the ffrench
by Oapt hmart, is an unhappy confirmation that I have not
been mistaken, for nothing is bo evident, as that our ffrench
Inhabitants and the neighbouring ffrench Qovermts are
Equally secrett Enemys to the Brittish interest in this Pro-
vince & consult together how they may disturb and obstruct

'Now Shelbanw.

t Lunenbargh.

NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

ACADIAN PSENCH.

it being settled ; eapicially at this juncture they are more
bnissy than ordinary, seeing their hopes of this Countrys falling
into their hands agaiae is like to be at an end. And that the
Savages are the tooleg in their hands with which they worke
the mischiefs which themselves dare not appear in.

I need not trouble you here with the particulars of that
misfortune, they being contained in the inclosed papers, and
shall only acquaint ypu that the flSshennen being drove off
from their Stages inUt their boats by the Savages who sur-
prised them in the dead of the night, and their fish and
merchandize left to the pillage of the flFrench, who lay ready
for that end, they held a consultation the next morning and
concluded to send a Sloop to Cape Breton to seek for redress ;
but not finding to their satisfaction they sent to me by one
Mr. Henshaw for relief, whome I dispatch'd with arms,
amuuicon and provissions, & would have given him an Officer
with a detachment of the Garrison but he thought there would
be no occasion. This person brought me five french prison-
ers, taken in severall iShallops loaden with the English fish &
merchandize, whose ejcaminations together with his memorial]
to me, are inclosed markt No. 1, by which Sir you will see
how far the Counsell* of Cape Breton may have been con-
cerned in contriveing & abetting this mischief. I al^o sent
my Major on board hjm to Cape Breton with copys of those
examinations to demaind restitution of the fish & goods, and
Satisfaction for the losp of his Majestys subjects, three haveing
been kill'd upon that occasion. His instructions with my
letter to the Governof are inclosed markt No. 2.

As to the Indians I have the honour to assure you, <&
every body here will teare me witness, that I have taken par-
ticular Icare to treat fihem in the civillest manner, that ever
any Governor yet ha$ done ; there has scarce past a week,
since I am here, but some of them have been with me, whome
I never failed to assiHre of his Majesty's good will & protec-
tion, and required them to acquaint all their nation therewith,
and that I expected considerable Presents for them from the
King in token of his afiection ; at the same time I never dis-
missed them without presents (which they alwayes expect) for
which I am out of pocket above a hundred & fifty pounds.
But I am convinced that a hundred thousand will not buy
them from the Ifrench interest while the Priests are among
them, who haveing got in with them by the way of religion <fe
brought them to regular confessions twice a yeare, they
assemble punctually at those times & receive their absolution
conditionally that they be alwayes Enetoyes to the English.

I had almost forgot to acquaint you that some of the
Indians robbers who retum'd from Cansoe to Minas to the
number of Eleven finding a New England tradeing Sloop
there belonging to Mr. John Alden, and being flush'd with
their former success and applauded by the Priests they

Iilundered her also at the very doors of the Inhabitants who
ookt on without restraineing those wretches under the sham
pretence of being afraid of provokeing them. I have wrote
to them to demand a better reason of such their behaviour,
which is all I can do in my present circumstances but hope it
will not be long thus, copy of this letter goes mark'd No 4.

This being the last oppo. (probably) this season that I may
have the honour of writeing to you, do therefore think it my
duty (with submission) to tell you plainly that I find this
Country in no likelyhood of being settled under the Kings
obedience upon the footing it is, and therefore it is necessary
that the Government at home exert itself a little, and be at
some extraordinary expence, for this has been hitherto no
more than a mock Goverment : its authority haveing never
yet extended beyond Cannon reach of this fifort. I was in
hopes (<fe signify'd as much in the last letter I had the honour to
write you) that the addition of a hundred men more with what 1
could draw from the Garrison of Pfecentia might suffice for
this worke, but am now convinc'd it will require a greater
number, and because I may not be thought to impose my
owne opinion in a matter of such consequence I have called
a Council of the Chief Officers (some of which are of the
King's Council) to consider of and propose the most reasonable
& least expensive scheme, for establishing the King's autho-
rity in such manner and in such parts of this Province as
may render it communicative over the whole, which proposal
I have the honour to lay before you markt No 5.

The Inhabitants seem determined not to sware allegiance,
at the same time I observe them goeing on with their tillage
and building as if they had no thoughts of leaveing their habi-
tations ; it is likely they flatter themselves that the King's
afiaires here will allwayes continue in the same feeble Statei^
I am certain nothing but demonstration will convince them
to the contrary.

The number of these people and how scituate, with a des-
cription of their particular settlement and Country in general,
is herewith presented to you, being the most exact & perfect
accot that has yet been given of this Province..

SOTA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

I heartily wish that this Bxpence was not absolutely necoS'
sary, but as the case stands, it would be more for the honour
of the Crowne (I speak it with humble submission,) and proffit
also, to give back the Country to the ffrench, than be contented
with the name only of Government, and this charge that
attends it, whilst they bare the rule <fe make it subservient
to the support of their settlement at Cape Breton; which
could ill subsist without the graine <fe the cattle they fetch
from Manis <fec. * # * * ♦ # «

I am with perfect duty and respect
Sir
Your most humble and

most obedt Servt

R. PHILIPPS.
To the Rt Honble Jameis Cragga Esq,
one of his Majestys principal
Secretarys of St|tte.

. Oovernor P^Utppa to Secretary Vragga.
I (Letter Book.)

Ankapolis Royal, 27 Sept 1720
Sib,— I

Before I could dispatch my letter, the answer from the
Inhabitants of Manis to the letter I wrote them by advice of
his Majesty's Council i»pon the affaire of Mr. Alden's Sloop
being plunder'd there, is come to my hand. Copy of which
with what they send me in behalf of the Indians is herewith
transmitted. You may please to observe by this deportemt.
of the Deputys excuseibg their non-appearance, is a confirma-
tion of the little regard they pay to any orders of the Gover-
ment, and how the Indians (whomo they have sett on worke)
are made the screene ^or all their actions. The Jesuitical
frame of the letter plainly discovers it to be of the Priests
composure, there not being one Inhabitant in the Countrey
capable of such a performance. What is therein mentioned
of Mr. Broadstreet is litterally thus vizt. : this Gentleman was
sent with a deputation from the Collector (and with my appro-
bation) to reside at Menis as a preventive officer to observe
thft- trade and correspondence those people carry on with Cape
Breton, and to give an frccot. thereot from time to time. This
Office not suiting with their interest, they told him that he conld
Qot be protected there, and therefore it was necessary for bis

ACADIAN FBENCR.

safety to retnme, upon which he desired them to furnish him
with a guide to direct him the safest way back thro' the
woods, which not being able to obtaine he ventur'd alone, but
first wrote the enclosed letter to the Deputy he had apply'd to
for the guide. This is their method of excuseing their beha-
viour by turning it into a grievance on their side. You will
please to ob8er\'e that they pass over that part of my letter
wherein I reminded them of the testimony of my good will
toward them, in presumeing contrary to my orders to prolong
the time for their evacuation, which they do not think fitt to
acknowledge, since they have prevailed with the Indians to
sett up their native right and title to the Countrey, as you
will see by their answer or rather the Priest for them.

These are the effects the Proclamation hath produced, and
their grounds for laying the blame, and makeing me the cause
of this trouble, because the honour of publishing those his
Majesty's orders has fallen to my lott for they will not be per-
suaded but that I have done it of my owne head. Tis what
they should have been told eight yeares sooner, but it is not
yet too late. I hope this will serve as a lucky occasion to
hasten the securing the Countrey under the King's dominion,
which is a worke that must be done first or last and the longer
it is delay'd the more difficult it will be

I have the Hour, of once more ^
subscribeing

Sir

Your most humble and
most obedient servant

R PHILIPPS
To Mr Secretary Craggs

Govt. PhUippa to Mr. PoppU, Secretary of the Board of Trade.

SlB,-

(Letter Book.)

* * * The french councills this summer have
tended toward exciteing the Indians to a Generall Warr, uponv
which matter all the nations of them have had several meet-
ings and consultations, and expresses sent to Canada to draw
in those. But their Artiffices have hitherto proved ineffec-
tuall. For the Indians (who are not without cunning) will
not be brought to a declaration of warr because the ffrench
cannot openly joj^ne with them therein, <fc therefore have deter-
mined to doferr it to another opportunity. In the mean time
they are amused dayly with false packets, tbei freshest of

1.1

^Ij^jjjjj^jf^

NOYi. SCOTIA bOClTMENTS,

which is that the Young King of France is Crown'd, the
regent out of favour, and the pelace between the two Crownes
upon the point of desolving. Sb that whenever the affaires of
iVance shall happen to take another turne, it may be foretold
without divination, that this Countroy (which is a fronteer)
will be hard besett and in no little danger of being lost, if thi»
opportunity of peace be not improved for its security.

There is a continuall intercourse and communication between
Minas, Chignecto, and adjacent settlements, and the Goverment
of Cape Breton & Isle St. John* ; the traffick of those parts is
wholly turn'd that way, the Inhabitants goe and come dayly,
and all this not in my power to prevent with the Garrison at
the distance of 30 leagues. I have a detachment at Cansoe
that winters there for the security of that flSshery, which by
all accots. is the best in the Universe, and I hope in the Spring
to be fully instructed what measures to pursue in relation to
these Inhabitants. i

I observe with pleasure that their Lordshipps have much at
heart the security and sottlemejit of this Province which they
have alwayes demonstrated by giveing attention to what has
been proposed for that end ; but the difficulty seems to lye
with the Board of Ordnance, iwho will hardly be prevailed
upon to alter their first scheenis, which I will be bold to say,
in the present scituation of ^ffaires will be found neither
practicable nor sufficient ; for jSrst the Indians (who will not
faile of being pusht on by the french) will take incouragement
from our weakness to give continuall disturbance to the worke;
and next if those small project|ed redoubts or towers can be
raised they will not answer to ^we the present inhabitants, m
case they continue, or protect others that shall come in their
roome, but will be in a mannerlblockt up, because not capable
of sending out any considerable detachment ; for the french,
tho' they dare not act barefaced, will not fail many of them in
the disguise of Indians (as has been their practice) to lead
them on to mischeife. ~«^t this is harping upon the same
string. If the representations that are made be found to be of
any weight, I have said enougji; if not, I have the misfortune
of giveing their Lordshipps kfe you too much unnecessary
trouble. #♦*»**

I wish you and family a happy new yeare
and an) Sir
Your affectibnate humble Servant
To Mr. Popple »• PHILIPPS.

Secretary to the Board of! Trade.
This letter U entered in the Letter Book without date.

ACADIAN PBENCH.

Sib,—

Governor Philippa to the Secretary of State.

The winter being now over it will be expected that I give
some further accot: of the affaires of this Country which (in
regard to both french and Indians) are much in the same scit-
tuation, as when I had last the Hour, of wnteing to you.
The first of them waite the decisive answer of the Court, as
to their goeing or staying, and do not want assurance to hope
a favourable one which (I must say) their behaviour little de-
serves, particularly that part in normitting or indeed rather
incourageing the plunder of a Sloop formerlv mentioned, at
their very dooros by half a dozen Indians. They have indeed
lately sent Deputys to sue for pardon, and obliged themselves
to pay the damage ; but if it be determined for them to retire
I expect it will be in tlie manner that tho iews march'd out of
Egypt not only with their owno effects and what they can bor-
row, but will first distroy tho Country.

Therefore the best way (in my humble opinion) of answer-
ing will bo in the manner wo have proposed ; to fall to worke
and build Ports among them, and when they find the Gover-

ment in Earnest and capable either to protect or them,

tis not unlikely, that they will sitt downe quietly in their uo8-
session, and become good subjects with good looking after.
As to the latter, they are to meet mo towards the latter end ot
this month to receive his Majesty's presents, and I shall make
use of that opportunity to oblige them to the most advanta-
Keous conditions of peace and traffick with his Majesty 3

ubiects * #* * »■* * *
i^bjects. g.^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^ PHILIPPS

i** letter i( entered in the Letter Book without date.

We the Governor and Members of his Majesty's Council for
Nova Scotia, being assembled to consult on the scituation ot
the affaires of this Govermt., in order humbly to represent the
same to his Majesty, and to propose some methods which may ,
prove effectual to establish the King's authority in this fro- 1
vince and facilitate the settling the same, so as to prove in/
time advantagious to the Crowne and to the Trade ot Grear-
Brittain, haveing maturely weigh'd and consider'd the same,
do humbly represent vizt : . p • * ^

1st. That the french Inhabitants do persist in refusing to
take the Oaths of allegiance to the Crowne oi Great Brittain,

NOVA SCOTIA DDCUVEBTS.

ACADIAS PKBNCH.

and look upon themselves as the Indispensable liege subjects
of France by the engagement they have layd themselves
under, and from which their Priests tell them they can not be
absolved.

21y. That by continuing to plow and till their lands, to
build new houses, and other impifovemts : they seem to have
no thoughts of quitting this Country, which we have reason
to believe proceeds from a cont^empt of this Garrison and a
dependance on their own numbers, with a reliance on the
assistance of the Indians, who are^ their firm allies and depend-
ants, by the tyes of long acquaintance, consanguinity and
religion.

Sly. That these Inhabitants and the Indians, are mtirely
influenced and guided by the Goverment of Cape Breton, and
the Missionary Priests resideing among them, by which they
privately or publickly obstruct every thing that may turn to
the advantage of the Brittish Trade or security of his Majes-
ty's Goverment here. The proofs of which sufficiently
appear by the Invasion of Cansoe, where many of his Majes-
ty's Subjects were great suifererp, and a plundering a Sloop at
Minas to a considerable value, belonging to another of his
Majesty's subjects, which lastactjon, was committed by Eleven
Indians in the midst of two or three hundred french Inhabi-
tants. !

4th. That we are sensible by dayly experience that there
is in general an intire repugnance amongst them to obey the
Orders which anyway tend to the good of his Majesty's ser-
vice, and that they pay little regard to the King's -authority
beyond the reach of the gunns of this fiFort

This being the State of affaires in this Province, We are
humbly of opinion, that a sufficient number of Troops is ab-,
solutely necessary to be added to those already here^-to-earb
the insolent temper of the present Inhabitants, if they are
allowed to stay, or to oblige them to depart, and leave this
Country on the terms prescribed! them, and at the same time
to protect those of his Majesty'g subjects who will come to
settle in their stead. The numter proposed to be sent wa
humbly conceive ought to be six hundred men at least, with
a proportionate number of Officers, provisions for a twelve
month, stores and tooles requisite to raise redoubts, forts or
intrenchments to secure the Gatrisons, till more durable can
be built for the defence of the several settlements.

Canoeau is the first which we think ought to be possessed
and defended in regard to the Great advantage which accrues

from the fishery and the number 6f Brittish subjects which
would resort there if a sure protection can be obtained. Two
hundred men to raise the ffort, and one hundred to be left
there in Garrison after the ffort is built, we humbly conceive

to be necessary. , t ^ lx ^ -n

Mines on accot. of the numbers of ffrench Inhabitants wUl
require four hundred men, part whereof after the fort re-
doubt or intrencht. is rais'd, may. be detached to Cliignecto
where, besides the reasons above as to the Inhabitants, it
requires the more to have a considerable strength in regard
that the trade is clandestinely carried to Cape Breton by
meanes of the small Trajett from the bay of Fundy into the
Gulph of St. Lawrence and that the ffrench have sent this
summer four ships, two of which we hear are actually arrived
at Island St Johns, not above six leagues distance from blug-
necto, where they intend to have a considerable ffort and set-
tlement, and by means of it will be able to command the trade
as well as the french inhabitants in these parts. These two
places Mines and Shignecto ought to be garrison'd with no less
than one hundred & fifty men each to serve the ends above |
specifyed. The hundred that remaine with the hundred to be
drawne from Canceau may serve for a settlement on the East-
ern Coast of this Province for wHich Port Rosway, La Have,
Marligash, or Chiboucto are recommended. The troopes re-
quired to carry on these several projects ought to sett out m
March from Great Brittain to be here in April or May at the
farthest, the summers being so short here as will hardly admitt
of makeing the necessary preparations for a long winter.

We further give it as our humble opinion, that besides a
Ship of warr, which ought to countenance these several pro-
iects, two sloops of about fifty tonus each are necessary which
may be mann'd out of the Garrisons and serve as guard Ves-
sells as well as packets and transports to the places which do
not admitt of the man of warr.

All which is humbly submitted
Annapolis Royal
27 Septemr. 1720

R PHILIPPS

John Dodcette
P Mabcabene
William Savaoe
John Adams
HiBBfcBT Newton
William Skene
Will: Shibbbff.

MOYA 8C0TU DOCDMEKTS.

Board of Trade to Oopernor PhQipps

Whitehall
28 December 1720.

ftB,—

♦ * * » * As the French Inhabitants of Nova
Scotia, wha appear so wavering in their inclinations we are
apprehensive tney will never become good suWects to His
Majesty whilst the French Governors and their Priests retain
BO great an influence over them, for which reason we are of
opinion they ought to be removed as soon as the Forces
which we have proposed to be sent to you shall arrive in
Nova Scotia for the protection of and better settlement of
Your province, but as you are nOt to attempt their removal
without His Majesty's positive prder, for that purpose, vou
will do well in the mean while to continue the same prudent
and cautious conduct towards them, to endeavour to unde-
ceive them concerning the exercise of their religion which
will doubtless be allowed them if' it should be thought proper
to let them stay where they aire. The presents for the
Indians we hear have been ordered some while since, of
which your Agent will give You the necessary advices. * *
Your very loving Friends
& humble servants

WESTMORELAND
T PELHAM
M BLADEN
EDWD. ASHE

Extract from a Letter of Govt. PhQipps to Board of Ordnance
dated Annapolis Royal, mh December, 1720.

The ffrench Inhabitants have; been sufifered here so long
under no conditions of obedieace that they are not only
multiplyed, and become numerops, but withall insolent, par-
ticularly those settlements which are out of reach of the
Govermt. and are the most ctonsiderable as Mmas, Lhig-

necto Ac. ' • j . t> i

Soon after my arrival here, tl»ey were required by Froclar
mation (according to my Instructions) to sweare Allegiance
to the Crowne of Great Brittain^ or to avacuate the Country
within four months from the date thereof, to which they have
signified by words and actions that they have no thoughts ot

■J

ACADIAN FBKSCH. W

complying Vlth either, untill they see the Goverment strong
enough to inforce its Orders. * * *

I am upon as good terms with those last, as it is possible
for an English Governor to be, excepting a few Banditti.

[COPY.]

Oowmor Philij^ to WiUiam Winniet.
(Tranilated flrom the French.)

Mr. William Winniet,— I

The inhabitants of Mines seem to reflect (as they have
great reason to do) on their insolent treacherous and astonish-
ing deportment towards the person and government of his
Majesty the King of Great Britain within whose dominions
they have been permitted hitherto to live and enjoy privileges
greater than those enjoyed by any people in the known world

at the present day. . , . ^-c j _i

These strange proceedings thev consider justified on several
occasions by a pretended fear of the savages— a pretence as
false as it is frivolous and to which if it were received, they
would always have recourse in order to carry out their
designs, whenever they might desire to deceive and impose
upon these ignorant people in making them bear the blame ot
their wicked actions, who of themselves have not the slightest
shadow of reason for doing any harm to his Majesty's subjects.
Therefore you will communicate to the said inhabitants the
true and literal contents of this paper, as the ultimate condi-
tions of accommodation that can be accepted with satety and
honour by the government of his Majesty, which will never be
wanting in power and energy to maintain its authority and
chastise those who undertake to insult it.

I am

Sir,

your obedient servant,

R. PHILIPPS.

Annapolis Royal
March 4th, 17jj

NOTA •COTIA DOCCUSNTB.

(TnmaUted from th4 French.)

4-NNAPOLIB ROTAL

March 4th 17^

A committee of the council having been appointed to hear
what the two persons from Minas had to say before being
admitted to his Excellency, they were heard, and having
Dothing but the old and frivolous excuse of laying the blame
on the Savages they did not obtain an audience of his Excel-
lency. By the advice of the council the letter also which
they brought was not received for the following reasons :
Because the excuse which they would give to cover their
wicked conduct in permitting the plundering of Mr. Alden's
Sloop will never be received as a satisfaction for the insult
offered to the government under which they live, because
it is very well known that the Savages have never, or at least
very rarely, committed any depredations upon the English
except at the instigation of the French.

Because these are not the persons requested on this occa-
sion to attend upon his Excellency on the part of the inhabit-
ants of Minas, and that when their deputies were requested to
come and present to his excellency the reasons which caused
them to allow the savages to rob Mr. Alden, instead of coming,
they sent a frivolous letter by a poor man who left it in a
strange manner with the deputiep from this river, together
with an insolent letter signed by one or two Savages, but
dictated by the French.

And especially because restitution has not been made for the
, losses which Mr. Alden has suffered, even to the last denier of
the amount sworn to before his Excellency, and which is requi-
red to be delivered to his Excellency at the earliest oppor-
tunity as a preparatory step towards obtaining peace.

In the last place they are expected to prepare an instru-
ment in writing signed by the inhabitants of Mines, in which
they shall acknowledge in the most unequivocal terms the
enormity of their offences, with th^ most authentic assurances
of a perfect obedience to this government for the future, so
long as they shall remain in this province ; and that the said
instrument shall be delivered to his Excellency in Council by
the deputies and Father Felix in the name of all the inhabit-
ants of Mines.

P. S. As it is said that some of the deputies have left this
government, the inhabitants may choose suitable persons in
their place.

AOADiAH raracB.

Governor PkUtppa to Board of Trade.

Cambo
September 19th 1722.
Mt Lords, —

# * * * 1 have determined to wait on Your
Lordships in person this fall, and the rather as the fece of
affairs are something changed and a new scene opened which
has drawn me into an Indian War, notwithstanding all my
endeavours to avoid it.

It is certain that nothing could be more unexpected, for I
never had a better prospect of peace and friendship with
them then at the time of their breaking out. Their Chiefs
having been with me but a month before, whom I feasted and
gave them part of the King's presents on their solem promises
ofjgood behaviour toward all His Majesty's Subjects, and
therefore could hardly credit the first reports of their taken
the Trading Vessels in the Bay of Fundy, which were soon
after confirmed with the farther accounts of their having
taken 18 vessels more in the Harbors on this Coast, among
which was a Sloop I had despatched with Bread for the Gar-
rison of Annapolis Royal. From this success they began to
flatter themselves with the hopes of reducing that Port by
Blockade, but the Provisions from Europe arriving\here in
the mean time, I armed the Vessels that were to procee<J with
part thereof to that Garrison, who getting safe thither, and
Mr. Dowcett having an opportunity of making about twenty
of the Indians (who lay encamped in the Woods^ prisoners,
about two thirds being Women and children, that great
design blew up.

By this time we were in the middle of the Fishery and the
Harbour full of Ships waiting their loading, when fresh
advices came that the Indians were cruizing upon the Banks
with the Sloops they had taken assisted by the Prisoners
whom they compelled to serve as Mariners, and gave out that
they were to attack this place with all their strength, which
alarmed the people to that degree, bringing to mind their
sufferings two years ago, and being very much disheartened
to find that no measures had been taken this year for the
security of the place, from whom they judged my representar
tions to have no weight with the Government at home, and
their misfortunes to proceed from ray want of interest, They
were upon breaking up and every man to shift for himself.
To prevent which and having just then received an express

«2

NOVA aCOTIA P0CDMENT8.

from Governor Shute with a declaration of War by that
Government against the Indians desiring my assistance, I
assembled the Harbour and prevailed with them to concur
with me in fitting and manning out two Sloops to protect the
Fishery, and having reinforced each of them with a detach-
ment of the Garrison and an Officer, it had that good eifect
that in three weeks time I retook all the vessels and Prisoners
except four which the New England people poorly ransomed.
Upon this occasion many Indians were killed, among the
number four of their Chiefs who had been with me but a
month before, receiving the King's, presents, on the most
solemn assurances of thoir intentions, to live in peace and good
friendship with his Majesty's Subjects and being asked the
reason of their sudden change, all of them agreed in one story
that they were set on by the French Governors. ♦ « *
with very greiat respect

1 R. PHILIPPS.

Extract from a Letter of Oovernor Armstrong to Lords of
Trade, dated 5th September, 1725.

I hope you will take into y<iur consideration, and to lay
the same before His Majesty as may forward the security of
its settlement by a royal fortificfition, for the subjects are as
yet discouraged, having no shelter from the daily insults and
cruel Massacres of the Indians, who are supported and clan-
destinely encouraged by the Franch ; who envying our growth
and increase, supply them with|Powder and Ball, &c, in order
to disturb our settlements; An|d last winter they were even
piloted to this place, by one William Godet and one Petipas
(through no doubt the instigatiqn and contrivances of most on
the Island of Cape Breton.)

Being informed of these, an(jl a great many more of their
underhand dealings, I judged it my duty to write to Governor
St. Ovide for redress. J

And having herewith transmitted you my letter to him, his
answer, my instructions to Hibbert Newton Esq. and Ensign
John Broadstreet, and their Journal of Proceedings with him
at Louisburg you will see that all the satisfaction I could get,
is only pretended ignorance of notorious matters of fact and
ambiguous fair promises of friendship without any punctual
periormances. And for his exciuse for supplp'ing of about two
hundred of them this year, says that it is his most Christian
Majesty's orders to him to distribute to the Indians their an-

ACABUM FBBNCH.

nual presents which chiefly consists of Anns, Powder and
Ball &c, by which we Brittish subjects do greatly sufifer, the
War being thereby fomented and prolonged.

Qovr. St. Ovide to Oovr. jmutrojig.

(Translated firom the French.)

' I have received by Messrs. Hibbert and Bradstreet the
letter which you have done me the honor to write to me ; and
I beg to assure you, that I shall do all in my power to main-
tain a friendly intercourse with you,

It has never come to my knowledge that our people, in their
visits to Acadie for the purpose of procuring cattle for the
relief of this colony, have ever carriedlpith them powder and
ball in order to supply the savages with these articles, having
forbidden all the inhabitants and merchants of this govern-
ment to engage in this trade, under very severe penalties ;
and I am persuaded that no person from this colony has
transgressed tlie ordinance issued for the prevention of said

It is my earnest desire to discover those who have violated
this order, that I may punish them severely ; and I request
that you will inform me, if you have any knowledge of such
persons, that I may make an example of them.

But Sir, in order that those who shall go from this govern-
ment to yours for the purpose of procuring cattle, may no
longer be suspected, I shall order them to cross at Canseau,
that you may have them examined, for the purpose of ascer-
taining if they have arms or amunition of war for the savages
or any other persons under your government.

I have always endeavoured strictly to cause the arrest ot
deserters from your government to this ; and I shall continue
to act in the same manner, in order that they may be sent
back to you : persuaded as I am, that you wiU do the same
with tho"se who may desert from us to you.

I shall make it my especial study to preserve a good and
sincere understanding with yourself, and with all the gover-
nors and commanders of the King your master.

Therefore I beg that you will receive from me the assur-
ance that no one can be more perfectly than I am,
Tour verv humble and obt servant

ST. OVIDE DE BROUILLAN.

Louisbourg. Isle Royale 1725 ^

Q4 KOTA SCOTIA HOCnMENTS.

Governor Armatrong to the Duke of Newcastle.

December 2d 1725
May it please your Grace

Having so lately wrote to you^ Grace at large for His Ma^
jestv's information of the present state of this province, with
wha't steps I had taken with the French Governor of Cape
Breton, his answer upon it with his promises to prevent the
clandestine trade into this province with the Mai French In-
habitants, as weU as the evil intended Indians, and likewise
that he would not permit any more missionary Priests to come
into our limits without my express leave or the Commanders
in Chief for the time being.

Notwithstanding these, his fair promises I have had the good
luck to take two of his passports, the one for trading the
other carrying a Missionary Priest, both with his directions
coming into this Government contrary to his Faith and
Promises, desiring in the Priests passport the protection of
the Commanders in Chief, just as if he commanded them
thereunto, contrary to his Majesty's honor and dignity: a
copy of the said passports I herewith enclose for your Grace a
' just information. r t j-

I have also certain information of a great body ot Indians
joined with the evil French Inhabitants of this Province, that
are to attack us this Winter, in order to destroy this settle-
ment and Fishery which is one of the greatest in the world,
and which the French cannot bear without the greatest envy,
and underhand, do all they can to destroy it.

Being with all subpiission &c.

*L. ARMSTRONG .

To His Grace

The Duke of Newcastle

• Lawrence Armstrong was Lt. Colonel of the regiment of General Philippi,
which had been stadoned in Nova Scitia for a number of years. He was
appointed a member of the first Council called by Govr. I'hilipP" at Annapolis
in 1720. He received the appointment of Lt. Governor of the Province on »th
Febv , 1724-5, which he held until his death in 1789. He served in America
as a' military officer for upwards of 80 years. In the year 1711 he •uBered
shipwreck in the expedition up the Hiver St. Lawrence under General HiU,
when he lost his money and baggage, and the arms and equipage of the com-
mny of Col. Windress' regiment, under his command. He was subsequently sent
toAnnapoUs Boyal, and by Governor Vetch entrusted with a memorial to the
Secretary of State respecting the ill sUte of the forUflcatoons at that place.

ACADIAN FBENCR.

tkdrad from a Letter of Oovr^ Armatrong to Secretary of State.

Canso
27 July 1726.

I shall also want His Majesty's directions about the
French Inhabitants upon their taking the Oath of Fidelity
which they have refused these several Years past, as I
am informed they are resolved to quit the province rather
than take it, and as I am informed have transported several
of their Cattle and other effects to Cape Britain. I likewise
understand that Governor St. Ovide with some Troops and
his Council are gone to the Island of St. Johns in the Bay of
Verte ia order to mark oHt the lands of that Island for such
people and inhabitants as will quit this Province and retire,
under the Goverment of France ; this has been managed by
the Missionary Priests amongst the Indians and French Inha-
bitants in this Province.

As for ray part I have been so cautious, that I have given
them no manner of offence any way and have lived in perfect
friendship with the Governor of Cape Britain, ever since my
arrival in this province and every thing now stands upon the
best footing between these two Governments, excepting that
they are fortified and we left naked in which case upon the
least diflFereuce between tlie two Crowns, we must be des-
troyed while they remain safe and secure under the defence
«f their fertification which I gave Your Grace an account of ?
last Year &o.

Entered in Letter Book withaat address or signature.

At a Council held at the Honble. Lawrence Armstrong's
house in His Majesty's Garrison of Annapolis Royal on Wed-
nesday the 21st of September 1726.

<3ov«rDor Armstrong represented himrelf to have suffered many privations and
«nnoyance8 during his administration in endeavouring to sustain the regiment
^nder his command in the absence of General Philipps, and to have contracted
Urge debts in the purchase of necessary supplies for the troops, which he was
unable to discharge. He appears to have been of a weak, petulant tempera-
ment, and ]m mind having gradually given way under the difficulties which
snrronnded him, he committed suicide on Thurtday, 6th December, 1739—
being found dead in his bed. with five wounds in his breast, and his sword
IjnW l>7 l>>i"- — f^ova Scotta Countil Boob; Lt. Q09. A.'t Mtwurial to Moard
of Tradt, and kit Letten.

64 KOVA SCOTIA ftOCDMENTS.

Oovernor Armstrong to ffie Duke of Newcastle.

Canso

December 2d 1725
May it please your Grace \

Having so lately wrote to youj- Grace at large for His Ma-
jesty's information of the present state of this province, with
what steps I had taken with tlJe French Governor of Cape
Breton, his answer upon it with| his promises to prevent the
clandestine trade into this province with the Mai French In-
habitants, as well as the evil intended Indians, and likewise
that he would not permit any mc^re missionary Priests to come
into our limits without my express leave or the Commanders
in Chief for the time being. !

Notwithstanding these, his fair promises I have had the good
luck to take two of his passports, the one for trading the
other carrying a Missionary Pridst, both with his directions
coming into this Government t;ontrary to his Faith and
Promises, desiring in the Priest^ passport the protection of
the Commanders in Chief, just ! as if he commanded them*
thereunto, contrary to his Majefsty's honor and dignity : a
copy of the said passports I herewith enclose for your Grace's
just information.

I have also certain information of a great body of Indians
joined with the evil French Inhabitants of this Province, that
are to attack us this Winter, in order to destroy this settle-
ment and Fishery which is one of the greatest in the world,
and which the French cannot be^r without the greatest envy,
and underhand, do all they can to destroy it.

Being with all submission Ac.

To His Grace

The Duke of Newcastle

L. ARMSTRONG

• Lawrence Armstrong wm Lt. Colonel of the regiment of General Philipps,
which had been stationed in Nova Scotia for a number of years. He was
appointed a member of the first Council called by Govr. I'hilipps at Annapolis
in 1720. He received the appointment of Lt. Governor of the Province on 8th
Feby., 1724-5, which he held until his death in 1789. He served in America
as a military officer for upwards of 80 yaars. In the year 1711 he suffered
shipwreck in the expedition up the River St. Lawrence under General Hill,
when he lost his money and baggage, and the arms and equipage of the com-
pany of Col. Windress' regiment, under his command. He was subsequently sent
to Annapolis Hoyal, and by Governor Vetch entrusted with a memorial to the
Secretary of State respecting the ill state of the fortifications at that place.

ACADIAN FBENCH. gg

tkelrad from a Letter i>f Govr. Armstrong to Secretary of State.

Canso
■ I 27 July 1726.

I shall also want His Majesty's directions about the
J<rench Inhabitants upon their taking the Oath of Fidelity
Which they have refused these several Years past as I
am informed they are resolved to quit the province 'rather
than take it, and as I am informed have transported several
ol their Cattle and other effects to Cape Britain. I likewise
understand that Governor St. Ovide with some Troops and
his Council are gone to the Island of St. Johns in the Bay of
Verte in order to mark out the lands of that Island for such
people and inhabitants as will quit this Province and retire,
under the Goverment of France; this has been managed by
the Missionary Priests amongst the Indians and French Inha-
bitants in this Province.

As for my part I have been so cautious, that I have given
them no manner of offence any way and have lived in perfect
friemlship with the Governor of Cape Britain, ever since my
arrival m this province and every thing now stands upon the
best footing between these two Governments, excepting that
they are fortified and we left naked in which case upon the
least difference between the two Crowns, we must be des-
troyed while they remain safe and secure under the defence
«f their fartification which I gave Your Grace an account of
iast Year Ac.

Entered iji^Letter Book withant address or signature.

At a Council held at the Honble. tawrence Armstrong's
house in His Majesty's Garrison of Annapolis Royal on Wed-
nesday the 21st of September 1726.

Oovernor Armstrong represented himoelf to have suffered many privations and
annoyances during his administration in endeavouring to sustain the regiment
«nder his command in the absence of General Philipps, and to have contracted
large debts m the purchase of necessary supplies for the troops, which he was
unable to dischargu. He appears to have been of a weak, petulant tempera-
ment, and his mind having gradually given way under the difficulties which
surrounded liim, he committed suicide on Thurtday, 6th December 1789—
being found dead in bis bed. with five wounds in his breast, and his sword
lying by him.-Abra S«rf«, CounM Book,; Lt. Go,. A.; Memtrioi to Board
of Trade, and hu Litters. "•«»••

KOVA BCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

Pbesbnt

Lawrence Arrasllrong Lieut. Governor of the
] ^eiit. Governor of Annapolii»

The Honble
Province,

The Honble Joseph Doucett*
Royal,

Jolin Adams' Esq,

William Skene Esq,

WiUiam ShirrefiF Esq.

* * * Then he [the Lt. Governor] acquainted the Board that
ho had appointed the Deputies ^f the French inhabitants to
meet him here this day, and that he had a mind to propose to
them the taking the Oaths to Ilia Majesty ICijig George, which
being judged very necessary that they either, should, or be-
gone out of the Province, the said Deputies who were attend-
ing were called in and the question put accordingly.

Which being done, the said Deputies seemed satisfied, but
desired a Copy of said Oath, thaj; they might communicate the-
same to the inhabitants, which being ordered to be given
them. His Honor appointed Sunday the 25th instant, for their
making an answer.

StJNDAT the 25tl| of September 1726. P. U,

His Honor the Lieut. Goveitnor of the Province with the
Honble. Lieut. Governor of His Majesty's Town and Garrison
of Annapolis Royal with the other members of the Council,
met at the Flag Bastion according to adjournment where the
Deputies with a number of the inhabitants being also present.
His Honor the Lieut. Governor of the Province told them
that he was glad to see them, and that he hoped they had so
far considered their own and children's future advantages,
that they were come with a full resolution to take the Oath of
fidehty like good subjects, induced with sincere honest prin-
ciples of submission and loyaltj^ to so good and gracious a
King, who upon their so doing, due and faithful observation
of their sacred Oaths had promised them not only the free ex-

• Joseph Doucett succeeded Thos. Csulfleld as Lt. Govenior of the Fort of
Annapolis, under Nicholson, in 1717, and continued to hold office under his
auccessor, Genl. Philipps, until the year 1726. His name here appears on the
Council Books under that of Lawrence Armstrong, who was then Lt. Governor
of the Province. The last meeting of pouncU which he attended was held
on the 10th November following.

ACADIAN PHiaiCH.

©rcise of their religion, but even the enjoyment of their Es-
tates and the rights and other immunities of his own free bom
subjects of Great Britain ; and that for his part, while he had
the honor to command, his endeavours should always be to
maintain to them what His Majesty had so graciously vouch-
safed to grant.

Whereupon at the request of aome of the inhabitants a
JVench translation of the Oath required to be taken was read
unto them.

_ Upon which, some of them desiring that a clause whereby
they may not be obliged to carry arms might be inserted.

The Governor told them that they had no reason to fear any
such thing as that, it being contrary to the laws of Great Bri-
tain, that a Roman Catholic should serve in the Army Hia
Majesty having so manv faithful Protestant subjects first to
provide for, and that all that His Majesty required of them
was to be faithful subjects not to join with any enemy, but for
their own interest to discover all traitorous and evil designs
plots and conspiracies, any wise found against His Majesty's
subjects and Government, and so peaceably and quietly to
enjoy and improve their estates.

But they upon the motion made as aforesaid still refusing
and desiring the same clause.

The Governor with the advice of the Council granted the •
same to be writ upon the margin of the French translation in
order to get them over by degrees.

Whereupon they took and subscribed the same both in
French and English.*

Then His Honor the Lieut. Governor of the Province de-
sired the Deputies might acquaint such as were absent to
come next Sunday or sooner, in order to be also qualified for
the enjoyment of their estates and the privileges of British
subjects and recommended to them the duty of submission
and loyalty and their own interests in behaving themselves
hke good faithful subjects— they gave repeated promises, and
havmg drank his Majesty's the Royal families and several
other loyal health, the Governor bid them good night

At a Council held at the Honble. Lieut. Governor John
Doucett's house in His Majesty's Garrison of Annapohs Roval
on Tuesday the 11th of October 1726 p.m.

• Tu" u*' "*'«,"'"=e '0 "le InhabiUnts of the Biver Annapolis and that
neigbbourhood only.

KOVA SCOTIA DOCnMESTS.

Fbesemt

The Honble. Lieut. Governor oft the ProvinceV

The Honble. Lieut. Governor ofi the Town and Garrison,

John Adams Esq., William Skene Esq.,

William ShirreflF Esq.

The Hon. Lieut. Governor ofj the Province laid before
the Board a Petition of Pere Gaulins who being come to
make his submission to the government, desired the advice
and opinion of the Board thoreonj

The said Petition being read and considered, the Board
upon the Consequence of the whole, resolved that the said
Monsieur Gaulin would make ^mple submission and beg
pardon for his past faults, (for which there were evident
proofs) take the Oaths of fidelity to His Majesty King George
and the Crown of Great Britain, tever to intermeddle in the
affairs of the Government either amongst the Indians or other
inhabitants, (but in the execution of his own religious func-
tion only) and find the other Priests that are permitted by the
Goverment, and ten or twelve of the Deputies to be security
for his future behaviour he should be forgiven for what is
past, and permitted to remain as a Missionaire in the Pro-
vince, otherwise that the Government would take other
measures.

Honple.

Liont. Governor of the

At a Council held at the , —

Province's house in His Majesty's Garrison of Annapolis Royal
on Monday the 24th of October 1726,

PbE8E](IT

The same Members as on Tuesday the Uth last.

The Honble. Lieut. Gi)vernor,of the Province acquainted
the Board that by what discourse he had with the Deputies
from Mines, he judged it would be necessary to send two gen-
tlemen along with them, in order to tender and to administer
to the inhabitants there, the Oaths— the said Deputies being
■also inclinable and promising to be as aiding and assisting in
assembling of the inhabitants as possible, and in forwarding
■of that affair— that he had therefbre drawn up instructions for
-Captain Joseph Bennett and Ensign Erasmus James Philipps
to proceed accordingly for that purpose, and having laid the
same before the Board for their perusal, he asked their advice
on the same.

ACADIAN FBENCH.

Which being read were approved of— then he laid before
the Board some directions mentioned in said instructions to be
communicated to the Deputies of Mines and of these other
adjacent places of the Bay to be published to the inhabitants
there ; as also a duplicate of the same to be published to such
of the inhabitants of this river as had not as yet taken the
Oaths to His Majesty.

Which being likewise read were also approved of
Then ho acquainted the Board that that old mischievous
incendiary Gaulin had represented to him that he could not
procure the bail required by the Board on Tuesday, the 11th
instant ; but that whereas he had at last come to make his
submission, and to beg pardon for all past faults, promising for
the future to behave himself with more respect and obedience
to this His Majesty's Government, than ever he had done
heretofore, and upon no account whatsoever to intermeddle in
the Government's affairs, but by his doctrine to instil if possi-
ble the principles of obedience and loyalty both into the
Indians and French inhabitants ; — wherefore and finding that
the inhabitants were also desirous to have him set at liberty,
as doubtless were the Indians, he had therefore in some
measure altered his resolution of sending him to Britain, least
at this juncture it might not only impede the inhabitants from
taking the Oaths but perhaps also create some misunderstand-
ings amongst both them and the Indians, to the disturbance of
our present peace and quietness; which he referred to the
consideration of the Board and desired their advice whether,
at present, it would not be more proper considering the pre-
sent state of afiairs so far to humour the inhabitants, which
would be, no doubt, also pleasing to the Indians to set him at
liberty, and to trust him once more by giving him, till further
orders, the Cure of Mines.

Extract from Letter of Oovr. Armstrong to Secretary of State.

Annapolis Royal

24th Novr., 1726.

No. 3* enclosed is the Oaths administered with the advice
of His Majesty's Council to the Inhabitants of the River
Annapolis Royal who could never be prevailed upon to take
it before. The next Spring I shall send to the several other

* No copy of this qaalified Oath is to be found among the papen.
reeeive the approral of the Secretary of State.

It did not

VfniPliiiajUini

NOTA SCOTIA DOCOMEUra.

settlements in this Province jthe dame Oaths, and oblige
them ail to take them, and send them liome to Your Grace for
His Majesty's approbation, herefn I hope honestly to do my
duty and if possMe to gain both the French and Indians of
this province to be faithful and honest subjects to His Most
Gracious Majesty, and this his Government of Nova Scotia.
I find really both the French and Indians very well satisfied
both with the Peace and the Oaitha of Fidelity taken to King
George, in effecting of which it has and will cost me a great
deal of money as well as pains ^nd Labor.

Chvernor Armstrong to Secretary of State.
(Letter Book.)

Annapolis Royal
ao April 1727.
May it please Youb Grace

Since my last, dated 24th | November 1726 I have the
mortification to tell Your Grace for his Majestie's information,
that there arrived here from Boaiton one Mr. Ganjbell, formerly
a Lieut, in the Army, who I am told came from England with
Major Cosby to Boston, in NeW England, where the Major
still contmues, tho' I have ordered him to his post at Canso,
and in defiance and disobedience to my orders stays in New
England to know the result of the said Gambell's false com-
plaints against me. After his 4rrival here from England he
associated himself with some Bc^ston antimonarchical traders,
who, together with some evil intended French Inhabitants
that had lately taken the Oaths of fidelity to his most gracious
Majesty, which they never would be brought to before by any
former Commander, and incited them to sign such complaints
as he had formed against me, telling them that I had no power
nor authority to administer them such Oaths, and also that
Major Cosby would be with theip this Spring with full power
to Govern the Province ; in short he has instilled such rebel-
lious principles into the Inhabitants of Minas and 'Beaubassin,
two of the principal settlements, to the former of which I sent
Captain Bennett to administer the Oaths and Ensign Philips
to the latter. They are both returned, with the said Inhabit-
ants answers and resolutions not to take any oath but to their
Notre Bon Roy de France as they express it, as Your Grace
will see in their answer No. 1, from Beaubassin, and that from

* Cumberland Buin.

ACADIAN FBENCH.

Minas No. 2 — and all this occasioned by the incitements and
ill conduct of the aforesaid Mr. Gambell and three or four
New England Traders, who are now trading with the said
inhabitants, that are rebels against His Majesty and this his
Province of Nova Scotia. I must also inform Your Grace
that the French Missionary Priests, at the above said places,
have assembled a great body of Indians, with a resolution to
begin the War against His Majesty's Subjects of this Province
and New England, all which troubles are occasioned by the
aforesaid Mr. Gambell and his abettors. I must beg Your
Grace's protection against the said Gambell's complaints, for
sure I am he must be encouraged by some people that are
enemies and envy me the honor of making a Peace with the
Indians, and settling affairs upon a just footing in this pro-
vince, for His Majesty's service ; otherwise he would not
presume to come into this Government of himself and commit
80 many evil practices against his Majesty's Interest here,
and with so much contempt against me, who does all that
lyes in my power for tho dignity and honor of my King and
Country. * * # * * *

The bearer. Captain Bennett, can further tell Your Grace
the disposition of the people or French Inhabitants of this
Province and also of the conduct of their Missionary Priests,
who instil an inculcated hatred into both Indians and French
Inhabitants, against the English, he can also inform you what
difficulties I have laboured under to get provisions for my
ready money to support the Kings Troops with during the
time I have been here. » » » *

Your Grace's &c.

* L. ARMSTRONG.

At a Council held at the Lieut. Governor's of the Province's
House in His Majesty's Fort of Annapolis Royal on Tuesday
23rd of May 1727. ■

Present —

The Hon : the Lt. Governor of the Province.

John Adams Esq
William Shirreff Esq
Capt. Joseph Bennett

William Skene Esq
Capt. Christ. Aldrige
Capt. John Blower

• * # # # Then laid befor* the board Capt. Joseph
Bennett's Journal of his transactions with the inhabitants of

• - a

HOTA BCOTTA DOCmCESTS.

ACADIAN FRENCH.

Mines, and that of Ensign Emsmus James Philipps with those
of Checanecto or Beaubassin, and those said inhabitants'
answer in regl^ to their taking the Oaths to His Majesty as
upon tile: — '

Which being read the opinion of the Board is, that the
said inhabitants by their rebellious behaviour and insolent
answer deserved no manner of favor or protection from His
ifejesty or his Government, and agreed that His Honor the
Lieut : Govr. had done all that was possible to be done for the
good of His Majesty's service. Agreed that the original
papers be transmitted home to His Majesty's principal Secre-
tary of State, and to the Lords Commissioners of Trade and
Plantations for His Majesty's further directions therein.

Ordered that an order by way of a letter bo sent to Alexr.
Bourg of Mines, who has the abpve mentioned paper of com-
plaints against the Lieut. Governor to come here with all
expedition and to bring said paper of complaints along with
him as he will answer the contrary at his peril. * ♦ « *

L. ABMSTRONG,

Lieut. Govr.

At a Council held at the placft aforesaid on Thursday, the
Ist of June 1727.

FfiEBEIfr —

His Honor the Lieut. Govr.

John Adams Esq., William Skene Esq., William ShirreflF Esq.,
Captn. Christ. Aldridge, Capt Joseph Bennett, Capt. John
Blower.

The Lieut. Governor represenjted to the Board that upon
the consideration of Capt.' Bennett's and Ensign Philipps's
report to him of the French inhabitants' behaviour, and refu-
sal of the Oath of fidelity &c., judged proper to invite them
once more to their duty by writinjg them a Civil letter. Which
lettfer being read was approved of ordered to be recorded and
forwarded to them accordingly.

L. ARMSTRONG,

Lieut. OoTT.

lAtui. Oovr. Armstrong's Letter to the Deputies of Mints (fee.
up the Bay to be pitUished to ye other Inhabitants.

(Letter Book.)

Gentlemen, —

Upon the Report of Capt. Bennett <fe Engn. Philipps of
your Comportment and answers in Relation to your takeing
the Oath and thereby becoming His Britanick Majesty, my
Masters Subjects ; I have therefore thought proper to send
you this, to shew you that its not only Your Duty and Interest
to pay that due Obedience to His Majesty, who for so many
Years hath been so Graciously Pleas'd to grant you the
Enjoyment not Only of your Estates but Religion, and even
upon so Easy Termes, after so long a Disobedience, to Pardon
aU, and Conflrme the same unto you : But also to Signify to
you All, that I am so farr from doing You any Prejudice, that
I hereby in His Majesty's Name, Invite you Seriously to
Consider not only your present but future Happiness ; and
Desire that you the Deputees of the people and others the
Principall Masters of Familys Amongst You, with Monsr.
Gaulin Your Missionary Priest, may come here as Soon as
possible, with full Power from the Other Inhabitants, That I
may fully Discourse <fe Reason with You on this Subject
before the Council, Before I Represent any part of Your
Behaviour to His Majesty. This I friendly Advise You to,
That in Case You do not Comply, You may have none to Blame
but yourselves for what may be the Consequence of so much
Disrespect and Disobedience to so Great & Gracious a Sove-
reign.
I am with friendly advise for the Interests of you all.
Gentlemen yor most Humble Servt.

L. ARMSTRONG.
Annapolis Royall

1 June 1727. i

At a Council held at the place aforesaid on Wednesday the
21at June 1727.

Present —

The Lieut. Governor and same members as on the Ist inst.

His Honor the Lieut. Governor of the Province having sent
for Etienne Rivette whom he had detained at the Officers'
Guard, Room and having administered an Oath to answer

KOTA SCOTIi

DOCOHENTB.

directly to the best of his knowledge to such questions aa
should be put to him and to declare the truth and nothing but
the truth, caused to be read a declaration of said Rivettes, as
upon file, which he owned to be such, and having signed it,
declared the same to be according to what he had heard as is
contained in said declaration, and being further asked whether
he had heard that the Lieut. Governor's power was of no such
force as to administer the Oaths of fidelity to the inhabitants,
answered that the person who brought the letter said and
signified so. Ques.— Why the inhabitants did not cut the
road as directed. Answr.— That he had heard several say
that his Honor would take and drive the cattle away at his
pleasure, and use them as he did those here, which he believed
was the reason for that; the greatest part of the people
desired no communication with us. "

p. K.

At a Council held Ac. on Tuesday 25 July 1727.

His Honour laid before the board a minute of Council bear-
ing date the 6th day of July 1725. founded on a representa.
tion of Mr. William Winnietts merchant of this place relating
to trade with the French Inhabitants up the Bay* which being
read His Honor desired the saijie might be again taken into
consideration the Inhabitants still behaving themselves with
so much disrespect and Insolei^ce as aforesd. and absolutely
refusing to take the Oath to His Majesty. Therefore putt the
question whetiier they should be permitted to have the bene-
fit of trade with our English traders going up the Bay.

.* * * * Taken into consideration the insolent behsr
viour of the inhabitants as aforesaid and their refusing the
Oaths to His Most sacred Majesty and declaring they will
always be faithful to their good King of France as per their
declaration upon file.

Resolved that until the inhabitants aforesaid submit them-
selves and take the Oath of fidelity to His Majesty, conform
to the Laws of Great Britain, no vessel shall be permitted to
trade with them, until His Majesty's pleasure therein shall be
known.

At the same time the question was put to the vote agree-
able to the aforesaid minute of Tuesday the 6th of July 1725

* At Cbignecto and MinH.

ACADIAN FBENCH,

That it this Town was made the Mart whether it would not
redound to the benefit of this port, which was agreed to in the
aflSrmative.

»#»*#* Then it was ordered and agreed for the
encouragement of such of the French inhabitants of this
river and Capo Sables as had taken the Oaths to Hia Majesty
that it should be minuted, that they have the free liberty of
trade and fishing any where within this His Majesty's Pro-
vince of Nova Scotia, in the same manner as all other English
subjects, except going up the- Bay to Mines &c. during the
time of the disobedience of the inhabitants of those parts.

Then His Honor laid before the Board the Copy of a letter,
bearing date the 17th instant, which he sent to the Indians of
Passamaquady by one Simon of this place, upon a report that
the said Indians had expressed their being afraid of coining
here according to their desire, there being a false report
spread amongst them, that two English vessels had shewn
some hostilities by firing upon some Indians in the Gut of
Canso, which being read was approved of.

And it was also judged proper that His Honor should write
Circular letters to the Indians of this Province to come here
towards the fall in order to renew and confirm to them the
sincerity of his friendship in behalf of His Majesty by giving
them some small presents.

Ordered that the said circular letters be prepared.

L. ARMSTRONG
' Lieut. Govr.

At a Council held at the Lieut. Governor's house in His
Majesty's fort at Annapolis Royal on Tuesday the I2th Sep-
tember, 1727.

Present

The Honble. Lieut. Governor of the Province, John Adams
Esq., William Skene Esq., Christn. Aldridge Esq., Joseph
Bennett Esq, John Blower Esq.,

His Honor acquainted the Board that he did intend to pro-
pose the Oath to the French inhabitants, and to that purpose
he had caused an order to be prepared to be sent to the
Deputies to summon them to this place, against such time as
the Council should think meet — that as the people of Mines
had refused the Oath which was tendered to them, and taken
by the people here, to his late Majesty, on account, as they

NOVA SCOTIA ; DOCUUENTS.

pretend, of some harsh expressions, he had therefore some
thought of proposing no other Oath than that appointed by
Law to be taken, instead of the Oath of Allegiance. « ♦ «
Then His Honor caused the ajforesaid order to the Deputies
to be read to the Board, who, having approved thereof.
Resolved that the said order should be transmitted to the
Deputies forthwith, to assemble the inhabitants at this fort
against Saturday next, being the 16th instant, and that the
Oath appointed by law to be taken instead of that of Alle-
giance should be then tendered to them ; and that he should
embrace the first opportunity of a vessel that could be hired
to proclaim his Majesty throughout the Government. ♦ * *

L. ARMSTRONG,

Otho Hamilton Sec.

Lieut. Govr.

At a Council held at the Liisut. Governor's house in His
Majesty's fort of Annapolis Rc|yal on Saturday the 16th of
September 1727 a. m, i

The Honble. Lieut. Governor if{ the Province, John Adams
Esq.,* William Skene Esq,! Christr. Aldridge Esq., Joseph
Bennett Esq., John Blower Esq.,

An answer to the Lieut. Govts order of the 12th instant to
the Deputies to assemble the iijhabitants this day at the fort
to take the Oaths to His most Sacred Majesty King George
the 2nd, read, but not being sjibscribed, it was returned to
the three Deputies who preseqted it, who were ordered to
attend at 3 p'clock in the afternoon, together with the inhabit-
ants, and then adjourned the Bofird to that time.

P.M. Met according to adjournment. The Deputies being
admitted presented again the aforesaid paper subscribed by
about seventy one of the inhabitants, to His Hohor, who
desired the Board to take the same into consideration and to
give their opinions thereupon, i

• John Adama came from Boston. His appointment to the Council bears
date April 28th, 1730. He administered the Government, as senior Councillor,
on the death of Governor Armstrong, from December, 1739, until May follow-
ing. He returned to Boston in 1740, with the consent of the Council, having
been compelled from blindness to relinquish his duties at Annapolis. He after-
wards petitioned the British Government for some small remuneration for his
services while in command, being then reduced almost to a state of poverty. —
y. S. Council Book* ; Oovernor's LetUr$,

t Mr. Sktnc was a physician. The others were officers of the garrison.

ACADIAN FRENCH.

The Board having considered and advised upon the said

Eaper, resolved that the said paper is insolent rebellious and
ighly disrespectful to His Majesty's authority and Govern-
ment, that His Honor would therefore please to tender the
Oaths to the inhabitants, and in case of refusal to commit the
ring leaders to prison, whereupon- His Honor desired the
three Deputies Abraham Bourg, Charles Landry and Guillaume
Bourgois to be admitted and having tendered them the Oaths,
severally^they refused to take them on any other terms than
those set forth in their answer ; then Francis Richards who
had voluntarily taken the Oaths to His late Majesty, being
called ill, he likewise refused to take them to his present
Majesty, as did four or five more ; the rest of the inhabitants
having withdrawn themselves without coming to the fort or
seeing the Lieut. Governor.

Ordered that the three Deputies Abraham Bourg, Charles
Landry, and Guillaume Bourgois as also Francis Richards,
for their contempt and disrespect to His Majesty's Govern-
ment and authority, be committed to prison, and that the
other inhabitants for having refused the Oaths to His Majesty, ,
shall be debarred from fishing upon the British Coasts, till His -
Majesty's further pleasure shall be known concerning them,
pursuant to the 13th Article of Governor Philipps' instruc-
tions. * * ♦ * # »

L. ARMSTRONG,

Lieut. Govr.
Otho Hamilton* Sec.

Met at the same place according to yesterdays minute on
Sunday, the 17th of September 1727.

Present !

The Honble. Lieut. Governor and the same members as
then.

His Honor represented to the Board that the three Deputies
in prison had been guilty of several enormous crimes in
Assembling the inhabitants in a riotous manner Contrary to
the orders of the Government both as to time and place, and
likewise in framing a rebellious paper which they, instead of
complying with his orders to assemble the inhabitants at this

* Captain Hamilton was afterwards GoTemor of the Fort of Flasentia, is
Sewfoundland, and attained the rank of Major.

fe:

ril^

NOVA SCOTIA pOCUUENTS.

ACADIAB FBKNCH.

fort, signed and delivered in, aa their final resolution to take
no Oaths but upon their own terfns.

Taken into consideration the ^foresaid Deputies behaviour
in assembling the inhabitants the day before the time, and
above two miles from the place appointed and resolved that
Charles Landry, Guillaume Bourgois and Francis Richards,
for their said offence, and likewise for refusing the oath of
fidehty to His Majesty which wfts duly tendered them, be re-
manded to prison, laid in irons, and there remain till His
Majesty's pleasure shall be known concerning them, and

That Abraham Bourg, in con(sideration of his great age,
shall have leave to retire out of this His Majesty's Province,
according to his desire and proBiise by the first opportunity,
leaving his effects behind him. ♦ * * *

y L. ARMSTRONG

Otho Hamilton Sec.

Lieut. Govr.

At a Council held at the Hpnble. Lieut. Governor Arm-
strong's house on Monday the 13Jth November 1727

. Pbese

The Honble. Lieut. Governor ^f the Province
The Honblo. Lieut. Governor (jjf the Garrison
John Adams Esq, Joseph Bennjott Esq, John Blower Esq.

Ensign Robert Wroth deliverotl into tiie Board the Journal
and account of his proceeding and transaction up the Bay at
Mines and Checanectou &c, whidh was read.

Then the Honble. Lieut. Govprnor Cosby moved tliat his
instructions from Governor Armstrong might be read, as also
the Oaths taken by the inhabitai^ts on the Articles and con-
cessions granted by him, which beinff read, the Board after
some debate voted that the said Articles and Concessions are
unwarrantable and dishonorable to His Majesty's Government
and Authority, and consequently null and void, and that the
Lieut. Governor of the Province be desired not to ratify and
confirm the same.

Then Mr. Wroth was called in, and asked how he came to
grant such Articles answered . that he had in every respect
acted according to the best of his knowledge, and as he
thought for the good of His Majesty's service.

*♦*»## Jtosolved that the inhabitants of the

places aforesaid, having signed and proclaimed His Majesty
and thereby acknowledged his title and authority to and over
this Province, shall have the liberties and privileges of Eng-
lish subjects and that the trade to and from those parts be
open until His Majesty's pleasure therein shall be known.

# » # » # Then a motion was made by the Honble.
Lt. Govr. Cosby that the inhabitants be admitted to take
the Oath of Allegiance to His most Sacred Majesty King
George, upon their requiring the same of any member of the
Board. ***#«»###

Otho HiMiLTON, Sec.

L. ARMSTRONG

Lieut. Governor.

Governor Armstrong to Secretary of State.

Annapolis Royal

Novr. 17th 1727.
May it please your Grace.

******! laid before the Board
the Reports of two of the officers whom I had commissioned
and sent to Mines and Checanectou to invite the people there-
to a due submission and obedience to the Government by
swearing allogiance to His Majesty, which was a duty 1
thought I had«a seasonable opportunity, to press them to, on
the conclusion of a War which their friends the Indians had
managed with very ill suoceSs. I likewise laid before them
the Iniiabitants' answer, copies of which accompany the
duplicate of my last.

The Council was of opinion that both their answers but
especially that of Checanectou was full of Insolence and con-
tempt.

However being resolved to act with as little precipitation
as possible I moved that the Secry. should write them a Civil
letter to invite the principal men among them hither in order
to reason with them on their undutiful behaviour, and to con-
vince them if possible of the folly and danger of persisting in
their disobedience with so much obstinacy ; but this had no
other effect than to make their contempt of the Government
more manifest ; and I am sorry to tell your Grace that this pro-
ceeds very much from the base suggestions of one or two
Traders who have left no stone unturned to render my actions
black, and designs abortive to the great prejudice of His Ma-
jesty's service and interest here.

I..

MOVA BCOTIi bOOUUEMTS.

None of the inhabiUnts appearing here on the aforesaid
lottor, I thought it waa iiigh timp to do something to niise the
authority of tho Government which was sunk so low and
become contemptible by their jiaving escaped hitiierto with
impunity notwithstanding thciri having committed so many
villanies and robberies as would be endless to relate.

• * * * I must nojw beg your Grace^s leave to
open a new scene of matters thit happened upon the death of
his late Majesty of blessed memory. After I had proclaimed
his present Majesty, King Qgorge the 2nd both in Town
and Garrison, with the usual splcmnity, I tendered to both
officers and soldiers the oaths Appointed by law, which they
took very cheerfully, and having summoned the Council, it
was agreed to tender them likewise to the French Inhabitants
of this River who had taken them to the late King, but be*
cause some maliciou.s people Ipd insinuated that the Oath
taken by them to his late Majesty was conceived in such
rigid terms that it was unjust to exact it of Roman Catholics,
who on the other hand would urianimously concur to take the
Oath of Allegiance ; it was therefore thought meet to tender
the same to them translated intd French as follows vizt :

Je promets <fe jure sinceremeOt que je serai iidele & obeirai
v^ritablement k sa Majeste Le Roy George Second.

Ainsi Dieu me soit en aide.

The Deputies desired me to pet a day to assemble the In-
habitants at the Fort and to giv0 them an order for that pur-
pose, which I ordered to be dra^vn and the same being read
and examined in Council, was approved of and ordered to be
forwarded to the Deputies Bourg Landry <fe Bourgeois, but
they instead of complying therewith assembled the people
two days successively up the River, where instead of per-
suading them to their duty by solid arguments of which they
were not incapable, they friglijtened and terrified them, by
representing the Oath so strong and binding that neither they
nor their children should ever shake oflF the yoke, so that by
their example and insinuations the whole body of the people
almost to a man refused them, but upon certain conditions set
forth in a paper the deputies presented me with, whereof I
send your Grace a Copy No. 5, (annexed to my order) which,
being read in Council was judged so very insolent & unde-
served at their hands, that it was ordered that Landry and
Bourgois should bo sent to prison, and laid in Irons as Ring-
leaders, where they continued some days, but were at last
admitted to bail till His M^gesty's pleasure therein should be

iiFJi-P ^^.JWJlBaiiiii. lu-

iOinUM FBKMCB. |1

known, which I oarnostly bog Your Grnoo will please to tend
me with diroctioni how to proceed ai well in regard to them
«g the other Inhabitants whom the Council hai ttiought lit to
debar fVom Fishing, pursuant to his late Majesty's instruotioni,
Art. 13, and from Navigating otherwise than according to law.

Pursuant to the order of His Mtyosty's most Honble. Privy
Council and the directions of the Lords Commissioners of
Trade and Plantations, to proclaim His Majesty in all the
proper parts of the Government, I have chartered a vessel for
that voyage for XI 00 Sterling, and have put on board a Coim-
missioned Officer with a command of Soldiers, who after a
long and uncomfortable Voyage is now returned. I cannot
say but the gentleman has acted very well as far as the pro-
claiming of His Majesty, but in tendering the Oaths he has
fallen into very great errors by making some unwarrantable
concessions which I have refused to ratify, but the Council
has thought meet to transmit home a Copy No. 6, of his whole
proceedings for Your Graces perusal, that His Majesty may see
the presumption and unparallelled impudence of those people.
I have within tliese few days received advice by an
express sent me by the Lieut. Governor of New England
of some murders and other hostilities committed on His Majes-
ty's subjects by some Indians within 15 leagues of Canso, and
by a letter from Monsieur St. Ovide, of their having seized a
Sloop and Cargo at Port le Basque in Newfoundland.

♦ # # # Notwithstanding the French Governor's apolo-
gy I am convinced that the French are at the Bottom con-
cerned in order to disturb and discourage our Fishery. * * *

The Military Officers, who are the only subjects His Majesty
has here who are any ways qualified for that service, (Coun-
cillors) will think it hard to be subjected to others, since His
Majesty has not three faithful subjects in the place beside*
themselves and the Troops they command.

Your obt. servant,

L. ARMSTRONG.

G&vernor Armstrong to the Duke of Newcastle.

Annapolis Rotal'
July 9th 172».

Mt Lobd, —

# # » * I beg leave further to observe to
Your Grace that the great lenity of the Government is in
some measure the cause of the people's disobedience, for I

NOVA SCOTIA DOCOMBarW.

have no warrant nor Authority! by His Majesties Royal Com-
mission and Instructions to Gfovemor Philipps to proceed
further against them that refusp the oaths, than only to debar
them from Fishing during His Majesties pleasure, which
restraint many of them are willing to bear with in hopes ot
gome speedy revolution or change of Government which thev
are encouraged by their Priests and neighbouring French
Governors to look for very soot ; however I can hardly think
that when matters are brought to the push, either to swear
or go that they will persist in their disobedience, so far as to
quit their plantations and improvements to settle newCoromes
tho' they want neither invitations or promises from the Islands
of Cape Breton and St. Johns, for that purpose.

I acquainted Your Grace in iny last of several Murders and
robberies committed by the Indians in this Province and
Newfoundland last fall, which manifestly appear to have beew
done through the instigations, jf not by the asaistance oi the
French ; I am since advised th»t a great body of those people
made an appearance near Cans© last winter, as if thev intended
to attempt some misohiof, but) at last retired without^oom-

mitting any Hostilities. * ^ * . * * *

I am ao.

His Majesty's

Principal Secretary
of State.

L. ARMSTEONG,

Extract from a Letter qf Odvr. Jrmtrong to the Lordi qf

Tr^de.

Ammapous ROTAt

28 June 1720.

The first person I shall tike notice of for his notorions
insolence is Monsieur Rrosley the Popish Priest of this river,
who having for some time past endeavoured to withdraw the
people from their dependance on H. M. Qovornment by
ansuming to himself the authority of a Judge in Civil affairs
and Employing his Spiritual Censures to force them to a
submission. His insolence and tyranny growing at last insup-
porUble I sent the Adjutant to him to his house which stands
a little way from the Port to desire to speak with nnn, but his
intelligence proved so good tho' nobody was acquainted there-
with but Major Cosby that before the Adjutant could reach
his house he was gone off, and has ever since absconded some

ACADIAN FBBNCH. IS

where in the Woods about this River among the Indiana
pursuing his former practices of obstructing fi. M. service
and exciting the savages to mischief. To prevent which 1
thought proper by an order, published at the Mass House to
command him to be gone out of the province in a month's
time.

Cfovernor Philipps to the Duke of Newcastle.*

Annapolis Royal
January 3rd 1729.
My Lord Duke, —

***•*! have appointed the next
week for the receiving the submission of the French Inhabit-
ants of this River, and am assured that those of Minas and
the other settlements at the head of the Groat Bay of Fundi
are resolved to follow their example, but the winter being set
in, and no possibility of having it done till the Navigation
becomes practicable, will see it finished before I set out for
Oanso ana transmit an account thereof

Thus far a duplicate of my last.

As the bringing the French Inhabitants of this Province
to aa entire suuraission and due allegiance to the King (who
are at this time a great body of people) has been thought a
work of very great consequence to its safety and welfare,.
«nd therefore takes up a considerable part in His Majesty's
Instructions to the Governor ; Your Grace will now see by
the enclosed Parchments and the progress made therein in
less than three weeks, that I have nad that matter at heart
and my hopes of succeeding not to have been ill-grounded.

"The subscribers thereto are the whole settlement of this
River to a man, from Sixteen years of age upwards, whereto
they are pleased to express that the good likuuig they have to
my Government in comparison of what they experienced after'
wards, did not a little contribute, and therefore reserved this
honor for me ; indeed I have haci no occasion to make use of
^ threats or compulsion, nor have I prostituted the King's Honor
in making a scandalous capitulation in his name and contrary

* Thomai Pelham Hollei, Duke of Newctitle, wai the ton of Lord Ft- Iham
by l«dy Grace Holies, lister to John Holies, Duke of Newcastle, and assumed
the name of Holies under the will of his uncle. He was born in the year 11193,
and after occupying several important posts under the Crown, was appointed
one of His Mujetty's principal Secretaries of 6tat.> in the.year 1724, and again
appointed to the same office in 1746. He held office until 1764, and wa« luc-
eeeded by Sir Thomas Kobinion.— CoUtM' Pteragt.

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AOADIAM FBENCB.

v-.<; "

ambiguity so as to convince the people upon occasion that
they are not under any obligation to be faithful to His Majesty,
which might have been avoided, if the Oath had run in the
following terms " Je Promets et jure sincerement en foy de
" Chrestien que je serois entierement fidelle a Sa Majesty le
" Roy George le second que je reconnais pour le Souverain
" seigneur de la nouvelle Ecosse et de L'acadie et que je lui
" obeirais vraymont.

Ainsi Dieu me Soit en Aide."

{ I am.

Sir,
Your must humble servant,

A. POPPLE.

To Colonel Philipps.

Lords of Trade to Governor Philipps.

Whitehall,

20th May, 1730.
Sib,—

* * * * As to the French Inhabitants who shall take
the Oaths, it must be esteemed by them as a mark of His Ma-
jesty's goodness that they have not long since been obliged
to quit their settlements in Nova Scotia, according to the
terms of the treaty of Utrecht, not having till now taken the
Oaths of Allegiance to His Majesty ; it is to be feared we
cannot much depend upon them in case of a rupture, notwith-
standing this compliance, and therefore though it might not
be amiss that they should take new Grants of their respective
Plantations, there seems to be no reason why they should not
in that case pay the same quit Rents with the rest of His
Majesty's subjects. So we bid you heartily farewell and are

Your very loving friends
• and humble servants,

WESTMORELAND,
1 P. POEMINIQDE,

M. BLADIN,
0. BRIDGEMAN,
J. BRUDENELL,
A. CROFT.
To Colonel Philipps.

8«

Hovi Bcorrk DocuHErra,

Ghvr. PUKppa to the Duke of Newcastle.
(Lettet Book.)

I Canso,
Mt Lord Dcke,- ' ^"P*- ^"'i 1730

,*.*.* * I have done mvself the honor by every onnor»
tunity since my return to thfs Government of aeqSbs
your Gmce w.th the state and posture of affairs ther^L as fa?
as they occurred to me.

PrSl""^ '*l* ^'■°"' ^'"^*Po'i« I^^yaf, dated January 3d, your
Grace may have perceived th^t I applied myself particularly

tl cS Tc^'Tl I"^^^'h"t^ ^ ^-^bmit themselves to
the Crown of Great Britain by swearing allegiance to His
Ma esty, a work which became daily more necesfary in regard
to the great increase of those people, who are at this d!y a
formidable body and like Noih's progeny spread! i Zm

acquainted that for twenty yefrs past, they have continued
stubborn and refractory upon ill summons of this kind but
having essayed the difference pf Government in my abs;nce

ren^ir^f .f ^'^T "'^^'''^'' ^° comply with what I should
require of them at my return, fi>r whicl/ reason I judged no
time so proper to set about it as^t my first arrival among them!
beginning with the settlements in this River of AnnapoUs

^vffl P "^ Y" Zf ^ '^'^^'^^^ t'^'^'-e, Your Grace haLen
by the Parchment transmitted, Which was a Duplicate of what

sTgnTdT "^*''° ^'"■' °f" '^' *° '^^^ ^^« ^^-^^^ ^-S

I acquainted your Grace at tie same time of my purpose to

up) where the gross of the Inhkbit^xnts are settled to finish
he work so well begun which I have the satisfaction to have

late your Grace on the entire sijbmission of all those' so long
obstinate people, and His Majfcsty on the acquisition of so
manj subjects ; a duplicate of the instrument to which they
have sworn and signed* goes herewith and is Exclusive of th^
other transmitted from Annapolis; they are all married and
may be computed at five in a Hily one with another by which

4ocumVnr "^ ** ^"'^ ''"' ''^"'^ ^ " '^ "^ ^""""^ """"B 'he Nova Scotia

ACADUH FBENOH.

your Grace will find the number of those people at this day
adding to the number about Fifty stragling families who wait
my return to Annapolis.

The greatest obstruction that I apprehended to meet with in
the course of this affair was from the Indians who I had
notice givep me had taken tlie alarm, and were assembled in
boddies to/know what was upon the Anvil, but by good man-
agement plain reasoning and presents which I had prepared
for them they were brought into so good temper that instead
of giving any disturbance they made their own submission to
the English Government in their manner, and with dancing
and Hizzaa parted with great satisfaction.

Thus far the peace of the Country is settled with a pros-
pect of continuance at least so long as the union subsists be-
twixt the two Crowns, but to be secure in all events requires
^rther precautions, for its certain that all tlie safety of this
Province depends absolutely upon the Continuance of that
union, when that ceases the Country becomes an Easy pray to
our neighbours. *****

with &c &c

„ „. R. PHILIPPS.

To His Grace the Duke of Newcastle.

Chvr. Philipjpa to the Lords of Trade.

•• ' Anmapolis Royal

I November 26th 1730.
My Lobds,— ■ I

. * * . * * Being now much indisposed and fatigued
with voyaging from almost one end of the Province to t'other
and the vessels- herein being in haste to get home tis almost
as much as I am able to do to prepare duplicates of what
papers were sent from Canso, from which place, I had the
honor of writing to Your Lordships, and I am to acquaint
you, that this duplicate of the Inhabitants up the Bay's sub-
mission contains the additional names (marked therein) of
those who I mentioned not to be come in at that time, so that
there remains now not more than five or six scattering fami-
lies on the Eastern coast to complete the submission of the
whole Province, whom I shall call upon in the spring.

I am sorry to find Your Lordships think the Oath which
the Inhabitants of this River have taken not to be well
worded, I used my best understanding in the forming of it

NOTi scorn DOCtnraNTB.

and thought I had made it stronger then the original Engh'sh,
by adding the words, "en /aide Chretien'' and ^quejerec(m-
luna" <fec., the word fidele is tlje only one I could find in the
aictionary to express allegiance and am told by French men
that both it and ob^ir govern a dative case, and the conjunction,
rf, between makes both of them to refer to the Person of the
Kmg, according as I have learned grammar, and I humbly
conceive that the Jesuits wduld aa easily explain away the
strongest oaths that could be possibly framed as not binding
on papists to what they call a Heretic. Your Lordsliips will
observe the oath that has beet afterwards given to the body
of the Inhabitants up the Bay of Fundy, to be varied ; it was
upon occasion of their thinking the other too strong. I
believe Your Lordships will think this not liable to the same
objection as the other, and noi at all weakened in the altera-
tion. » # - - -

'am <t;c

The Right Honble.

The Lords Commissiors

For Trade & Plantation.

fi. PHILIPPS.

Chvr. Armstrong to (he French Deputies.

(Letteij Book. )

Gentlemen, —

Though I doubt not youi have heard of my Return and
amvall here, I have nevertheless judged proper to Signify it
to yon myself by this opportunity and to acquaint you that as
I have nothing more in view than your particular Interests,
and the Welfere of this His Majesty's province in general. So,
I hope for and Expect Your Cpncurrance and ready comply-
ance with what may be proposed for the promotion of Both, '
To Either of Which you shall always find me to contribute
while undistinguished and by you noways prefer'd to his
Majesty's Service, by which y^u'l allow that as I am enjoyn'd
to administer impartially to all; that I may therefore not only
expect But Even Require a Jsuiteable Behaviour from all to
which I flatter myself there Will bo amongst you but few if
any objections.

His Majesty having appoiclted me to succeed Governor
Philipps, who is ordered to Return to Great Britain, I Recom-

ACADIAN FBENCH.

mend to your care the Inclosed proclamation, which he left
here to be published, and hope you will have a due Regard to
the Same, and the Sooner you Come, in obedience thereunto,
it will be for your own advantage, and I shall only tell you
that due attendance Shall bo given to do Each of you Justice,
aa your Case may appear. Hearing that there is an Appear-
ance of Scarcity of Grain, The Messeiiger I have Therefore
sent Express to know the truth of th^se Reports, and to be
inform'd what quantity of Wheat and pease you can Supply
me with, for the Support of His Majesty's Garrison, and at
the same time to put you in mind of the necessitys of Several
Inhabitants in this River. Pray treat the Messenger Candidly
and Dispatch him with as Certain and particular advice aa
possible, that I may noways be put to the Necessity of Want.
The quantity I require for the Garrison is two hundred Quin-
teala of Biskett and Sixty Hogsheads of pease, for which,
according to the Information you may send me, shall order
you payment, by Messrs. Bissett Donald and Blin, with which
I hope you'l make no Difficulty ; and as I have Also, at the
Request of the Gentlemen here Agreed with Nigan Robichaux
to go and purchase Sheep and Black Cattle amongst you, and
to bring them hither, I shall by the said merchants likewise
order you payment and I hope you'l Encourage what may
prove of so Great advantage to yourselves & therefore l
conclude

Gentlemen Your moat humble Servt.

Annapolis Royall 30 Auguat 1731.

L. ARMSTRONG.

SlB,-

A true Record by Hia Honours Command,

W. SHIRREFP, Secty.

Governor Armstrong to Alexander Bourg, Notary.
(Lett. Book.)

Annapolis Royal 18 Dec. 1731.

I might have expected from you, not only as you are one
of the Deputya, But by the Office you Bear in the Govern-
ment (by Governor Philippa's Appointment) an Immediate
aQd|Strict Complyance with all its orders, as also, advise of

MOVA ICOTiA DOCDMBNTB.

OTU.

ACADIAN FBBNOB.

all those, who at an^ time ma;^ either Contemn, or oot Comply
therewith, with their Reason* for So doing, But vour Disres-
pect to me in not answering my said letters, tho' in answer to
one, I acknowledged the Receipt of from you, makes me
almost think, that the Spirit of Disobedience is So Rooted
Amongst you, that the true loyalty you owe to my Master,
His Britannick Majesty Your Sovereign, can Scarcely ba
Expected, which I must believe till You Give more Convincing
proofs.of your obedience, which as I would be Glad to See,
I shall always Encourage, an4 having now also wrote to the
Deputys, I desire you will assemble them, and that you will
Give me an account of all proceedings with the Inhabitants,
to whom I Desire my Said letjters may be published, and that
you and the other Deputes will Signify to me, whether they
will or will not Comply with these orders already sent you.
I am

Sir
Your humble Servt

oAxi ^^ , - ^- ARMSTRONG

30th December 1731

W. Shiebeff Secry

[copy.]

»1

Oov. Armstrong to thh Deputies of Pisiquid.
(Letter Book.)

Gentlemen, —

Having wrote to you the 30th of August last. Signifying
to you my arrival, and therewith Sent you Governor Philipps's
proclamation, and having since sent you the Sentiments of His
Majesty's Council, in Relation to the Surveying of your Es-
tates, for the Better preventing Disputes, and the other Dif-
ferences that daily arise amongst the Inhabitants, I am sur-
prized to find you So very DisrespectfuU as to give me no
manner of Answer to Either, there being nothing there Re-
quired, but what is Equitable atod advantsigeous to your Selves.
I shall be sorry of any occasion of Charging you with Con-
tempt to his Majesty's Government under which you have,
and still may Enjoy So many piiviledges, and therefore let me
advise you to consider your o\^n Interests, which Depend so
much upon your Dutifull Beha,viour, and fail not to send me a
Distinct and particular Answer to these letters already sent
you, as to which I have also again wrote to Mr. Bourg and the

Deputys of Menis Requiring them to publish the same to the
inhabitants, and desire you will do the Same amongst those in
your District of Cobuqnit who I hope will also Contribute in
Assisting me with some Supplys of Grain to be sent me Early
in the Spring for the Support of his Majestys Garrison, as to
which I have sent Mr. Samuel Cottenham to troet with you for
Buch things as are needful), and do hereby Confirm what he
may do in that Respect, and shall Accordingly order you
punctual payment and am. Gentlemen

Your most hum. servt

Annapolis Royall, 18 Decembr. 1731.
30 xber 1731.

W. Shibbeff, Secy.
[copy.]

L. ARMSTRONG.

Governor Armstro7ig to Lords of Trade.

Annapolis Royal

„ - 6th October 1731

My Lobds, —

.,* , * * * * Your Lordships in Your afore
recited letter, have a just notion of our French Inhabitants,
but as they have taken the Oath of Fidelity, and thereby
admitted to the privileges and liberty of subjects, I beg Your
Lordships to inform me how far they or their Seigniors are
entitled to lands abandoned ever since the reduction of this
place, and other waste and uncultivated lands to which espe-
cially since their taking the oath they lay claim, and plead
the treaty of Utrecht, tho' for these many Years noways
cultivated or improven, which if they are to enjoy without a
hmitation of certain conditions, the Country will in a great
measure remain a wilderness, and there will be scarce one
acre left, especially in this place, to be granted to protestant
subjects, who are much desired, and for whom room might be
found here, if these Seigniors did not thus pretend a right to
the greatest part, if not the whole Province, without comply-
ing with such conditions as may be naturally conjectured, that
first moved his most Christian Majesty to make such conces-
sions, which if not remedied, will render this part of the
Province a continual expence, and of no advantage to his
Majesty, for whose use, there is not an inhabitant that pays a
rarthing rent towards the defraying of such necessary charges

NOTA SCOTIA

DOCtnt^MTS.

that attends all governments, e^s to which the genHemen of
the Council, who are daily emplt)j'ed and harrassed with their
afiFairs (there being no other Court of Judicature) do and that ^
not without reason complain, in whose behalf I humbly recom-
mend to Your Lordships, to sdnd us a table of fees, bpth in
that respect, and the giving of grants, for wax and other kind
of stationary ware here, is verjr dear and expensive, and its
hoped that an annual supply thereof may be ordered us from
Britain.

I must also beg leave to recopimend to Your Lordships the
necessity of having the French Inhabitants estates surveyed
and measured, because otherwjse it will be impossible ever
to lay before Your Lordships iny just plan of this Country,
for its said that some, if not all, of them possess and claim
greater tracts, than they are anv ways entitled to, and in case
you approve thereof, I desire you will signify the same, and
who is to be at the expense in so doing, and whether it is not
necessary, as they refuse to renew and take grants from the
Government, that their French grants should be recorded.

They are a very ungovernable people and growing very
numerous, and the method of treating with them upon any
subject, is by their deputies, of whom with the Council Ac.
till supplied with more proper members if their might be a
small Assembly constituted tl^ey in time may be perhapg
brought through their own free and voluntary acts to pay a
greater obedience to the Government, and contribute to its
support, and as Civil Magistrates are much wanted, I entreat
Your Lordships directions for appointing at least some justices
of the Peace, and other inferior Officers amongst them, to act
in things especially that may relate to themselves, with such
decorum as may oblige them still further to depend iipon the
Government by giving us information of the behaviour and
clandestine proceedings of the rest.

I have signified to Your Lordships, that there's several
people who have petitioned for grants ; some of them are for
small plots, in and adjacent Ifo this Town for Houses and
Gardens, and others for tract* fit for Farms, at Mines, but
especially by several Young pleople who have settled them-
selves, some years ago, at a place called Chippody in the Bay,
not far from Chickenectua, Where, if upon the surveyors
report there is no Woods proper for masting, I presume grants
may be made out for the gama, without being interpreted a
breach of any Article of the Instructions, tho' not laid out
exactly in the same form as there directed, which I shall

ACADIAN FBINCH.

recommend to the Surveyor to do, as near as circum-
stances will permit. These peoples petitions were recom-
mended by Governor Philipps before his departure, to
the consideration of the Council, who finding some dis-
putes were amongst them, deferred the same till these
differences were accommodated, and for that purpose Gover-
nor Philipps by proclamation signified it to them, and appoint-
ed them by the 10th of April next, to appear to make out
their respective claims. I am so far, my Lords, of opinion,
that if grants be given to these new planters, that the others
may be thereby induced to renew their old Grants and hold
immediately of His Majesty, and not of these Seigniors, who
in my opinion have forleited their rights, through Non-perform-
ance of the conditions, but if in this I differ from Your Lord-
ships, I still think it necessary, that these Seigniors, should at
least renew their grants, and pay the appointed quit rent &c.
to His Majesty, Avhich I think is but just, seeing they receive
their rents annually from the other Inhabitants, as to which
likewise I beg your Lordships advice. Ever since the reduc-
tion of this place, there hath been strange juggling amongst
these Seigniors, as well as the other Inhabitants, who, as heirs,
pretend a right of possession to tlie Estates of those who left
the country even at the capitulation ; and others pretend to
have bought of those that went away. By virtue of Her late
Majesty's letter, dated the 23rd June 1713, tis true that Her
Majesty gives liberty to such of the French as had a mind, to
retire into the bounds and dominions of the French King, to
sell their estates, but its presumed only, those who had
remained in the Province, till that time were entitled to the
advantages therein mentioned, and not those who had abandon-
ed and left their Estates, at the reduction of the place, in the
year 1710 ; in relation to which there being several disputes,
I must entreat your Lordships' opinion, in order to decide the
same. If Her Majesty's letter can be interpreted to all in
general, certain it is, that we shall never be without Seigniors,
whereas, if only in favor of such as were then in the Country,
part of these Seigniors estates now belong to His Majesty,
and I have been told, that rents have been remitted from
hence to some in the Dominions of France which tho' it may
be forbid, cannot be easily prevented here, no more than their
clandestine Trade with the people of Cape Breton, whither
they transport annually above throe or four hundred head of
cattle, besides Sheep and other provisions, to the great preju-
dice of this Province, which can only be prevented by having

wmmfmmm

KOTA SCOni DOCCVENTB.

% Sloop to cruize upon the Eastern Coast, and in the Bay of
Vert. » * • . * # #

I {jm &c.

L. ARMSTRONG.

(iow. Armstrong io Lords of Trade.

Aniupolis Royal,

„ ^ 16 November 1731

iir Lords,—

The aforeffoing beinsf a Duplicate of ray letter to your
liordships the 8th of October jast, I hope your Lordships will
favor me with Buch directions as the facts tliorein related re-

Suires, for otherways, it will be a difficult matter to bring
lose people, to any reasonable terms of obedience to Hw
M^esty's Oovernment, or even to any manner of good order '
and decency amongst themselves ; for tho' they are a litigiom '.
sort of people, and so ill natuBed to one another, as daily to 1
encroach upon their neighbouils properties, which occasions
continual complaints, and which were partly the cause of
some of the Paragraphs of my ^fore recited letter, yet they all
unanimously agree in opposint every order of Oovernment,
tho never so conducive to their own interest, as I presume
your Lordships will observe by their answer to the instrument
I issued, by the advice of the Oouncii, on Wednesday the 13th
of October last, all which I haVe, by this opportunity, thought
proper to transmit for your Lordships' further information,
and advice thereon— being with much respect <fec.

I am i&c. &o.

To the Bight Honble.

the Lords Commrs. of
Trade & Plantation!

L. ARMSTRONG.

Extract from a Letter of Ooiemor Armstrong to Lords of
Trade, dated

Annapolis Royal,

10th June, 1732.

• , ^'^'^o"* some Statutes ^his Province can never be

rightly settled; Especially seeing the French here upon

every frivolous dispute, plead tho laws of Paris, and from

that pretended authority contemn all tho orders of the Go-

AOADIAM FBENCH.

ffS

vemment, and follow the dictates of their Priests and the
Bishop of Quebec for those of Cape Breton) who ordeis not
only the building of Churches here, but sends whom and what
number of Priests he may think proper, and in all other
affairs takes the same liberty, wherefore I have judged proper
to transmit the enclosed letters No. 4, 5, 6 from Priest de
Godalie, wherein he contradicts himself, and No. 7, 8 are mine
to him ; notwithstanding whereof, and my positive orders to
the deputies, he conveyed tho young man therein mentioned
out of the Province ; so that without some particular direc-
tions in relation to the insolent behaviour of those Priests, tho
people will never bo brought to obodienco, being by thorn
incited to daily acts oi rebellion.

I must also acquaint your Lordships that a small Colony of
French have settled thomselvei in tho St. Johns River, upon
the North side of tho Bay of Pundy. who despise and coo-
temii all authority here as the declaration of one Rene le
Blanc inhabitant at Menis, No. 9, whereupon I sent them tho
enclosed Summons No. 10, to which, as yet, 1 have no answer.

Governor Armstrong to Priest Oodatie.
(LeUer Book.)

Annapolis Royall, 20 Aprile 1732.

SlB,—

Since my last to you of 28th March last In Relation to
the Church at Cobaquit, and the preists mentioned in yours of
the 18th of September last, I have seen one from you to Mr.
Gaulen of the 8 Instant, and as I have signifyd to you my
displeasure for your activeness therein, I am no less dis-
satisfy'd A surpris'd at your presumption not only in conceal
ing from me any of His Majesty's subjects who may at any
time desert his service, But Even in Endeavoring to incite
them so to do by your Entertaining of them, in order to draw
them from their allegiance, and to make them your proselytes.
Such audacious practices and attempts upon any of his Bri-
tannick Majestys protestant subjects, Especially within any of
his Dominions, I do assure you I will resent, and I desire
therefore, if you have any regard, Either for yourself, or
Even for any of your function, that may succeed you in thos&
his Majesty's Dominions, you will deliver that young man
mentioned in said letter to the Deputys, to whom I have sent

[■

HOVA SCOTIA nOCUMEHTS.

an order to send him hither, and ^o Require your Complyance
thereto; and as it is provided by the Uth Article of the
treaty of Utrecht. That the Inhabitants shall Enjoy the Exer-
cise of their Religion, as far as tjie laws of Great Britain Do
allow the same, I have hereunto subjoined a Copy of the said
Article for your and their perusal, that you may be ware ot
Incroaching upon the same. I a|m Sir ^

your

[COPY.]

W. Shireeff.

most humble servtf

L. ARMS'htONCL^

Gov. Armstrong to M. St. Ovide, Governor of Cape Breton.

(Letter Book.)

Annai^olis Rotall 17 June 1732.

Sib, — J . , V i-

The Inhabitants of this River having made application
to me for a Preist, I have therefore (in answer to the prayer
of their petition) sent you this^ that you may Consider their
Demand, which (as long as it miay be agreeable to the treaty
of Utrecht) I shall always agreq to, and therefore I desrre (to
prevent all suspicion that way, it Being agreeable to the
Intensions of the two Crowns to live in friendship) that yon
will send hither two Preists |of known probity, that will
Behave themselves in the Exejcution of their Ecclesiastical
Office, with Such Discretion as: may be agreeable to the laws
of Great Britain, to which thej said treaty refers, and in so
Doing, I Do assure you that they shall always Enjoy the
libertjrs therein Stipulated, and all the protection thereby
Required, according to their merit. , „ ., . i

This comes by Captain Bisse 1, a Subject of Britain, whom
I Recommend to your favour, having found him an honest
man, and as Oaulier is to fojlow him, I shall send you a
Duplicate of this, and hope thase Priests now wrote for will
Come by him, to Supply tlie vaccancy of this place, and that
of Menis, through the Default of De Godahe, who has not
only acted and behaved himsalf Basely. But to Excuse him-
•elf, hath in his letters Given hirasolf the lye. Therefore 1
roust tell you, that he has not behaved himself like a man ot
Honour; and for that and his other Impudent presumption*
in this His Britanick Majesty's Dominions, I have ordered
him to depart this province, as I «m resolved to do with all

ACADIAN F&ENOB.

Such of his function, that Dont Behave themselves according
to the laws of Great Britain, which I seriously Recommend
to your Consideration, and with Respect Subscribe myself
Sir ^

Your most obedt hnmhl Servt
W. SHiBhEFP Secy. L. ARMSTRONG.

St Ovide De Brouillan,

At a Council by Order of the Honble. Lieut. Governor
Armstrong on Tuesday the 25th of July, 1732, at 11 o'clock

A. M. '

Pbesent: —

The Honble. th^ Lieut. Govr. of the Province,

Major Paul Mascarene,

John Adams Esq., William Skene, Esq., William Shirreff,
Secretary, Major Henry Cope, WiUiam Winniet, Esq., Otho
Hamilton, Esq.

* * * * His Honor Communicated to the Board that
he had given orders to one at Menis for building a magazine
there, and that he had been informed that the person whom he
had thus employed, had been insulted and interrupted by the
Indians, in the execution of that work, and as Major Cope
had arrived here from hence, he desired the Major to relate to
the Board what he there heard and saw, which was as follows •
vizt,

"One Thursday evening the 13th instant there came into
Rene Le Blanc's House, at Menis, three Indians vizt. Jacque
son to Winaguadishnick named Jacques, Antoin, his brother,
and Andress their cousin, all living upon Piziquit River, who in
a most villanous manner, and approbrious language, insulted
the said Rene Le Blanc and Peter his brother, saying that all
the Le Blanc's were dogs, and villians except Francois and that
as for Rene, he had a dagger (putting his hand at the same
time under his coat where tis supposed the dagger hung) for
him, for that he was going to build a Port for the English (Mr,
Cottnam and myself present) when I assured them, there was
no such thing or order given at present, but suppose the King
of Great Britain thought it convenient to build a fort there,
who had any thing to say aKainst it ; one of them answered
that he would not snffer it, for that he was King of that
Oountryj for that King George had conquered Annapolis, but
not Menis ; and in a most insolent manner, order Mr. Cotlnam

KOVl SCOTIA KOCUMHTTS. y

an order to send him hither, and do Require your Complyance
thereto; and as it is provided by the 1 4th Article of the
treaty of Utrecht, That the Inhflhitants shall Enpy the Exer-
cise of their Religion, as far as t|»e laws of Great Britain Do
allow the same, I have hereunto subjomod a Copy of the said
Article for your and their perusal, that you may be ware ot
Incroaching upon the same. I s^m Sir

your most humble servt

[COPY.]

W. Shirbeff.

L. ARMSTRONG.

Oov. Armdrong to M. St. Ovide, Governor of Cape Breton.

(Letter Book.)
I Anna^lis Royall 17 June 1732.

' The Inhabitants of this River having made application,
to iie for a Preist, I have therefore (in answer to the prayer
of their petition) sent you this, that you may Consider their
Demand, which (as long as it n?ay be agreeable to the treaty
of Utrecht) I shall always agred to, and therefore I desire (to
prevent aU suspicion that wat, it Being agreeable to the
Intensions of the two Crowns t> live in friendship) that you
will send hither. two Preists of known probity, that will
Behave themselves in the Execution of their Ecclesiastical
Office, with Such Discretion as may be agreeable to the laws
of Great Britain, to which the! said treaty refers, and in so

Doing, I Do assure you that

they shall always Enjoy the

libertys therein Stipulated, ai^d all the protection thereby
Required, according to their merit. „ „ . . ,

This comes by Captain Bissejll, a Subject of Britain, whom
I Recommend to your favour] having found him an honest
man, and as Gaulier is to follow him, I shall send you a
Duplicate of this, and hope th^se Priests now wrote for will
Come by him, to Supply the vftccancy of this place, and that
of Menis, through the Defaull; of De Godahe, who has not
only acted and behaved himself Basely, But to Excuse him-
Belf, hath in his letters Given himself the lye. Therefore I
must tell you, that he has not behaved himself like a man ot
Honour; and for that and his : other Impudent presumption*
in this His BritSnick Majesty's Dominions, I have ordered
him to depart this province, ap I am resolved to do with all

lOADIAM FBENCH.

Such of hie function, that Dont Behave themselves according
to the laws of Great Britain, which I seriously Recommend
to your Consideration, and with Respect Subscribe myself
Sir
Your most obedt hnmbl Servt
W. Shirrefp Secy. L. ARMSTRONG.

St. Ovide De Brouillan.

At a Council by Order of the Honble. Lieut. Governor
Armstrong on Tuesday the 25th of July, 1732. at 11 o'clock

A.M.

Present —

The Honble. the Lieut. Govr. of the Province,

Major Paul Mascarene,

John Adams Esq., William Skene, Esq., William Shirreff,
Secretary, Major Henry Cope, William Winuiet, Esq., Otho
Hamilton, Esq.

* * * * His Honor Communicated tq"th6 Board that
he had given orders to one at Menis for buifding a magazine
there, and that he had been informed that t£e person whom he
had thus employed, had been insulted and interrupted by the
Indians, in the execution of that work^ and as Major Cope
had arrived here from hence, he desired the Major to relate to
the Board what he there heard and saw, which was as follows •
vizt. '

"One Thursday evening the 13th instant there came into
Rene Le Blanc's House, at Menis, three Indians vizt. Jacque
eon to Winaguadishnick named Jacques, Antoin, his brother,
and Andress their cousin, all living upon Piziquit River, who in
a most villanous manner, and approbrious language, insulted
the said Rene Le Blanc and Peter his brother, saying that all
the Le Blanc's were dogs, and villians except Francois and that
88 for Rene, he had a dagger (putting his hand at the same
time under his coat where tis supposed the dagger hung) for
him, for that he was going to build a Fort for the English (Mr.
Cottnam and myself present) when I assured them, there was
no such thing or order given at present, but suppose the King
of Great Britain thought it convenient to build a fort there,
who had any thing to say against it ; one of them answered
that he would not suffer it, for that he was King of that
Country, for that King George had conquered Annapolis, but
not Menis ; and in a most insolent manner, order Mr. Cottnam

NOVA SCOTU POCDMKTTB.

and me to be gone, for that we had no business there. J
asked them who said we were going to build a fort ; they said
all the traders, and named Mr. Winniet ; they said also if we
did build a fort, the Indians should go in at one door, and we
at another ; upon the whole I could easily see it was some of
the French that had put the Indians upon this proceedings,
out of prejudice to Rene Le Blftnc, who by the general report
of the inhabitants, had often bqen insulted in the like manner,
for no reason that I could discover but that he was employed
and intrusted by the Government."*

' HENRY COPE.

Then the Board adjourned till to-morrow at 10 of the clock a.m,
to consider further the coutentp of Major Cope's declaration.

Wednesday the 26th July, 1732, being met according to"~
yesterdays adjourment (Mr. Skene only excepted.)

• * * * His Honor desired that the gentlemen of the
Board might draw up a paper which might be publish'd
amongst the inhabitants and communicated to the Indians,
whereby it might be made appear that neither any of them
nor the traders, had their rights infringed by His Majestys
having a house built there f(jr his especial service, and in
order to show to the Board, that he had the welfare of the
Province and the freedom of trade only at heart, he ordered
the Secretary to read a scroll of a proclamation, which had
been prepared for their consideration, and the same being read
he asked the opinion of the Board. * * *• *

L. ARMSTRONG.

At a Council held by order Qf the Honble. Lieut. Governor
Armstrong on Monday the 4th September 1732,

His Honor acquainted the Board that he had received a let-
ter from the inhabitants of St. John'd river in answer to the
summons sent them the 28th of March last, and that in obedi-
ence thereunto, some of them were come to take the Oath to
His Majesty ; and their said latter being read, he asked the
advice of the Board whether <hey may be admitted and per-
mitted to occupy and enjoy such lands as they are in posses-
sion of there or any where el»e in the Province, upon their
taken grants for the same copformable to His Majesty's in-
structions. . J 1 ii

Ordered that they may be called in and examined both a»
to the puuiber of the families, and in what manner they live

AOADrAN FBEMCH. 99

and whether they will accept of grants and hold immediately
of His Majesty.

And the question being put to them, they answered that
they were willing to take the Oaths, as also grants, but that
they could not answer for carrying with them a person to sur-
vey the land, because of the Indians ; which answer for the
safety of the Surveyor being referred to his honor to consider
on, when on opportunity oflFered to send one ; They were ad-
mitted to oath which they accordingly took and subscribed

L. ARMSTRONG.

the aame.

Extract from Letter of Gov. Armstrong to Board of Trade.

Annapolis Royal
Novr. 15th 1732.
Mt Lords, —

The French continue as disobedient to the Government
as ever, both in respect of their own private affairs, as to
what concerns the public, for they despise all orders, (of
which I have sent copies for your perusal) and obstruct every
thing proposed for his Majesty's service, as to which I must
also refer your Lordships to major Henry Cope's declaration. .

Oov. Armstrong to Bishop of Quebec.
(Iiietter Book.)

Sib,—

I am favored with yours by Mr. Monfils, who with Mr.
De St Poncy lately arrived here from Lewisburg, and have
directed Mr. De St. Poncy to attend the Inhabitants of this
River, and the other Gentleman, those of a place called
Pissaquit, To both Gentlemen I shall show the Respect due
to their Merit, and hope that in Respect to your Recommen-
dation of them they'l behave themselves like men of Honour,
and not prove the fomentors of Discord, and as I may say
Rebellion, as Some of their predecessors. I shall always,
knowing it to be the will of ray master, permit them and all
others tnat come to this Province in a Regular manner freely
to Exercise their Sacerdotal functions amongst those of their
own perswasion, provided they don't thereby transgress the
laws of Great Britain as Stipulated by the treaty of Utrecht,.

lrti*1iilmah'i"iBi-i

100

NOVA BCOTIA DOOOTIENTB,

and therefore hope you'l acknowledge, that those who won't
Conform themselvos to the laws of any Government Dont
Deserve its protection.

I should be Glad to see you here Bat as to the Executinff
of your office, I have wrote to the Court of Great Britain, and
I doubt not their Answer. Thie inclosed from Mr. De Poncis
I hope will St^G^vBeach your hands and am

Your most obe^t. Servt

Annapolis Rotall
21 Novr 1732
W. Shirbeff

Secry

L. ARMSTBONO

At a Council held by order of the Hon. Lt. Governor Arm-
strong at Major Copes house in His Majesty's Garrison of
Annapolis Royaljon Saturday, t|ie 23d of December 1732.

Present

John Adams Esq, William Skene Esq, William Shirreflf, Secre-
tary, Major Henry Cope, Otho Jlamilton Esq. .'

The Secretary acquainted the Board that His Honour had
directed him to acquaint them that he is informed that the
inhabitants, by a mutual conse^it, are contriving all the ways
and means possible to distress His Majesty's Garrison, by
raising the price of all eatables, fire wood Ac ; and whereas
they daily act with so much cojitempt, and behave themselves
in most respects, as independent of any Government, and
showed so little respect to His Majesty's Sovereignty, through
a spirit of disobedience and obstinacy, and seeing such
innovations and proceedings pf theirs, without any visible
reason for their so doing, may not only at this time, but here-
after, prove detrimental to the, Province in general ; he had
therefore recommended the same to their consideration for
their advice and opinion thereon, and desired that they would
consult upon such methods as may bo used to keep them to
their obedience, and to consider whether, for their disobe-
dience, they may not be debarred from the liberty of flSshine
and navigation, till, according to their allegiance, they paid
actual obedience to all legal orders. * . * * *

L, ABMSTBONG.

ACADIAN FBBNOR.

101

Qow. Armttnmg to Duke of Newcastle.

Annapolis Royal

15 November 1732.

Mat it pleabb Your Grace, —

» ♦ • * I have in obedience thereunto sent to
their Lordships a report of the Gentlemen of the Council of
the present state of the Province, which, especially this corner
of it, I am sorry should be in such a poor condition a« it is
really in, after having been so long as unwards of twenty-one
years (which may be said imaginarily only) under the English
Government ; for the InhabiUnts here being all French and
Roman Catholics, are more subject to our neighbours of
Quebec and those of Cape Breton than to His Majesty, whose
Government by all their proceedings (notwithstanding of their
Oath of Fidelity) they seem to despise, being entirely governed
by their most insolent Priests, who for the most part come
and go at pleasure, pretending for their sanction the treaty of
Utrecht, without taking the least notice of this Government
in spite of all endeavours used to the contrary.

I must also inform vour Grace that tlie Indians are em-
ployed in the aflfair, and use for an argument that although the
English conquered Annapolis, they never did Meins and these
other parts of the Province, and in consequence of such argu-
ments instilled into them, they have actually robbed the gen-
tlemen of the Colliery by Chickenectua, destroyed their House
and Magazine built there, through pretence of a premium or
rent due to them for the land and liberty of digging ; in this
manner they now show their insolence to obstruct the settle-
ment of the Province, being thereunto advised, as I hafve been
informed, by Governor St. Ovid, who tells both them and
our French inhabitants that if they permit such designs ot
the English to succeed, that the Province will be entirely lost;
and as such proceedings of the French destroys their allegiance
and those of the Indians, the articles of peace concluded witn
them both here and in New England, I must upon these cir-
cumstances beg your Grace's advice. *

I am <fec (fee

B. PHILIPPS.

To His Grace

The Duke of Newcastle
&c &c Ac

102 NOVA BOOnU. DOCtJMENTS.

Oovr. PhUippa to Board of Trade.

j August 3rd 1734

My Lords, — |

* » * * In obedience therefore to what your Lord-
ships require of me, I answer (in respect to Nova Scotia only)
that it is my humble opinion, that the Chief encouragement
wanting toward the well cultivating, and improvement thereof,
is the creating two or three Forts in proper places with an addi-
tion of 2 or 300 Men, to Garrison such Forts, this may invito
a new set of people, that are Protestants, to venture their
lives, and Fortunes, under the protection of that Government,
for as to the present Inhabitants, they are rather a pest, and
incumbrance than of an advantage to the Country, being a
proud, lazy, obstinate and untractable people, unskillful in the
methods of Agriculture, nor will b(> led or drove into a better
way of thinking, and (and what is still worse) greatly disaf-
fected to the Government. They raise (tis true) both Corn
and Cattle on Marsh lands, that wants no clearing, but they
have not in almost a century, cleared the quantity of 300
acres of Weodland. From their Qorn and Cattle they have
plenty of i»ung for manure, which they make no use of, but
when it increases so as to become troublesome, then instead
of laying it on their Lands they get rid of it by removing
their Barns to another spot ; this, I take it, proves the first
part of my asssertion, and as to their disaffection, their being
of the Romish Religion, puts that beyond all doubt. They
have, indeed, at last complied with taking the Oath of Alle-
giance, but discover daily a strong retention of nonjuring

principles. * * *L * *

I am &c I ic

The Right Honble.
The Lords Commissioners
For Trade & Plantations.

R. PUILIPPS.

Extract from a Letter of Oovr. Armstrong to His Grace the
Duke of Newcastle, dated Jj^najiolis Royal, Sth Decem-
ber, 1735. I
" As for the French Inhabitantsi up the Bay of Fundy, and
upon all that Coast, I found them upon my arrival there, very
submissive, tho I have great reason to believe it proceeded
.only from policy ; for I know them to bo a very rebellious

ACADIAN FBENCB.

103

crew if any opportunity offered to favor their desigjis; and
S;?axe always inciting the Indians to give us rouble «>a,d
S poor ighorant wretches are so guided and led by the
French ^hat they will not scruple to do any base action at
S desire; and nothing can secure them to our interest, but
«nnual presents,"

Extradafrom Minviea o/ Council, \%th kay, 1736. j.
The Petition in behalf of the inhabitants of €obaquid w4
>rilso laid before the Board which being '^?^"' ',«'*^'. ^"J^^^J
His Honour had also said thereon considered, the prayer

"" wKupon Messrs. Do St. Poncy and Cheavereaux, the two
Bomish Priests, were called in and informed thereof and told
that it was iudged necessary before Monsieur De Poncys de-
^artlTor^CobVi^l, that eW he or Monseur Cheavereaux
should first go to Pobomcoup, along with Mr/ Charles Dentre
mont and Lieut. Amherst to use endeavours «'at restitut on
may be made of the vessels sails and such other effects as the

'they SrSmto answered His Honour and the Board in a
^oTrTnsolent, audacious, and di-espectful manner, sayin^^^
that absolutely they would not go, and t^** f^^^^ J°;'iiS
nothinc to do in tho affair ; «tod being asked if they wouia not
obey the just and lawful orders of His Majesty's Government
to 4ich L. Cheavereaux answered oontemptuously w^h an
unbecoming air and unmannerly gesture saying Q"^ J«^^ ^
ici de la part du Roy de France," and Mr. St. Poncy most
affrontindy affirming the same also in words to the same effect^

His Honour therefore told them that he had a m'^d, seemg
they had so said for the contempt of this »'« Majesty of GieaU
Britain Province and Government, to «e"dt em to France

They replied with a laugh, and a most l}^"|^f-^ '"'"';"* ^^^
" With all their hearts," then turned their backs and went out
of the room, seemingly in a very great passmn slam,ng and
throwing the doors in a most r^^e and insolent manner ,an^
without His Honour's leave (they left t'le «o*rd. ^^ "'«[
were desired to attend for an answer to the above said Peti

*'°Then Mr. Dentremont being called before the Board, and
told that the Priests had refused to g°. ^« f ^ ^^^edieS
Borry for it, for it was his opinion that the most expeaieni

104

NOVA 8(!0TIA DOCtTftEHTS.

method to bring these ludjans to reason and restitution wonW
be to send a Priest, whicl^ was the reason of proposing it t»
His Honour ; a priest beiqg also much wanted at their village
to Baptize and administer the Sacrament.

The Board having teken their behaviour and comportment
into consideration, came pnanimously to this resolution, that
they should be dismissed, and ordered to retire to the Fre^
bytere, and there to remain till an opportunity ofiFered to send
them out of the Provincp. Agreed that they the said two
Priests should be again s(?nt for, to hear the opinion and deter-
mination of the Board, that they may prepare to be gone
whenever an opportunity offered.

Whereupon the said twp Priests appeanng before the Board,
and the sentence being r^ad, they resumed their former inso-
lence, calling for chairs to sit down, saying that they did not
appear as criminals, and ^hat they had no business with things
temporal, and further expressed themselves in these words—
" Que nous n'avons point; d'ordres d recevoir ici," and as their
whole behaviour and discourse to the Governor was as above
recited, and tending to a jurisdiction of their own, mdepen-
dant of His Majesty's authority, and the civil power ot this
His Government, they wpre ordered to depart immediately to
the Presbytere, and thete to remain as aforesaid ; and also
ordered that the 14th article of the treaty of Utrecht should
be sent them.

Oovernor Armstrong to Secretary of State.
((ioT. Letter Book.)

May it Please Your Grjace, —

I did myself the H(j.nour to acquaint your Grace in my
la^t with my Reasons foT sending away the two Priests Monsr.
de St. Poncy & Monsr. Chevereaux out of the Province, by
and with advice of the Council: The Sequell shews how just
my Remarks were oflheir Disregard to this Govement,
which I am no longer surprised at since I find them so Vigor-
ously Supported in that principle by Mons. St. Ovide de Bru 1-
Ian the ffrench Governor of Cape Bretton. One of the Priests
Monsr. Chevereaux stopt at Cape Sables to serve the Indian
Tribes in these parts a^ their Missionary. Your Grace ^ill
perceive by the said G.>vernors letters that he approves his
Conduct. The other Priest Mr. de St. Poncy, he has sent
back agaia to this place The minutes of. Council will shew

ACADIAS FBENCH.

105

vou how we have received him, by forbidding him to Exercise
lis ministerial function & to depart by the first convement

°^§^e Mwbitants have Petitioned strongly for his Officiating
this Winter, I have not given them yet any answer nor can 1
vet inform Your Grace of the Council's resolution the affair
being still before them, I have sent home all the papers &
Letters on this Subject, that your Grace may have a iull in-
Bight into this matter, which I thought proper because I am
assured that the French Court will make some stir therein
No. 1 is Mr StOvide-s first letter after Mr St Poncy's arrival
at Lewisburg ; No 2 is my answer ; No 3 is h.s Reply ; No 4 is
Mr St Ponej^s Declaration in Council ; No 5 are the minutes of
Council; and No 6 is the Petition of the Inhabitants signed
by one hundred & seven of the Chief of them ; By some of
the above Papers, your Grace will be Informed how high the
ffrench Govermt. carry's her pretensions over their J^riests
obedience, and the People of the Province being all 1 apists
are absolutely governed by their Influence Ho\<i^f g^'°^^
this may prove in time to His Majesty's authority & the peace
& tranquillity of the Province, I believe your Grace can easily
forsee, and how to prevent the Ul Consequences I know not
without we could have Missionaries from places Independant
of that Crown, but this will prove a considerable expence
which the French King bears at present with alacrity for very
PoUtieall reasons. It is most certain that there is not a Mis-
sionary neither among the ffrench nor Indians who has not a
Pension from that Crown. I shall not trouble your Grace any
further in this matter only to beg that you 11 Pl«f«^to Honour
me with his Majesty's Instructions & Directions how to behave
myself in affairs of this nature for the future.

I have the honour to be with the utmost respect,
Your Grace's

Most obedient & most faithfull

Humble servant, ^ ^^^^^^^^^^

Annapolis Royall
the 22 Novemr.

1736.

Oovernor Mascarene to the French Deputies.
(GoTT! Letter Book.)

^^'^ThTofffence Given to his Majesty's Government By Pub-
lishing an Excommunication with intention to Deprive ot au

106

NOVA BCOTIA DOCDHEMTS.

means of Livelyhood one who not only has had the Protection
of a Subject But is actually in a Publick Employ has occa-
Bioned the Inclos'd Proclamation now Sent to vou which you
are to read Publickly Before the Inhabitants and then to
Affix It in tbeusuall manner that none may pretend Cause of
Iporance. The Missionaries seem not to think it SuflScient
that the People here who are his Majesty's Subjects Enjoy the
free Exercise of their Religion without they themselves
assume a Power which the Laws of Great Brittain will not
^ow and of consequence is Excluded by the Article of
Feace Whereby your Religion is Secured to you. If you
'Know your own Interest and are willing to Continue in that
«ase & Liberty which you have Enjoyed under his Majesty's
Government; you will avoid all Occasions that may give
Cause of Offence thereto and those Missionarie's which from
the Indulgence of the Gaverment have Resorted and Resided
amongst you & still do so will certainly do the same and keep
withm the Bounds prescribed by the Laws of Great Brittain
and pay that Duty they owe to the Goverment under whose
Protection they Live whilst they are in his Majesty's Domin-
ions unless they chuse tp follow the motives of avarice and
ambition of Ruleing rather than the Good of the People they
pretend out of a charitable duty, to come to assist in the
exercise of their Religion. As Soon as any of these Mission-
aries misbehave they may recon themselves out of this Gover-
nment's Protection and when any of them shall thus misbehave
shall be Supported and Maintained contrary to the orders
from hence those of his Majesty's Subjects who Shall Thus
Support and maintain them may Expect to be Called to a
Severe Account for it. L^ the Inhabitants know the contents
of this Letter and put it ihto the possession of your Succes-
sors the Deputys that it may serve as a Rule for Your Conduct
in time to Come, I am

Messieurs
Your Good friend & humble servt

Annapolis Royal
4th July 1740

To the Deputys of the frefach Inhabitants
Throughout the Provjnce.

P. MASCARENE

W. SHIRREFP, Secry.

ACADUM raSNCH.

107

At a Council held by order of the Honble Paul Mascarene
Esq President of His Majesty's Council, at his own house, in
His Majesty's Garrison of Annapolis Royal, on Wednesday
the 18th September 1740, at eleven of the clock A. M.

Present
His Honor the President

William Skene Esq, .William Shirreff Esq, Erasmus James
Philipps Esq, John Handfield Esq, *Edward Amherst Esq.

His Honour the Preiident acquainted the Board, he had
received a letter from Mr St. Poncy late missionary Priest of
the inhabitants of this river, signifying his return from Lewis-
burg to Chiconecto, within this His Majesty's Province, to
officiate as Missionary ten the inhabitants there ; which, being
read, us also a letter from Governor Cosby, directed to
Erasmus James Philipps Esq, as Fort Major, to be commum-
cated to Major Mascarene, also relating to Mr. St Poncy's
return, and some private intelligence he had of said St
Poncy's scheme, to the prejudice of this Government, and
purporting that the Government ot Lewisburg expected a
war with the English, and that St. Poncy having acquainted
them how much he had gained over the minds of the inhabit-
ants here in prejudice to the English Government ; he was
therefore dispatched back, which he was not to own, but to
give such reasons as he thinks proper, and that ho is to hold
correspondence with certain inhabitants of this place ; and
when a stroke is to be given, it is to be against the Governor
and this Garrison. run a

All which being considered, it was the opinion of the Board,
that Mr. St Poncy should have orders sent him immediately
to depart this His Majesty's Province ; otherwise in case of
disobedience to be at his risk and peril ; and also that an
order be sent to the inhabitants of Chiconectp signifying their
contempt to this His Majesty's Government, in daring to

• Edward Amherst wa» a captoin in General Philipps" regiment. His name
first appears on tliu Council Books at Annapolis in December, 1736. Ue was
in England on leave in 1749, and came out with the settlers under Comwallis.
It is probable he proceeded immediately to Annapolis after his »"'"' "
Chebucto, as he was not one of the Councillors reappointed in 1749. Amherst
afterwards became a ra^or, and had command at Placentia, or bt. Johns, in
Newfoundland. His daughter married Thomas WillUms, Esq., of Annapolis,
Commissary of Stores and Judge of the Court of Common Peas for that
County ; she was grandmother of Lieut. General Sir ¥tnwick Williams, Bart.,
K. C. B., *c., late Lieut. GoTernor of Nova ScotU.

- 'I

108

NOVA ICOTIA DOCimNTS.

receive the said St. Poncy or any other missionary Priest,
without first applying to this Government and obtaining leave

for one.

Extract as pr. Record
of Minutes

W. Shihbefv
Secretary.

P. MASCARENE.*

Oovernor Masoarene to Secretary of State.

Annapolis Rotal,
15 Nov. 1740.
May it please Youb Grace, —

* * * * The increase of the French Inhabitants
calls for some fresh instructions how to dispose of them.
They have divided and subdivided amongst their children the
lands they were in possession of, and which his Majesty was
graciously pleased to allow to them on their taking the oaths
of allegiance, and now they apply for new grants, which the
Governor and late Lieutenant Governor did not think them-
selves authorized to favor them with, as His Majesty's instruc-
tions on that head prescribe the grant of unappropriated

• Paul Hucarene wag born at Caitraa, in the South of France, in the year
1684. His parents were Jean Ha«carene and Margaret deSalavy. His father,
who was a Huguenot, having been compelled to fly from France at the revoca-
tion of the Edict of Nantes, young Mascarene fell to the charge of his grand-
mother. At the age of twelve he made his way to Geneva, where he waa
educated, and afterwards went to England, where he was naturalized in 1708.
Two years after he received the appointment of second lieutenant in Lord
Montague's regiment, then doing duty at Portsmouth. In 1710 he obtained
his commission as captain from Queen Anne, and was ordered by the Secretary
of War to proceed to America, where he joined the regiment raised in New
England for the taking of Port Boyal. He there commanded the Grenadiers
of Col. Walter's regiment, and wm the officer who took formal possession of the
fort in mounting the first guard. Shortly after he received the rank of brevet
major from General Nicholson, the couimander-in-chief of the expedition. —
iMasearen^s Letter to Duke of Bedford, 1740 ; alto New England Oen. and
Hitt. Regr., ii., 229, quoted by Bditor Ifeic York Colonial Document!.)

He for some time commanded the garrison stationed at Placentia, in New-
foundland. On the death of Colonel Armstrong in 1739, be was appointed
regimental major, and on the death of Colonel Cosby he became lieut.-coloncl
of Philipps' regiment. Colonel Mascarene was nominated third on the list of
Councillors at the first establishment of that board under Governor Philipps in
1720, and was for many years senior Couacillor. In 1740 he was appointed
liieut. Governor of Annapolis, and became Administrator of the Government
(Philipps, the Governor, residing in England), which offices he held until the
arrival of Governor Cornwallia in 1749, when he came down to Chebucto,
with several members of tba Council, to meet the new Governor, and was

ACADIAN FBENCR.

109

lands to Protestant subjects only. This delay has occasioned
several of these Inhabitants to settle themselves on some of
the skirts of this Province, pretty far distant from this place,
notwithstanding proclamations and orders to the contrary
have been often repeated, and it has not been thought advisa-
ble hitherto to dispossess them by force, for the reasons, I
presume set down in the above article. If they are debarred
from new possessions they mdst live here miserably and con-
sequently be troublesome, or else they will continue to possess
themselves of new tracts contrary to orders, or they must be
made to withdraw to the neighbouring French Colonies of
Cape Breton or Canada.

Since I have had the honor to preside here, my study has
been to make these French Inhabitants sensible of the differ-
ence there is between the British and French Government,
by administering impartial justice to them and in all other
respects treating them with Idnity and humanity, without
yielding anything wherein His Majesty's honor or interest
were concerned.

The neighboring French at Cape Breton will naturally
watch all opportunities of disturbing the peace of this Pro-
vince, especially at this juncture and in case of a war with
France, and if occasion of disgust was given to these people

sworn in senior Councillor on board the Beanfort, transport, in Chebucto
harbor, Uth July, 1749. About the year 1720 he transmitted to the Plantation
Office and the Board of Ordnance a complete description of the Province,
with suggestions regarding its settlement and defence. In 1744 he defended
Annapolis, and beat off the French force imder Du Vivier. He was engaged
on the part of the Province of Nova Scotia in conjunction with Governor)
Dnmmer and Wentworth, of Massachusetts and New Hampshire, in nego-
tiations with the New England Indians, which resulted in the treaty of 1725.
He proceeded to New England for the same purpose in 1761, under the direc-
tions of Governor Comwallis, where he was occupied for some time in con-
ciliating the Indian chiefs. He soon after obtained leave to retire from active
service in consequence of his advanced age. In 17S8 he was gasietted miyor
general, and resided in Boston until his death, which took place on 22nd
January, 1760. He married Elizabeth Ferry, a native of Boston, and left a
■on and daughter. — {Hitt. and Oen. Regr. If. S. Domvunta.)

The late Judge Foster Hutchinson of Halifax and the late Deputy Commis-
■ary General W. Handfield Snelling were his grandsons. Governor Mascarene
in his letters to the Secretary of State, &c„ complains of the very small remu-
neration which be received for his long and arduous duties in sustaining
British authority in Acadia ; aever having received any allowance from Gene-
ral Philipps, the Governor, for his services during the long period he admin-
istered the Government ; though, after the death of Governor Armstrong, aa
offer of remuneration had been made him by IMiilipps, which was afterwards
withdrawn. He mentions having to subsist, in his old days, wholly on the
half pay of his Ueut.-coloBelcy. — (ifojcarms's Letitrt; Nova Seotia Doeu-

.:ff4^»a«JlJl.

110

HOTA! SCOTIA DOCUUESNTS.

here they would soon make an advantage of it, and by the
numbers of these French Inhabitants at least ten to one
English they would soon distress this Garrison by cutting off
the supply of the necessaries of life, keeping it in a continual
alarm, if not by taking the Port itself which indeed is in a
very ruinous condition. The Garrison at Canso is still in
more danger, as it is not any way defensible and is but two
leagues from the Island of Cape Breton where the French
are very powerful.

I I am &c

P. MASCARENB.

Mcu^

Ghvernor Maacarene to Lords of Trade:

Annapolis Botal
Eight Honobablb

* * * * ' There being also a necessity for
some one to be appointed in each settlement to draw writings
bearing some mark of authenticity, a person was accordingly
appointed, and it so continued under the name of Notary, who
is to be accountable for the Kings dues in all sales and aliena-
tions of lands passed between the Inhabitants, and is commonly
the receiver of the annual rents eschewing to His Majesty
as Seigneur or Lord of the Manor. A Messenger also under
the name of Constable, is appointed as an assistant, who when
any directions or orders are sent from the Governor or
Commander in Chief in consequence of minutes of Council to
the deputies of the Settlements or to the notary as receiver
of the King's dues, is to assist in the execution of them.

No farther hitherto has been proceeded in regulations for
the administration of Civil affairs in this Province, except at
Canso, where by the resort of English subjects in the Fishing
season, justices of the Peace have been appointed to settle
the differences that may arise ; but in winter that place is
reduced to three or four families, except what belongs t« the
Troops residing there. It is a matter of no small concern
that in the space of these thirty years past, in which this
Province has been regained to the possession of the Crown
of Great Britain, the British interest has not been established
in a better manner by peopling some part of it by British
Protestant subjects, whjch might in time balance the number
of the present ones of a different religion ; and springing from
a rival nation in regard to her neighbouring Plantations, Trade

AOADUN FBENOH.

Ill

and other points which is most humbly referred to considera-
tion. I shall transmit as often as opportunity will permit an
account of mine and the Councils proceedings.
I am <fec.,

P. MASCABJENE.
The Lords Commissioners
of Trade & Plantations.

This leUer is not dated; the original in the State Paper OMte, in LontUH.
M marked " received 19 Ab». 1740."

Oovernor Maacarene to M. Dea Enclaves.*

(GoT'a Letter Book.)
MONSIEDB,—

The other Point of your letter on which I could not ans-
wer in my last is that in which you mention ye Spiritual to be
so connected with the temporal as sometimes not to be able to
be divided. This Proposition requires some Explanation as it
is what may much contribute to the well or ill being of the-
Inhabitants. Under pretence of this connection the Missien-
arys have often usurp'd the power to make themselves the
Sovereign judges & arbitrators of all causes amongst the
People; for example, a Parishioner complains to the Priest
that his Neighbour owes him or detains such a thing from
him, the Priest Examines the Neighbour in the way of
Confession. The man denies his owing or detain'g such
a thing unjustly. The Priest doth not stop where he
should but calls & Examines Witnesses & then decides
in a judicial manner <fe condemns the party to make resti-
tution, <fe to oblige him thereunto refuses to administer the
Sacraments, by which if the man is Persuaded, that it is
in the Priests Power to grant or withold the pardon of his
sins he is in a wofuU case & must rather Submit to be de-

• Jean Bte. Desenclaves came from France to Canada in the year 1728. He
was parish priest at Annapolis for many years. M. Tasherea, in his M.S.
Botes on Missions in Acadia, quoted by Dr. O'Calaghan in tlie 10 toI. of New-
York Documente, says he returned to France soon after 17S3, worn out bv age
and labour. He was, however, officiating to the Acadians at Annapolis in 1754,
as appears by his letter of that year to Mr. Cotterell, at Halifax, respecting the
site of a new Chapel which he was then building. And Governor Pownall of Boa-
ton, in a letter to Governor Lawrence in 1759, mentions his being then a pri-
soner with other French Acadians in Massachusetts. M. Desenclares appears
in the latter period of his life to have meddled less with secular affairs than the
other priests in Acadia, and consequent!/ was not much in favour widi Lutra
and Gumaine.

110

NOTA SOOTIA DOCUMENTS.

here they would soon make an advantage of it, and by the
numbers of these Freijch Inhabitants at least ten to one
English they would soon distress this Garrison by cutting off
the supply of the necessaries of life, keeping it in a continual
alarm, if not by taking the Fort itself which indeed is in a
very ruinous condition. The Garrison at Canso is still in
more danger, as it is not any way defensible and is but two
leagues from the Island of Cape Breton where the French

are very powerful.

I am &c

P. MASCARENE.

Governor Maacarene to Lords of Trade.

Annapolis Rotal

Right Honobable

* * * * ' There being also a necessity for
some one to be appointed in each settlement to draw writings
bearing some mark of authenticity, a person was accordingly
appointed, and it so continued under the name of Notary, who
is to be accountable for the Kings dues in all sales and aliensr
tions of lands passed bet^veen the Inhabitants, and is commonly
the receiver of the annjual rents eschewing to His Majesty
■^^ as Seigneur or Lord of the Manor. A Messenger also under
the name of Constable, is appointed as an assistant, who when
any directions or orders are sent from the Governor or
Commander in Chief in teonsequence of minutes of Council to
the deputies of the Settlements or to the notary as receiver
of the King's dues, is to assist in the execution of them.

No farther hitherto has been proceeded in regulations for
the administration of Cjvil affairs in this Province, except at
Canso, where by the resjort of English subjects in the Fishing
season, justices of the peace have been appointed to settle
the differences that may arise ; but in winter that place is
reduced to three or fou? families, except what belongs Xo the
Troops residing there. It is a matter of no small concern
that in the space of these thirty years past, in which this
Province has been reg*ined to the possession of the Crown
of Great Britain; the British interest has not been established
in a better manner by peopling some part of it by British
Protestant subjects, which might in time balance the number
of the present ones of a different religion ; and springing from
a rival nation in regard to her neighbouring Plantations, Trade

ACADIAN FBENCH.

Ill

and other points which is most humbly referred to considera-
tion, I shall transmit as often as opportunity will permit an
account of mine and the Councils proceedings.
I am &c.f

The Lords Commissioners
of Trade & Plantations.

P. MASCARENE.

Thit letter is not dated; the tyriginal i» the Stat* Paper Office, in London,

M marked " received 19 JVoe. 1740.

Oovernor Maacarene to M. Dea Enclaves.*
(Got'» Letter Book.)

Monsieur, —

The other Point of your letter on which I could not ans-
wer in my last is that in which you mention ye Spiritual to be
so connected with the temporal as sometimes not to be able to
be divided. This Proposition requires some Explanation as it
is what may much contribute to the well or ill being of the-
Inhabitants. Under pretence of this connection the Mission-
arys have often usurp'd the power to make themselves the
Sovereign judges & arbitrators of all causes amongst the
People; for example, a Parishioner complain.s to the Priest
that his Neighbour owes him or detains such a thing from
him, the Priest Examines the Neighbour in the way of
Confession. The man denies his owing or detain'g such
a thing unjustly. The Priest doth not stop where he
should but calls & Examines Witnesses & then decides
in a judicial manner <fe condemns the party to make resti-
tution, & to oblige him thereunto refuses to administer the
Sacraments, by which if the man is Persuaded, that it is
in the Priests Power to grant or withold the pardon of his
sins he is in a wofull case & must rather Submit to be de-

• Jean Bte. Desenclares came from France to Canada in the year 1728. He
was parish priest at Annapolis for many years. M. Tasherea, in his M.S.
notes on Missions in Acadia, quoted by Dr. O'Calagiian in the 10 toI. of New
York Documente, says he returned to France soon after 1753, worn out bv age
and labour. He was, however, officiating to the Acadians at Annapolis in'l754,
M appears by his letter of that year to Mr. Cotterell, at Halifax, respecting the
lite of a new Chapel which he was then building. And Governor Fownall of Bos-
ton, in a letter to Governor Lawrence in 1759, mentions his being then a pri-
soner with other French Acadians in Massachusetts. M. Desenclaves appears
in the latter period of his life to have meddled less with secular affairs than the
other priests in Acadia, and consequently was not much ia &to(1t with Lutra
and Germaiae.

NOVA BCOTIA DOCmtEKTS.

pnved of W« g-jB than t« mcu^ S^" Co^^-'m^^^^^^^^
notreceiv'g f \°»"t''''\f!n ctil iudicature useless, & how
how this tends to re"dq ^cm j«a^^^^^^ themselves the

easy it wiU be for t\« ^''''^ongst people bred up in ignor-
only distributors of Justice among« V ^^ ^^ maintaining his
iJe ; and of what consequence '^^ "^ ^n ^ .j,, priests are

Maj'tys authority to '•e«t'^*'°,*;'l,e3 Proposition which can
butVo apt to assume tignUi^foresa^^^^^^ P

at most P\««^'^,^°.Sbrence8 or to have recourse to the way
pose amicably their di%enc^^ Government thej. live

of Justice as i* ^^ J''*l\^"r^lision8 they give according as
under, & to abide by ^^jf * ^X„Tre to^bf try'd prescribe,
the Rules & Laws ^y £'^^^,SeTmore but will not detain
I would enlarge upon %>« ^^^ ^eU you that this is one of
rebrSotrhfcShll'ln^Uar^'dyounot^

I am with Esteem
Monsr.

29 June 1741

Mons. des Enclaves,

Oovr. Ma^cafem to Momieur Des Endives.
(Letter Book.)

^T:::;edyour:etterofthe2UtJ.ly^^
toseethatfromwhailwrogtoyou^o^^^^^^^^ tbe Tern-
ill conseauences that will ol^^J^ir^t Entef on the sub-

lieve he lias any just ';«»'^°'\ ^X'StSn I am in to keep the
of Conflict, my only aim s ''^ J«jf„^;;°^^^ within the bound.
MiasionarvB wl.o re ule in £«^^";^"Stablishing m^num
of their P'^ty.**e,L"?f°J. of GreS Britain will not suffer, as
in imperio wVch ^^f ^J;^.*' "^^^/JJ not to wish ill to any per-
for Religion I amo« ^hat U>mper as noi ^^^^^ ^

ACADIAN FRENCH.

lis

This in my notion is the bonds of Charity in which we ought
to live one towards another. i
I am
^ Monsieur

Your most humble servt
Annapolis Royal

20th July 1741

Monsieur Des Enclaves, i

Oovr. Mascarene to M. Sesenclaves,

,, (Govs. Lett. Book.)

MONSIKDB,—

I answer yr. letter by yo same oppa which brot, it to me
to make you sensible that irour Correspondence is acceptable
to me. Whilst ye Missionaries which shall be allowed residence
m this Prov-ce. will contain themselves witliin the Bounds
which yon acknowledge by yr. Sevl. letters it is requisite they
should, <fe pay the regard tiiey ought to the Government they
will not meet with any impediment in their administrating to
the people wiiat relates to their Spiritual function. But
when they shall pretend to require or to settle tliemselves by
•any other autiiority than what derives from ye King of Great
Britain who is the Sovereign Lord of this province thoy shall
not only incur the Displeasure ife resentment of this Govern-
ment but will draw it on yo people whom they may persuade
to support them in any such unwarrantable proceeding. I
repeat this often to yon as it is n point on which ye peace and
tranquility of the Inhabitants so much depends, which those
who are of your Profession should by oil means endeavour to
keep them in, rather than make them run the risque of losing.
I have referd Monsr. Lobargett to my letter to you on this
head & on the behaviour which tlie Government expecle
from the Missionary, & Desire you will also communicate
them to Monsr. De la Goudalie if ho comes to your parts before
ho roaches these, that those Jfissionuries niav not by some
wrong steps bring trouble where their duty shd. oblige
them to maintain peace. The affairs in Europe are much em-
broiled and in case thoy should occasion a rupture between
Grottt Britain & Franco the missionaries must expect to fall
very naturally under Suspicion, & therefore ought to be the
more circumspect in tiieir conduct in regard to themselves &
towards the Inhabitants whom they will draw into inevitable

i \

^14 NOVA 8C0TU DOCmCEKTB.

ruin if they should in tie least encoura^ them to slight «r
resist the orders of thisj Govment. to which as Subjects they
ought to pay obedience^

I am mth esteem
Sir

Yours.
Annapolis Royal
Sept 5 1741.
Monsr. Des Enclaves.

Oovernor Mcucarene to Lords of Trade.

Annapolis Royal
23rd Npyember 1741
Right Honorable,

♦ * * * The proclamation transmitted last
to Your Lordships, hadj so far effect as to oblige the French
Inhabitants who trade In Vessels along the Coast, and other*
who resort to this Bay, to come here and give Bond for the

f revisions they exported, but could not prevent those of Cape
;reton who were in great want of these commodities, to
resort to the m»ny uniohabited harbours on our eastern Coast
and Bay Verte where tiy means of a communication by land
with the settlements of Manis and Chiguecto they drew from
those places whole droves of Cattle and other provisions, in
which they were assisted with the French Inhabitants and it
is strongly presumed wpre supported by our English Traders,
whom the desire of rain prompted to this unlawful, and at
this juncture so pemioious a Trade. The several difficulties
the Government here Ifibors under, mentioned at large in the
representation to you? Lordships bearing date 16th Augt.
1740, arising from the | situation of this Country, the nature
^f its Inhabitants andi other discouragements are obstacles
to the preventing tliis evil, and the want of legal proof for
fixing it on the offenders screens them from the penalties
incurred by law. In other respects the French Inhabitants
continue hitherto to give assurances of their fidelity, and
behave as well as can be expected, considering the bigottry
to their religion and other circumstances.

The want of instructions how to dispose of the increase of
the Families of these ^Inhabitants is of no small perplexity.
It being impossible froin the reasons already given to hmder
them from settling on the unappropriated lands, and as our

'»

AOADLm FBENCB.

118

weakness manifestly appears by our not being able to hinder
them, it makes the several repeated orders to be more and
more unregarded, and the licence in that respect increase
more and more. * * # # #

The Roamish Missionary Priests give no small trouble all
care possible is taken to keep them in order by obliging them
to conform to rules prescribed to them for their behaviour
and by preventing them from exercising any ecclesiastical
authority. It is not however possible to hinder the subordi-
nation these Missionaries lay themselves under to one another
and to their Bishop, which has been the reason that one who
was here and had behaved tolerably well, chose to withdraw
rather than stay contrary to the orders prescribed to him by
his Ghostly superiors. What has passed in this case in Coun-
cil and towards putting these Missionaries under more re-
Btraint, is contained in the enclosed minute of Council He
who calls himself the Bishop of Quebec's Grand Vicar, and
who 18 lately returned from France into this Province, having
been summoned by my letter to him to appear here has aS
cordingly submitted to what was prescribed to him. I shall
endeavour to act in the best manner I am able for the support
of his Majesty's authority, and for the keeping the peace and
good order among the inhabitants of this Province. Hoping
your Lordships will afford your assistance in procuring thi
necessary instructions on the representations laid before your
Lordships. "^

. am, &c.,

P. MASCARENE..

Govt. Mcucarene to Deputies of Chignecto.
(Letter Book. )

Annapolis Royal

., 11 January 1742'

Messiettrs,—

Your district of Chiconecto has been so long under a'
kind of disobedience that it will not be very easy for you to
recover the good will of the Government,— repentance and
amendment are always necessary to wipe off faults committed
by disobedience, and 'tis that which you and the Inhabitants
in your parts must undergo, if you will prevent the sensible
token of resentment which otherwise may soon fall upon you.
I send you enclosed a proclamation past in Council, which

.11

116

NOVA }COTIA DOCtTMBNTS.

you are to publish to the Inhabitants, you 11 see therein that
your office L deputies, obliges you to see that the orders and
Lntences of the Government be put into execution, and to
report accordingly, those who submit or disobey thereunto,
Lnd show at the same tirtie it is not owing to any neglect in
you tha the said sentences and orders are not put in execu^
tbn Tis by this that good order mrfy be established and
maintained amongst yon, unless by continuing in your dis-
ledSnce, vou wfu ollige us to make use of force to reduce

^°Sn*:o7"/o'r"Shabitailts named Quasey who is the bearer
of thU having made setae propositions aboul what is called
the K, the Council has examined what had been done in
rega^ to' that place. T L platt which was taken «f >t ib not o
thrnature required to (Jraw contracts of concessions by , all
Sat can be d^one at present is to assure those whose names
are in the petition presented to the Council, and those who
are included in the resolution taken thereon, that as soon as a
true P at can be taken by the officer appointed for that pur-
nose the right given to ^he said petitioners and those included
Fn the resolution of th^ Council, shall \\'^on^^^Atof^em
if they have behaved wbll and conformed to the orders of the
Government, unless ^n express order from Court should
proS the execution thereof; and in the mean time, those
therein concerned may continue their works, without however
extending *eyond the bounds prescribed m the resolution of
the Coundl. It appears that part of that land has been sold
before the Government! had given any assurance of possessi^^^^^

-^ that Money seems to hpe been acquired by fraud tor to se
that to which one has'^no right, is certainly to cheat, which
Im be examined mor^ particularly when contracts of conce^
sion shall be granted. As for those who are seated on lands
for which- they have no grants ; if (as at some time since I
w it to the receiver o} the Kings rents,) they have lost their
deeds of concession, l,y fire or other casualty, and that they
carbring proofs of it, Ithe Government may insure them their
SssesSs-But for those that have appropriated to them-
selves the Kings land^ contrary to justice and in opposition
to orders so fften repeated to that end, they may reckon
themselves as havingln'o right to their ill fott- Posse-^ns
in which a distinction must be made of those ^^ho alter
hav7ng marked spots of land, have conformable to the orders
of the Government desisted from improving them, from those
^ho contrary to the said orders have persisted on and continued

ACADIAN PBENCH.

117

their ill gotten Establishments, and others who have even
lone beyond that, and have seated themselves on the lands
marked by those who had desisted according to the foresaid
orders If His Majesty therefore will extend his good will
towards the Inhabitants of this Province, in granting them
new portions of land besides what they were in POB«e««'°" "J
at their taking the Oath of Allegiance, which confirmed them
ta that possefsion, 'tis consonant to justice that those who
Lave conformed themselves to the orders of his Governrnent
mJy have the preference ; and that those who have disobeyed
Eeto may be treated as their disobedience deserves ; and
in the mean time it is certain that whatever annua rents they
may have taxed themselves to, and paid to the ^mg cannot
giv^e them a just title to an ill gotten Po«««««'°°-^ I* 7°" J
L necessary in order to prepare to remove the difficult^e n
case His Majesty will extend his good wil an has been ^aid
above, it would I say be necessary that the deputies with
the assistance of the Receiver, should send ^^^^^t lists of he
Inhabitants who are in the forementioned c'^.^^^^'^ f"6^r\S
them who have grants or deeds of concession that art ^aud

those who may liave lost their deeds and .c^^^^'^^^'J J^e
that they have been in possession of their lands '« the time
of the French Government; those ^h\have had leave trom
the Government to mark out lands and have ^""/"e they
orders given to wait for His Majesty's consent before they
made improvements on the Lands thus «?'• J.^f ' ™ ^^°^
have not conformed to those orders • and those who have
gone and seated themselves on lands n^^-^^f^^^X "thers
wherein must be included those who are on the Risers ot
Chipody * If the lists are drawn with exactness and faithful-
ness aJl -nt here, they may be a means in t'-e to remove a
great many difficulties. Give a due attention to what is
Expressed in this lettor, for, on this depends the Peace a^
the good or ill state in which the Inhabitants may find them
selve^s in time to come. I endeavour in the best manner J
can possibly do to make you sensible of ^hat may contribute
to the peace and good order amongst the Inhabitants ,t you
do not make that account of it you ought you ^ay m time
have reason to repent of it. Give your assistance tp he
receiver, that he may receive the rights accruing to the Kmg
without trouble and communicate this letter to him. It may
be easily believed that those who have deeds of concessioa

' Cumberland County.

116

./I

NOVA alCOTIA DOCmrENTS.

you are to publish to the Inhabitants, you'll see therein that
your office as deputies, obliges you to see that the orders and
sentences of the Government be put into execution, and to
report accordingly, those who submit or disobey thereunto,
and show at the same time it is not owing to any neglect in
you that the said sentences and orders are not put in execu-
tion. Tis by this that good order may bo established and
maintained amongst you, unless by continuing in your dis'
obedience, you will obligie us to make use of force to reduce
you to your duty.

One of your Inhabitants named Quasey who is the bearer
of this, having made sonfe propositions about what is called
the Lake, the Council has examined what had been done in
regard to that place. The platt which was taken of it is not of
the nature required to amw contracts of concessions by ; all
that can be done at pre^nt is to assure those whose names
are in the petition presented to the Council, and those who
are included in the resolution taken thereon, that as soon as a
true plat can be taken by the officer appointed for that pur-
pose, the right given to the said petitioners and those included
in the resolution of the Council, shall be confirmed to them
if they have behaved well and conformed to the orders of the
Government, unless an express order from Court should
prohibit the execution thereof; and in the mean time, those
therein concerned may continue their works, without however
extending beyond the bounds prescribed in the resolution of
the Council. It appears that part of that land has been sold
before the Government had given any assurance of possession,
that Money seems to have been acquired by fraud, for to sell
that to which one has no right, is certainly to cheat, which
will be examined more particularly when contracts of conces-
sion shall be granted. 4s for those who are seated on lands
for which they have no (grants ; if (as at some time since I
writ to the receiver of tpe Kings rents,) they have lost their
deeds of concession, by pre or other casualty, and that they
can bring proofs of it, the Government may insure them their
possessions — But for those that have appropriated to them-
selves the Kings lands contrary to justice, and in opposition
to orders so often repeated to that end, they may reckon
themselves as having no right to their ill gotten possessions,
in which a distinction must be made of those who after
having marked spots of land, have conformable to the orders
of the Government desisted from improving them, from those
■who contrary to the said orders have persisted on and continued

ACADUM FBENCH.

117

their ill gotten Establishments, and others who have even
gone beyond that, and have seated themselves on the lands,
marked by those who had desisted according to the foresaid
orders. If His Majesty therefore will extend his good will
towards the Inhabitants of this Province, in granting them
new portions of land besides what they were in possession of
at their taking the Oath of Allegiance, which confirmed them
in that possession, 'tis consonant to justice that those who
have conformed themselves to the orders of his Government,
may have the preference ; and that those who have disobeyed
thereto may be treated as their disobedience deserves ; and
in the mean time it is certain that whatever annual rents they
may have taxed themselves to, and paid to the King cannot
give them a just title to an ill gotten possession. It would
be necessary in order to prepare to remove the difficulties in
case His Majesty will extend his good will as has been said
above, it would I say be necessary, that the Deputies with
the assistance of the Receiver, sbould send exact lists of the
Inhabitants who are in the forementioned cases, distinguishing
them who have grants or deeds of concession that are valid ;
those who may liave lost their deeds and can make it appear
that they have been in possession of their lands in the time
of the French Government ; those who have had leave from
the Government to mark out lands and have conformed to the
orders given to wait for His Majesty's consent before they
made improvements on the Lands thus marked ; Those who
have not conformed to those orders ; and those who have
gone and seated themselves on lands marked by others,
wherein must be included those who are on the Rivers of
Chipody.* If the lists are drawn with exactness and faithful-
ness and sent here, they may be a means in time to remove a
great many difficulties. Give a due attention to what is
expressed in this letter, for, on this depends the Peace and
the good or ill state in which the Inhabitants may find them-
selves in time to come. I endeavour in the best manner I
can possibly do to make you sensible of what may contribute
to the peace and good order amongst the Inhabitants ; if you
do not make that account of it you ought you may in time
have reason to repent of it. Give your assistance to the
receiver, that he may receive the rights accruing to the King
without trouble and communicate this letter to him. It may
be easily believed that those who have deeds of concession

* Cumberland County.

118

NOVAI SCOTIA DOODIOSHIB.

vahd will not risk their lawful possessions by defrandW -
and for those who have no right neither to the produce which'
they have enjoyed wUch may be required of them at a
proper season and place. You may assure yourselves that
as long as you shaU behave well I shall be

Messieurs

Your Friend & Servant

lo the Deputies of Chicpnectoj
•fee. &c. Ac. I

Govt. Maacar&ne to Mona : de la Omtdalie.
(Order Book.)
MONSIEUB,- ANNAP0LI8 RoTAL, 16 June 1742.

.^.}\^^r^^y''''^'^^^^rhyGT2.nA Pierratt and am Glad
to hear that you got safe to Menis. Monsr. des Enclaves ia
also arrived here A when Monsr. Laborett is got to Lhici

t^lZ^T^ A- *\'°°? *«„ possible, the Missionarys will be
settled according e the Regulatjon passed in Council wch.
EsL^^llt r*°' to Reoiove the uneasiness which this last
wifjf tL ^ r °'"=««'°°f 4 by his so long Refusing to Comply

rthefuh,.r/'°*^K^''"- To Prevent any such\neasine^S8
lor the future it must be remembered that when any of the

^vTV'^n ""M ^"°-<i^the said Regulation Les a
InSL^f .1 /p *'•''{: *'*'^'^™^'°g «»t °f *he Province, the
another ;nl II, P'*"«h mu.st apply here for leave to send for
another, and that on such a leave being obtained a new Mis-
sionary comes in this Provce. he is not to settle himself or
STfh •' function till by Repairing to this place he has ob^
tained the approbation of the Commander in Chief for the
time being and of the Council according to the Regulation of
to hSr'nr^^' directed from hence fo ye Parish^ppointod
innn^fln ?n**^ '"• ^^^ ^'^^^ "° Missionary who is thus
n^LTn^ / lu-^"i^^^ *°^°y °*''^'' P*"^'' without leave first
obteined from this Govment. This with a Peaceable A good
behaviour on the part of the Missionarys & their not inter-
meddling with any Civil affairs but exhortg. the Inhabitants to

Sn^ nf n"*'^.'^^"?^. ^^^y^^ as Subjects to His Majesty the
-King of Great Britain an4 their promoting peace and good

ACADIAN FBKNCH.

llf

order in their Parishes, will Establish Ease <fe quiet whereof an
opposite conduct will infallibly deprive the Inhabitants of the
benefit they think they enjoy by having Missionary Priests
amongst them. I repeat this to you who att your being here
have heard it often & have ownd the Reasonableness of these
Regulations I say I repeat this to you, that you may by giv-
ing notice of it prevent any Priests to come within this Govt,
without being sent for as mentioned before or settle them-
selves without approbation or appointment from hence. I found
you so well dispos'd since I have personally known you dur-
ing your residence here to conform to those rules established
for good order & peace that I make no doubt of your con-
tinuing in the same good intention and that by your example
&, admonitions you will Contribute to keep the Missionarys
in their Duty to this Govmt. & the Inhabitants in the obedience
they owe according to the oath they have taken to His Majesty
the King of Great Britain. I desire you will inquire whether
the Inhabitants of Menis have purchased of the Indians any of
the Goods plundered from the New Engd. Vessell belonging to
Trefry, & particularly of eight or Ten fathoms of Cable
which were cut off from the anchors left ashore when the Ves-
sell was carried oft' which cable must certainly have been cutt
by some of the Inhabitants near the Place where the anchors
were left.

I am with very great esteem
Sir

Your most humble servt.

P. MASCARENE.

Monsr. de La Goudalie
Missionary Priest at Menis

By His Honour's Command.

W. Shibheff, Secty.

EairadB from a Letter of Chv. Mascarene to Hit Grace <Ae
Duke of Newcastle, dated 28<A June, 1742.

" The frequent rumours we have had of War being on the
point of being declared against France, have not as yet made
any alteration in the Temper of the Inhabitants of this Pro-
vince who appear in a good disposition of keeping to their
oaths of fidelity, and of submitting to the orders and regula-
tions of this Government for maintaining Peace, except in the

m.jj^^\\

nt».^upitp>niijip.

120

NOVjA SCOTIA DOGDMENTO.

matter of settling theinselvos on tl»e unappropriated lands^
which irregularity arfses from the great increase of their
I< amines.

"The inclosed papers contain MiautSS of Council on the
declaration of a Master of a small vessel, who was plundered
at the upper end of our Bay by some of the roving Indians
Ihese minutes and the letters thereunto annexed, will show
the good disposition of the French Inhabitants and even of
most of the Indians to maintain the Peace and obviate these
disorders.

" The extract of letters expresses the confusion occasioned
by the disorderly settlement of some families up this Bay and
what remedy our pre^nt circumstances allcw us to afford
thereto. And the latter part of tlie said extract shews that
the Romanish Missionary Priests are "brought to a better
behaviour."

Governor Maaca}\ene to the Dejmties of CMgnecto.
(Order Book.>

Annapolis Royalij;, 12 July 1742.

Messieurs, — v •'

I received your lejbter of the 4 July N. S. by the Siei^-
Bergereau & read it to ye Council tlie Marks of yr Submis-
sion & the sentiments ybu express in Regard to your past ill
Conduct will not be unacceptable provided you do not stop at
words only but will sheW by your future behaviour that you
are sincere in what ycju have expressed therein. Your so
long persisting m slightjing the Orders relating to Monsr. St
Poneys withdrawing ai^d many amongst you Settling them-
selves on the unappropitiated lands notwithstanding the many
repeated orders to the Contrary have left impressions not at
ff u ^°^^ favour, & which behoves you to endeavour to wipe
ott by Conforming for ve future your actions to the regula-
tion* & orders made for the peace & good order of this Provco.
As I have endeavourd to make you sensible of ye ease you
enjoy under His Majesty's Government so I have not faild
often to remind you of 1(he Danger you may throw yourselves
in If by continuing in y(;)ur Disobedience & disorderly beha-
viour you abuse the patience & forbearance that lias been
shewn to you hitherto. I am willing to hope that you are
come to a better sense of yr. duty <fe that you will earnestly
endeavour to retrieve your past faults by a better conduct for

ACADIAN FBENCB.

121

the future a% you promise in your letter directed to me &
the Council. It will be requisite as I mentioned to you be-
fore, that those who have landa granted by the late Signiors,
but unfortunately have lost their deeds got proofs that may
be rely'd upon to be laid before me in Council that they may
thereby obtain surety for their possessions till deeds can be
given which cannot be till the lands are duly surveyed as I
have mentioned before, the same for those who had posses-
sions before Hia Majesty our King was master of this Pro-
vince, or befSre the Inhabitants took the Oaths of Allegiance
& no orders were given to the Contrary. But for those who
have taken lands cultivated them & settled on them contrary
to express orders given & persist in their Unlawfull acquisi-
tions I must tell them they are in an act of Disobedience <fe
ought to expect little or no favour till they return to their
duty & relinquish what they wrongfully Possess. Grants
that have been made by Mr. i)e la Valeire since this Province
was reducd to ye Crown of great Britain cannot be valid as
the said Gentleman had withdrawn out of the Province &
thereby relinquished his right — as for those who have dia-

Eutes on their possessions where the titles are lost & can
ring the Proofs as mentioned above they plead before the
Council At the usual Sessions which is in answer to the three
petitions I have received of some of the Inhabitants. I have
nothing to add at present but to exhort you to do your duty
as faithfull subjects to his Majesty and to assure you that
, when you do so you shall always find me

Messieurs, yr. friend & servt.

I P. MASCARENB.

To the Deputy's of Chiconecto to be
communicated to the Inhabitants.
W. Shibbeff, Secy.

Letter from the Bishop of Quebec addressed to Monsieur
Mascarene Annapdis Boycd.

(Translated from the French.)

As Mr. De la Goudalio informs me that he is unable alone
to perform the duties of Grand Vicar in Acadie, and as it
appears to me important that the people whom you protect
should have all the assistance they ask for as subjects of his
Britannic Majesty, I send you the Abbe Miniac a gentleman of

122

HOTAi BOOTIA DOCUHKMTB.

birth, talent, and experience, who has been for a long time
Grand Vicar and Arch(feacon.

I shall for my own^part be particularly grateful for any
kindness you may show him, after having made his acquain-
tance. -I*

I ain with profound respect.
Your very humble and obedient servant,

J. TRIN,
Eegistered by commancj Bishop of Quebec,

of his honor the prbsident

W. Shueeff, Secy.
Sept. 16, 1742.

Oovernor Mascarene to the Bishop of Quebec.

[Translated from the French.]
Sib, —

I have received the letter which you have done me the
honor to write to me. Some of the missionaries of the
Eomish Church who hftve come into this Government have
caused a great deal of trouble by endeavoring to establish a
power which is not recognized in the dominions of the King
of Great Britain and wjiich is repugnant to our laws. This
government has been dbliged therefore to make regulations
in order to restrain them within necessary limits. These
regulations are based oh the fourteenth article of the peace
of Utrecht which (while it grants the free exercise of their
religion to the inhabitants of this province, who by taking the
oath of allegiance would become subjects of the King of Great
Britain, and would be entitled to the possession of their
property) contains the following restricting clause — " So far
as the laws of Great Britain permit."

Therefore those who come into this government and who
presume to exercise any ecclesiastical power of the Romish
Church, act thereby in opposition to the laws of Great Britain,
which neither recognise nor permit the exercise of that
power. It has also been considered necessary by this Gov-
ernment to declare that no missionary priests shall come into
this province until they shall have been appointed according
to the regulations made for that purpose, and that when they
shall have been thus appointed, they shall conform to the
prescribed regulations, the design of which is not to restrain
the people in their public worship but to prevent the coming
of a greater number of ^nissionaries than that already granted

AOABUH rBENOH.

123

to the inhabitants by the indulgence of this government or
than that settled in the country when it was reduced under
the power of the Crown of Great Britain and at the same time
to restrain these missionaries within the limits of their duty
towards this government, whose permission they have to
discharge the duties of their office. These regulations Sir
are contained in substance in the enclosed paper in order that
you may become acquainted with them and thereby prevent
the trouble which those missionaries will cause, who shall
come or be sent in opposition to the terms therein expressed —
an instance of which we have in the case of Messrs Miniac
and Girard as you may observe by the minute of Council
which is also enclosed.

Those even who shall be nominated in conformity to these
regulations may look forward to the certainty of being ordered
to leave the Province if they do not act as they ought — by
giving to the people a good example of obedience to this
government. I hope Sir that the distinguished reputation
you enjoy in your Church, will induce you to prevent the
desolation and ruin which the improper conduct of certain
missionaries has nearly brought upon the poor inhabitants of
this province.

Any other liberty Sir, that you desire to procure tor your
missionaries must be obtained at the court of G. Britain I
am obliged to act here according to our law and the instruc-
tions of our court— In everything conformable to these laws
and these instructions, I shall do my best to show that I have
the honour to be.

With profound respect
vour very humble and obt. servant
^ ^ P. MASCARENE

Annapolis Royal
Dec. 2nd 1742
To the Bishop of Quebec

By his honor's command
Wm Shibbeff Secy.

Qov. Mascarene to Lords of Trade.

■ Annapolis Rotal

1 24th September, 1742.

Bight HoNonKABLE j i. j-a; i

Having in all my representations mentioned the ditncuJ-

ties this Government labors under for want of knowing how

124

HOVi SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

tiniispose of the increftso of the French Inhabitants ; and as
these Inhabitants are not qualified to constitute a lower house
whereby to form a general Court or Assembly, all transactions
with them are managed hitherto by messages and letters
directed to some of tbem, chosen in the several districts to
act for the whole. I cftn therefore not inform your Lordships
better, than by enclosing the extracts of letters and answers,
of the means used to maintain his Majesty's rights and
authority and prevent the growing disorder, as much as the
situation we are in canj allow of, till new instructions on that
head can be obtained] which in all my representations for
these two years and a Jialf past, I have most humbly applied
for. * * * « * * '^^

I am, &c.,

The Lords Commissioners
of Trade, &c. &c. fee.

•}

P. MASCARENE.

(Order Book.)

Collection of Ordera Rules or Regulations in Relation to
The Missionary Romisfi Priests in his Britannick Majesty's
Province of Nova Scotia Extracted from the Council Books
and Ordered to be here| Recorded as by Minute of Council on
Tuesday the first of M^rch, 174 1 :

Whereas The said Prfests have of their own accord Resorted
hither without acknowledging his Majesty's Sovereignty and
Jurisdiction in and ovef this his said Province or paying the
Least Respect or Obedjence to this His Majesty's Government
and have been Guilty qf Sedition and Treachery as in Parti-
cular Charlemaine, Igi^ace <fec. Preferring the authority by
Which they pretend to be Sent, to that of his Britannick
Majesty which they haVe so frequently dispised.

Ordered that no Prjest shall be Permitted into This his
Majesty's Province But) by and with the advice consent and
approbation first asked jand obtained from his Majesty's Gover-
ment. .

That if at any time the Inhabitants Belonging to any of the
Parishes shall want a Priest on account of a vacancy they
shall be obliged first to: Petition this hip Majesty's Goverment
for Leave to have one and Upon Such Leave obtaiu'd to apply
where they Please for a Priest.

That Upon the Pries s comeing into this province By virtue

ACADIAN rtlEHCH.

125

of the leave obtain'd by the Inhabitants he shall before he
shall exercise any part of his Priestly fonction jjresent himself
to the Govr. or Commander-in-Chief and his Majesty's Council
for Admittance or Approbation. ,..,,, ^ m-

That in case any of them thus Admitted shall at any lime
behave themselves Irregularly and with Contempt and disre-
spect to the rules and orders of this His Majesty's Province
while they are in it, they may expect to be dismissed the

"^That it is agreed upon and expected by the Goverment that
no Missionary Priest thus admitted shall possess himself of
nor exercise any part of his Priestly functionm any other
parish than in that for which he was petitioned without the
Goverraent's permission first had and obtained nor is any priest
so admitted by the Goverment to remove himself from the
parish allotted' to him to another by any authority but by that
of this Goverment. . ,,

That no Romish Priest of any degree or Denomination shall
Presume to Exercise any of their Ecclesiasticall Jurisdiction
within this his Majesty's.said Province. ^ ^^g^^^j^^NE.

By order of liis Honour the President
by & With the Advice of the Council
Extracted

W. Shirbeff, Secey.

Oovernor Maacarene to Secretanj of State.

J Annapolis Royal

3rd December 1742

My Lord, —

I have missed no proper opportunity to acquaint Youf
Grace with the transactions here and lately on the 24th bep-
tember and 2nd October list, since which I have received a
letter from the Bishop of Quebec with others from t^p othef
Priests he has sent into this Province, which, with the
answers thereunto, and the minute of Council thereon are
here enclosed. That Bishop pretends to the power of sending
at pleasure his missionaries into this Government, as pre-
sumiuK it a part of his diocese and would dignify one or more
of those with the title of grand Vicars for this Province. As
this has never been allowed, and would be of bad conse-
quence, I endeavour in my answer to his letter to make him

12«

MOVl flCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

ZS'n^p'"'' ^Vi^^^ ^ "' """^ '° consequence of the

Buch T cT/e Tt wm S'^'^T. ^'^'^ "^'" •'>'' ^'^^ how far in
?orce them to u" ^" " ''^^ ^"^^^ °^ '^' Government to

to that Bishop the power of throwing his Missionarfes We at
?aTe\S2L^et^r^:3e^.J^^^

fl,JJ'V'"^"?''^°'f'l'*'"" '"^f'^ ^'•encl' language in which
they were writ, and have been answered, ntt fnlv as tht
being the last opportunity there is here to writl S Winter
no time was allovved for translating them and hardly enS
for transcribing but as i^ shews I lm obliged to make Sse of
intrlK^Sntlp^r^"^ ''' Inh^abitants t ^^

I am &c.

P. MASCARENE

Govt. Mascarene to Alexander Bourg.
(Order Book.)

g,g_ Ani|apoli8 Rotal, Octobr. 2l8t 1743.

TnfoJ?P°° f^^y'^'S I^ep<)rts of the Savages Behaviour and
Intention of Causemg Disturbance in the Country, I have b

nLT- ^K "n^ "P°'' ^"*''' ™«*n« * "methods of mainSne
peace in this Province ag I hope wiU nrove off«^f.ml M^F
withstanding tl^ Troubles that'^ma^ be^Elsewhte Ltl

\hrTro^IZ-^'S''''^'rJ '^''^ Consultations Included in
tile Proclamation Herewith sent You which vou are to «?««

may be Publickly Read in the Severall DistrS Wthfu ^Z

^tent of your Commissiofi after which you are to place the

«d. Proclamation amongsti the Other Records of Your Office

ACADIAN FBt»OH.

127

that Recourse thereunto may be Had as the case at any time
may Require, So that 11 the Inhabitants will live in peace and
have Regard to their True Interest, I doubt not but by Duely
observeing and Executing the Orders Reconunended to them
that peace will be thereby maintained amongst us Because
when once the Savages are made Truely sensible that their
Depredations will Infallibly cause the Inhabitants Ruin they
will be thereby Restraind For I beleive that which Contri-
butes most to the promoting of these their unwarrantable En-
terprises is that they think they do thereby Service to the In-
habitants seeing they find the Inhabitants so much Inclin'd to
Receive and Take of their unjust Spoils, which is monstrous.
We have no News Since I wrote you Last. Qantier is
Dayly Expected. It will be proper to Signify to the Savages
that in case war may Ever at any time be Proclaimed Be-
tween the two Crowns That I shall When it so Happens make
it Publickly known which when done is not a'declareing war
in this Country Either against the Inhabitants or Savages who
if they are wise may live in peace in Regard to us, Notwith-
standing any such Distant Troubles which is what you ought
to make Both the Inhabitants and Savages fully Comprehend
for altho' we have not as yet any News of a War Being Pro-
claimed Between Great Britain & franco Still it is Necessary
to prepare peoples minds in case any such thing shouli^^o
Happen. I am
' Sir

Your friend and Servt.

, P. MASCARENE.

To Alexr. Bourg 1

Notary &c. at Minas.

By his Hour, the Presidts Command.

W. SHiBEfiFF, Secy.

Oov. Mascarene to M. Oouddie, Priest.
Sir,—

I am Well satisfyed with the assurances you Give me on
your Side as well as those of the other Missionary's to Act in
Concert in maintaining the Inhabitants of this Province in
peace and Tranquility and in their duty towards the Gover-
ment as the Oath They Have Taken Obliges them to, Mr.
Laboret is the only one I have a Bad Opinion of and With
whom I perceive I shall be Obliged to Piioceed in such »

I2d

KOVi( SCOTtA DOCaMlSNTfl.

taanneraa to make hind Sensible his Behaviour is no Wavn
Agreeable here. What a happiness is it for these InhabitISs
to have ,t m their power to injoy the Sweets of peace WM?
tj'^-Lu^''' ^'■'^ ^^'""'^^ ^'*h the scourge of War and

wZ Iw T r ^"r'%*/'!,'^ ^'"••'^ °^ '" *•'« ^orld to Come
Who by Inciting these Inhabitants into disorder will naturaHv

mZuT /V V ' Punishment Due to RebeliroUs TeoS
*^^ .t^ « u' ^*J.^'*7 ^ *''*' P°«t ^''i'^h I am in ObliZ me "
to let his Subjects feel tjie Mildness of his Goverment whik?
they Render themselvesi worthy of it besides my In 01^211
naturally lead me to it wherefore if every one aS at the
same End we m^ prevent trouble from approach ng Us I
called the small I^ooks fou sent me Mercurjs Bu Ind thev
are calbd Hisstorick Npuvells for the present age which !
would be glad to have as I already desired the favour of vou
I shall satisfy Mr. Morrell The Cost he is at Through You;
hands or by any other m^ans You Think Proper rd ff he wUl
be so good as to Joyn the Mercury GaUaunt^to them I sS
be Under a great obligation to him and You for Your Good
ness m procuring them.

iJfh!f IZ^^^ "'* °^ t'^^ prisoners <fe kiUed and wounded
n the Last Engagement n Germany it being some satisfaction

Who «nff" '•'•'"".* °*^ t'^ °f Our friends and ReEns
action but as they are a^ in English they would be of no Use
MiSnnJ?!""^ you would make my Compliments to Mr.
Miniac and believe me to be with Real Esteem

Sir
Yonr most Obedt

Humble Servt.
Annapolis Royall, U NoJ. 1743 ^^ ^^SCARENE.

By his Honor the Pres^dts Command

W. Shibbeff, Sect

Governor Maacarene to Secretary of Bale

Ht Lobd,—

* #

AnWAPOLIS ROTAt,

1 December 1743

we 8h«II laT,n„, A ^^^ ^^"^^r ^ •"epfesent the difficulties

J^CSDitulattr; '"''^r- f '*'' °^ ^ '•"f t"'-^ ^J"' France by
recapitulating m as brief a manner as 1 can the substance of

>V,

ACADIAN FBBaCH.

129

toy former representations to your Grace with some addition
in regard to our present condition. ^»"on

1st. The Inhabitants of this province except what belongs
to the two garrisons of Annapolis and Canso are all French
Itoman Catholics who were allowed on their taking the Oaths
of Allegiance to keep their possessions and enjoy their rel'
gion. Tljese Inhabitants cannot be depended on for assistance
in case of a Rupture with Prance, it is as much as we can
expect if we can keep them from joining with the enemv or
being stirred up by them to rebell. To prevent thLlhave
used the best means I could since I have had the adminis-
tration of the affairs of this province especially by mZng
them sensible ot the advantage and easi the/en/oy uS
the British Government, whereby to wean them from their oW
masters, but as to do this effectually a considerable time w U

5ft;n''^f"'''!^7*'''' f^r'^^f '" '^^ °'«*"^'™° '« "' a worse con
dition for defence than the other American Plantations who
have inhabitants to defend them whilst far from having anv
dependence on ours we are obliged to guard against them. ^
2d Of the two holds we have in this province, Annapolis
Royal and Canso, the last where four companies are quartered
and IS near to Cape Breton has no other defence than a Block
house bu.lt of Timber by the Contribution of the Fishermen
who resort there and a few inhabitants settled in that place-
for the repan-8 of whfoh the officers have often been obliged
to contribute, as Avell as to those of the Huts in which the
soldiers are quartered. It cannot therefore be expected that
that place can make any considerable resistance against the
force the people of Cape Breton may bring againsT it. As
for Annapolis Royal the Fort being built of earth of a sandy
nature is apt to tumble down in heavy rains or in thaws after
frosty Aveather. To prevent this a revestraent of Timbers
has been made use of which soon decaying remedies the evil
but for a short space of time, so that for these many years
past there has been only continual patching. The Board of
Ordnance has sent Engineers and Artificers in order to build
the Fort with Brick and Stone, but little could be done for
these two summers past than providing part of the materials
and making conveniences for landing them, so that when I
received the above mentioned directions there were several
breaches of easy access to an enemy, Which I immediately
ordered to be repair'd in which the season has favored us
beyond Expectation. I shall beg leave of your Grace to make
two remarks on the rebuilding of this Fort.

130

HOTA BCOTIA D0CITKEHT8,

The first, that after the taking of this place, it was judged
that considering the tjatiire of the Inhabitants about na and
the compass of the Fort, I no less than five hundred men were
requisite to defend it, wpich nnmber was accordingly left in
Garrison. As the plan Agreed to by the Board of Ordnance
for rebuilding the Fort ia to contain the same space of ground,
and aa the five Companies here consist by Establishment of
no more than Thirty oDe private men when complete, the
number will fall much ?hort of what is necessary for the
defence of the Works in time of War.

The Second thing I beg leave to remark is that the town
which consists of two Streets, the one extending along the-
river side and the other along the neck of land the extremities
whereof are at a quartef- of a miles distance from the Port,
has no defence against a surprize from the Indians. The
materials for the new bi^ilding and the Artificers are lodged
there, as well as several! families belonging to the Garrison
who for want of convenJency in tlie Fort, are obliged also to
quarter there. I

Third, As I was sensible of the many difficulties we should
here labour under in ca^se of a rupture with France, I writ
about two years ago the Governor of the Massachusetts Bay
for assistance in such a 0ase, and tho' what may be expected
from them may not he t(jo much relied on, yet it has no little
influence in keeping at Uast our inhabitants in some awe. * *

am &G

No address.

P. MASCARENE

Oovr. Mascareni to Alexander Bourg, Notary.
(i:.«Uer Book.)

AuNAPOTJS Royal, 27 July 1744.
Sir,—

Being Informed Thalt yo« not only refVised to the Inhabi-
tants of the River Canafd a Copy of the Pnblick Orders of
Govennent Prohibiting : the Exportation of Cattle <fec To
Lewisbonrg or any other places for the Supply of the Enemys
of our master His Britanick Majesty but also as Notary Re-
fused assisting Those of the Grand Prie and Pisiqnid in There
Association for the preventing all such Abuses By Writeing
their sd. commendable agreements for Strictly Puting The
orders of Goverment in Execution, Which giving me an un-

ACJDIAN FBENCH.

131

expected surprise I therefore in Friendship to you Desire You
may send me your Reasons for sd. Refusall and not giving the
Deputys of the River Canard a copy of sd. Orders And in
hope you are not shaken in your Allegiance to our Sovereign
the King of Great Britain I still subscribe myselfe
Monsieur,

Your friend & Servant,
^ „ 1 P. MASCARENE..

To Monsr. Alexr. Bourg, |
Notary at Minca.

Oovr. Mascarene to Lords of Trade.

Aknapolis Royal, 20th Sept. 1744.
Right Honokable, —

As it is my Dutj', so I humbly think I have never
fail'd laying before your Lordships his Grace the Duke
of Newcastle & the Secy at war, the true state of this
his Majesty's Province and Garrison k what we most appre-
hend in case of a war with France ; <fe that since the Receipt
of the Lords of the Regency's circular Letter I had used my
utmost Endeavours to put the Fort in the best posture of De-
fence our time <fe the Circumstances we were in would possi-
bly permit, <fe hope your Lordships will pardon the Trouble of
these frequent <fe necessary Representations.

Since 9th June last the Emissarys of the French at Lewis-
burg have stirr'd up & prevail'd with the Indians to side with
them, and accordingly having broke their faith with us, being
wholly devoted to the false Tenet ot their much more deceit^
full Priests, came on ye first of July to the number of about
300 as I have been informed to assault & demand the Fort,,
which Vas then in a very weak condition for want of materials
to repair, as well as almost men to defend it ; for the French
who hitherto had not only furnish'd us with Timbers, but as-
sisted us in carrying on the other necessary works, intirely
left us, by which means they so far gain'd their End as to re-
tard our fortifying <fe even to deprive us of Firewood, & con--
tinu'd infesting us till the 5th ; that a Reinforcement of 70
men, upon representation of our state to the Govr. of ye
Massachusetts arriv'd from that Province, upon which they
retir'd to Menis, where they remain'd waiting for news from
Lewisburg, from whence by way of Bay Avert & Chicanecto,
some OfiBcers <fe Regular Trgops to the number of 200 being

132

KOVA PCOTIA DOCtTMEKra.

landed <fe having gathefd together several nations of tha
Savages, to about 450 moire, as I have been informed, arriy'd at
the head of our river, amongst whom were also, as it is re^
ported, some of our Meijiis Inhabitants, <fe in two days after
came nearer to us & nefer ceased harrassing us both night
& day.

We have had two mJ3re Reinforcements from the_ Massa-
chusetts Governmt. ; thd whole they have sent ns being 170
men, the last are a Company of Rangers under the Command
of Capt. Gorham, but are too weak to cope with such a
number of adversary's, who since their Arrival gave out that
they daily expected a Reinforcement of 250 more, (who for
ought we know, have jqin'd them as their fires seem to bo
increas'd) besides a stijong Armament by sea, which they •
gave out had also Land forces on Board. This Armament it
is said to consist of a 70 <fe a 60 Gun ship with a large
Schooner with all manne^r of warlike stores necessary for the
Reduction of the place, & indeed I must say they are already
masters of the whole pijovinco, except this Fort, which I am
determin'd to defend to i;he utmost of my power, had we only
the common necessarysi of Life, which at present are not a
little wanted, for the Itwer house of Representatives, tho'
they have consented to send us men, yet they object against
the Expence of provisiops, pay, arming & Clothing their men,
who are almost naked, i<fe most without arms, & not having
above a fortnights proyisions, they must enter upon those
sent for the Regiment Or be sent back which will endanger
the Garrison. If in thfs our deplorable state I should, by
drawing Bills with the kdvice of the Officers for the Subsist-
ance of these auxiliarysl do thereby what may appear irregu-
lar ; I hope necessity wjill plead in my behalf, as I have no
other views than the piiblick service by keeping this fort as
long as I am able with the Officers & men under my command j
& I trust your Lordships will represent the Situation we ara
in, in such a manner to This Majesty as may graciously accept
of our best endeavours in maintaining thi.s place to the utmost
-of our ability & power j & the circumstances we are in will
allow of & that his Majesty may favourably look over the
mistakes which at this Distance our not knowing how to go
thro' the proper channells may occasion — I must also acquaint
your Lordships that Mpnsr Duvivier, who took Canso & com-
mands this flying party, hath given it out that he is to remain
here the winter, with 1?00 mea & intends, if the Ships before
mention'd don't arrive, to take us bj an assault if we don't

-n

ACADIAN FBENCH.

133

surrender thro' the want of the aforesaid necessarys ; to
prevent which is my sole motive, thro' the advice of the
Officers, for keeping the Massachusetts Auxiliary, & to Draw
as aforesaid, which I hope will meet with approbation, & due
acceptance ; & as I am told, if the French ships dout come
this fall, that they will be with us very early in the Sprmg
we live in hopes we shall have the seasonable protection of
some of his Majesty's ships of war with a reenforcement of
Troops of a superior force, which is humbly recommended, &
earnestly Desir'd, by

Right Honourable
Yor Lordships most Obdt & hume. Servt

^ P. MASCARENE

The Right Honble ,

Ye Lords Commissrs

for Trade «fe Plants.

Gov. Mascarene to Lords of Trade.

Right Honohable

Since the foregoing, some of the people who came last
from New England, having at their Landing & before they
were thoroughly acquainted with ye place, straggled about
the Gardens from whence the Enemy has been us'd to annoy
us they soon brought the French and Indians upon them, &
thereby a pretty smart Engagement as I was oblig'd to send
assistance to our men <fe the Enemy pour'd their partys thick
on them ; As we had at that time a strong Detachment down
our Bason to fetch firewood, under cover of the arm'd Brigan-
tine which convey'd our last Reinforcement, I was loath to let
the Engagement go too far & order'd our men to retreat, we
lost a Sergeant & had a private man slightly wounded : By
the Enemy's not advancing & ceasing firing, on our men re-
treating, we have reason to believe the damage we did them
is not inconsiderable the rather that some of our French in-
habitants, coming to us for tho first time this month past, to
ask thQ reason of some of their houses being burnt, winch
happen'd during the time of this last engagement, are since
return'd to acquaint me that the Enemy was marcliing up our
river with an intention as they thought to return to Menis.

This shews how much the preservation of this place is ow-
ing to the Reinforcement we have received from the Province
of the Massachusetts Bay, & how necessary it is to set In^

134

NOYA

SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

dians against Indians ; fpr tho' our men out do them in Bra-
very yet being unacquaipted with their sculking way of fight-,
ing & Scorning to fight under cover, expose themselves too
much to the Enemy's sh(j)t.

Right fiononrable
Yoi r Lordships

most Obdt & most humb. Servt.
Annapolis Royal, i P. MASCARENB.

Sep. 25th 1744.

M. Du Vivier's order i ) the mhabifants of Mines, Phiquid,
River Qinard, and Cobequid. /

(Translated from the French.)

We captain of infantry, commanding the troops detached
for the enterprise of Port Royal by order of Mr. Du Qifenel,
post captain Knight of the royal and military order of St.
Louis commanding at Isle Royale and adjacent places, declare
in the King's name, as follows —

The inhabitants of Mines comprising the parishes of Grand
Pre, River Canard, Piziqnid and Cobequid, are ordered to
acknowledge the obedience they owe to the King of France,
and in consequence the said parishes are called upon for the
following supplies : thati of Grand Pre, eight horses and two
men to drive them : thit of the River Canard, eight horses
and two men to drive !them: and that of Piziquid, twelve
horses, and three men to drive them : as also the powder
horns possessed by thei said inhabitants, one only being re-
served for each house.j The whole of the above must be
brought to me at ten jo'clock on Saturday morning at the
french flag which I haVe had hoisted, and under which the
deputies from each of the said parishes shall be assembled, to
pledge fidelity for themselves and all the inhabitants of the
neighbourhood who shalf not be called away from the labours
of the harvest. All th|Dse for whom the pledge of fidelity
shall be given will be l^eld fully responsible for said pledge,
and those who contravene the present order shall be punished
as rebellious subjects, ind delivered into the hands of the
savages as enemies of {the state, as we cannot refuse the
demand which the savates make for all those who will not
submit themselves. Wp enjoin also upon those inhabitants
who have acknowledgejd their submission to the King of
Prance to acquaint us promptly with the names of all who
wish to screen themselves from the said obedience, in order

ACADIAN FKENCH.

135

that faithful subjects shall not suflfer from any incursiotts
which the said savages may make. ^^ VIVIER.

Grand Pr6 ;

August 27tlii. 1744. |

[Translated from the French.]

To M. Be Ganne, Knight, Cajdain of infardry <xmrmnding
the troops and the savages unUed, ai present tn the country.

We the undersigned humbly representing the inhabit
ants of Mines, river Canard, Piziquid, and the surrounding .
rivers, beg that you will be pleased to consider that whde
there would be no difficulty by virtue, of the strong force
which you command, in supplying yourself with the quantitj
<,f grain and meat that you and M. Du Vivier have ordered
it would be quite impossible for us to furnish the quantity
you demand, or even a smaller, since the harvest has not been
lo good as f e hoped it would be, without placing ourselves

*" We hoprgentleraen ttot you will not plunge both ourselves
and our lainilies into a state of total loss ; and that this con-
sideration will cause you to withdraw your savages ami
troops from our districts. ,

We live under a mild and tranquil EO^^rrixaent,Biid^^
have all good reason to be faithful to it We hope therefore,
that you will have the goodness not to separate us irom it ,
and tLt you will grant us the favour not to plunge us into
utter misery. This we hope from your goodness, assuring
you that we are with much respect, gentlemen.

Your very humble and obedient servants— acting for
the" communities above mentioned.

JACQUES tfiBLANC
PIERRE LeBLANC
FRANCOIS LeBLANC
RENNE M GRANGE Sent.
CLAUDE LeBLANC
JACQUES TERRIOT
ANTOINE LANDRY
PIERRE RICHARD Senr.
JOSEPH H GRANGER v^

R. LeBLANC
Mines Oct 10. 1744,

136

NOTA SCOTIA DOCUKEKTS.

Mr. Mex. Bourg, Notaiy at Mines..

I am willing gent: emen out of regard for yoa to comply
with your demand.

De GANNE.
Oct. 13. 1744.

Govt. Mascarehe to Frances Belleisle Bobishau.

(Letter Book.)

■

(Tnislatcd from the French.)

Annapolis Royal, Oct. 13, 1744.
Madame, —

When I learned tllat your father, in the hope of recover-
ing his eeigneurial rigljita, had sided with those who came to
attack this fort, I confess I was of opinion that the whole
family participated in his feelings ; and the more so, as your
brother was with the ^rst party of savages who came here
last summer.

I am agreeably surprised however, and very glad to see by
your letter that you d(d not share in those sentiments ; and
that you have remained true to the obligations which bind
you to the government of the King of Great Britain, I am un-
willing that the esteem which I have, entertained for you
should be in any mannjer lessened.

With respect to thei protection which you ask for your es-
tablishment on the riyer St. John, it is out of my power to
grant it. We can not protect those who trade with our de-
clared enemies. Therefore you must resolve to remain on
this side during the colntinuance of the present troubles, and
to have no intercourse: with the other. Should you come and
see us here, you will find me disposed to give you all the
assistance that you can reasonably expect.

Bs assured that I am,
Madam,

Your fi-iend and servant,

P. MASCARENB.

Hiss Frances Belleisle Robishau.

ACASIAH FBENCH.

137

Governor Mascarene to Deputies of Mines, Pixig^uid, and
Biver Canard.

(Letter Book.)
(Translated from the French.)

Gentlkmen, —

Annapolis Royal, Oct. 13, 1744.

I am much pleased to learn by the deputies whom you
have sent here that the inhabitants in general have remained
true to the allegiance which they owe to the King of Great
Britain their legitimate Sovereign, notwithstanding the efforts
which have been made to cause them to disregard it. You
have only to recollect what I have so often written to you, to
perceive that I had partly ioreseen what must happen.
. Measures were taken to show the inhabitants the sad effects
which would have followed their revolt, and it is necesary, in
order to prevent all the consequences of it, that those who
are suspected of being implicated in the designs of the enemy,
vindicate themselves as soon as possible. Amongst the latter
are those who have been- trading to Louisburg— selling, buying
or transporting cattle or other merchandise for the people ot
this place, as well as those who have employed their vessels
in the enemy's service or have accompanied them m their
expeditions, and in general all the private persons who have
assisted them. Wherefore they must make it appear that it
was pure violence which compelled them to do this. With
respect to those who have actually taken up arms, whether
inhabitants or strangers, the first, being guilty of rebellion
have no excuse ; and the others must leave the country belore
tranquillity can be restored. For if we shall be obliged to
send to your neighborhood to drive these strangers away, as
well as to call to account those who will not come and clear
themselves from the just suspicions that are entertained con-
cerning them, those who have done their duty, and for whom
we have great consideration, must unavoidably share m the
trouble that military people generally bring with them, and
which I should like to prevent as much as possible.

I have not received any deputation from the people ot
Cobequid, but you may inform them of what has been required
of you, in order that they shall conform to it. . . ,

As to the people of Chicanccto, they are like criminals
against whom sentence is about to be pronounced ; and, it
they have any valid excuse to offer, why such sentence should

'■flti^'i"" I

iiarPBijM'jmii

138

H>TA SCOTIA DOCnifENTB.

be arrested, they woluld do well to offer it as soon as possible,
by their deputies. You may make this known to them. I
aend you enclosed a proclamation passed by the council ; also
a resolution passed by the same with regard to trade, which
you will have read in public in order that every one sliall
comply with it. It is absolutely necessary for you, in the
present condition of affairs, to inform me frequently of the
Btnte of your departments, as too long a del*y might prove
hurtful to you. Thjere are comers and goers enough ; but
should no opportunity of that kind present itself, you might
join with the other departments and send an express. My
feelings towards you are always the same ; and so long as you
behave with fidelity towards the King of Great Britain our
lawful sovereign, and with obedience to his government, you
will always have in toe.

Gentlemen

a good friend and servant

P. MASCARENB. *
To the deputies of

Mines, Piziquid an|d the river Canard.

Oovemor Mascarene to deputies of Chicanecto.

(Letter Book.)

(Translated from the Franch.)

Annapolis Boyal Oct. 26. 1744.
Gentlemen, —

I send you the se lines to inform you that I am in a
position to execute v^hat I have so often said would happen
to you, if you failed in the allegiance which you owe to his
Britannic Majesty. If you wish therefore to avoid the danger
which threatens youjdo as the other department* have done —
send your deputies, give an account of your conduct, and
show the submission to which your oath of allegiance to the
government of the ^ing of Great Britain binds you. In that
case you siiall still li^ve iu me a friend and servant.

P. MASCARENE.

The deputies of Chicanecto.

ACADIAN FBENCH.

139

Extract from a letter of Gov. Mascarene to the Deputies of
Chicanecto.

(Letter Book.)
(Translated from the French.)

Before closing I must inform you, that in the petition
which you have presented to me, you make use of terms
which require explanation ; for, therein you say " that you will
adhere to the promise that you have made to take up arms
neither for nor agaikt the King of Great Britain." I must
repeat what 1 have so often told you, that the King of Great
Britain is your lawful sovereign, by the cession which his
most Christian Majesty made to him, of the country and of
the inhabitants who cliose to remain here — rendering them-
selves the subjects of his Britannic Majesty in taking the oath
of allegiance to him, whereby they were to enjoy their pro-
perty, and the free exercise of their religion. If in taking this
oath of allegiance, the government was kind enough to say
to you, that it would not compel you to take up arms, it was
out of pure deference, and more than had been stipulated for
you. In consequence of your oath you owe every obedience
and every assistance to the King your Sovereign ; and you
ought to take it as a great favour that he does not compel you
to take up arras.

But you owe no assistance, no obedience to any authority
that docs not emanate from his Britannic Majesty ; and you
have the strongest reason for abstaining from givmg any
assistance to his enemies.

Reflect well upon this, and upon what I have pointed out to
you in my preceding letters, in order that you may rectify
your conduct in those particulars in which you have erred.

Be assured, that, if you do this, aud behave yourselves as
faithful subjects of the King of Great Britain, you shall have

in me,

Gentlemen, /

I A friend and Servant.

PAUL MASCARENE.

Annapolis Royal, Nov. 16, 1744.

To the deputies of the department of Chicanecto,
to be read in public.

140 »(IVA SCOTU DOCUMENTS.

Oovemor Maacarend to Ghvernor Shirley.

Annapolis Royall Deer 1744.
Sib— '

I have in the course of this Summer given You an acct.
of the different statejs this Garrison has been in butt as I was
oblig'd to write alwaiys in haste, from the nature of our busi-
ness and the dispatch necessary to be given to the Vessells ;
I could not give you a right nation of our Circumstances.
The Enemy being now att last withdrawn there is time for
recollection and therefore I shall give you a larger detail of
the several Enterprises made against this Place and how they
have been baffled anfl att last ended to our advantage.

On the 18th of MJay I found a sudden pannick had seiz'd
the whole lower Town where several Officers and Soldiers
&milys were quartep'd, every body removing their goods to
the Port. Upon enjquiry I found a rumour had spread that .
one Morpin a famous commander of a privateer in the last
Warr, was up our River with five hundred French and
Indians. Whatever inquiry I could make I could not find the
author of this reporti, and tha' We were assur'd the next day
that this piece of nejws was false, the impression it had made
would not however be taken off' from most peoples minds.

The Massachusettis Galley arriv'd soon after with the Chief
Engeneer and brought us an acct. that by a printed paper
seen in Boston it appear'd Warr was declar'd against France
tho' the Government! there had no orders as yet from Home to
proclame it. This ntade several officers take the resolution to
send their familys to; New England and the Galley took accoi-d-
ingly as many as she would conveniently carry and a little
while after two Veissells more were freighted with part of
those remaining and yet we had within this little while above
seventy women and children left and quarter'd within the
Compass of the Por^.

Our Port as to its Ramparts and Parapets was in a ruinous
condition, the few materiels we had proper to repair tiiem had
been iraploy'd in patching the most dangerous Places, upon
the first notice I had by the Circular letter of their Excellcys.
the Lords of the Regency. The orders for rebuilding the
Port with masonary having made the Old to be for several
years totally neglected. The Chief Engeneer therefore, till
he could procure proper materials to repair the old went on
with the project of the new building, for which stones, BHcks

ACADIaS FBKNca«

141

& lime had been in part procur'd : butt the news of the taking
of Canso, and the orders for procUumnig Warr with France,
made me urge the Engeneer to-pntt by the project of rebu.ld-
^ff and to go in good earnest to the repairs necessary for our
deffence The French Inhabitants show'd themselves ready,
not only to gett the timber necessary for that kind of work,
butt to be employ'd in the Repairs, and we had gone on in
some parts of it when on the Ist of July, the first j^rty o
Indians consisting of about three hundred came to interrupt
us They were no sooner known to be att the "PPer end of
the River, butt all the french Inhabitants left us and withdrew
to their Habitations. _ „ „„,

I had then not a hundred men of the five Company s, Officers
Included, fitt for duty. The Artificers brought from Old and
New England tho' most, especially the first,have provjd ready
on occasion and behav'd with courage and resolution yet
could not be expected to be under command in the .ame
manner as regular Troops, and some of those from J<ew Lug-
E declaring they came to Work and not to fig^^^t, caus'd a
backwardness and dispiritedness amongst their fellows.

In this first onsett of the Indians, we had two men kill d,
who contrary to my orders had gone out in some of the ^r-
dens; and some officers with a number of ^^en who w th too
little precaution went out early m the »"°™,ng to pull down
a house in the Governor's grounds according to the orders
f S given the night before, had like to ^-e been cutt
off- They all gott in however without hurt. The B.nemy
encourag'd with this success came under cover of some
Ses ^and barns to the foot of the Glacis and kept a con,
tinualfire of small arms, 'till dislodg'd by our Can°°°; ^^he^
then went towards the lower town, the e^'femity whereof is
above a quarter of a mile from the Fort, and sett fire to the
houles which soon gain'd near the Block house 8>t«atod in
K middle of the street, butt which by being s""ounded wi h
garden fences was not without danger of having a share in
the conflagration. The Sergeant who was with a small guard
nthat sTock house att sigl.t of the fire about h'™ ««nt me
word of it and desir'd leave to withdraw. As from the Fort
we were sensible of his danger and I had no'^-^^d/^te means
to relieve him, I sent him word he might withdraw; But upon
the proposal of the Engineer to send Mr. How on board the
Ordnance Tender with%ome of the Artificers to strengthen
Her Crew and fall down opposite to the Town and scour the
Btreet, I sent a detachment under the command of a Captem

142

N07A SCOTIA DOCUMHaJTS.

who supported by the cannon of the Tender and Joyn'd by Mr,
How and the Artifiders, replac'd the Guard in the Block
house, putt the Indians to flight, pull'd up the garden fences
and sett fire to some houses still remaining too near the block-
house and thereby affording a cover to the Enemy. I liad
the evening before cajis'd to be pull'd down a parcel of hovells
which by the allowan|ce of former Governrs had been built in
a hollow of our Glacig reaching almost to the Parapet of our
cover way, a dangerous place which long ago I had wanted
to have fill'd up as being from thence the Enemy in former
times had annoy'd us.

The officers and volunteers amongst whom the Fort Major
and Mr. How returnihg with the party from the lower town
propos'd to me to l^vel the Barns and Stables within half
musquett shot from the Garrison, from whence in the morning
the Enemy had kept a continual fire and where it was
expected he would come again and find a constant shelter.
This Party was in high spirits, I would not baulk them and
there was no time to call the officers together for their
opinion and consent. I only desir'd the}' would spare a house
on which Captain Datiiel had thrown a good deal of expence,
and which was withojit musquet shott of the Fort, butt this
has not avaii'd much as the Ennemy has since rifled it and
onr cannon in order fp dislodge the Ennemy has pierc'd and
shatter'd it in many Places.

The Enemy finding it not easy to aproach our Fort kept
about a mile distance, and gave us no great trouble except in
stealing some of our Sheep and Cattle. The arrival of the
Massachusetts Galley with Seventy auxiliaries and a Captain
& Ensign made this I^arty of Indians leave us and go up the
River from whence fthey proceeded to Manis, one of our
French Inhabitant Settlements about twenty leagues from this
Place, where they stay'd till the grand Project hatching att
Lewisburg would be ibrought to effect.

The same Gaily soi^n after returning brought us forty men
more with a proporti(>n of officers to form with those come be-
fore, three Companys, These auxiliaries augmented our num-
bers butt could not be of immediate service, as they came for
the most part unprovjded with arms. Our own had been on
tryall found for the most part deffective and were putt into
the hands of the smith for repair. To supply this want I
ordered out of the Ordnance stores all that could be gott fitt
for service. With these and our own Arms as they could be
repair'd I made a shift to arm our own men and our Auxiliaries,

ACABiAN FBEKCH.

143

which was hardly efl'ected, and they lodg'd in the Fort, in
Barracks fitted up with all the dispatch consistent with the
other Repairs necessary for our Defence when I was inform'd
that a Detachment of officers and men from Lewisburg with a
larger Body of Indians than had come before, amounting in
all to Six or Seven hundred men were up onr River within
three leagues of us. I made the necessary disposition to
receive them. After they had rested two days up the River,
their Journey by Land from Chignecto, where they landed
from Lewisburg, and from Manis through which they pass'd,
having been much fatiguing, they march'd down and shew'd
themselves on the brow of the hill a little more than a mile
from the Fort, and then pitch'd their Hutts under cover of it.
The next morning when they march'd down to us nnder the
cover of some hedges and fences, with Colours flying, a Gunn
was pointed att their Colours, and graz'd as we have heard
since between Monsr. Duvivier their Commander and his Bro-
ther a Lieutenant. They did not then think fitt to proceed
further, butt soon return'd to their Camp beyond the Mill, and
choose to come in the night when they could not be much ex-
posed to our artillery. They came accordingly about the Fort
keeping a C(mtinual. tire att our parapets and approaching
under the cover of the hollow, I mention'd, to the edge of the
Parapet of our cover'd way which is low and has yet no Pal-
lisadoes round it. This kind of attack kept the whole garrison
in allarra all night, none being able to sleep when there were
80 many places of our Ramparts of easy access and as the
whole is revested with firr timber not very hard to be sett on
fire.

It was after several such attacks that Monsr. Duvivier sent
his Brother with a flagg of trnce to deliver me a letter, where-
in he intimated that he expected a Seventy, a Sixty and a
Fourty gunns Shipps, manned one third above their compli-
ment, with a Transport with two hundred and fifl.v men more
of regular Troops with Cannon, mortars and other implements
of warr ; that as he knew we could not resist that Force and
must then surrender we could expect no other terras than to
be made prisonners of Warr, butt that out of the esteem and
regard he had for us if I would enter into articles, in which
he offer'd all that could be desir'd he would ensure they should
stand, tho' nothing should be concluded, till the Fleet was in
the Bassin, and we were sure it was of the strength and pro-
vided with every thing he mention'd, and that m the mean
time if our succors arriv'd the whole should go for nothing,

144

4''

K07A SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

morning my answer
were not reduc'd to
and that when his flei
der wliat we were to
the ajiswer which I

adding that as things were he had even a suflScient strength
with him to take the Fort having one hundred and fifty lad«
ders ready made, with comhustible matters Ac. to force us by
assault, concluding w|th a desire that what shouhl pass be-
tween him and I should go no further till concluded att the
arrival of the french phipps.

After having readj the letter by myself, I dismiss'd the
officer civilly and told him I would send my answer the next
morning before twelv^ o'clock, and having detain'd the officers
whom I call'd togethe|r att the reception of the flagg of truce,
I communicated Mon^. Duvivier's letter to them, and the next
to it, containing in substance that we
uch straiglits as to talk of a surrender,
t should be in our Basin we should consi-
The same Officer return'd to fetch

„_„..v- — * igave to him in presence of the officers

and dismissed him a ja fran^oise with my compliments to hia
commander. My answer not suiting with his views he sent
his brother again to desire to see some officer of his acquain*
tance, proposing in the mean time a truce. This last was
desir'd on our side toi give rest to the officers and men who
for several nights pasjt had been continually on duty, in which
I had taken my share walking our Ramparts most part of the
night. The officer went and att his return, in presence of all
the officers of the [ifarrison he told that Mons. Duvivier
appear'd in his discourse to have no other design, in what he
propos'd, than wluit \fould be allow'd to be for the advantage
of the Garrison, and that, he said, as nothing was to be con-
cluded before we were thoroughly sensible of it, we ran no
risque in accepting of his proposal and that in the mean time
no hostilities sliould l|e committed on either side.

I found all the officjers except three or four very ready to
accept of the proposal, the dread of being made prisoners of
warr having no small] influence with most. Some things were
spoke in regard to the condition of the Fort, the temper of
our men, the little support or even intelligence we had from
home with other such as gave jne a great deal of uneasiness,
and as I saw I could not withstand the torrent without endan-
gering the safety of ihe Place I gave way to it, reserving to
my self not to sign ftny articles without extremity brought
me to it. Three officjers were chosen out of the whole number
present to hear Mona. Duvivier on the purport of his letter,
butt not to mention ajnything butt as prelimmaries, and before
I could be brought tt give them power to go I desir'd the

ACADIAK FRENCB.

145

Officers to sign a representation of the state of the Garrison
each giving the part that related to the Branch under his
charge which was accordingly done and the representation
sign'd by all the Officers of the Garrison.

The three officers then wont and brought a Draught of
Capitulation from the French commander containing every
thing we could expect or demand with the restrictions above,
that is, not to be made good 'till the arrival of their sea force
as mention'd before, and to go for nothing if our succours
first arriv'd. I was desir'd and pretty much press'd to sign it,
butt 1 absolutely refus'd it, and all I could be brought to was
to allow the commissioners to sign it as preliminaries if they
thought proper. Butt this not being to the purposs of the
French Commander, he told the three commissioners that he
had gone further than he ought, and the Capitulation must be
signed to him absolutely', and that his intention was that the
whole transaction should have been carried on between him
and me only and that therefore ho could go on no further unless
we would come to his terms, upon which he produc'd another
Draught of Capitulation which the three officers absolutely
refus'd to bring to me. They then parted and agreed that the
Truce should continue no longer than the next daj' att twelve
o'clock unless I would send to him. This being reportted to
me, all the officers being present, I shew'd them the French
officer appeared to have no other intention than to entrapp ijs
by sowing division amongst us and after further discourse on
that head it was unanimoiisly resolv'd to break all parley with
him and to beginn hostilities att twelve o'clock, which was
accordingly done on our side by firing two gunns att some
men drawing too near the Garrison.

Upon some intimation being given to me that the men were
uneasy and threatened to seize their officers for parleying too
long with the Enemy, I was heartily glad to see this spirit
reviv'd which some officers had told me was entirely depress'd
in our men. I immediatelj' sent the Fort Major to acqua|jit
them with what was past and that all parley being broke off,
hostilities were agoing to beginn again, to which they ex-
press'd their assent by three chearfuU Huzzas to my great
satisfaction.

The Enemy went on with their nightly attacks and daily
skirmishes as usual, and became more and more contemptible
to the Garrison, as we found little more harm accruing to us
than the disturbance in the night, which I endeavour'd to
make up for, by keeping as few men as I could for the day
i«

146

NOTi. SCOTIA DOCUHEHTB.

service, tho' we went i)n with the works proper for our dfef-
fence aa opportunity oflfer'd. „i,„„ „„

We had been above three weeks m this scituation when an
ann'd Brigantine and a Sloop bringing hfty Indians or Rang-
elTof wo^8 arriv'd ftom Boston, butt as those before mostly
without arms As I could not lodge them in the Garrison
Set bei^ no barracks fitted up,l was obhg'd to borrow
aSis from Longst ouf men, there being none in store fitt for
erviceTwith which I Bent them to fetch some fire wood ready
cutUn the Bassin. Whilst the Rangers supported by the
Br gantine were on this service and a good many of our men
unnfrm'd on that acct. a «gl Indian come with the Bangers
and left behind, straggled^t too farr, was seiz'd and carried
S by the Ennemy. Tsent a party out in hones to rescue him
This brought on a skimish in which we ha(J a sergeant kiUd
andapri>-ate°'«°^o"°ded,and had some reason to beheve
we had doTe some Dtomage to the Ennemy I recall'd the
?arty's I U s<M out, as a good part of our force in that way
of fiehtin^^ a good part ol our arms was down m the
Bassfn Butas in presence of the wild Indian that was taken
I had express'd the day before that as soon as the Rangers
weJe come from the Bassin I would pay a visit to Mons Duvi-
Sin his Camp, I suppose Mons. Duvivier did not care to
X for it, for he decampt the next morning in very rainy
weather marching towards Mania, ^ which Place he had a
very wett and fatiguing Journey. The People who were gone
forbid being retlrn'd I found the Brigantine had some arms
to spare I ciua'd the Engeneer and Storekeeper to buy them
Si the office of ordnance's acct. and thereby arm'd these new
commers. The Brigpntine return'd to Boston and carried the
cS Engeneer whf had a call to New Hampshire to assist
that Province in Pitting itself in a posture of Defence. I
was sorry att parting with him, as he and his assistant Mr.
SmS lodging under my roof were constant comnany for
re%nd otherlisf very assisting to me. The Beju^T^ - ^^
next. I am, &c. \ ff

ThU letter i» in the handwriting of Gorernor Majcarene.

.(?oiir. Mcucarene to

Sib,—

Annapolm Botall, Deer. 1744.

' I promised yoi. the Sequel of the French attempts upon
UB and of our transactions here, which is as foUowa-

AOASIAM FBEMCH.

147

As soon as the French and Indians had left our River the
Deputies of the Inhabitants came before me in Council and
represented the dread they had been kept under by the French
Commander, producing his written orders threatening with
Death those who ahomd disobey ; They assur'd me however
that notwithstanding the entreaties and threats of Monsr.
Duvivier, none of the Inhabitants could be persuaded to take
up Arms and Joyn the Enemy. They were dismiased with
some checks for their remissness in their past, and exhorta-
tions towards their future conduct. A few days after came
Deputies from Manis, who testified also their having withstood
the same entreaties and threats and produc'd the same threat-
ening orders concerning provisions and other assistance
requir'd from them, as also a representation made by them to
Mons. Duvivier, on his offering to keep one hundred and fifty
men with oflScers at that Place, by which they dissuaded him
from it and oblig'd him to leave them, and to go to Chignicto.
The Missionaries also writt to me and made their Conduct
appear to have been on this occasion farr better than could
have been expected from them.

The Deputies from Manis were no sooner dispatch't, than

I was acquainted early in the inorning by one of the french

Inhabitants that he had been that night taken out of his bed

by a party of french and carry'd in the Bassin on board a

Shipp, which he suppos'd to be of fourty or fifty gunns having

in company a Brigantine of about twenty with Officers and

Soldiers, which came in the evening before, and took two of

our Vessells with Stores for the Garrison from Boston, which

enter 'd the Bassin the same tide after them. I call'd the

Officers together and acquainted them with the information,

without telling the way I had it, nor the latter part relating

to our two Vessells being taken, and order'd every one to

their charge according to the Disposition I had made for our

Defi"ence. .

The French Commander of this Sea armament finding their

land iorce gone did not think themselves strong enough to

attack us, tho' a Sloop which as I hear'd, had three mortars,

some canon and other warlike Stores came in the next day.

After staying three days without doing any thing else than

taking wood and water they all departed with their two prises

and once more left us free of Ennemies. I was in no small

concern for fear one ol the Vessells taken by them should be

freighted with the Provisions I expected from the Contractor

for the Garrison; but I was taken out of my pain four days

148

NOVA SJCOTIA DOCDMEKTS.

after the Departure of the French, by the arrival of the
Massachusetts Galley, Brigantino and Sloop; convoying a
Schooner loaded with our Provisions, The tryall between
them and the French if they had Stay'd would have been
hard, as the Enneiny had a much superior Force, tho' I am
sure their Commander could neither in conduct or Courage
have equall'd ours. They had notice att Boston of the French
sea Armament, butt not a just notion of their Force. Gover-
nor Shirley who has so vigourously imploy'd himself for our
relief and to whose indeffitiguable endeavours this Place in a
great measure owes it preservation, had sent this Armament
not only to Convey our Provisions ; butt also to assist in the
means of driving the French wholly out of this Province,
judging, on what I wrote to his Excellency, that they might
take their winter Quarters att Manis. As by this time I was
certain they had remov'd from that Place and gone to Chig-
Dicto, it was thought advisable considering the lateness of
the Season (November) and the difficulty of navigation for
such Shipping in that part of the Bay, to postpone the Expe-
dition, and in the meantime to send a Small Shalloup with my
letter to the Inhabitants] thereby to know their temper and
the situation of the Enqemy, whilst the Shipping Stay'd in
our Bassin to give countenance to my proceedings. Before
they left us I had the saiisfaction to acquaint the Commander
Captain Tyng, that I had! certain information the French were
gone from that Place back to Lewisbourg, and a few days after
the Deputies of Chignictp came with a very Submissive letter,
representing their case pretty near in the same manner as
those of Manis, having resisted the entreaties and threats
Monsr. Duvivier made tliem to oblige them to take up arms,
and having by their Representations contributed to make him
and his party depart frotn them. ,,• u

Thus were the Frenclf with their Clanns of Indians oblig d
to leave us att last for this year after making three several
attempts in which tho' tHeir measures had been well conserted
att first, yet were baffled att last ; for we have heard since
that the men of Warr mantion'd by Monsr. Duvivier had every
ihing ready to come to reduce us, butt that on some intelli-
gence of an English Squadron bound to these Northern parts
they drop't their Enterprise and sent the Shipping above

mention'd. , • i a

To the Breaking tho French measures ; the timely Succours
receiv'd from the Governor of Massachusetts, and our t rench
Inhabitants refusing to take up arms against us, we owe our

ACASUN FBENCH.

149

preservation. The first had prepar'd such a Force as in the
opinion of all, considering the ill condition of this Fort, we
should not have been able to resist : By the second our men
were eas'd in the constant Duty the many ruious places in
our Ramparts requir'd to attend : and if the Inhabitants had
taken up arms they might have brought three or four thou-
sand men against us who would have kept us still on harder
Duty, and by keeping the Enemy for a longer time about us,
made it impracticable to repair our Breaches or to gett our
firewood and other things of absolute necessity.

Another concern of no small importance and under which
I still labour, is my being oblig'd to supply with the Provi-
sions laid in for the five Companys, all the Auxiliaries and
other additional People for whom Provisions are not laid in
store, such as Artificers belonging to the office of ordnance
and others. These have found means since to supply them-
selves tho' what has been advanc'd to some of them is not yet
made good to the Stores, by the misfortune happen'd to the
Vessell which brought it, being one of the two taken in our
Bassin by the french Shipping. As for the Auxiliaries they
came victuall'd only for three months so that from the first of
October most have had provisions from our Stores and all
the rest att different periods since. As the Government of
Massachusetts, who have otherwise been att a great Expense
for our Relief, may not think themselves oblig'd to answer
this, nor clothing which it is absolutely necessary to provide
for tlieir men ; I may find myself oblig'd to engage in that
Expence,and to answer it give Bills on the Treasury. I hope
in that case the Governor and you will not be wanting in
representing the , absolute necessity which forces me to
such a step. i <•

The Company Qt; Indians or wood Rangers come last trom
Boston have prov'(l of great service to this Place, they feU
soon after their arrival on a family of Indians, kill'd some and
scatter'd the rest and by their excursions they have kept off
the Indian Ennemy who in small partys rov'd continually
about us, which hindred the Inhabitants from supplying of us
with fire wood, materials and other necessarys we wanted.
As our regular Troops are not us'd to that way of annoying
the Enemy, it would be a great advantage to this Place if
such a Company could be establish'd here in time of Warr,.
and therefore I desire the Governor may Joyn his Sollicite-^
tion to what may be represented from hence and from the
Government of Massachusetts for the Establishment of such a
Company for the service of this Province.

150

NOVA

SCOTIA DOCUHENTB.

Our Regimental clothing is not yet arriv'd and our men on
acct. of the extraordinary fatigue m regard to attending our
BepairB and other necessary Dutys are very bare, as are most
of our Auxiliaries, which has oblig'd me to allow the men as
the cold season came on to wrapp themselves up in one of
their Blanketts as they Stand Sentry. We impatiently expect,
tho' the season is farr advanc'd, some vessells from Boston in
which I hope will come with the clothing for our men, also some
and provisions for the auxiliarys, and some letters from Great
Brittain, for I have bu^t one dated the 2l8t of August last
acquainting me with m[y being appointed Lieut. Governor of
this Garrison.

This letter ia alio in the liaqdwriting of OoTernor ifatcarene.

Oovr. Maacarene to

Sib,—

Annapolis Boyal, 16tb March, 1744-5.

The foregoing was concluded tho latter end of November,
and a few days after I had the pleasure to see three vessels
arrive from Boston witli Provisions for six months and cloth-
ing for our auxiliaries, ibutt none of the latter for our men.
To make up for that dbfficiency the Captuius had agreed to
send for DufiSUs with which were made seven or eight watoh-
coats for each Company to serve the men for a covering whilst
on Duty, a thing absolutely necessary considering our winters
here and the rajjged condition of our men. I 'had also prevail'd
with the Deputies of the Inhabitants of this River to furnish
the Engeneer the materials requisite for our Repairs att the
stated price, which they seem'd to undertake and perform
chearfully, and tho' thd season was farr advanc'd when the
Ennemy totally left us, two Bastions have almost entirely been
revested before the wihter satt in, which the old revestments
being entirely decay'd find the Soil with which they are rais'd
a meer Sand, would in a little while longer have tumbled down
:*nd left us all winter naked to the Enemy. The materials
'brought in since by tho River, being contrary to what gene-
rally happens, left open since the latter end of January, will
enable us to revest a Curtain and two flanks remaining still
very bad, and to pallissadoe our Cover'd way, which is Still all
open ; and the filling up the hollows and esplanading the
Glacis if the Enemy will allow time for it, will put me in a
ibfitter condition to receive him, than I was in last year.

ACADIAN FBENCH.

151

Tou'U see by the last date above that this is carried to the
middle of March. The winter has proved milder than gene-
raUy it is here. We have had no Enemy a^ut us and the
Garrison has been pretty easy, wanting nothmg butt their
dothing which the Watchcoats mention'd before have made
less Sensible. Tho French Inhabitants have in ge«'eral be-
hav'd well tho' it can not be surprizing the Enemy has crea.
tures amongst them. I have no news from New England
shice the beginning of last Pecember, ^o; co^soquentj, from
Great Brittain, other than the letter of the 21st August 1
mention'd before. The winter has not hmder'd me from Ex-
SSc siJg our Auxiliaries. Their officers left here have tW
I am asham'd to say it, shew'd a better disposition to Disc,^
line than Ours. If the French are as good as their Word, they
kre to vUit us early this spring and I Ue to be able to^ve
them a warm reception. I conclude witli assuring you that I
am with great Esteem,

Sir
Your most humble
and obedient Servant

P. MASCARENE.

At a Council held by order of the Honb e. Paul Mascarene
Esq., President and Commander >" Cl"ef, &°-. at his own
ho^se, in the fort of Annapolis Royal, on Tuesday the 11th

December 1744.

Present —

His Honour the President,
William Skene Esq, Erasmus James Phnipp9E«qOthoHam^^
ton Esq, Edward How Esq, John Handfield Esq, Edward

Hit Ho"ou?thl' President laid before the Board a letter he
had receiv'd from the inhabitants of Cobequid, l^^ught by two
Deputies Pierre Terriot and Claude Pectre, f"* fro."?*? **i?:
trict, who in behalf of their said district, s'S^f ^J .^^''
having not interfered in the last troubles (none of tbeir in-
habitants having joined the enemy, nor given tbejn anJ' *^f^'^^
ance but as force obliged them to it) anH acknowledging their
submission and fidelity to his Ma esty the King of Gr^ »""
tain, their lawful Sovereign. Being asked by the President
whether there had not been cattle conveyed .^ Lewisburg by
way of Chiconecto and Tadmigouch, they said there had been

152

KOVA bcotia documehts.

two droves of black cattle and sheep from Menis ; and being
asked who drove then?, they answered Joseph Le Blanc alias
Le Maigre and JosephiDugas ; they were further asked where
Jose^i Dugas was, thgy answered at Tadmigoush, being come
from Lewishurg in a shallop. As to the Indians they said
they were all dispersed, and Mr. De Loutre was at Chipna-
cady, but they did not know of any number of Indians with
him ; they were then t)id to withdraw, bat not to depart, and
to return on Monday tjie 17th instant.

ACADIAN. FRENCH.
I.

153

Monday December 17th, 1744.

Met according to adjournment the same members present.

His Honour the Prepident acquainted the Board, that by
the intelligence he hadj from Minas, that things were pretty
much in disorder, theite being no new Deputies chosen, nor
answers made to the iletter he writ to the old Deputies by
Peter AUain and Jacqi^e Terriot which he understands is oc-
casioned by the notary public neglecting to act by reason of
some check he has received for some past misbehaviour, which
hitherto he has not clpared himself of to the satisfaction of
this Board ; and therefore he stops all business on pretence
of nobody's having any right to transact any public aifair but
himself. It is therefore resolved, that His Honor the Presi-
dent shall suspend the .said Alexander Bourg from the execu-
tion of his office, as notary public, till farther orders, and to
appoint in the mean t me Renny Le Blanc to execute that
~ ■"#**#

P. MASCARENE.

office.

At a Council held hy order of the Honble Paul Mascarene
Esq, President and Commander-in-Chief, <fec., in the fort of
Annapolis Royal at his own house on Friday the 2l8t of
December 1744.

i Present —

His Honor the President.

William Skene Esq, Erasmus James Philipps Esq, Otho Ham-
ilton Esq, Edward How Esq, John Handfield Esq, Edward
Amherst Esq.

The Deputies of this river having presented a Petition,
wherein they prayed to be discharged from giving pilots and
guides to go against the Indian enemy, they were told that

their Petition contained what might make them appear not
inclined to assist the Government ; which they answered was
not their intention, they being always ready except in this
point, which they desired to bo discharged from, and some
motion being made to return their petition to amend it, they
were bid to appear on Friday the 28th instant, and then
adjourned till said day.

Friday the 28th of December 1744, met according to ad-
journment, the same members present.

The Deputies appeared again and being asked for their
Petition, they said that seeing their demand would not be
granted, they choose to withdraw it. The Commander in
Chief repeated to them in substance what he had told them
before, that it was the custom allowed in all nations when the
public service required it to take pilots and guides, that he
could not grant them an exemption from that service, since he
should not be able to answer it, if the public service should
suffer by his not giving leave to take pilots and guides when
they were to be had ; that all he could do, was to leave it to
their choice either to furnish one when demanded, or that
such should be pressed when the service should require it.
*******

P. MASCARENE.

At a Council held by order of the Honble. Paul Mascarene,
Esq., President and Commander in Chief &c., at his own
house in the fort of Annapolis Royal on Friday the 4th of
January 1744-5.

Present

His Honor the President.
William Skene Esq, Erasmus James Philipps Esq, Otho Hamil-
ton Esq, Edward How Esq, Edward Amherst Esq.

His Honour laid before the Board 2 letters he had received
from the inhabitants of Mines and Pizziquid, acquainting him
of their having chosen their Deputies according to his orders,
making many excuses for their not having done it before, and
promising for the future to pay an exact obedience to the
orders of the Government.

Another letter from the inhabitants of Grand Free, river
Canard and Pizziquid, in conjunction, assuring him of their
intention to continue faithful subjects to His Majesty King
George, and having that confidence in him as children towards

154

yOTA SCOTIA DOCUHENTS.

their father, they h^ve a favor to ask, having learnt by indi-
rect means that several armed vessels were arrived from New
England, and that tliey had pressed by violence several inhabi-
tants of Annapolis Royal to go against the Indians and serve
them as pilots, and bearing they were coming up the Bay to
do the same, and to destroy all the inhabitants that had any
Indian blood in them, and scalp them, that as there was a great
number of Mulattoes amongst them, who had taken the Oath,
and who were allied to the greatest families, it had caused a
terrible alfirm, whiph made many put themselves on their
guard, being very ijiuch frightened, for which reason all the
inhabitants being assembled of each district, had sent to him
to submit themselves to his mercy, and to represent that in
case they were obliged to make any Sorties or go against the
Indians, that barbarous and inhuman nation would assassinate
them every day, while they were at their work and separated
from one another without being able to have any succour from
the Government as it was so remote, which they had well fore-
Been when they reserved in taking the Oath of fidelity a dis-
pensation from ev^ry thing that related to war ; the favor
therefore that they demand is to know whether the people of
Boston have a righj; to force them, and expose them to such i
danger.

Another letter from Amand Bugand, inhabitant of Miuas,
giving an account of his voyage to Lewisburg, and being de-
tained there and afterwards obliged to accompany the French
in their expedition, acquainting him of the many threatenings
which has hindered him from coming here as summoned to do,
being afraid after such great menaces.

Another from Joseph Le Blanc alias Le Maigre informing
him that he had done nothing against the King's interest since
the beginning of the war but by pure force, hoping His
Honor would not be surpris'd that he did not come (as sum-
moned) to justify himself, as so many things were falsely im-
puted to him whicp made him afraid.

Another from Aliexr. Bourg, containing many excuses for his
negligence to act in his oflSce.

The three inhabitants who were chosen by the three dis-
tricts of the Grand Pr6, Pizziquid and river Canard, to bring
the letter above mentioned, were called in, His Honor there-
upon signified to them his resolution to give the inhabitants
his protection, provided they continued steadfast in the pro-
mises they had made not to do any thing against His Majesty's
interest, and behaved like faithfiil subjects to His Majesty

ACADIAH FKENCH.

155

Kine George ; and that to prevent any disorders which might
happen by the New England people's going up the Bay to
pursue the Indian enemy, he had given positive instructions
to them not to molest any of the inhabitants who had behaved
themselves well, and in regard to the notion the inhabitants
had amongst them that all who had any Indian blood in them
would be treated as enemies, it was a very great mistake
since if that had been the design of the New England armed
vessels, it might very well be supposed that the inhabitants of
this river, many of whom have Indian blood m them, and
some even who live within reach of the cannon, would not be
sufi-ered to live peaceably as they do, if that ever had been

'^^HilHonor'further told the three inhabitants that what the
three districts had desired to know about the New England
■ people making the inhabitants take up arms to pursue the
Ldfans, and go as guides and pilots to find them out ; the
first was never intended nor so much as ever thought ot but
that the latter, of taking pilots and guides from amongst them
was not in his power to hinder, since it was practiced by all
nations, and was agreeable to the laws of war; that thereiore
they must rest satisfied, and whenever they were called upon
or forced to go on said service, they were to be faithful to
them, and not to quit them without leave.^ UASCARENE.

At a Council held at the place aforesaid, the same Members
present as on Saturday, May 25th, 1745.

Five of the Deputies only appearing. His Honor asked them
why the rest had not also made their appearance Ac io
which they answered that two were sick, ^nd the other Law-
rence Grandyer must have been detained by some impedi-
ment, having promised to be here, and having been here on
the Saturday before, being the first time any of the inhabit,
ants came to the fort since the enemy went away.

They were then asked concerning the enemy's behaviour
towards the inhabitants; to which t^^y answered it had been
very harsh, that the enemy coming in the night sent men to
Ivery house whilst they were buried in sleep, and threatened
to put any to death that should stir out or come near the fort ,
that they had been ordered to furnish weekly a certain quan^
tity of cattle, to bring their carts and teams, the orders being
most of them on pain of death.

156

ACADUK FUEKCfl.

15T

NOTA SCOTIA DOCUMEHTS.

At a Council he Id at the aforesaid place the same Membera
present, on Wednesday 19th June 1745.

One of the Deputies of Pisaquid, Pierre Landry, appeared
before the Counc^, and Joseph Le Blanc, in behalf of the
Grand Pre6, but pot a Deputy, with one of the Deputies of
the river Canards, jToseph Hebert with Miilanson not a Deputy,
and all the Deputies of this river, to whom after the Com-
mander in Chief hftd taken notice of some of the districts not
sending the propeij persons they ought to have done, (as being
no Deputies), repf-esented that it was notorious that there
were several amoijg them that had been officious towards the
enemy, and had gone so far as to discover even all the eflbcts
that belonged to tl^e English, by which means the enemy were
enabled to p^osses^ themselves of these said efifocts, and by
giving them intellijgence of the circumstances of the garrison,
and other means wjhereby the enemy had been encouraged on
some attempts to the prejudice of tie garrison, especially
surprising some of] the Company of. Rangers on Goat Island.

* * * * #

That it besides was known that all the plunder the enemy
had made by seizing the two schooners which came from
Boston (the property of His Majesty's British subjects) was
dispersed and boujght up by the inhabitants of Miiies ; upon
which Joseph LeBlanc said that what was bought up by the
inhabitants of Min^s was in order to be returned to the British
proprietors, as well as the three prisoners they had redeemed
out of the hands of the enemy, which they offered to bring
and surrender her^. *****

P. MASCARENB.

At a Council at the place aforesaid the same Members pre
sent, on Thursday, 27th June, 1745.

Appeared beforej the Commander in Chief and His Majesty's
Council for this Prbvince, Jean Terriot and Jean Potier, Depu-
ties of Ghignecto, fringing a letter signed bj^ several of the
inhabitants W said place, importing in substance that as they
prepared themselves according to the orders received last
fall, to come here ijlie beginning of this year, they were hin-
dered by the arriv^.! of a detachment of Canadians and Indians,

Commanded by the Sieur Marin, who forbid them to come on
pain of corporal punishment. * ■ ^ c a

After several questions on the tune of the arrival of said
Sieur Marin, of his stay amongst them, and that when the
inhabitants sent to fetch some grain at Mines they did not
send advice that the enemy was amongst theni, it was enjoined
bv His Honor (with the advice and consent of the Council) to
the said inhabitants of Chignecto by means of their said Depu-
ties Jean Terriot and Jean Potior, to discover those amongst
the inliabitants of the said place, who, contrary to the fidelity
they owe to the Government, have favoured, and assisted the
enemy in their undertakings, that those who are innocent may
be acquitted ; that the effects appertaining to His Majesty s
British subiects seized by the enemy and left amongst the
said inhabitants, be returned ; not to sutter any person to
reside amongst them, but such as by the Oath of fidelity, taken
bv them or their fathers, are become subjects to the king ot
Great Britain; to make use of all the means in their power,
to make Monsieur Dugay speedily to quit the country, and to
send here within a month two Deputies to give notice of the
state in which the said place of Chignecto shall be at that
time, and to bring the wife of one ot the carpenters of the
Garrison taken by the enemy, who is now m the hands ot one
of the inhabitants there. ^ l^ASCARENB.

. From a htUr of Messrs. DeBeauharnois and Hocquartto Count D^lUaurepas,
dated at Quebec, 12th September, 174o.

N. York Col. Documents, Vol. x.

E=ISilStlSr.=SS

.evere subjection. ,^i„,d j^e conduct the English will prob.ably

oblerve towards ttel»ians.^We cannot imagine that they could enterUin

158

IOTA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

Extract from a Later of Governor Paul Mascarene to
Governor Shirley.

Annapolis Royal, 6th April 1748.

I. * ^* xu® 5:^<''^?*'^° of this fort, no capitulation was made
but lor the Garrison and the inhabitants of the Banlieue ^a
league round the fort) ; these had leave to withdraw with
their effects, and to dispose of those they could not carry with
them, for the space of two years. The rest of the inhabitants
all over the Provinqe made terms that winter with the then
governor Vetch, wh0 received them on their submission, but
no oath was require4 of them, except of the inhabitants of the
banheue, for the tipie of the capitulation. In 1714 Mr
isiicholson came oyer governor and commander-in-chief' over
the Irovmce, and proposed to the French inhabitants the
terms agreed on for ^hem at the treaty of Utrecht, which were
to keep their possessions, and enjoy the free exercise of their
religion, as far as th^ laws of Great Britain do allow, on their
becoming subjects tq the crown, or to dispose of theii, if they
choose to withdraw, ^ithin the space of a twelvemonth. They
to a man, chose the last, having great promises made to them
by two officers, sentjhere for that purpose from Cape Breton
then beginning to b4 settled by the French. But these not
sending vessels to fetch away the inhabitants, they remained,
and though often required to take the oaths of fidelity, they
constantly refused it.; "^ ' ^

Extract from a Letter] of Governor Mascarene to Govr. SfiirUu
I JprU, 1748. "'

Governor Phiiipps having formed the council, issued a
proclamation, summoning the French inhabitants to take the

H- .

the idea of removing those people, in order to .ubstitute Englishmen in their

fonn'r.? ,«f i' '^^i"''°" "^ "'^ ^""^'""^ ^""''^ ^'"''olden thfm to aSopt ueh
a course, utterly inhuman as it may be. The Acadians have not extended

i^w^t°h'^^"""T"V'"'''"'^l"°°"' """^^ ^"8"^'> dominion, theirTouses
^JJll .1^ wooden boxes without conveniences, and without ornaments, and
scarcely conUimng the most necessary furniture ; but they are extremely covet-
Z^tv^lTn fT'\' T^"^<"'\ ""'« ^oy'^ ">ey hfve drlwn f3S-
rt^LL th V *^"' '"m* '" '"^^^' "^ »'l *« "'her provisions, almostljl
Jheva^n. H ^°^ annually sent out; it never make, its appearance again
they are particularly careful to conceal it. What object can 5iey have exceot
to. ecnre for themselves, resource for an evil day? Already ^any^fS

on, and whether they would be admitted to enter on them. We have avdded

ACADIAN FBENCB.

159

oath of allegiance on the same terms offered them as before,
though the time prescribed had so long ago been elapsed.
But these inhabitants in general still refused it, alledging that
they had been detained contrary to their desire, which indeed
was partly true, as General Nicholson had declared that they
should not depart in vessels being built on English ground, or
English bottoms, and that it belonged to the French to come
and fetch them in their own. Governor Phiiipps wrote home
for fresh instructions how to act in this emergency applying
for more forces to prevent the French inhabitants from going
away in a tumultuous or disorderly manner, or for bringing
them into a due subjection ; for which he desired if I remem-
ber right, two regiments besides the four Companies of his
own, then at Annapolis Royal, with proportionable shipping to
transport these troops as occasion should require, and this in
a time of profound peace, and when these inhabitants were
not above a third of the number they are now increased to.
In answer he was directed not to use any violent measures,
but to endeavour to keep the people easy till, at a proper
time, it might be resolved how to proceed in this case.

The Governor went home in 1722, and things remained in
this situation, under the administration of Mr. Doucett, lieu-
tenant governor of Annapolis Royal, and President for the
time being over the province, till Mr. Armstrong, having been
made lieutenant governor over the whole Province, returned
in 1725, and found means to bring the inhabitants to take the
Oath to the Government; but on governor Phiiipps returning
some years after, these inhabitants complaining that this oath
had been extorted by undue means, his Excellency brought
them at last to take it willingly, and the same was tendered,
and taken, in general, by all the men of competent age, in all
the settlements of this Province ; the tenor of this Oath is
inserted in the papers inclosed. The word true being inter-
preted fidele has made it to be called the oath of fidelity.

The French inhabitants intending to have a clause, not to
be obliged to take up arms against the French, which, though
not inserted, they have always stood was promised to them;
and I have heard it owned by those who were at Minas when
the oath was administered at that place, that such a promise
was given.

Their plea with the French, who pressed them to take up
arms, was their oath, their living easy under the government,
and their having no complaint to make against it.

To keep up some form of government among the French

160

NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENra.

inhabitants, goveraoi Philipps ordered them to choose a .„^
^cfinT r,;7T^ the„runder the nal of deputies to

every year ne^vly chosen on the tenth nfnfK It^ """^
mander-in-chief and'cjuncil ° ^''^ ^"^"'""^ °' C""""

. 25tt*nS""" '^•^'^ 'f '^' P'^^^ *f°--'<J. o'' Friday October

proclamations ; which upon debate waT found for"f"'^1
reasons not necessary gt this time h,i7«ni ? ^^''"'■*'

p. MASCARENE.

Govr. Mascarene to Deputies of Mines.
(Letter Book.)

Annapolts Royal,
Gentlemen,- 2^*^ ^«t-' 1746.

parts^thaTaif n'*^ by several people lately arriv'd from yor.
partB that abt. 11 or 12 Indians had the Boldness to stop them

ACADIAN FRENCH.

161

tfe the Live Stock they were bringing hither which is no small
matter of surprize considering yor. force & numbers ; how can
you expect any assistance or supply of yor. wants from hence
when you so shamefully permit such things to be committed
amongst you ? Take care you be not ye means of Depriving
yor. selves of all manner of succour from hence, & Draw In-
evitable Ruin upon j'or. selves : for your pretended Cloak of
fear will not, you may assure yorselves, hold you always Inex-
cusable ; but rather in such Cases as this witness against you,
for yor. passive Obedience to the Enemy will appear an actual
Disrespect to His Britannick Majesty's Governmt. to which
you have Sworn Allegiance.

You all know I have frequently forewarn'd you of the Evil
yor. Disobedience may Draw upon you & yor. families, which,
if you would av9id, remember to do your Duty as faithfnll
Subjects, <fe Despise holding any Correspondence with Mr.
Delutre <fe ye Indians who have Declared thomsfslves Enemys
to the Crown <fe Subjects of Great Britain the Penalty of so
doing has been frequently told you ; I must also acquaint you
that I am iriform'd there are some among you, that in order to
come hither with any manner of necessarys, which we here
want, that j'ou apply for yor. so doing to Priest Deluter for
his permission as if he was the Governour & Protector of this
Province : Such Practices being expressly contrary to His
Majesty's Declaration of War against ye French King & His
Subjects, at your perils practise any such method, or pay him
any such Respect : for we here want nothing that may be
obtain'd through any such base <fe Disrespectfull means ; These
things I again Recommend to yor. Consideration <fe strictly
order & command you to Regulate yourselves accordinglj' ; <fe
I have for yor. further Information of what regards the Public
affairs in yor. part, herein sent you Inclos'd an Ordr. for Paul
Beawjeau to deliver to Petr. Allaiii oneof je Present Deputys
all the Publick Papers, Orders <fe Letters of the Government to
be kept in his the said Allain's Possession for yor. Perusal ;
Remember therefore ye station you bear in this Governmt. <fe
acquit yourselves like Honest men & from time to time advise
me of what Passeth amongst j'ou, & in so doing you may be
assur'd you will in ye End serve yourselves^—

I am /

Your J^riend

To ye Deputy'MJf Menis.

P. MASCARENE.

162

KO\A SCOTIA DoctmENra.

Govt. Mascarene to the Acadian Depviies.

(Letter Book.)

30 AngTtst 174S
Messrs, —

If you are capabl 3 of Reflection yon mtist needs imagine
that notwithstanding nLy Silence upon severall Subjects of later
entirely contradictory j to many General Instructions and ray
repeated Orders with piy best and Friendly advice to you the
Deputys and your Respective districts wch. your repeated
promise of strict Obedience to his Britannicfc Majesty our
most Gracious Sovereign do clearly Evidence I say you must
needs Imagine that I cannot possibly avoid being moved to
find so small a Corrtespondence between your woixls and
actions wch. may un4oubtedly Cause the Sincerity of your
Promises to be much isuspected and consequently render all
my Endeavours to prpmote your happiness abortive, and of
no Effect wch. I once inore recommend to your consideration
to prevent if possible [the wofull and Contrary Effects that the
Contempt and Disobedience of some amongst you will its to
be feard in Time brini to pass and therefore remember that
as men will be JndgTd upon the Conformity of their Words
and actions and that fis the latter will be Esteemd the Stan-
dard that if yours cotpes to be compared andjustly Weighd
your fruitless Words fnd promises will turn Witness against
you and prove to you| Disadvantage.

By what I have nqw said yon may easily perceive that I
mean and point at a General Contempt of orders and your
late Disrespect therebjy shown to His Britannick Majesty your
sole most Gracious Sovereign my Master.

You may perhaps l^incy that this is all surmise, but if you
do you will only thereby involve yourselves the more into
inextricable Difficulty* wch. I advise you to Avoid in Time by
Distinguishing yourselves as you ought.

I know there are Diivisions amongst you Mid that you live
as if you were an Independt. State but what will that avail
either of you while ypur disputes contribute nothing to the
Common Weal by stfengthning the Hands of this Govmt.
which you ought to support to lay hold on those Turbulent
and unruly Disturbers of the peace, Especially such as are
prescribed and their Upholders who perhaps sooner than they
expect may meet with the same fate. Be not deceiv'd, I
know perhaps more of these Affairs that you Imagine, not-
withstanding your S^cresy wch. may in time prove to your
condemnation for, whoever consenteth to and concealeth a

ACADIAN FBENCH.

18S

Thief may be Reckoned with him a partaker and Consequently
Liable to the Like punishment but to Descend to a few par-
ticulars. What can be a greater piece of Contempt than op-
posing the publishing of the proclamation issued by his Ma-
jesty's Express command the stopping of my Pakett with one
therein Enclosed for Chicanecto and throwing the address into
the fire the Harbouring & Entertaining all those mentiond in
said Proclamation in Defiance of his Majesty's authority and
concealing so far as in you lies the Chief and principal abet-
tors of such a Rebellious Faction does not your concealmt of
these things bespeak you guilty in consenting to and yeilding
to their Ways and that you are thereby much greater foes
than friends to the Govmt. to which j'ou have sworn obedi-
ence and upon a strict scrutiny may you not in some Respect
be charged with perjury as well as with Contempt of his Ma-.
jesty's Bounty, if you should tacitly suffer such proceedings
amongst you and yeild Obedience to that Banditti who are
surely seeking your ruin as well as their own by involving,
you thus Insensibly in their guilt.

Let me therefore prevail with you if you have any Love for
your selves or Regard for your posterity to recollect my Re- •
peated advice and avoid those mischiefs wch. that Banditti
thro hope of assistance from France are Endeavouring to draw
upon you.

But further why came you either to suffer or Employ Alex.
Bourg to act as Notary from which Employ you all know he
was some years ago dismissed ^r his unwarrantable proceed-
ings in that office, he seems indeed to bo cloathed with the
Heighth of Insolence to assume that title and to pass Deeds
under that name. I therefore desire to know his Authority
and that you the Deputies do inform m<? forthwith by whose
Commission and Appointment he thus holds that office of
Notary Publick and that you immediately see that ho pays all
the fines of Alienations and other His Majesty's dues on that
accot. into the hands of the proper person Rene Le Blanc who
was chosen by my self and his Majesty's Council to act in
said office and to receive the fees accordingly; and I further-
more require you the Deputies .that you acquaint the said
Alex. Bourg that I expect that he will as receiver immediately
send me a Just & Exact accot. of all His Majesty's Quit Rents
since he sent me in his first accot. and also Rene L'Blanc of
all fines of Alienations & of Deeds made by him as Notary
Publick that I may give any Farther Directions thereupon.

I might hereunto add a further accusation against you and

164

UOVi. SCOTIA DOCnUEKTS.

the Community in (Jeneral, not only the kind reception & En-
tertainment you gi\*e our Deserters, but your furnishing them
as also the Indians with Arms Powder & Ball and Cloath'g
them with your own apparali <fec. but having already Commu-
nicated that by another Way I shall at present conclude with
a desire that you will dul}' Consider what I now and have fre-

S|uently told you that by an amendment I may have some room
or Bubacribing mysplf

Messrs. yr. H. servt.

P. MASCARENE.

Govt. Mascarene to Duke of Bedford.

Mr Lord, —

» » *

Annapolis Royal

8th September, 1748.

* * Hi$ Majesty's Ship Portmahon stationed hera
went up the Bay to Manis about a month ago with two armed
Schooners to convey a Sloop with effects sent by order. of
Governor Shirley frpm New England to pay off the expenses
of the detachmenti of New England Troops quartered at
Manis in the Winter of the year 1746. There was at that
settlement a factioijt composed of those Inhabitants who by
having appeared too openly in the Enemies interest were
exempted from the Ipenefit of a declaration of Governor Shirley
drawn up pursuant to orders received from home and sent
to be dispersed amjongst the French Inhabitants of this Pro-
vince. This faction being supported from Canada Encouraged
and sheltered the Soldiers deserting irom this Garrison and
by the assistance of] the roving Indians kept the French Inha-
bitants up the Bay ^rom paying due obedience to the orders
of Government, the force sent up especially at this juncture
when they can not expect succours from Canada or France
will I hope reduce ior disperse this faction and enable those
who may be well enblined amongst the Inhabitants to reasume
a proper influence oiVer the rest.

It will require tipne and ^ood care to bring those French
Inhabitants to be good subjects and to wean them of that
inclination they naturally have for the French interest from
their ties of consanguinity and religion.

I am &o.
I , P. MASCABENE.

The Duke of Bedford

Secretary of Stiate, &c, ka.

'■

ACADIAN FBENCH.

166

A DedarcUion with relation to the French Subjects of Hu
Majesty King George Inhabiting Nova Scotia, sent to the
Acadian French by Oovr. ComwaUia on the formaixon of
the Civil Ghvernment at Halifax in 1749.

(Govt. Comwallii' Letter Book.)

By His Majesty's Command.
A Declaration of the Honble. Edward Cornwallis
Esqr. Captn. Generall and Governor m Chieff m
and over his Majesties Province of Nova Scotia
or Accadia in North America.
Whereas for the better Peopleing this his majesties Pro-
vince of Nova Scotia and improving and extendnig the trade
and Fishery thereof, His majesty has thought fit to cause
a considerable number of British subjects to be forthwith
settled in the said province. In order therefore that his
majesty's subjects the French Inhabitants of this province
may give all countenance, assistance and encouragement to
the said settlers, I doe hereby declare in his majesty s Name
that his majesty altho. fully sensible that the many indul-
gences, which, he and his Royall Predecessors have shewn to
the said inhabitants in allowing them the entirely tree exer-
cise of their Religion and the quiet and peaceable Possession
of their Lands, have not met with a dutifuU Return, but on
the Contrary divers of the said Inhabitants have openly
abetted or privately assisted His majesty's Enemies in theiv
attempts, by furnishing them with quarters, Provisions and
Intelligence and concealing their designs from his Majestys
Governor insomuch that the Enemy more than once appeared
under the walls of Annapolis Royall, before the Garrison had
any notice of their being within the Provmce, Yet His
Majesty being Desireous of showing further marks ot his
Royall Grace to the said Inhabitants in hopes thereby to
induce them to become for the future true and Loyall Subjects
is Graciously pleased to allow that the said inhabitants shaU
continue in the free exorcise of their Religion, as lar as the
Laws of Great Brittain doe allow the same as also the peace-
able possession of such lands as are under their cultivation ;
Provided that the said Inhabitants do withm Three months
from the date of this Declaration take the oaths of Alleeianoe
appointed to be taken by the Laws of Great Britain and like-
wise submit to such Rules and orders as may hereafter be
thought proper to bo made for the maintaining and supporting

166

IIOTA 8C0TU DOCUMENTS.

His Majestys Government ; and Provided Likewise they doe
give all possible countenance and assistance to such Persons
as his Majesty shall Ithink proper to settle in this Province.

And I doe hereby in his Majesties Name Strictly Charge and
forbid all Persons whatever from posaeasing themselves of any
cultivated land within this Province without a Grant for the
same under the seall of this Province first had and obtained
as also that no Person or Persons wliatever do Export out of
this Province to ant Foreign Settlement whatever any corn
cattle or Provision^ of any kind without especiall leave for
that purpose. Giv0n at Chobucto the 14th July 1749.

Ea COKNWALLIS.
Countersigned by order

of his Excellency

H. DJlVIDSON.

At a Council
friday the 14. July J749

His

holden on board the Beaufort Transport, on

Pbesent

1 Excellency The Governor

Paul Mascarono Esqr
* Edward How Esqr

John Goreham Esqr

Benjamin Green Esqr

John Salisbury Esqr

Hugh Davidson Esqr.

His Excellency opend <fe read His Majesty's Commission &

Instructions particularly the Instructions relating to His

Majesty's French Si^bjects— & the Declaration to be issued by
His Majesty's Orderl

• Edward How waa a niember of His liaieaty't Council at Annapolii ia
1744. He was with Colonel Noble in the affair at Mines CHorton) in 1747,
when that officer wa« surprised and killed by the French under DeKamezay.
Mr. How waa severely wounded and taken prisoner on that occasion, but waa
•ent home on his parole, and afterwards exchanged. He came down to Che-
bticto with Governor Mascjarene, and took his place next to him in the Council.
He was frequently employed in difficult and important negotiations with tha
Indians and the French autliorities. He was treacherously and barbarously
moidered at the instigatidn of LeLutre, the priest, near Beaubasin in 1751. —
See letter from Louisburg and one from Capt. Cotterdl in subsequent peiges.

Capftain How left a wid^w, who afterwards made a claim on Government for

a large sum of money advanced by her husband for the public service.

Capteia Bichard U. How,, late of the 81st Begt., formerly of HaUfaz, was one

,Dfl>Udeac«DdaDts.

ACADIAN FBKNCH.

167

Col. Mascarene read the Oath the French Inhabkauts have
liitherto taken, Copy of which he delivered to His Excellency
Subscribed by the French Inhabitants; „ . , r,. ,.■

^ ,<je - ^^promets & Jure sincerement, en foi de Chretien,

que Je serai entiferement fidele & oberai yraiment Sa Majeste
Le Roi George Ic Second que Je reconno.s pour Le Souveram
Seigneur de I'Acadie ou nonvelle Ecosse j, ., ^ ... „

^ Ainsi Diou me Soit en Aide.

Col. Mascarene informed the Council that the French pre-
tended that when they took this Oath it was upon Condition
that it shoud be understood that thej; shoud always be
exempted from l^aring Arms, therefore it was moved to add
totff Oath this Clause, & Ce Serment Je P':«"^^!^"«J«;;';;^;
But the Council was of opinion, that^as no Conditions appear
ki the Oath they have hitherto taken & subscribed which
Oath is^ strong as any Oath of Allegiance can be it woud
S'/^be necessa^y'^o le^t the French know that they must
So the Oath, without any Co..ditio„al Clauses understood or

any reservation whatever Accordmgly three Irencb

Deuutvs vix Jean Molancon, from Canard River

uopuij s. ^^^^^^^ LoBlanc, from Le Grand Pre

Phillipo Molancon from Piziquid
who were como to wait upon his Excellency were called'" &
after reading His Maiesty's U^^l^^^tion to then, & t o^^^^^^
said Oath, liis Excellency assured them "f ^" ™«Jt °]
Protection & Encouragement but informed them Ho expected
he Inhabitants wouS take the Oath f .^"XeS dS-^
Maiostv in the same manner as all English Subjects do-
SDeputv being asked if they had any thing to offer from
thdrseveal Departments answered, they were only sent to
TTaytE Respects to His Excellency & to k^'^^'f ;^^«
Tbe their Condition henceforth & f ^ticiaarly-wheU^^^^^

they shoud still be allowed their Pries s His Excellency

assured them they shoud always '^-^e them provided ^^at^^^^^
Priest shoud officiate within the P'""^'"'^'^ ^f ""*, '^yS 's
first obtained of His Excellency— Copys "^ Hm f ^^ssue
Declaration, & of the Oath were given to th« Dep»ty8 to '« H^
to the Inhabitants, & they were commanded to ;^t"rn witlim
a forthnidit <fe to report the Resolutions of their several

DeSmenti They were also ordered to send to the other

?rTnch Settlements to let them know His Excellency desired
to see their Deputys as soon as possible.^^ cORNWALLIS.

Hdoh Davidson.

168

KOTA BCOTIA DOCTTMEHTB.

Minutes of a Council Add on board The Beaufort, tm Monday
the 31«< </ July 1749.

Fkesent

His Excellency The Governor
Peregrine Thomas Hopson Benjamin Green

John Salisbury
Hugh Davidson
William Steel

Esqrs.

Paul Mascarene
Robert Ellison
James Francis Mercer
*Capt. Gorham

His Excellency nominated John Horseman, Lieutenant
Colonel of Col. SVarburton's Regiment of Foot, & Charles
Lawrence, Major, menlbers of His Majesty's Council, <i; admin-
istered to them their IjJsual Oaths.

Deputys from the several French Districts having arrived
the 29th according to Orders from His Excellency, viz.
Alexander Hftbert

Joseph Dugad
Claude Le Blanc
Jean Melancon
Baptiste Gaitlard
Pierre Landry
Pierre Gotrau
^ierre DoncQt
Trancois Boijrg
Alexr. Brossirt

from Annapolis

from La Grand Pr6
Riviere de Canard

Piziquid

Cobequid

Chinecto

Chippodie

They were called in before the Council <fe asked what
resolutions The Prenidi Inhabitants had taken in Consequence
of His Majesty's Declaration.

Jean Melancons deliverd to Hia Excellency a letter where-
in he said was contain'd their Answer.

* Colonel John Gorham was a native of the I'rovince of Massachasetts. In
1745 be was stationed in coqimand of a party of provincial troops at Annapolis,
which place being threatened by the enemy, he was sent to Boston to raise
troops for its defence. While there he was induced to join the expedition then
fitting out against Cape Breton. He was appointed Lt. Colonel ol his father's
regiment, and, on the death of his &ther at Louisburg, was promoted by Genl.
Fepperell tu be full Colonel. In one of his letters to Sir William Pepperell,
he tlianas him for the appointment, and requests a letter of recommendation to
assist him in carrying through his memorial, then before the Massachusetts
Legislature, to be rcimbursf d for outlays made by him in the public service.
Colonel Gorham returned to Annapolis after the capture of Louisburg, and was
placed by Governor Shirley in command ot the Boston troops sent to Minas
with Colonel Noble ; but was not present at the engagement with the French at
Grandpre, where Noble was killed. He afterwards had command of a com-
pany of Kangers, composed of Indians, raised in New England for service in
Acadia. Mr- Gorham came from Annapolis with his Rangers to Chebucto
in 1749. It ii probable tbft be was one of the five members of the CouncU

ACADIAN FRENCH.

189

Which Letter being read in French & English, the Council
was of opinion that with regard to their Priests & religion,
Thev might be assured of the Free & public Exercise of their
ttefeion & of being allowed a sufficient number of Priests,
^oviisd that no Priest shall presume to officiate without
Licence first obtained of the Governor or Commander m
Chief 6f the Province, & without taking the Oath of AUe-
ciance t^s Majesty. With regard to the second Article in
their letter Vemanding an exemption from bearing Arms m
time of Waf, It was the unanimous Opinion of the Council
that no Exception should be granted them but that they
should be told peremptorily That they must take the Oatb of
Allegiance as offerd them, For that His Majesty would allow
none to possess Lauds in His Terntorys whose Allegiance &
Assistance in case of need could not be depended on And
That such as should behave as true bubjects ought to tlo will
be supported encouraged & protected equaly with the Rest
of His kaiesty's Subjects. That His Excellency will send
Persons as soon as possible to the French Districts viz, to
Annapolis River, to the Grand Pre; & to Chinecto to adminis-
ter to the Inhabitants the Oath of Allegiance. And that all
such as are willing to continue in the possession of then-
Lands &o & to be faithful Subjects to His Majesty ^u^t ap-
pear & take the Oath before the U of October which will
te the last day allowed them. That in the mean time His
Excellency had appointed two of the Council at Chebucto &
the Lieutenant Governor or Officer commanding at Annapolis
Royal to administer the Oath to such as shall chuse to come to
either of these Places. „ ,. m v, j ^,, „,^

Ordered, That a Declaration of this Tenour be drawn up
& presented to the Council to morrow. _ ^ ^ .,„

^ ED. CORNWALLIS.

Hugh Davidson.

who aceompanied Governor Mascarene to Chebucto, having bf«° «"J8°'^^„^y
Cornwall s a place at the board, above those gentlemen who ca"%^™"^"8-

held the raSk of Lieut. Col. in the regular army.-jyr, S. Docuvunti. Mor.katt ,
lift of PtppTtll; y. r. Col. Documtntt, #«.

170

At a Council held
Ist of August 1749

NOVi SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

Id 01

•-I

n board tho Beaufort on Tuesday the
Pbesent

His Exjcellency Tho Governor,
Pereprrine Thomas Hojjson Charles Lawrence ^

Paul Mascarene ; John Gorham

Benjamin Green
' John Salisbury

Hugh Davidson
William Steele

John Horseman
Robert Ellison
JamoB Fr. Mercer *

Esqra.

The Declaration (Jrderd yesterday was read before tho
Council & approved ()f, & ordord to be read to the French
Doputys <fe Copys of it to bo delivered to each of the Deputys

for their several Distriota. „ , . .i t» i„,.ofi«T,

Accordindy the Doputys being called in the Declaiat on
watreadtSeni. l?ey 'asked ^^hether if they had a njmd
to evacuate their Laiids, they woud have leave to so 1 their
Lands & Effects. Kis Excellency answered, that by to
Treaty of Utrecht th^re was one Year allowed them Irom the
Surrender of the Province wherein the French Inl'abitanta
might have sold thoir Effects, but that at present Those that
shoud chuse to retire rather than bo true Subjects to the King
coud not be allowed to sell or carry off anv thing.

The Deputvs beg'd leave to return to their Departments a
consult wfth the Inliabitants. Upon which they were warned
that whoever shoud not have taken the Oath of Allegiance
before the i« of Octr- shoud forfeit all their possessions &
rights in this Provinqe. They then asked leave to go to the
French Governors 4 see what Conditions might l^e offerd
them. His Excellency's Answer was That whoever Shoud
leave this Province without taking the Oath of Allegiance
Shoud immediately forfeit all their Rights.

The Council proposed to His Excellency to order all the
Prief ts to come to Cl>ebucto as soon as possible. A-Ccordingiy
the Secretary was orderd to write to Messrs. Denclaves,
Chevreuil & Gerard to repair hither.

ED. CORNWALLIS.

Hugh Davidson.

. Colonel. Hopson, Ellison, Horseman, and Mercer, came from Louisburg
with the army in July, 17t9.

%■''

ACADIAN FRENCH. !•*

[Trantlated from the French.]

In the Kino's Name.
A Declaraiion of His ^-^"^1^ LTrSX^H^fS

MafJty^s Service, and QentUman of his chamber.
Having received by the deputies a letter f>-o™ t^^ F'^nch

tlnu« faltl.M ;»'V««^"t,*''",,J"e J So .xorci.o ot thoir '
having taken the oath o -^"^f j^^ Jd iJ^ffi" name of the

STSTo' l!:'oSS"» U,o .bo « OCobor,

,hich will be tbo last day S™'",^, "■„i„e™„t., wo have
Until wo oan .end Borson. «»*»»" ""°"„rt 'ito Lieu-
^,.1 two member. »' ^"^^l^ViS* li^" »»?»'. «°
Si.trUb Sbo' SESS^wb. .bauV-Be.' .bom.
selves at those places.

172

HOTi BCOTU DOCUMENTB.

We declare at the same time, and promise by order and in
His Majesty's name, th*t all those who shall take the oath of
allegiance, and who, i» consequence of that, shall continue
feithful and good subjects of the King of Great Britain, shall
enjoy the same privileges equally with the subjects of his
Majesty, and shall be aided, assisted, and protected against all
those who may endeavour to molest them.

Jivon at the Port of Chebucto, in the
23rd year of the reign of his Ma-
jesty, August 1st, N. S., 1749.

I ED. CORNWALLIS.

It is His Excellency''s order that this decree be published
in each department as :SOon as possible, that no person may
pretend ignorance of t ae same.

C. S.

Hugh Davidson.

At a Council held oil board the Beaufort on Wednesday the
6th of Sept. 1749.

Present

His E;ccellency the Governor

John Horseman John Salusbury |

Charles Lawrencd Hugh Davidson V Esqrs.

Benj. Green | Wm. Steele )

Deputies from the Hrench districts presented the following
letter from the Frenjih inhabitants signed by one thousand
persons. I

(Tr^nilated from the French.')

To his Excellence Edward Cornwallis, Captain General,
Governor in Chief, and vice Admiral in the King's
Province (if Nova Scotia or Acadie, Colonel in the
service o( His Majesty, and Gentleman of his
chamber.

We cannot suflScieJitly thank your Excellency, for all the
kindness you were goiod enough to show us on your arrival,
whether in the gracious reception you gave our deputies, or
in the term of three months which you have given us, to con-
sider the course we are to pursue, with respect to the oath

ACADIAN FRENCH.

17a

Which His Majesty requires of us. We are very contrite, Sir,
when we consider the privileges which were granted to us by
General Philipps, after we had taken the oath of allegiance to
E Majesty ; which said Mr. Philipps secured to us the full
enioyment of our property, and the free exercise of our reli-
eion, in giving us as many priests as we required.
^ T^o years ago also, His Majesty was pleased to grant us
letters, 'in which he grants us the enjoyment of our property.
We have received til these promises as coming from his
Majesty, We have encouragingly rehed "pon them , and
JSe rLdered service to the Government of ^^ J^^^''
never having had the wish to violate our oath. We believe.
Your Excellency, that if His Majesty had been ^formf oj
our conduct towards His Ma esty's government, he would not
propose to us an oath whicl^, if taken would at any moment
expose our lives to great peril from the savage nations who
have reproached us^in a strange manner, as to the oath we
have taken to His Majesty, This one binding us still more
strictly, wo should assuredly become the victims ot their bar-

'"r bSLts in general, Sir, over the -t'ole extent of
this country, have resolved not to take the oath which Your
ExceUency'Wuires of us ; but if Your Excellency w.U grant
US our old oath which was given at Mines to Mr. Richard
Phi°rpps, with an exemption for ourselves and for our heirs
from taking up arms, we will accept it. i, * „„

But if Your Excellency is not disposed to grant us what we
take the liberty of asking, we are resolved, every one ot us,

*° {^:Takrth: liSy, sir. one and all, to beg Your feel, ey
to tell us whether or not His Majesty has annulled the oath
Svenby us to General Philipps. What causes us all very
Irlat min is the tact that the English wish to ive amongst
^s X is the general sentiment^f the undersigned inhabi-

*'°Thereupon, we hope, Sir, that you will take notice of our
humble supplications, and that Your Excellency will allow
Jourself to^be moved by our miseries, and we on our part
will exert ourselves to the utmost in praying to God for the
preservation of your person.

Thi'* letter having been read and considered in Council, Kb
Excellency made them the foUowmg answer.

174

ACADIAN PREKCH.

175

NOVA BCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

(TnulaUted from the frencb.)

Gentlemen, — |

We have cause to be much astonished at your conduct.
This is the third time that you have come liere from your
departments, and you |do nothing but repeat the same story
without the least chajige. To-day you present Us a letter
signed by a thousand persons, in which you declare openly
that you will be the aubjects of His Britannic Majesty, only
on such and such conditions. It appears to me that you think
yourselves independeiit of any government ; and you wish to
treat with the King as if you were so.

But you ought to Jvuow, that, from the end of the year
stipulated in the trea(jy of Utrecht for the evacuation of the
country, those who chbso to remain in the province became
at once the subjects of the King of Great Britain.

The treaty declares them such The King of Franco

declares, in the treaty: that all the French who shall remain
in these provinces, shajl be the subjects of His Majesty.

It would be contrary to common sense, also, to suppose
that one can remain iji a province, and possess houses and
lands there, without being subject to the Sovereign of that
province. j

Therefore, Gentleman, you deceive yourselves if you think
that you are at liberty to choose whether you will be subject
to the King or no. From the year 1714, that no longer
depended upon you. iProm that moment, you became siibject
t» the laws of Great Britain, and were placed precisely upon
the same footing as the other Catholic subjects of His
Majesty.

Being then undoubtedly the subjects of his Britannic
Majesty, you ought to have taken the oath of Allegiance to
your king the momeitt you were required to do so. You
have always refused, Gentlemen, to take this oath without an
unexpressed reservatipn. You tell me that General Pliilipps
granted you the reservation which you demand ; and I tell you.
Gentlemen, that the General wlio granted you such reserva-
tions, did not do his duty. I tell you further. Gentlemen,
that this oath has nevqr in the slightest degree lessened your
obligations to act always and in all circumstances, as a subject
ought to act, according to the laws of God and of your King.

Gentlemen, you allqw yourselves to be led away by people
who find it to their interest to lead you astray. They have
made you imagine it is only your oath which binds you to

•

the Endish. They deceive j-ou. It is not the oath which a
Kfng affinistersto his subjects that "ake^ them subjects
The oftth supposes that they are so already. The oath la
nothine but a very sacred bond of the fidelity of those who
SeTt^ It is only out of pity to your situation, and to your
^experience in the affairs of government, that we condescend
lo reason with you; otherwise. Gentlemen, the question would
not be rel oning, but commanding and being obeyed His
Sjesty himself,!; his printed decWion, h- g"^^^"t«ed to
you your possessions and your religion. Just thmk ot what
vou are doing on your part. You talk a great deal of the
services vou have^ rendered to the government since my
arrival in Ihe province. What proofs have you given of your
ftttachment and your zeal for your king.

IshouTd be delighted to be able to say to his majesty that
vou are acting as good subjects, and that you have done all
fn your nowe? to fssist this colony. If, instead of your fre-
quiut3ultations-your messages to the French g^rnors-
vmir letters signed by a thousand persons, you had sent me a
Cred of S inhabitants to work in the Bervice of his
maSv vou would have doue much better, and would have
Sd ft very much to your advantage. Gentlemen, you have
been for more than thirty-four years past the B^l^Je^t^lf^
kSg of Great Britain, and you have had the full enjoyment of
vnir nossessious and your religion. Show now that you are

walj mo "«?; " i» «=rti«c.t»s which I shall c»t ™med,.l«ly
"'Smie to lot me have here in ten day, «fty of ?»" inhij

bi"rwhom I .hall employ in «»f|.?;eS, t£ y
thpir houses to shelter them from the bad weather, iney
S be pS'in ready money, and fed on the king's provisions.

Extract frma a Utter of Gov. CormvalUs to the Board of Trade,
dated Chebucto, Uth Sej>t., 1749. _
* # ♦ » The french deputies have been here with us
this week ; they came as they said with their final answer,

17ft

NOVA 8(J!0TU DOCUMENTS.

your Lordships will see from the enclosed Copy of their Let-
ter which was signed by a thousand Inhabitants, that they
are, or say they are, resolved to retire, rather than take the
Oath of Allegiance. As I am sure they will not leave their
Habitations this season, wjien the letter was read to the Coun-
cil in their presence, I m^de them answer without clanging
any thing of my former Declaration, or saying one word about
it Mv view is to make them as useful as possible to His Ma-
iesty while they do stay. If, afterwards, they are still obsti-
nate.and refuse the Oath, I shall recetve in bpringHis Majes-.
ty's further Instructions from your L&rdships. As they stayed
tb have copies of my answer in writing, I saw them in the
afternoon by myself, and exerted them t^o be faithful to Hia
Majesty, to renounce all aonnection with France, and give all
the assistance in their p^wer to this Colony, as what must
turn out greatly for their interest. They wont home in good
humour promising great things.

At a Council held
Octr 22. 1749—

le Governor's Apartment on Sunday

Present

Hia Excellency The Governor
John Horseman John Salusbury

Charles Lawrance
Benj. Green

His Excellency infoiimed

}

Esqrs

Hugh Davidson

Will. Steel

nis r^xceueuc^ ... .^ the Council that the French

Deputys were come to ficqnaint him of the Election of new
Deput'ys for the ensuiqg Year & to present them for his
Approbation, & to give tTiem an opportunity of making their
Submission, as well for themselves as for those of the more
distant districts who could not come so soon—It was observed
in Council that it was npt altogether regular for men to have
any Office, whatever in any of Ins M^esty's Dominions, with-
out taking the Usual Oaths. Yet considering that these
Deputys are without Authority or Power, & in no ways to be
looLd'upon as Magistrates, & in tl'^Pf^^^" /^*" "J *^J*
Dart of the Province they may be useful. The Council was
Knimously of Opinion t^ continue the Custom as formerly
until some Regulations coud be made & Magistrates appoint
ed for those Parts. Accordingly they were ordered to be
brought in. jjjj cORNWALLIS.

XtS^MJlN fBENCH.

(Tnuifltted from the French.)

Halifax, Dec. 13, 1749.

' >rhis day geared before »e H^f J-^^T N^^^^^
fclB Britannic Majesty^s Council for *!»« Pf^^f ^G,,„i p^^,
Scotia or ^cadie 6onore G^f-^J ^X/amed inhabitants
who swore upon the ^^^P.^Xj^^n-e ^nd attacked the fort

asd assisted them in everyway.

Joseph Clement
Charies Hebert
Francois Le Prienco
Claude Le Prience
, M. La Gorne

C. La Gome
Peltit Jean la Gorno
Renauchon Ancoin
Joseph Vincent
Francois La Vache
Charles La Gorne (Junr.)
All residents of the river Gembert at Pimquid.

HONOEE ^ GAUTEOL.

Sworn to before flie

HoGH Davidsos.

(TransUted from tlie French.)

By his Excellency Eowau. ^ vlJe'rdm?ff!j No'vt
«.! Onvprnonn Chiei ana Vice 3.uiuii«i «

of December, 1749.

I
It

178

KOTA SCOTIA 0OC1TMENT9.

(Order Book.)

ACADUH FBBNCH.

179

By His Excellency Edward Cobnwatxis, Captain
General, and Governor in Chief, in and
[L.S.] avter his Majesty's ProTince of Nova Scotia
01^ Accadia.

To Captain Silvanus Cobb,—

Having certain information that one LeLoatre* » Jrencb
Priest at (ii'necto is the antbor and adviser of all the disturb'
ances the Indians have made in this Province, and that it is
he as their chief, epccites, directs and instructs them and
provides them from Canada with arms, amunition and every
thine necessary for their Purpose, • j t, • „» t »

You are hereby ordered to apprehend the said Pnest Le
Loutre, wherever be may be found, and deliver him up to me
at Halifax or into any English Fort where he may be secured,
that he may answer the crimes laid to his charge.

As all the Inhabitants of Chinecto, thro' his instigation,
have harbored and assisted the Indians, and have never
given the least Intelligence to the Government, forg(rtting

French Governors at Quebec, until his departure from the country m "6»- He;
fp'pe":,'^, to h^eTeen Constantly engaged in ^nfgsi^^t^ /rfe'a^d at>dT

to seize and secure as "^^ °;, *^^'' t^; fi„t English Fort
you think proper, and d^^.'^^'^^^^J^es of their better beha-
y- nr:iU ii£re"srr;?£r%uU.and the House
viour. You will iiKewiBB oo» amumtion and

of the Priest ^e Loutre for papers ams^ or ^^ ^^ ^ _

Warlike Stores of ^^y ^^^{.~JTi^r^g contained in these
ZtX this °sKe LTu r Ether^ concerned, a suffi-
cient warrant. ^.^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ g^^^ ^ geal at Halifax
the 13th of January 1749.

ED: CORNWALLIS.

Bv His Excellency's Command.
' Hugh Davidson.

At a Council held at the Governor's on Monday the 5th of
March 1749-50.

^& fa-KT "o «o!ls"tylrand we find hi. conferr.ng wuh De
Bamezay and others on that "ubject. ^.^^y^ ^f Quebec,

He held the office of V>car Gener^ of Acadra^un ^^^ departure from h..
a copy of whose letter '""onstra ng wun ^^ contrhed to obtain

sacred functions, i» «n»."^°'- ?>ManacU, (or Miniac) and other priests, who
an inauence over Daud.n, ^f """'Sians and Indians to the most abject
became his agents m "^'i"'^* »i* „1 Can^^^^^ commanders at Beausejour,
.ubmission; atid even over the French Canaaia ^^„„„i,i i„fluence. The

Siver St. John, &c., he .. "'^.»"Xi.r"tices from Vaudreuil and Gal.ssoniere,
support which he received .nh..ev.lpr»ct.ce .^.^_^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^„ ^

Go'vernors of Canada, «"»^''",f.Xical superiors and "the remonstrances of
machinations, in -^'f'^^*:^ "L'"loea« ?i have had the confidence and support
the British authorities i »"^ ^^"PPt-," Governor of Canada, but after his re-
of the latter nobleman, not ""•yj'V'^ jf "Ju"" of money which he frequenUy
tarn to France. By means of the large ^"™^°' r ^J ^^^ enabled to con-
received from France for *e »upport of his ™'»^ °°;^y^ „,,, „{ Und was re-
.truct an aboiteau at Cumberland whereby a con.^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^
claimed from the »eeL.—ClolUcUons Uut. mq , h

relating to Acadia, N. S/rj*"";. . c.^„„ »t Chebucto in 1749, he became

On the establishment of the »""•'' i^'""^ "by intercepUng dispatches, and

a most active disturber of the "«* f "'*P!%i/f of Shubenacadie River, and

encouraging Jean Bapuste Cope, the Ind^ncmet 01 ^^^^^^^^ ^^,

his^Micmacs, in their attacks upon 8'"88ler» ana mo ^^^^^ ^^

Sis of 'the fortification. toP^'^^^^'Xm' the Government at Halifax

xsr.:stTaLCwitri.^r.ul:^°in^

■ 'Te fom*:?rAeefof seducing the ITrench inhahitanta to le.v. the coun-

178

HOTA SCOTIA DOC0HENT9.

(Order Book.)

By His Etcelleiicy Edward Cornwaixis, Captain '

General, and Governor in Chief, in and
[L.B.] ovter bis Majesty's ProTince of Nova Scotia
oP Accadia.

To Captain Silvanus Cobb,—

Havint? certain information that one LeLontre* a Frencb
Priest at C^inecto is the aathor and adviser of all the disturb-
ances the Indians have made in this Province, and that it m
he as their chief, oxcites, directs and instructs them and
provides them from Canada with arms, amunition and every
thing necessary for tjieir Purpose. ■ j t> ■ * t »

You are hereby ol-dered to apprehend the said Pnest Le
Loutre, wherever he may be found, and dehver him up to me
at Halifax or into any English Fort where he may be secured,
that he may answer ibe crimes laid to his charge.

As all the Inhabitants of Chinecto, thro' his instigation,
have harbored and assisted the Indians, and h«^ye never
given the least Intelligence to the Government, forgetting

Ling.addre.sed a lette.^ ^•u^J.rntJrr/a^I.'a d rtin„.''/.o7et in co;!'
Sn wit^Sef Ge"tin a"nS°7hL" .. emi sary and correspondent of ,he
French Governors at Qaefcec, until liis departure from the country in 1<6°- ««
fp^e^rs^'hTeTeen ^onranW engaged in -f ^^^8 '^« i^rSied a bod/

ri?« Shubenacadie to Chebucto, where he communicated with Dnc D Abt.IIc

Gover'SSr'of Loui'.bu^g U> Govenior Mascar^ne at An^'S. -^^„ -" »
U> Quebec; wd, in July faUowing, be aswitad the offlceri of a Urencn rngaie,

JLOABUM PBBHCH.

179

to seize and secure as jn^n^ °* ^^^'' ^^e first English Fort
you think proper, and <i«\'^«'^,*^^J^ta„eBonSr better beha-
^ou ^^Vr^iU iikere'srch^Sruses, and the House
viour. 10" w^'^ " ; f V ^anArs arms or amunition and

'ol'^ SfSt r;rr sis o„.c„ned, . «ffl.
cient warrant. ^.^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ jj^^^ ^ g^^i ^t Halifax

the ISthof January 1749.

ED: CORNWALLIS.

By His Excellency's Command.
Hugh Davidson.

At a Council held at the Governor's on Monday the 5th of
March 1749-50^

^& ra"1nS:"o l°nn"Ko^rand we find him confernng -Uh De

Bamezay and others on tliat ""bject- ^ j, gi^hop of Quebec,

He held tl.e office of Vicar General of Acadm^un ^^^^^^^

» copy of whose letter, »«™°"»'" .'°^erns of hTs office, he contrived to obtain
sacred functions, is still exUnt. Bj ™^»"» °' "^ jiiniac) and other priests, who
l^infiuence over Daudin, Germain, Mana^U. (or M^_^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^j,,,

became his agents in «^^»<=\°« "'* ^Icanadian commanders at Beausejour
submission ; and even over the French C»«»^*J controlling influence. The-

Biver St. John, &c., he is t^'^.f^J"*" ^"ces from Vaudreuil and Galissoniere,
support which lie received m his e^lpractice^tr ^^^ ^^^^ ^„ ^

Governors of Canada, «"»^'«,'^i'Xrical superiors and the remonstrances of
machinations, in 4'?"Sard of his cleru:W P ^^^ confidence and support

the British authorities; ^"^ ''^tPPtn" Governor of Canada, but after his re-
ef the latter nobleman, not °f ? '''.''"^^^J^^Tof „oney which he frequenUy
turn to France. By means of the large 8ura^°' 5" ^e was enabled to con-
received from France for >he support of his ™'»« on,^^,^ „^,, „f , j ,. re-

s^frr^'-tt^t'^-^^^^^ ^«^^- ^^"^^''"-

raating to Acadia., K. «• /,':'*'»'^ . colony at Chebucto in 1749, he became

On the establishment of the »""»'' ^°'°% "by intercepting dispatches, and

.niost active disturber of the °«* f "''^"c'^ief of Shubenacadie Kiver, and

■ncouragingJeanBaptisteCope.the Indian L-met 0. ventured beyond

i^Micmacs, in their attacks upon stragglers ano inos ^^^^^ ^^

^eUmits of 'the fortifications »» procure firewood. «« -^^^„„^„, ,^ Halifax

-rXScSrrfnsrm^wi^'-l^rsul:'^^^^^^
'^;'^rSrpfoiea ^f seducing the French inhabit«its to leave the coun-

180

HqrA SCOtlA DOCtrUENTH.

Present —

His Sixcellency the Governor,
John Horseman John Salusbury

Charles La\f rence Hugh Davidson

Benjamin Gjreen William Steel.

M Girard Priest 4 the four Deputies of Cobeqnid, viz. Jean
Hebert, Jean Bourg, Joseph Robichaux & Pierre Gaudrot, were
brought before the qonncil A examined with regard to Pierre
Aucoinh being stop-d when he was sent by the Governor with
Letters, & Loutres being there in Winter, & the Deputies not
coming to Halifax to make their Submission as asual—
Their Examinations were ordered to be kept on 1 lie—
Jean Bonrg having answerd plainly & honestly A .to the
Satisfaction of the Covincil, <fe having come voluntarily instead
of a Deputy that waa Sick. He was immediately set at libertj.
The three Deputies were to be recommitted to Custody
during His Excelleiicy 'a Pleasure. , , ,,

The Council wer^ of Opinion that Girard should remain
• be sent back by Loutre.

here till the Courier

ED: CORNWALLIS.

try for Canada; and thrtatened them with an Indian massacre unless they

""H'els^^^rWe'Used the death of Edward Ho*, one of CornwalliV.
Coundl.STthem^t horrible treachery. HaTmg d^eived 'hat gentleman by
Motestations of friendsliJp, he clothed in a French officer's unrforra John Cope,
Se^'TuH Chfef before .Mentioned, and laying an ambuscade oj ^"1-- -//
the English fort at the Isthmus, he sent Cope to it, <--a"y>^ » Ho^ suDOosfnit
chief which was the usual token for a conference. Captam «»*• «"PP°"''/
him to t^ a French officer, came out, when the Indians from the bush imme-
. S^Sely ^eS fvolLy and Ihot him through the.back. His ^ject •" perparamg
this bloody deed, is supposed to have been jealousy of How s "'""e»^«*'"'
^e French and Indians.-5« Ca;,^ eo«««/rWrf/«r.

Louuburg in subseqvtni pages; French Doc. relating '°/'?=^'°' ,f ;^ ,^"**I"f
H^"t length became so otaoxioos to the British anthont.es^ that a reward of
"rWwMTffercd by Governor Cornwallis for his he^d.-Letters to Boa,d of

^If 'article in the CoUeetions ot the Historical Society of Q?ebec says : "Pride
and vMitv were his predominant failrags. After ramhtg the Acadian irench
^"hrun^wUe counsels, he abandoned them, in the moment of the" ^ »t«ss^
Snr fear of falling into the hands of the British, he left ^o" Bcausejour in
di^^Ue l«fore U surrendered to Moncktor.-cros.cd to the Biver St. John

known of Um.—Procttdiingi of the Uut. Society oj V«f"" -

rnUl, p. lU, i»ot,d by Dr. aOallaghan .» hu noUt U> the if. r. Col. Dot.

ACADIAN FBBHCH.
(Order Book.)

181

■Rv TTi- Excellency Edward Cornwallis, Captam
^y ^ Seneal /Governor in Chief m and over

his Majesty's Province of Nova Scotia or

Accadie.

to Piziquid,* to establish yourself there y<m ^^ ^^^

properest post you can to Dispose ot yo ^ ^

Lsf advantage, 1 11 you cau e-ct -^^^^^ of these'meu
security you are *» <?^^ Pf'^eXcouded, to take their cattle
who took up arms & have ^'^^^^.^^''tb^ being confiscated
for the use of the ^o^P^^f, J P^J^,'£i;5rand iLolent beha-
^ ""l ""^trl to fi'nfout'^hosTSthe three Englishmen
reV'^vToXi Rebels with ^^^^^^^'tfl
Bend tl.; person to me *« .^"^J; *°2 HaS that you may
keep a correspondence with ^aP**?"* ""." you are as far
Lsi^t each other as ne-BSty shall -qui e^ You .^^^^^ ^^^^

as lies in your power *« P^^^J'.^"* R" jr cattle or destroying
leave the Country trom '=a;;y'°S°°o"d order and discipline
their houses. You are to keep good or j^^^^^.

among your men, and not ^^^^"^ V\«^„;\Pith 111 necessaries
tants,tLy will have orders to assisjou with a ^^.^^ .^

paying the reasonable P^ces, as likewise ^^ ^^^jty

making your Block house. You are as o f^^^^^.^

Given a. H.Hf.. the «'^ "''-^^-fJJ*''

Oovr. CornwaUis to Duke of Bedford.

Nova Scotia,
HaUfax, March 19th, 1749-50.

^^Tl'~* * I had resolved upon no account to wealj^

the Settlement or to give the B-g- - occasion ^^^^^^^^^^

advantages by our sending out smaU parttes o ^y ^^^^ ^^

I had often thought that something goou m b

» How Windsor.

182

NOTA BCOTIA DOCTTlfBHTS.

AOADUM FBENCH.

188

sending a vessel to Chinecto, and fall upon them, scattered
and unguarded.

As soon as I found that the thing was practicable, I resolved
to try it. I had reason tp hope that at least Loutre would be
taken, and if the Indians should have marched, their wives
and children might be brou^t off, and the Deputies of
Chinecto.

I found one Cobb,* a settler, who is thoroughly acquainted
with every Harbour and Creek in the Bay, and knows every
house in Chinecto, a man very fit for such an enterprize. I
took his Sloop into the service, and sent him to Boston with
letters to M. Phips, desiring him to assist Cobb to arm and
man his Sloop, with all possible dispatch. This, I chose,
because it could be done there without suspicion.

By the first vessel frofla Boston, after Cobb's arrival, I heard
that the Council had been assembled, Apthorp and Hancock
called before them, and Ijhe whole affair known all over Boston.
My first letter from M. Phips contained the most extraordi-
nary advertisement ever published.

The affair being managed in this manner, and known here
and in New England, must, of course, reach both the French
and Indians. So 1 judged it prudent to order Cobb not to
proceed. I enclose ray Instructions to Cobb, my letter to M.

• Silvanus Cobb was a natiTe of Plymouth, N. England; born 1709. He wa*
choseo captain of the company of Col. Gorham's regt. of provincial troops, which
was raised in Plymouth in 17*5, for the Expedition again»t Lomsburgh, where
he served with credit. He commanded a small armed vessel, employed by
Governmen: to cruise in the Bay of Fundy, in 1747 and 8. After the estob-
Ushment of the Government in Chebucto in 1749, be continued m the pubUc
service as master of the sloop York, under Governors Comwallis, Hopson and
Lawrence, until 1757 or 8. He was a brave man, much confided in, and well
acquainted with the harbors around the coast of Nova Scotia. He served at
the second siege of Louisburgh under Boscowen and Amherst in 17o8, and
was chosen by Gen. Monckton to conduct Gen. Wolfe to a reconnoisance of the
fortress previous to iu capture. As they neared the shore under a heavy Are,
the General and Cobb alone standing on the deck, the latter at the helm,
"General Wolfe observed that they had approached as near as he wished for
his purpose ; but Cobb made yet another tack, when Wolfe remarked, " Well,
Cobb, I shall not doubt but ypu will carry me near enough."— fiu»<««» atsi.

Plymouth, 189. . . , j -.i, i,:.

Capt Cobb returned to Plymouth after the campaign, and removed, with tiis
family, to Liverpool, N. S., where he is said to have built a house. Previous
to the year 1755, he had a house at Chignecto, where he occasionally resided
in winter. He was afterwards employed in the Expedition against Havana in
1762, where he died of the epidemic which there prevaUed, expressing hi»
regret that he had not met a soldier's death at the cannon's mouth. He left an
only daughter, who married Col. WiUiam Freeman, of Liverpool, N. b. Ihe
descendanU of Mrs. Freeman are numerous in Queen's County. His younger
brother, Jabei Cobb, also setUed at Liverpool and left descendant*.— Ooter-
nor's LeUers. N. S. Document!— Murdoch't Hist. N. S., ie.

Phips* and his answer to me, with the advertisement for

who had not returned. Bartelo's command, to try

I sent a Detachment under f ^P^^f^^^^^rd and the depu-

to surprise those Indians and to bring Gerara ^^^^^^ ^v^^

ties, to answer for their ""'J^^-^^^^j^'wi^ter. Gorham is no
Srhoit'mtfl^t^rnedSa^^^^^^^^^^

Indians but brought the ?"««*. ^f',^^^, £ C°«"*'^^' """^ *' --
On Monday ^^^V .^'Z""T)^f^lv^^rl material from these ^
Priest's papers read over. W Uat appear

examinations and papers is *« °V°^'; . ^^j, ^.la Galissoniere
1. That ever since the suspension ^^ Arms, M^

had resolved, whether "f ^^^^^^^ fj.jfo "^ot C-^^^ *"

to secure the possession ot CUinecio, or

events ; ^ i. a* Twin's River last summer was

Thi., Ih. priert told me in P"'"?. I'« J" " CoboqoW, m
4. TUat Loutre w,. tliree or four days »J ,,'J, ,„h,.

Death. -^

. Spencer Phips, Lieut. Governor of M"»»^''^f '^»,i™^fn"ett "^B^wry*
was originally Bennett. He was *«»°"^„'„;. Mr. Spencer Bennett on
MassachusetUi his mother's "»"'«'"sfr'wimam Phips, who left no male
heinir adopted by his uncle. Governor S>ir T> "■■» ^i^cted Councillor of

Sndan?s, too^ by Statute theja^ur nam ^ He -a. ele^_^^^^ ^

retSir Z^t "U^7^^m7ljar--: B^. Main, Vol. 2, .a,. 161, noU.
Minofs Bift. Man., FoJ. 1.

184

SOTA S(30TIA DOCUKKHTS.

6. That the Courier I Bent to the priest, was carried away
by some of the rebel French to Chinecto. I have likewise
intelligence that may be depended on, that the French have
actually raised some kind of Fort at Chinecto upon the River
Tintamar.

Your Grace will be more and more convinced of the neces-
sity of securing that Isthmus, by a Fortress, and a strong
garrison. It would have been happy for this Province, if it
had been done last Summer.

I shall follow His Majesty's Instructions, with regard to the
Inhabitants taking the Oath of Allegiance ; but I propose to
defer pressing them upon that head, till we see what can be
done at Chinecto, and what settlers came from England ; by
that time, I hope to have a good blockhouse at Piziquid ; then
I will demand a peremptory answer.

If the French Inhabitants remain in this Province, I shall
desire, above all things, that some method may be found of
supplying them with Priests from Germany or Italy. The
French missionaries, pai4 by France, will do every thing in
their power, to alienate t le minds of the People. * * *

I am &o

His Grace the
Duke of Bedford.

ED : CORNWALLIS.

Part of a letter from Abbe Jfafllard to GirarJ, dated at Beaubassin, 3 May
1749. On juge a propos de prendre de» Precautions pour se maintener ett
poueauon de Beaubassin Messrs de la Galessoniere and Bigot ont envoye a
cet effet uii Detachement de Francois et des Sauragus hyberner dans la
riTiere de St Jean pour etre a portee de se rendre en terns et lieu a Beaubassin.
Ce detachment est command pfr Boisberl. Les ci-dessus nonmes cenvent au
Commandant Futur de Louisblirg pour envoyer aussitot que faire se pourra
munitions. Provisions et Uommes.*

* Antoine Simon Maillard was sent out to Canada by the Society of Foreign
MUsions at Paris, about the year 1734, and afterwards became a missionary to
the Indians and French of Acadia and Cape Bretott. He received a *ntten
approval from Governor Cornwallis as a cure in the Province in October, 1749.
He was Vicar General at Louiaburg for several years ; and after the capture of
that place in 1758, he remained among the Indians and French at Si. peters,
in Cape Breton, and in the eastern part of Nova Scotia, until 1759, when he
was invited by the Government to settle at Halif&x. and to use his influence to
quiet the Micraacs, for which service he received an annual stipend. TTiough
in early life he united wHh the other priests in opposing British authority^ he
afterwards became a strenuous supporter of the Government under wluch he
Hved, and was much respected at Halifax, where he lived on terms of friend-
ship and intimacy with the principal inhabitants, particularly with the Rev.
Thomas Wood, assistant miniqtei of St. Paul's, to whom he nnparted a knov-

ACADIAM FBENCH.

18S

At a Council held at the Governor's on Thursday the 19th

°^ffis ExSncy being indisposed & obliged to retire into his
Chamber ordered the Secretary to read to the Coimcd the
?eSn of the French Inhabitants ji^l-'ered by the Jepu hes
of the Districts of La Riviere de Canard, La Grand Pre &
Piziauid desiring His Excellency's Leave to evacuate the
ProvTnce & cTrr/off their Eflfects. As likewise the Answer
in writing which he proposed to make them if approved of by
he Sir Which'befng accordingly read was una—^^^^
approved of and ordered to be minuted m the Council Book.

(Translated from the French.)

My Friends, — I '

I am not ignorant of the fact, that fee my arrival in the
nrovince every means has been employed to alienate the
Eearts of the French subjects of his Britannic Majesty. I
Cw that great advantages have been promised you else-
where and tliat you have been made to imagine hat^your reli-
wnere, anu i"»^J^ Tl.r,>at8 even have been resorted to in order
Cionwas in danger. iineaisevBuuttvo uc aa^ntroa

to induce you to remove to French territory. The savages
are made L of to molest you. The savages ^^^^J'^'J^^
throats of all those who persist >n/«°»ainmg in their nat ve
country, attached to their own interests, and faithtui to tne

%Te'manner in which this scheme has been carried ou^^^
vou yourselves will iudge of the character of the directors
LL^^Er designs."* You will judge whether those deserve
your confidence, who sacrifice their own honor, the honor ol

ledge of the Micmac language. He ^ed at Halif" in 1T68 and » »hon time
before his death, having sent for Mr. Wood, deposited all his pap«^^^^^^
and then collecting a™und hjm a number of Indwns, and severa
inhabitants, he commended them to the "="« °^.*fj\^r^'JCd prayer book.
rwis^rrierirtrerin^^brriiJi'gS {^^^^

London, but which was ?«"' P"^'"^^^ <, /paurs where the Church Liturgy

t;r:ierotts?orrerd7oV^ ^iip.:}^^.^-^- so^y

P.O.; N. S. Col. DocumenU; K. York Col. Doc., vol. x.

186

NOVA Scotia Doctjiraurs.

ACADIAK FRENCH.

18T

their sovereign, and of their nation to lead you to your ruin.
You know that certain officers and missionaries, who came
from Canada to Chinecto last autumn, have been the cause of
all our troubles during the winter. Their entrance into this
province and their stay here are directly contrary to the
treaties which exist betwfeen the two crowns. Their conduct
has been horrible, without honor, probity, or conscience, and
such as they dare not i^cknowledge themselves. They are
doing every thing by Underhand dealings, and by means
of the savages, whom thjey will disown in the end. U was
these, Gentlemen, who injduced the savages of the riwr St.
John to unite witli the Micmacs, the day after a solemn treaty.
They induced the Micmacs to commence their outrages, and
furnished them with e\iery thing necessary for their war.
Finally, since the peace tjhey have been engaged in intrigues
and enterprises for wliicli an honest man would liave blushed
even during the war. These same Gentlemen are doing their
best to cause you to leave the country, and to transfer your-
selves to French territor^r. They have endeavoured to give
you very false ideas whi(fh you will not fail to declare to us.

Their aim is to embrqil you with the government. They
have told you that you will always have the privilege of the
year stipulated by the treaty of Utrecht for the evacuation of
the country. Perhaps they have made you believe that you
would have the liberty of selling your effects or of carrying
them with you.

You do not expect that we are to reply to all their insolence.
Before commmunicating my sentiments to you with reference
to your request, I mus^^ inform you of my astonishment that
frencli officers and mi8si(i)narie8 have had the audacity to med-
dle with the affairs of Ms province.' I will not believe that
they are authorized to do so by the Court of France, that
being quite contrary to the good faith and the friendship es-
tablished between the two crowns. And you understand very
well that Kings and Statues, as well as private persons, are to
regulate themselves by ihe laws of honor, and the dictates of
conscience.

But I am still more surprised that inhabitants like you
have been weak enough jto listen to the speeches and messages
of those persons, and thftt you have allowed yourselves to bo
led astray by their counsels.

It is not for subaltern officers and missionaries to explain
the treaties of Kings, and to meddle with the politics and the
afeirs of governmeut If their counsels and the propositions

which they make to you proceed from the French governors,
why do they not themselves appear in all that. It is true
that they would be acting very badly to intermeddle at all
with the affairs of this province, or with the subjects ot his
maiesty settled here. If we do anything contrary to the
treaties they have only to complain of it to the two courts.
I represented some time ago to the king my master, all these
intrigues of which I speak, and I do not doubt that you will
see that the court of France will disavow them, and will issue
an order on the subject for the fntuve.

We have good reason to complain of your having recourse
to the counsels of the French governors their officers and.
missionaries. If you had grievances, it was to us and to the
council that you should have applied for the remedy, and
after us to his majesty himself. <• x^^ w;„„

For once more my friends, you are the subjects ot the king
of Great Britain, and not of France. It is true thatyptT
refused to take the oath of allegiance to our king last aatUmn
after the declaration which I published by the king s com-
mand; I informed you then that neither your sittiation nor
your duties as subjects were at all changed by that act. it
was at that time that you were indebted to us for not having
made you leave the country even during winter. ^

But after having passed the winter in the province and com-
menced to prepare the lands in the spring, it is ridiculous to
come and tell mo that you will not sow having resolved to
withdraw. My friends, you must go and sow your lands in
order that thev may be left in that condition in which they
ought to be at this season. Without that you will have no
right to expect the least favor from the government. When
you have done your duty in this respect, I will give you a
more precise reply to your request. . . ^ ^ , ^ . ,
In the mean time as it is my determination to act always m
good faith with you and not to flatter you with vain hopes, 1
will now let you know my sentiments on two important
articles. I declare to you frankly that according to our laws
nobody can possess knds or houses in the province, who
shall refuse to take the oath of allegiance to his V.ng when
required to do so. As to those who shall leave the province,
the order of no government permits them to take with thein
their effects. All their goods are confiscated to the king, l
have just issued my orders to the effect that all shall be
arrested and brought back who are found carrying off such
effects.

188

MOYA BOOTIi. DOOUXBMn.

The deputies that presented the petition were Jacquei
Teriot from Grand Pr6; Frau^ois Granger from the river
Canard; Batiste Galerne & John Andre from Pizziquid.

ED: C0RNWALLI3.

At a Council held at the Governors on friday the 26th of ,.

May 1760.

Fresemt

His ExoelllBnoy The Governor
John Horseman , John Salusbury

John Gorliam Huffh Davidson

Benjamin Green J William Hteel

His Excellency read a Petition from the Inlmbitants of the
District of Annapolis lloyal desiring leave to retire. Charles
Pregian & Jaques Michel who presented the petition were
called to explain some paits of it that were new & extraordi-
nary particularly where tliey say that they never considered
themselves as Subjects of the King of Great Britain (whom
they stile in the Petition King of New England)

Charles Pregian <fe Miohel seemed not to understand the
Petition themselves, & being asked when where <fe by whom
the petition was wrote they coud & would make no Answer

Being asked why the Deputies chosen for this Year and
approved by His Excellency did not present the Petition

themselves, they said tjiey did not know They were

orderd to retire His Excellency read two Petitions from

the Districts of Minas, one desiring leave to retire, another

requesting M. Girard for » Priest to assist Mr. Chevreuil

He likewise communicated to them the Scroll of an Answer
he proposed to make to these Petitions, which being duly
considerd & some alterations proposed & agreed to, it was
ordered to be minuted in the Council Book.

With regard to Mr.^Girard It was resolved to permit him to
go & officiate as Prie'st, provided he would take the Oath of
Allegiance & give his Word of Honour to the Governor that

he would not leave the Province without his Permission

Mr. Davidson having acquainted M. Girard with this Resolu-
tion, he agreed to it, came before the Council took the Oath
of Allegiance <fe gave hip Word that he would not leave the
Province without Leave from His Excellency The Depu-
ties of Annapolis Royal,, Grand Pre, Riviere de Canard A
Piziquid being called in, His Excellency made the Answer to
their Petitions as agreed to as follows

lOiCIAK miKCB.
[Tr»niUted ftom the French.J

189

My Fbiends, —

We promised to give a precise reply to the inhabitants,
With respect to the permission they ask to leave the province
when they shall have sown their lands ; and as it appears that
you have obeyed our orders in that particular, we will explain
to you our sentiments on that very important affair, with the
same sincerity that we have always made use of toward you.
As to the petition of the inhabitants of the Annaoohs Royal
Hvor, it should have been presented to us by the deputies of
the department whom wo approved of.

Tlio sentiments declared m that petition hardly agree with
the idea that we had formed of thoir feelings. , ,* •

There are things in it that we do not understand. It is
presented to us by persons who do not understand it, and who
do not know when, by whom, or how it was written.

My friends, the moment that you declared your desire to
leave and submit yourselves to another government, our deter-
mination was to hinder nobody from following what he
imagined to be his interest. Wo know that a forced service
is worth nothing and that a subject compelled to be so against
his will, is not very far from being an enemy.

We frankly confess, however, that your determination to
leave gives us pain.

We are well aware of your industry and your temperance,
and that you are not addicted to any vice or debauchery.
This province is your country ; you or your fathers have cul-
tivated it ; naturally you ought yourselves to enjoy the Iruits
of your labour. Such was the design of the King our master.
You know that we have followed his orders. You know that
We have done everything to secure to you not only the occu-
pation of your lands, but the ownership of them forever.

We have given you also every possible assurance of the
enjoyment of your religion, and the free and public exercise
of the Roman Catholic religion. When we arrived here, we
expected that nothing would give you so much pleasure as the
determination of his majesty to settle this province. Cer-
tainly nothing more advantageous to you could take place.
You possess the only cultivated lands in the province ; they
produce grain and nourish cattle sufficient for the whole
colony. It is you who would have had all the advantages for
a long time. In short we flattered ourselves that we would
make you the happiest people in the world. We are very

190

NOTl BCOTIA DOCDHENTS.

ACADIAN FBENCB.

191

sorry to find in our government, persons, whom it is impossi-
ble to please, and upon whom our declarations have produced
nothing but discontent, jealousies and murmurings. We must
not complain of all the ijnhabitants. We know very well that
there are ill-disposed, interested and mischievous persons
among you, who corrupt the others. Your inexperience and
your Ignorance of the affairs of government and your habit of
-following the counsels of those wiio have not your real inter-
ests at heart, make it an easy matter to seduce you. In your
petitions, you ask for aj general leave. As it is impossible
that you could all meet it a certain rendezvous in order to set
out all together, with all your families, one must understand
by the expression '' conge general " a general permission to
set out whenever you sqall think proper, by land, or by sea,
or by whatever conveyajnces you please. In order to effect
this, we should have to (lotify all the commanders of his ma-
jesty's ships and troops to allow every one to pass and repass,
which would cause the greatest confusion. The province
would be open to all sorts of people, to strangers and even to
the savages. They have only to dress themselves like you in
order to render it difficult to distingni.sh them from you.

The only manner in Which you can withdraw from this pro-
vince, is to follow the regulations already established. The
order is, that all persons wishing to leave the province, shall
provide themselves witlj our passport, to be shown to the ves-
sels or troops they may ineet. And we declare that nothing
shall prevent us from gijfing such passports to all those who
ask for them, the moment that peace and tranquillity are rees-
tablished in the provinc^.

In the present state of' the province, we are astonished that
you thought of asking for such leave.

You know that the salvages are assembled at Chignecto fur-
nished with everything! ^^'^ protected by a French detach-
ment. You know that you will have to pass these French
detachments and savages, and that they compel all the in-
habitants who go there to take up arms. 1 am to presume my
friends that you pay no attention to this.

It is a demand whicl^ I can by no means grant. On the
contrary, it is already ^ome time past since we forbad all of
his majesty's subjects ^o carry on any business whatever ia
the Bay of Fuudy, and we have issued an order to seize all
the English vessels that shall be found there.

Two schooners have just been seized in the Basin of Mines.
I must also inform you o^ another important thing, which is,

that you are going to be deceived, and that instead of estab-
lishing yourselves in French territories, you will find that
you are in the territories of His Britannic Majesty.*

For, at present, against every treaty and every right, they
have detachments in the heart of the province.

When you pay attention to what I have just pointed out to
you, you yourselves will see that you have been badly
advised to choose this time to ask for your leave (conge).
So it is impossible for us to grant you passports when we
refuse them to all his majesty's subjects, and to everybody
without distinction.

Gentlemen from the district of Mines. Recently, we have
good reason to complain of your deputies ; they have been
wanting in respect for the orders of the government. We
have been obliged to make prisoners of them. Some inhabit-
ants have complained of that proceeding in a very impudent
manner. A letter has just been shown to me full of imperti-
nence, without signature, addressed to the deputies, and
another to the commander.

The custom of having deputies was introduced for good
reasons at a time when there were no other magistrates or
officers of His Majesty in your departments. They were to
publish decrees and to assist in the execution of the orders of
Government. But when the deputies fail to respect the
orders, and when the inhabitants treat their deputies with so
much contempt, it would be better to put an end to a useless
custom.

You have at present, at Annapolis Royal, and at Mmes,
Commanders who belong to his Majesty's Council. You could
apply to them in case ot need ; and they would find means to
have the orders of the Government published, and to get
them executed. Should it happen that you think you have
cause of complaint against them, it ia to us, and to the Council
that you should apply. As it is not our wish, that those depu-
ties who have failed in their respect to the Commander, and
whom you yourselves treat so unworthily, should continue in
that capacity, we advise you to choose no more of them, or
only to make choice of those, who will do their duty properly

• The Government of Canada at thii time, while the two nations were at
peace, liad taken po»«!»»ion of all the territory now known at the Province of
New Bruntwick, by fortifying the iithmue of Chignecto and the mouth of the
Blvcr St. John, under pretence that the peninsula of Nova Scotia only had
been ceded to Great Britain by the Treaty of Utrecht; and French emiisaries
were Inducing the Acadiani to remoie to the opposite tide of the Bay ol
I'imdy.

Id2

kovj ecoTii boctnfBMTB.

and for whom you yoarselvea will have more regard. The
commanders will name from time to time persons to be near
them, who shall be paid for their services. And as we are
hot ignorant of the bad consequences of those frequent
assemhlies, where, often the most honest people are led
astray by some seditiona persons, we positively forbid, for the
future, all assemblies of the inhabitants, except for some im<
portant business, when they shall have the permission of the
commander and When h^ or some one for him shall be present.
I recommend you to reQiain quietlv in your settlements, ocou«

Sied about your own affairs, until we shall see the present
isturbances settled.

I know that the troops put you to some inconvenience at
resent, as your custom is to leave the houses where they are.
t is a matter of necessity which you must endure for some
time. That will pass away and you will find it to your advan*
tage. In the meantime you can rely upon our word, that as
Boon as tranquillity is reestablished in tlio province, we shall
give passports to all those who shall ask for them. We have
already given you to understand, that no government permits
those who withdraw iropn it to carry with them their effects.
Therefore to give such permission would be directly con*
trary to the declaration of his Majesty published here on our
arrival.

You ask for Mr. Girard to assist Mr. Cheuvreuil in the
department of Mines. As it is impossible for a priest to serve
the whole department, and as it is our wish that you should
have the full enjoyment of your religion, and as there is no
probability that one wi^ be allowed to come from the French
colonies at present, we Consent to allow Mr. Girard to oflSciate
among you. He has gi^en us his Word of honour not to leave
the province without oujr permission.

EDW: CORNWALLIS.

At a Council held at the Governor's on Sunday, the 27 May

1760, r

Prbsent —

His Exc^llency the Governor,
John Horseman John Salusbury

/^X John Gorham Hugh Davidson

Benj Green | William Steel

His Excellency laid bdfore the Council A Letter from M^or

XCAMXH WllMCH.

193

Uwreuce acquainting with his having recovered nine of the
Deserters from Philips Regiment who in their Lxarainat.ons &
Trial had informed him what Incouragemont & Assistance they
had from the French Inhabitants in their Desertion, & that
inonev had been advanced to every one of them. Ihat he
had likewise taken one Joseph Le Blanc who was evidently
the principal Instrument of the Enemy in those Parts, who
had confessed the whole. (As doth more fully »Pf i*' fro"?
the Major's Letters & the Examinations & trial of the Deser-
ters, & the Examination of Le Blanc himself preserved on

*^Hi8 Excellency acquainted the Council that ho had a War-
rant ready to send to Major Lawrence for the iramodiato Exo-
cution of Joseph Le Blanc, but desired to know their Opinions
which would probably have the greatest Effect, a sudden Ex-
ample of Justice, or a fair trial before the General Court with .
the other Prisoners in Custody now at Minas.

Resolved, That Joseph Le Blanc, Labrador & the two men
taken in the Bay by Hiir,- Jean Battiste Petre & Pierre Rem-
bour be brought to their Trial before the General Court lu the
Beginning of August next ^^ CORNWALLIS.

iFVom M. Loutre lo M. Bigot, Commissary o/ New France^
dated Bay Verte, I5th August, 1750.

Sib,—

(Tranalated from the French.)

I send you the ship London. M. do Bonaventure is to
write to vou by this opportunity to ask you for provisions, not
beine able to get any from Louisburg for the subsistence ot
the refugee families. If the four vessels that you promise us
had arrived, we would have sent some flour to Isle bt. Jean;
but for the present we cannot do so. We have here a great
many people to support, and in the autumn we shall have an
increase of more than sixty families from Beaubassin, and the
rivers which aVe beyond our claims, who have not sown at ail,
in order to withdraw to our territories.

The inhabitants of Cobequid are to decide as soon as they
hear from France. They will make the number one hundred
fomilies. Perhaps we shall have some from Mines if they can
escape. You see Sir that we require provisions ; and it would
be exposing these famUies to perish, not to be m a condition

194

V07A SCOTU OOOOKBna.

to help theu. We; are impatiently expecting every day news
from France. We hope that there will be some regulation.
If the limits are not regulated, at least we shall know wBSt^o-
depend upon, and we will despatch a courier to you, with aa
detailed a memorandum of our wants as can be made. The
Canabas, who were on the Chebucto road, have seized the
letters of the English who were writing to Mines and Port
Eoyal. I will have them sent to you by the first courier.
We learn that the Unglish are getting ready to come and settle
at Chinecto. Captfiin Rous with two other ships is to go to
Bay Verte. We are always in expectation of having the
English on our hands. If all our savages were Frenchmen
we should not be embarrassed ; but the wretches get tired
and will perhaps leave us in our greatest need. They are
getting tired at not hearing from France ; and it is very sur-
prising that there are no letters for us, although a vessel has
arrived at Louisbourg with three hundred soldiers on board.
. The two vessels which passed each other on the banks have
arrived at Louisboijrg. It is said that we are threatened with
ftn approaching war. It is reported that they are recruiting
the regiments and calling out a large militia force.

Our gentlemen ejcpect to be relieved. If that be true it
would be necessary to make one's arrangements for the maga-
zines either at Eohedack or at the river Gaspares in Bay
Verte for the houses and lodging of soldiers and militiamen.

We are waiting here only for news from Prance to decide
upon our course.

The foregoing letter mi found in a French Sloop cratnred by Captain Le
Cras, of H. M. Ship TriaL

Extract from a Letter of Gov. OomwaUis to Duke of Bed-
ford, dated Novr. 27, 1750.

I have now an affair of a more extraordinary nature to
inform you of. Captain How was employed upon the Expedi-
tion to Chignecto as knowing the country well and being bet-
ter acquainted both with the Indians and Inhabitants, and poor
man, fancied he knew the French better and personally those
villains La Come* »nd Le Loutre. His whole aim and study

* Chevalier Pierre La Come, one of the mo(t active diitnrbera of the peace
of this country, wa« aon of Capt. La Come, irho was Town M^or of Qnebec
in 1719. Bia flrit aervice waa with Sienr Joncaire, on an embasay to
the Indiana of Niagara, in 1720. He, in coqjunction with M. St Pierre,
defeated the Indian inanraion at La Chene Bapida in 1747, and was the
fame year aent to Acadia with De Bamezay. He wa* in the action at
Grand Pre, and took command ol the French force on De Bamezay'i

AOAOUH FBENCH.

195

was to try at a peace with the Indians and to get our prison-
ers out of their hands. For which purpose he had frequent
conferences with Le Loutre and the French Officers under a
flae of Truce. La Come sent one day a Flag of Truce by a
Frinch officer* to the waterside a small river that parts his
People from our Troops. Captain How and the officer held a
Parley for some time across the river. How had no sooner
taken leave of the officer, than a psirty that lay perdue fired a
volley at him and shot him through the Heart An instance
of treachery and barbarity not to be paralleled m history, and
a violation of a flag of Truce which has ever been held sacred
and without which aU faith is at an end, and all transactions
with an enemy.

Extradfrom a Doa^ entUled, "A short account of whai
pa«8«d at Cape BrHen, from the beginning of the last
War untU the taMng o/%ouisburgh in 1758, by a French
Qfficer." t
It was very wrongfully, and'~witkthe greatest injus-
tice, that the English accused the FWh of having a
hand in the horrors committed daily by Loutr^ith his Indians.
What is not a wicked priest capable of doing? He clothed in
an officer's regimentals, an Indian named Cope,^wh<}m 1 saw
some years after at Miramichy in Acadia, his hair
powered, and in a Bag; and, laying an a°»b«8''*^?/V ^ivl?
, near to the Fort, he sent Cope to it, waving a white handker

being wounded. On that occaaion he attacked a.d earned *%hou.e occupWd
toCol Noble, the Engliah Commander, who waa killed m its defence. From
Grand Pre, he returned to Beaubaaain, and thence proceeded ^ Canada, whei^
hrrema^Led on active aervice, until 1749, when he waa again aent to Beaubaaain,
to e^^ge in concert with Le Loutre the prie.t, in .educing the Acadiana from
theirllleiriance He had directiona from Jonqniere, Governor of Canada, to
Ske po aS of tS Acadia north of the Bay of Fundy and the I'^-"'^-^'"^
to induce the Acadiana to remove thither. At thia ame he waa ^\*°J^^
command of about 2500 men, aome "f'^om were supposed to be Acadjana.
This steo waa Ukcn by the Governor of Canada while the two nationa were ai
-ace Aft« the f"itare of thia enUrprise, he returned to Canada, where he
S^^ars to h"ve l»en actively employed for ton year.. He waa wouf^ed m ^e
2&^n at the Bapida, Lake Ontario, in 1759 ; and the same year, his name »P;
S^ra in the d^atchea aa having distinguished himself at >he siege of Quebec,
rcommlnd of^a BattaUon of Colonic troops, when he waa ag.uo mounded

M La Corne, like Le Loutre, poaseaaed an intimate knowledge ol the inoim .
JLiea, by meana of which he waa enabled to aflord valuaWe «rvice to hu. .
eSfl^era at Quebec.-i«»a Scotia DotumcnU- N. T. Montal DocumcnU.

•The French offlcera denied thia atatement, and charged Ithe crime on Ia.
Lontre the prieat.

t French DocumenU relating to Acadia, among N. S. Archivei.

surled,

In«

ft t-' I

196

HOVA SCOtlA DOCmiEKIB.

chief in his hand, which was the usual sign for the admittance
of the French into the English Fort, having affairs with the
commander of the Post. The major of the Fort, a worthy
man, and greatly beloved by all the French officers, taking
Cope for a Blench c^cer, came ont^Witb his usual politeness
to receive him. Bnft he no 80oner"appeared than the Indians
in ambush fired at him and killed him. All the French had
the greatest horror and indignation at Ijoutre's barbarous
actions ; and I dar0 say, if the Court of France had known
them, they would have been very far from approving them ;
But he had so ingratiated himself with the Marquis de la
Galissoniere, that it became a crime to write against him. It
is needless to explain further Abbe Loutre's execrable conduct.
Cruelty and inhumlanity has ever been sacerdotal from all
ages. The English Garrison at length, exasperated, and
losing patience, after a long series of such priestly scenes,
besieged Beausejoifr, which, being very weakly defended,
they took it in the ppring of the year 1755. It would have
been, nevertheless, more conformable to equity and justice, if
the English had endeavoured to catch Abb6 Loutre and hang
him as the sole author and actor of these abominations.

Extract from a Letter of ike Lords of Trade to Governor
Cornwallis, dated March 22d 1750-1.

You judged viry right in refusing Leave to the French
Inhabitants of the (fistrict of Menis and Annapolis to withdraw
upon their Application to you for that pirpose ; We are
extreamly glad to hear, that so few of the better sort of those
Inhabitants have withdrawn themselves, and have no doubt
but that if you shall be able to prevent their abandoning
their Settlements Just at this time, when the ffrench are par-
ticularly industrious to draw them off ^om their Allegiance
to the Crown of Great Britain, and the Province is contending
against all the Disadvantages to which a New and disputed
settlement can be exposed, Ton will be able hereafter by a
good Correspondence with them and making them feel the
Advantages of the Settlement to remove their Prejudicsea
;and firmly unite them to the British Interest.

JLCIDUK FBENCH.

197

daied HaUf ax, mk December, Vlhl.
T Bhould be glad to have your Lo'-'i^^jP^ »p¥°"'

upt themr-d ^hat ill consequences may aj^e^ it^ I^

believe he can lik^*'^ *«l""°t /C wiJh^eral Philipp's
Chignecto (who had ^k^^^hem before w.t^em IP^

coniitions) made t a pretence toqmt ^^,^^^\^^^^^ ^

ShTsXrw^t-Sis M^:;'^^^^^^ -y «^'--

on tWsTead'tiU a more convenient op^J;lmt>^ ^^^

Mr. Cornwalhs can ^'^^^''^.^''X^t^VO.^\>\^ it is to do
necessary these people *'%t,^^enifTe had other settlers

been offered.

(Order Book.)

Extract from Instruction, to the Omers Commanding the Fort
^ at Vieux Logie + and Fort Edward, t

t^ Wt on the French Inhabitants in the same

/ * Ik* Piainn

Ango*

17J2.

t Old Barrack! at Hinai.

J At Pisiquid.

198

NOTA SCOTIA vocvumns.

but to lay the case before the Governor A wait HIb Orders
thereon. Ton are to caase the following orders to be stuck
up in the most Publick part of the Fort, both in English A
French :

1. The Provisions or any other commodities that the Inhabi-
tants of the country shall bring to the Fort to sell, are not to
be taken from them at any fixed price, but to be paid for
according to a free agreement made between them <fe the
Purchasers.

2. No OfiScer, non-Commissioned Officer, or Soldier, shall
presume to insult or otherwise abuse any of the Inhabitants of
the Country, who are upon all occasions to be treated as His
Majesty's Subjects, & to whom the Laws of the Country are
open, to protect as Well as to Punish.

At the Season of laying in fuel for the Fort, You
are to signify to the Inhabitants by their Deputys, that it
is His Exclly's pleasure they lay in the Quantity of Wood that
you require, & when they have complyed, you are to give
them certificates specifying what Quantity they have furnish-
ed, which will entitle them to payment at Halifax.

P. T, HOPSON.

Halifax 15. Deer. 1752.

Oovemdr Hopaon to Lords of Trade.
(Letter Book.)

Halifax 23d July 1753.
My Lobds, —

Since my arrival in this Government, I have used my
utmost endeavours to come at an exact knowledge of the
State of the Province, by which means I might be able to
shew Your Lordsps. whence our difficulty arise that you may
from thence judge what would be the most probable means of
removing them, and of making this Colony more advantageous
& less expensive to its Mother Country. I have not succeeded
as yet in my endeavour, so perfectly as I would have wished
as intelligence is so difficult to be had, but I shall proceed to
give your LordshipB the best account I can procure of ye
French Inhabitants and Indians.

There are of the former, according to the best Computation
we can make, about 973 families in the whole, the chiet part
^and those we have the most commerce with reside at Pisiquid,
B,iver Canard, Mine^ and Annapolis Royal, the other settle

ACADIAN vraascH.

199

sort of civiUurisdiction among them they nave D

tants began to suspect thej were deceived and e^ens ^^^
of those who had deserted t^eir lands returned aga^^^^^
province, and I have been privately XT^er th^v should not
^ent so far as to hold «o°«"lt*^;°°^ f ,tthe English Govern-
throw themselves under tJi\P'^«^''*^°" °; *J^ ^^rposes ; but
mentand become subjects to ^'1 J^tente *"?£ Eg this

there arose a very «°°«'^«'^*' ? f ^^ll^^fverrrem^^^^
step, which was that as they ^ve on J-^^ J^ ..^i.^j^g any
one another, and of course are noi ^^ Indians among

kind of enemy, the French "P'f ,* \",",\fat they w^^^^ not
them and distress «'«^ /^ P^^'l^^f ^'hTch appr^^^^^^^ '^'^
be able to remain on t^^'^, f**"^'-' ^f ' f the Abb6 Le Loutre
were soon confirmed in by the arriva of t^^ f J ^^^.^^^
at Bay Verte, where he ^as Just no^ assemm ^^^^^

whose numbers I have omitted °o P^^'^J" ^^^ \^ i, gene-
never succeed in o^tainrng any cer^n a^^^^^^^^^^
rally estim'd there are about 300 ^^^''^12^ ,,ho has been
ronVthemrsV" stt t1 lu^d men under arms

*°f ^Ldships may perhaps be lo^^^;i^S:i^^^^l
should have anything to apprehend from «» i~° j ,„ ^^^ny
contemptible a body ^hen I have tl^^B^o^^^^^
troops ; but exclusive of t»^e d ffic"lt> that atte ^^^^

after Indians m a ^""^t'-y^'.'^^ £'/';„^' the different posts of
the troops are so diyid^ m keeping ^e d^e ^J^^^^^^^

Chignecto, Annapolis ^^^Vort Sackville and Halifax, that
Dartmouth, George's Island, lort bacKviue a

200

Ni>TA SCOTTA Docuifiarrs.

I have not at present a detachment to spare from hence even
upon the most urgent occasion. In feet what we call an
Indian War here is no other than a pretence for the French to
commit Hostilities upon his Majesty's subjects.

Your Ldships may judge how greatly I am mortified in not
having it in my power to chastise such insolence and breach
of Public feith, and ^t the same time how happy I should be
If I could with success assert and maintain his Majesty's
rights in this provinpe, for I am now fully convinced that very
little progress can bp made in the service I have the honor to
be employed in, until the French Flag is removed out of this
Province by some means or other ; when that happens I have
hopes that the Indians when their, allies are withdrawn will
no more be able to (|isturb us, and-^that they will then make
proper submission (;o His MajeOTy's Government, and live
under it in Peace and quietness ; that the French inhabitants
will take the Oaths, p.nd, giving over all hopes of any change,
enjoy the benefit of English laws and Liberty, and that Agri-
culture will flourish and enable us not only to maintain our-
selves, but to carry on a very large and advantageous fishery
at a reasonable rate. *****

They have a strong fort at Beausejour and are every day
adding new works p3 it ; of this, indeed, I can speak with
some certainty as tlleir fort is in sight of ours. At the Fort
they have on the River Gaspare, near Bay Verto, and about
fifteen miles from ^he Fort at Beausejour, they never had
above 12 or 14 men at most. No certain account of the
number of the Inhabitants could ever be procured. On their
Festivals upwards (>f 300 have been seen about the Mass
House who were supposed to be the Inhabitants of about six
or seven miles in circumference, they have all arms and am-
munition and ordersi to repair to the Fort upon any alarm.
The original Inhabi<)ants on that side are pretty well settled
having good houses gardens and other ground which those
who went from our side have not, but are kept in hopfes by
promises from time to time of being settled in some other
place.

Your Ix)rd3hips r^ay imagine how disagreeable it is to me
to see his Majesty's rights encroached on and these encroach-
ments openly abette|d avowed and supported by the Governors
of Canada and Louibbourg, when it is not in my power to pre-
vent it, as I have] barely a sufficient force to protect the
settlers from the Iniults of an Indian war under a pretence of
which the French ' ake an opportunity to commit Hostilitya

AOADUM FBKNCH.

901

!_• MoJo^t^'Q anhiflpta I have been informed that
Kch^^v'J'^te^bee'fSd among them in their expedi-
Sons and Im convinced past doubt that tW .7,^^°^*^,^"^^^ ^
protected from our pursuits and «"«°"^^g;^f*;,f ^'^'^^ '^^
openly and in as great a degree as m time ot war.
' lam.&c.&c. p^gopsoN,

To the Right Hon.

the Lords Commrs.

of Trade & PlantatiopB;
&c, &o.

- Councillors.

At a Council holden at the Governor's in Halifax on Wed-
nesday the 12th Septr. 1753.

Present —
His Excellency the Governor,

The Honbls.

Charles Lawrence, |
Benjm. Green,
William Steele,
Willm. Cotterell,
Robt. Monckton,

The following petition was read.

(Translated from the French.)

^ Mines, this 4th 7bre 1753.

To His Excellency Peregrine Thomas Hopson, Esq.,
^ To His ^xc^.^ ^y ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^j j^ova Scotia

or Acadie, &c. &c. &o.

^""•Ihe inhabitants of Grand Pre River Canard Pis^md
Ac, take the liberty of presenting their J/^y h"g^e pet^^^^^

fiat we should be allowed the free oxercise of our region,
and a sufficient number of ministers to perform the services.

202

NOVA 800TU SOCUIIEMTB.

It appeaTB, sir, that we would be deprived of this last article,
if the government were to force them to take this oath, be-
cause the missionaries would certainly not remain among us
on terms which they cannot agree to ; we should therefore
see ourselves deprived of the main point granted to us.

Moreover Sir, when we submitted on the terms by which
the practice of our religion is granted to us, it was by no
means specified that our missionaries should be obliged, to
take this oath. That is proved by the two missionaries who
were present when we took the oath, and who were also en-
trusted with our affairs, without its being thought necessary
to exact of them wh»t is now required of them.

Notwithstanding all the expense we have incurred in endea-
voring to get them at Beaubassin, at Louisbourg, and even at
Quebec, the diflSculty of this oath prevents them firom settling
amount us. Mr. Daudin, who has lately taken the trouble to
repair hither for the purpose of instructing us, has determined
to return should this oath be demanded of him.

His departure would affect us the more sensibly, as we
should see ourselves deprived of the resource of that which
we so much require, seeing that my Lord of Quebec is not at
all disposed to send us missionaries. He has apprised us of
this himself by the inhabitants whom we sent to him ; and
this is on account of the oath which is demanded of the mis-
Bionaries. We hope sir, that you will do us the favour to
grant us that liberty which we so earnestly ask of you ; and
to believe that we are most respectfully, Sir,

Your very humble and obt. servants, \

, Signed by about 4^ of the French inhabitants. \

Which being considered, the Council were of Opinion that
by the Orders, it appears the French have given to the Mis-
sionaries not to take any Oaths, They have made a pretence
of the Resolution of Council of the 31st of July, 1749, Order-
ing them to take them, to prevent the Inhabitants from having
any Priests; and we, having fi-Mn repeated-instanceSithe strong-
est reasons to apprehend they propose by this means to induce
the Inhabitants to leave the Province on account of their
being denyed the free Exercise of their Religion. — In order,
therefore, as much a^ may be to prevent any inconveniences
from arising on this Account, and to frustrate any evil Inten-
tions the French may have to delude away the said Inhabi-
tants, to the great detriment of this Province,— The Council
oame to a Resolution to allow the Inhabitants a Number of

JLOADUH FBKHCH.

203

Priests sufficient for the fr- ^;Xthf T^ms SfcC
vided the «aid Pnests comphed wi^h the l^rm^^^ .^ ^^^ ^^^^

iX^or^ll^f^o^^^^Ti^^^^^^^ case the Petition
be granted. j p t. HOPSON.

Jho. Dupobt, Sec. Cone. ^

At a Council holden at the Governor's house in Halifax on
thursday the 27th September, Ut>i-

Pbesent
His Excellency the Governor.

The Honbles.

Charles Lawrence "
Benj. Green
Willm. Steele
John Collier
Wm. Cotterell
Robt. Monckton

Councillors.

His ExceUency communicated to the CouncU the following

petition : „ u x

CTraiulftted from the French.-)

I^e service of His Britannic Majesty.
'"''We the inhabitants fomerly settled near Megoguich beg
to inform yon that the reason wh-hX^VeJ^^ ^^ Corn-
property, was the new oath ^'"^^•^^/'^ break and revoke
Wis wished to exact from us ^^^^^f J;Xri727 by Mr.
the one granted to us on t?«//*yi" troops of the king

Eobert Wroth, ensign ^^^ ^J^^fd Maiesty S George the
of England in the n^me^ his sa^dMaj^s^^^^^^^ ^

Second, and by the honorable Lawrence ^ ^^

lieutenant, & commander m cbe of th^^s pro .^^^^ ^

204

S07A SCOTIA DOC0MENT8.

This new oath we can only accept under these conditions
and on these terms..

" Je promets et juite sincferement que jo serai fidele k Sa Ma-
jeste le Roi George Second, et 4 ses successeurs. Dieu me
soit en aide."

« I sincerely promise and swear that I will be faithful to
His Majesty King G6orge the Second and to his successors.
So help me God." !
This is the oath we can sign.

Your Excellency is requested to consider that being situ-
ated as we were and now returning to our property, it is im-
possible for us to sign any other on account of the savage na-
tions, as we have stated on several occasions to his Excellency
Cornwallis. If he had travelled through our country, ho
would have seen for himself that it was impossible for us to
sign any other than that which we have signed.

Now, in the oath Which we bind ourselves to sign, we ask
your ExceUency to be pleased to grant us the following arti-
cles which were gra|nted to us by Mr. Philipps.

1st. That we shall be exempt from taking up arms against
any one whatever, whether English, French, Savages, or peo-
ple of any other nation ; and that neither we nor any ot our
descendants shall b^ taken to pilot or go where we would not

2d. That we shall be free, we and our descendants, to with-
draw whenever we shall think proper, with high head (to tete
Uvie) and to carry awav our property or to sell what we
cannot carry away i and tliat we sliall bo beyond the control
of the king of Great Britain. . „

3rd. That we slfall have the full and entire enjoyment ot
our religion, and ias many priests catholic, apostolic, and
roman as shall be thought necessary, without any oath ot
allegiance being required of them.

4th. That we shall have the entire enjoyment ot our pr^
perty without being disturbed by any one in the world; and
that" the lands occiTpied by the English shall be restored to
those to whom thejf formerly belonged.

We hope that these articles will be granted to us by your
Excellency, and even ratified by the court of England, so that
those who may succeed your Excellency shall not make the
pretext that His Bxcellency Cornwallis made in saying that
Mr. Philipps had np authority from the court of England tor
the oath which he granted us.

ACACIAU ^BENCa.

205

KS^ira^r 5"p...i.» »a.. con*,.

The Council then took the saia ^ ^^ ^ ^^.^d to

Boi George Second. ^ ^.^^. ^^^^ pj^^ ^e Soit en aide.
^,d that such of tbe said Inha^£ld%S

round the same as shall Je/3|\i,e free Exercise of their
tv^s use) and that ttiey «^*"i7 J Priests allowed them for

SrV £S;'.f «'«>"• p. T, HOPSON.

John Dupobt, Sec. Coun. ^

206

HOVA SCOTIA DOCUMISKTB.

* * * * I come next to the French InhabitantB who
are tolerably quiet, as to Government matters, but exceeding
litigious amongst themselves. As this spirit of litigation
shews the value they set upon their possessions, it is so far a
favourable circumstance. But, as there is no regular method
of administering Justice amongst them, they grow very un-
easy at the decision of their disputes having been so long put
off from time to tinje. To give them a hearing in our Courts
of Law would be attended with insuperable difficulties ; their
not having taken the oath of allegiance is an absolute bar in
our La, to their holding any landed possessions, and your
Lordships may imagine how difficult it must be for the Courta
to give judgment in cases where the proprietors' claims are
far from being ascertained, and where the disputes commonly
relate to the Bounces of Lands that have never as yet been sur-
veyed that we knowl of. The Council, as your Lordships will see
by the enclosed copy of their Minutes, have determined some
few cases for them m which His Majesty's interest could pos-
sibly suffer no detriment, which is all we could do for the
present. I shall endeavour to send some proper persons up
the Country in the spring, to adjust, as well as possible, the
differences amongst them, relating to their lands; and to
enquire into, and ascertain their claims and rights with
respect thereto, as well as circumstances will admit.

The french Emissaries still continue to perplex these In-
habitants with difficulties about their taking the Oath of Alle-
giance ; and tho' tbey have not been in the least pressed to it
of late, yet they seem to think we only wait a convenient
opportunity to forcp it upon them, as they every day magnify
to themselves the difficulties they should lie under with the
Indians, if they take the Oath ; as well as the notion that it
would subject them to bear arms. I should think it would be
of great advantage, both to them and us, that this matter was,
one way or other, cleared up to them as soon as possible, be-
cause when they were sure of the situation they were to
remain in, it would naturally produce a spirit of improvement
amongst them, the advantages of T*hich they would soon be
sensible of, and thereby become more attached to an English
Government than they have hitherto been. # # # *

I am &c.

The Lqrds CommrsL

for Trade & Pkntations.

CHARLES LAWRENCE.

ACADIAN FBKNCH.

20T

Extract from letter of Lords of Trade to Go^nor La^er^,
dated WhitehaU, March 4<A, 1754.
We are sorry to find that the French Inhabitants, tho' in other

resT:rqSare so much ^^f^^^' I^^TS^^u:^^
versy amongst ^emselves and We «e he ™tne .^^^

without admitting a legal Kight «» J^?em lu

mmmmm

Reservation whatever ; such a J^^/j^^^T"^^^^^ of

TT^loXSwe^c^S'se^

tiiese P«°P;^'/'J'LXre of the Province without an entire

decided foi- tlif,!;™ °'^^^ therefore it would be proper

refusing to accept this Condition ^^

„b.erved, that th.v 4° »»»?££ People t« their W.
tn ZTt^^^^^S^ZTJiioi of the Cth of

^ xt' m». We coneider thi. Point the 7'« "j™ "^St
SS'Kur, r4"^MSa..e iAe»^

308

NO(VA SCOTIA DOCUMElJTa.

AOIDIAM FBENCH.

209

Oath without any Reservation. We sincerely hope then*
CircumBtances are such as will induce them to accept the
Condition, and that their Example will be followed by all the
other French Inhabitants.

We always consideired the having a Fort at Minas as a thing
necessary to check ahd restrain the Inhabitants, and prevent
them from carrying jupplies to the French ; but as it appears
from your Account, that the Fort is in such a ruinous Con-
dition as to be incapible of Repair, and as you seem to think,
that the Purpose wijl be as well answered by strengthening
the Garrison of Pisiquid by the Adition of that at Minas, We
have no Objection to your abandoning it, desiring, however,
that a watchful Eye be kept upon the Inhabitants, and if
there be any Appea|-ance8 of Disaffection or attempt to send
Succours to the French, that a Redoubt be built fo awe and
restrain them, and i Boats stationed in the Ba^in as you

propose.

Mr.

C^tterell* to Col. Sutherland.

(Letter Book.)

Sechetaby'8 Office, 18 March 1754.

Deab Sib,— . , ,,.,>/•

Your favour of the 15th I have received and laid before
the Col.f who approves much of every thing you have done.
Captain Floyer diesires me to acquaint you that he has
given a pass to three Frenchmen to go to Lunenburg, under
a pretence of Hunting, but he has reason to suspect they are
employed by Le Loutre to entice away the Germans, and
therefore thought this intimation might be usefull to you. * * *

I am

WM. COTTBRELL.

To Col. Sutherland.
Mr.

Cotterdl to Captain Scott.

(Letter Book.)
SECBEtABY'8 OFFICE 12th Aprl 1754.

Db. Sib,— ,

Your dispatches by Cobb were most welcome to us, as
we very much feared some unhappy accident had prevented

* Capt. Cotterell wm the fir.t Provo.t Mar.haL «/ J^" '""^ O^t'" TM*
office by Cap. Foy. He was appointed a member of CouncU 8M Uct, 176i.
He wa» at thU time acting Provincial Secretary.

t Governor Lawrence.

Ws arrival so early as his usual alertness made him expected,
I shS dJliver your accompts to the Treasurer and proceed to
1 snail 7"^!'/j, contained in your Letter to the Colonel*.
ZlZtl^fS^lS^^^^^^^ i^ regard of their priests., as
fhey seem to think we do not give tSem a prouer denomina-
Sn you are authorised to Change it to Catholic'^, Aposto ick
A b^lon . hilt thev can have no other assurances given
dven tSW ttX^^^^^^^ <^rms except a verbal intimation
Sltweha^e no such design at present as arming them, and
that The nature of our constitution makes it botl unsafe &
tnat tf^e ""J"'" . . cause in the Hands of people of

have thouX of listing under the Banner of Le Loutre

oir »r,ou .bo.ld ofer to .opply the J"°*°"™"^;
me.»re. to e"j'''l""'Jtbo Indian, in ord.r to encon-
^■S;.'cotoZpP»v..of yo.r ,.d..v„nring to got Uaill.rdt

eerte? who is to be deH^'-^d «P ^'^°°'-'i"^|S cOTTEBELL.

To Capt George Scott

Comg. Chignecto. .

-7Z^{^-[l^;;i^^^^n admini.tering the Goremmeut aa i-re.ident of th.

Council. n

t The priest at Chignecto. >

210 NOVA aCOTIA DOCtrHENW.

Mr. OottereU to Capt. J^amiUon.
(Letter Book.)

Secbetabt's Office 3d June 1754,

^'^'Tara to acknowlidge the Commander in chief s receipt gf
your Letter of the 28th May last. He :s obliged to you foF
the trouble you have taken in copying Mr. Ix>utre8 letter tho^
he cannot help differjng from you much m hi8 opinion of Le
T mitres sincerity and good intentions, Having so often oxpe-
Jlenced his pronenesl to all manner of mischief and Iniquity,-
& I can for my own part assure you that he made the very
fame proposal almostj^^^erfco^m, that you have now transmitted ■
?o Caftain How and toe at Chignecto, about three days before
he caused that horrible Treachery to be perpetrated against
poor How, who was drawn into it under a pretence of confer-
^bgwUh Le Loutr4 upon this very subject. However Sir,
whfn you answer his letter you may if you please acquaint
bim that he cannot be ignorant that we are by no means the
aSressors orTany way desirous to begin or continue a war
with the Indians if they would demean themselves as they
Tught to do towards his Majesty's subjects; that Jr from
hafing any objections to the proposal he makes we did before
assent to it, and even ratify it by a Treaty with Cope which
has fndeed since be^n brok4 through on their part, of which
Transaction Mr. Le loutre can probably give a better account

*^In Tort if the Indians, or ho in their Behalf have anything
to propose of this Wnd, about which they are really m earnest
they very weU knoW where & how to apply.

they very

To Captain Hamilton )
Annapolis Royal. J

I am &a.

WM. COTTERELL.

Mr,

CottereU to Capt. Flayer.
(Letter Book.)

Secbetabt's OrncB, 15 June 1754.

I am favored with yours by Mr. Daudin's Messengers, you
willpCelo acquaint that Gentleman that the Colonel re-
Te veThis letter,1n which he has not related his business at
innapolis however you are desired to send for him, & in
tixe Jfesen'ce of some of the Inhabitanta to acquaint him that

ACADIAN FBENCB.

211

if his business there is to fulfill any of the dutys of his Func-
tion you will give him a Pass, aa it is the intention of this
Government that the French Inhabitants should have all the
Spiritual assistance it is in their power to furnish them with,
and Mr Daudin will never be prevented going on any such
errands if he makes regular application, but when he went
before we cannot imagine he went to exercise his Function
as he went without a Pass, more especially as there was at
that time M. Desenclaves upon the spot. You will please to
acquaint him with this in the presence of some of the Inha-
bitanta least he should insinuate, that we had intentions to
deprive them of the Free Exercise of tlieir Rehgion.
I am Dr. Sir

To Captain Ployer
Commanding at
Fort Edward.:

WM. COTTERELL.

At a Council holden at the Governor's House in Halifax,
Fryday the 21st day of June, 1754.

Pbesent
Charles Lawrence, Esq., President.
Benj. Green,
Wm. Steele,

Jno. Collier, - Councillors.

Wm. CottereU,
Robt. Monckton,

The President informed the Council that he had received a
letter from Capt. Scott, Commandant at Chignecto, acquainting
him that on the fourteenth of June inst., the deserted inhabi-
tants of that district, who had petitioned for leave to return
to their lands, came and brought him their answer in relation
to the resolution of Council of 27th Sept. last, which was
that unless the President would assure them from under his
hand, or allow the Commandant there to do it in his name,
they should remain neuter, and be exempt from taking up
arms against any person whatsoever ; it would be impossible
for them ever to think of returning, as they would every day
run the risque of having their throats cut and their cattle
destroyed, and this they gave as their first answer. Whereon
it was resolved that nothing further could be done than aa
resolved by the Council on the said 27th of September.

t'i

210

Sib,—

Hoivi SCOTIA DOCtTHENW.

Mr. Ootterdi to Capt. SfamiUon.
(Letter Book.)
SECRETABT'ft Ofhce 3d JuDO 1754,

iOADUN FBENCB.

211

I am to acknowltdge the Commander in chief 8 receipt of
your Letter of the 28th May last. He la obliged to you foF
the trouble you have taken in copying Mr. Ixmtres^ letter tho
he cannot help differing from you much in his opinion of I^
Loutres sincerity and good intentions Having so often expe-
JSnced his pronenesB to all manner of mischief and Iniquity,
A I can for my own part assure you that he made the yerv
same proposal almost verbatim, that you have now transmitted,
S Captain How and me at Chignecto, about three days before
he caused that horrible Treachery to be perpetrated against
poor How, who was drawn into it under a pretence of confer.
?inKwith Le Loutre upon this very subject. However Sir,
whfn you answer his letter you may if you please acquaint
W that he cannot be ignorant that we are by no means the
al^ressors or in any way desirous to begin or continue a war
with the Indans if tliey would demean themselves as they
Tught to do towards his Majesty's subjects ; that .far fr^"^
hafing any objections to the proposal he makes, we did before
assent to it and even ratify it by a Treaty with Cope wh ch
SsUid^ed since been brok4 through on their part, of which
Transaction Mr. Le JLoutre can probably give a bettor account

^'^Inlhort if the Iniiians, or he in their Behalf have anything
to propose of this kind, about which they are reaUy m earnest
they very well know where & how to apply.

•^ ^ I am &&

To Captain Hamilton ) WM. COTTERELL.

Annapolis Eoyal. [

Jfr.4 CoUerdl to Capt. Flayer.
(Letter Book. )
Secbbtaby'8 Office, 15 June 1754.

^^^ ta^'favored with yours by Mr. Daudin's Messengers, you
will pleSe to acquaint that ointleman that the Colonel re-
Siv^d his letter,ln which he has not related his busmess at
InlaDolis however you are desired to send for him, A in
fheTesen'ce oFsoU of the Inhabitants to acquaint him that

it his business there is to fulfill any of the dutys of his Func-
tion, you will give him a Pass, as it is the intention of this
Oovernment that the French Inhabitants should have all the
Spiritual assistance it is in their power to furnish them with,
*nd Mr Daudin will never be prevented going on any such
errands if he makes regular application, but when he went
before we cannot imagine he went to exercise his Function
as ho went without a Pass, more especially as there was at
^hat time M. Desenclaves upon the spot. You will please to
acquaint him with this in the presence of some of the Inha-
bitants least he should insinuate, that we had intentions to
deprive them of the Free Exercise of their Itehgion.
I am Dr. Sir
Ac.
To Captain Moyer WM. COTTERELL.

Commanding at j

Fort Edward. /

At a Council holden at the Governor's House in Halifax, on
Fryday the 2l8t day of June, 1754.

Phesent
Charles Lawrence, Esq., President.
Benj. Green,
Wm. Steele,

Jno. Collier, I- Councillors.
Wm. Cotterell,
Robt. Monckton,

The President informed the Council that he had received a
letter from Capt. Scott, Commandant at Chignecto, acquainting
him that on the fourteenth of June inst., the deserted inhabi-
tants of that district, who had petitioned for leave to return
to their lands, came and brought him their answer in relation
to the resolution of Council of 27th Sept. last, which was
that unless the President would assure them from under his
hand, or allow the Commandant there to do it in his name,
they should remain neuter, and be exempt from taking up
arms against any person whatsoever ; it would be impossibly
for them ever to think of returning, as they would every day
run the risque of having their throats cut and their cattle
destroyed, and this they gave as their first answer. Whereon
it wa^ resolved that nothing further could be done than aa
resolved by the Council on the said 27th of September.

212

NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS,

"^n °^„tth^e or fournundred ; wherefore the president
Ssted the Option Ind advice of the ConnoU what would be

TeT/eSd rrl^7rtl^ara\h^^ who Lre gone to
Beau Sejour to work as ^foresaid. ^^^^ LAWRENCE.

John Dupoet, Sec. Cone.

E^a^ from ' Ir>Mructians toCa.^-^aU^j^m^' ^'^ ^^
Condtid in di^anUing the Fort at Mima.

(Order Book.)

tachment you must quarter i\"" "" „ . ^ convenient

in the Hoises mo«t?«°''6^°H« *« ^^/^J^f Ji^egX^ are
for that pum>8e taking eepe^^^^^^^^

ro^'efeSrtt e^^^^^^ % furnished by the. «
?airly paid for, and AU Justice done them^^^ lAWBENCE,

Halifax, 1. August 1754.

Extra<ifr<m a Letter o> Govern Lawrence to Lords of Trade,

Halifax August Ist 1754.

It gives me g-t pleasure that Q ^.^^f,^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
our French Inhabit^iitMn so ^^^ j^tV^are to this Pro-
their affairs might be pf *« j^Yf V-^f^j „„ most serious
vince. They have bepn ^^ll^^^J^^^^^^i j have had of
attention, whioh, ^tl^.t^'^ ^X ?ls eSled me to form aa
.l^pTion^^themTd tS'^^I^S:^^^ I ah^l - take

ACADIAN PBBNCH.

21S

the liberty to lay fully before your J'-dships t^ge^her wi^^
Buch measures as *PP«"2 ..n.^^ rnanrinconveniences
and effectual for putting ,^„«S*°£ obstinacy, treachery,
we have long laboured "i^^f^. ^^^^ ^^^aS in^titude for
partiality to their own Count^men thev have at all times so
?he favor, indulgence and protectum^^^^^^^
undeservedly received from His Majesty 8 u ^^^^^^^

Your Lordships ^.f ^ ^°^7' *^^* Jif^^^^ that

a neutrality, and as it^has been gen^^^^^^

the mildness of an *'ng''^'J^"°J^''j.- ^jolent measures have
have fixed them '" .""'^i^^^'^'i;^! Tust obser^ to your
ever been taken with them. """'/^,"', lAast ffood effect ;
lordships, that this lenity has ^"th^^i^^JSiald aside all
on the contrary 1 ^^"^^'^^1 ^oZ^nXyl^ ^l^t numbers
thoughts ot taking the Oaths ^"'^"JJ^";^;,^" to^^ork for the
of them are at preaent gone « Beausejou ^^^^j^^^^^ j

French, in "'"de'-t^dykeou the water ^^ ^^^

^'°rMrof\he° sfv of parnotwrthsinding fy were
North side ot the eay oi c uuuy , thither. And

refused Passes which they apphedk^r to^^^^^^^
upon their complaining that they coiim g t- ^j^

^th the English, tbey were ^-^q^^^^f^Jj'J^^'.S I had no
come to Halifax should be employed tho in reaiu^

employment for them, but I P'-°POf^J *° ^/y knew^f I ^""^^
the^Eoad to Chibenaccadie as I verj weU J^e^ »
get them once here it would P^t off their journey t ^^^

four, and would be no expence to the Government

the French and Indians wh^n they have d^^^^^^^^ ^^^^

provisions, quarters, & »°t«lligence, anu ^

Remain without taking the Oaths to His Ma estyjw j^

never wiU do till they are fo'^^^J^^^^^^/^^fXrr amendment.
Priests among them, there are ,«« ^°f ,^ "^t; „'/ Land in this
As they possess the he^t -d j^^^^^^^^ any effect while they

jrCnirhVpt^nI» -^^

better, if they refuse the Oaths, that they were away.

214

NOYA SCOTIA DOCtTMEHTH.

The only ill consequertce that can attend their going, wotilcf
be their taking arms and joining with the Indians to distress -
onr settlements, as they are numerous and our troops so much
divided ; the' indeed, I believe that a very large part of the
inhabitants would submit to any terms rather than take up
anus on either side: but that is only my conjecture, and not
singly to be depended upon in so critical a circumstance.
However if your Lordships should be of opinion, that we are not
suflSciently established tp take so important a step, we could
prevent many inconveniences by building a Fort, or a few
Blockhouses on Chibenacadie River. It would hinder in a
great measure their communication with the French, entirely
prevent their supplying them with cattle, put a stop to deser-
tion of the Germans, and cut oflF the principal Pass by means
of which the Indians have hitherto annoyed us.

The Chignecto inhabitants as your Lordships will see
by the enclosed Minutes of Cowncil, have repeated their
application for a re-admission to their lands, but were again
rerased and acquainted that it was useless to think of it
without an absolute copipliance on their parts. I was pri-
vately informed that at their return they were in a very ill
humour with Le Loutre the Missionary and with the French
Commandant, and that they represented to them the hardships
they laboured under in hot being suffered to accept the propo-
sals of the English in a remonstrance that I am told was very
little short of a mutiny.

Mr. Coiterdl to Oolond Sutherland.

(Letter Book.)

Sec^btary's Office, 24. August, 1754.
Dr. Sir,—

# ♦ * * The Bearers hereof being in all twenty-five
here from Louisbpurg from whence

persons are just arrived
they made their Escape

to avoid starving. Some of them

were formerly Inhabitants of this Country, and are nearly
related to old Labrador ; they have all taken the oaths ; the
Colonel desires you woujld treat them kindly, ordered them to
be Vituelled, to have to^ls given them, and Land laid out for
them where you shall sele most convenient.
I am Dr. Sir

Yours (fee.

•To Col. Sutherland,

commanding at Lndenbnrg.

WM. COTTERELL.

ACADIAN FKENCH.

215

Paul Boutin, Julian Bourneuf, Charles Boutin, Francois
Lucas, sfbastien Bo^imeuf, Joseph Gedn, Pierre Gedn, Pierre
Erio, Claude Erot,

' Kt a cmincil holden at the Governor's house on Monday, the
9th day of September, 1754

Present —

Charles Lawrence Esqr. President.
Benj. Green, "j
John Collier, , Councillors.
Willm. Cotterell, j
Eobt Monckton, J

The President communicated the following letter from Mr.

Le Loutre.

(Translated firom the French.)

^"'Thave had the honor of being acquainted with Captain

harmony that exists between our sovereigns.

He wrot« to me some time ago from Port Rf^y^l' *°?

bp emoloved to bring about this reconciliation. Ue wrote to

sr^^:SolinXtS=7:JS

tl to mro'Alhe 17th of the present month abon evenuig
to inform me that your wishes & those ot th« ^ou"'^''

oflfered me a passport. a„„A<,v renair to Bay Vorte

I could not, on account of the Sundaj . repair w y> j

where there is a very >?rgY"'" «.d lae^Sng assembled
making propositions to the commander.

216

ROTi 8C0TU DOCITHENTS.

I notified him on Wednesday last of the step these two
deputies were about totake. He wrote to me that he would
expect me & them in the afternoon. We repaired thither ;
we went in a boat from the other side of the river, Mr.
Hamilton having gone from ours. Mr. Hussey was in a sort
of little waggon from which he did not get down and received
us haughtily enough, wlhich offended our Savages. The con-
versation was short. He told me that he was forbidden to
treat either with me or the Savages ; that you <fe the council
had reserved that affair to yourselves ; that we would have
to go to Halifax to treat directly with the Government &
labour for peace.

Our savages appeared displeased at not having an oppor-
tunity to explain thenjselves, or to make their representa-
tions, after having taken the trouble to come so great a
distance. They complained of this even to Mr. Hamilton.
Saturday last — a Saint's day with us — Mr. Hussey wrote to
inform me that he wa? going to send a boat, &, offered to
forward my letters to you ; but two hours after. Captain
Baptiste Cope arrived from Cobequid ; he had gone to Bay
Verte, and had informed the village of savages in that place
that a hundred of the English had left Halifax and crossed
the woods as far as Chigabenakady, the place of my mission ;
that they would have been much to be pitied had they not
found houses of the inhabitants, where provisions such as
beef, mutton Ac. were flirnished them.

I confess, Sir, that the savages are much surprised at this
step, and that it should )be taken at a time when it is proposed
on both sides to treat of a durable peace. But what astonishes
them still more, is the document which Mr. Hussey gave to
some of the refugees on the tenth of the present month. This
document states that ha, Mr. Hussey, is ordered by you Sir, to
declare to all the French inhabitants who have abandoned
their habitations, and to all the others who have taken the
oath of allegiance to i|is Britannic Majesty, that their oath
continues in force as it jhas always done, and that nobody can
annul it without the permission of the king of England, and
that, if they be taken in arras against his Britannic Majesty
in any place whatever, they shall be treated and punished as
oriminals. This document, which it does not suit my pur-
pose just now to discuss, having come to the knowledge of
our savages, this Baptiste Cope, another mikmak who speaks
French, and Toubick, dhiefs of the Medoctek savages of the
river St John, undertopk on Sunday last, after high mass, to

AOASUM TBXNOH.

21T

inform all these refugees, that, if any of them should be bold
enough to return to the habitations which are now under
English rule, they, the savages, speaking in the name of the
whole nation would look upon them as enemies, and would
treat them as such. ui j j

To day, Monday, all these different savages assembled and

held a council.

This, Sir, is the result, and what they request me to com-
municate to you. . . ,

Primo • They have determined to continue in peace, and
to commit no act of hostility against the subjects of Great
Britain, until the reply which you. Sir, and council are to give
them on what they propose to you in writing, shall reach

S^cundo: They agree to give no insult to those of the
English whom they shall meet travelling on the high way ; but
that those, who shall depart from it, for the purpose of going
into the woods, as the detachment did which came lately to
Chigabenakady, which they consider an mfraction, shall be
treated as enemies. , , ,

Tertio: That in order to arrive at a solid and durable
peace, there shall be ceded to them a certain space of terri-
tory which they only shaU enjoy, suitable for hunting and
fishing, and for the establishment of a viUage and a mission as

* Krto : That this space of territory shaU extend from the
south of Bay Verte, comprising Fort Lawrence and lands de-
pending on It, to the entrance of Mines, thence ascending into
Cobequid as far as and comprising Chi^benakady, and leav-
ing this latter place, formerly my mission, in ascending and
descending afterwards as far as the river Mouskedaboveck,
and from this place which is on the coast of the east to about
eight leagues from Halifax, passing by the bay of all islands.
Saint Mary's bay, and Moukoudome as far as Canceau, and
from Canceau by the passage of Fronsao to the said Bay

Verte * i_ u

Quinto : That within this space of territory, to which they
restrict themselves, and which they consider very moderate
and very limited in view of the immensity of land they did
possess, and of the amount at present in their possession, the
enjoyment of which they demand for themselves alone, with
all possible tranquillity, there shall exist neither fort nor
fortress belonging to the French or the English.

• These Umito would compriB* the whole Buteni \ait of the ProTJnce.

l-d

i \\

218

Novj SCOTIA DocuMrars.

Sexto : They most (jarnestly request, that the replies or
decisions concerning the above articles be given to them be-
tween St. Michael and All Saints, that is to say m the course
of the month of October next. .„ ^ j xi,

I do not doubt. Sir, that you and the counsel will hnd the
proposals of these Savnges susceptible of diminution; but it
you consider the actual state of a whole nation, compelled for
a long time to change too frequently their suitable places of
abode, and knowing no longer where to make choice of places
in which to live with ainy sort of stability, besides driven to
extremities by a too pressing misery, which they foresee will
be still further augmented, you will find in them nothing but
what is just. The lands which they leave you are immense
in proportion ; wherea? these people, living only by hunting
and fishing, would still require a much larger extent of tern-
It was not for me Siit, to induce any of their chiefs to betake
themselves to Halifax in order there to propose the above
articles. Their course will depend upon the reply that shaU
be made there; and if there is any likelihood that what they
propose will be accepted, you Sir, and the council can send
here some one with whom we can treat, and arrange at least
the preliminary conditions.

They beg me to add Sir, that if their proposals are accepted,
which they do not doubt, the treaty which will be made in
consequence, shall bo Communicated to their allies, by whom
they will have it signfld and approved, as well as by them and
their missionaries in Order to invest it with every necessary
formality, and to render it more authentic, so that it may be
the more solid and durable.

As to myself. Sir, 1 shall omit nothing on my part to have
this very important business crowned with the desired suc-
cess. I shall make itjmy especial duty to contribute to it.

I have the honqr to be

with the most perfect consideration

your verj humble and obedient Servant,

(Signed) P. LeLOUTRB,

ptre. g. V.

Beaus6jour, August 27th, 1754.
To Mr. Lawrence, Commander in chief at Halifax.

Which being read and considered, the Contents appeared
too insolent and absurd to be answered through the Author

ACADIIN FRENCH.

219:

nevertheless, It was Resolved that the Commanding Officer of
HirMaiestv's Fort at Chignecto be wrote to, to acquaint the
fndifnf that if they have any serious Thoughts of making
P r th^t thev may as they have been already informed,
Tepa^' to Hate, whlre they ^iU be Treated with on reason-
able Conditions.* ^^^ LAWRENCE.
Jno. Dbport, Sec. Cone.

By CHARLEB LAWRENCE Esqr. Prefdentof the go«««7, ajjd
Ccmimander in Chief for the time being, of Hi8 Majesty s
pZZTofNova ^8iotia,0T Accadie, Uevienant Oover-
llrrof Annapolis Royal, and Lieutenant Cohnd of on.
of His Majesty's Regiments of Foot.

A PROCLAMATION.

WHEBEA8 it has been represented to me -"J ^is ^f >
Council, that the Exportation of Com from this Pro™, ,8
not only of the greatest ill Consequence to the Inhabitants
thereSfbut that^uch Corn is frequently earned to foreign

*^Yl*'hereby by and with the Advice and Consent of His
Majes?y's"&ct strictly forbid any Mast- of Vessels
trading to this Province, to Ship on board .*«f/,\^'^'' ^
Corn without a Pennission m Wnting signed by mysell,

^T^l'do hereby require and enjoin all Officers, Civil and
Mittty to t: tU^utmost Enieavours to preven an^

?mids^that may be att«°>Pt«^ '=°"l'-^'-yJ° S'JpJwer any
meanine of this Proclamation. And I do hereby ^"^VO^^J^e^V
^f HiT Maiesty's Justices of the Peace either upon Informa-

?5S b.fo" Hi. nljert,.. Council, »d comply «..h .uoh

220

NOvi BCOTU DOCUMENTS.

Determination as shall be given, according to the Tenor of

this Proclamation. „ . ,-x. r a *

Given at Halifax, this 17th of Septr
• - fil754, in the 28th Year of His
ft.' Majesty's Reign.

CHAS. LAWRENCE.
By Order of the Commander in Chief.
God save the King.

Jno Duport Sec. Con.
See letter from Governor Uwrence to Captain Huwey in a subsequent page.

Explanation of the

Ad 80 far a» r dates to the French
Inhabitants.

(CommUsion and Order Book of 1764, p. 68, second part)
The two principal and important reasons for passing this
law were, firstly, to prevent the Supplying Com to the Indmns
and their Abettors, who residing on the north side of the Bay
of Fundy, do commit Hostilities upon His Majesty's Subjects
which they cannot so conveniently do, that supply being cut
off; and, secondly, for the Better supplying of the Halifax
Market which has hitherto been obliged to furnish itself from
other Colonies, notwithstanding the great Quantities of Oram
that are produced at Mines, Piziquid & Canard, and which has
been hitherto transported to Beausejour & St. John s River.
This Law (like all others) is general and does not bind Uie
French Inhabitants more or less than all the rest of His
Majesty's Subjects in the Province. The Inhabitants are not
constrained to seU thpir Corn to any Particular person or at
any fixed Price ; all that is insisted upon is their supplying
the Halifax Market before they think of sending Corn any
where else. Their desiring to sell their Grain to Mr. Dyson
& refusing it to Mr. Mauger for the same money appears very

extraordinary. , „ t i. u* +.

Their compUint of not being able to supply the Inhabitants
of Canard and their other Neighbours with Seed corn is a
false pretence, because the Roads are very good for Carriages
& there is no law or Ordinance against carrying Corn by Land.

The French Inhabitants must be very sensible that every
possible Indulgence has been shown them, and surely they
cannot be ignorant tm it is the\ Practice of every Nation to

ACADIAN FBBNCH.

221

_ , ..• e nrvm ntitill the whole of that Nation
hinder t^e Expo^tion of Co^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^

is Bupplyed; and they ^ay^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^ Beausejour

ment will aot sutler "0™^" , prevent it at any rate, by

may be made on that occasion.

Letter fr<m Secretary CoUereU to Capt. Murray.
(Letter Book.)

Secbetabt'8 Office, 23 September 1754.

Deab Sib,— . .. gO instant. The Colonel

I am favoured with yours of tne ^ i ^^^^

desires you would keep an Eye upon Daud^^^^ J^

any Certaintv of his '^^^^}'^^ ^^^^i\^ information of it.
Ecclesiastical vou are desired ^ s^"^^^^^,, inhabitants that

You must absolutely refuse passes u.
want to go to Beaubassin and -^raloSo^der whatsoever
pay not the least regard to «"y,^„^„^'^\^-i Military or Ecclesias-
from Mr. Le Loutre or ^"^ ,?«"°^ ^^Ts Maiesty'^s Govermnent
tical, except such as go f"^*^ ^^^^''^^o^ no right nor au-
nuder which they Irje, and that ^Je ^now ol g ^^^ ^ ^^^

thority.that e^thei: Mn Le^ou^^^^^^ ^^^ farther that

Lands m any «* t*^^Vl^f *"f ' peninsula attempt to go thither

Lands within the Penins'^l*-

lam&o. -^. cOTTERELL.

To Capt. Murray.

At a CouncU holden at the Governor's House in Halifax on
Tuesday, the 24th day of Sept., 1 754.

Present —
Charles Lawrence, Esq., President.
Benj Green,

Jno. Collier, Lcouncs.

Willm. Cotterell,
* "^ Robt. Monckton, J

^22

NOT A BCOTIA DOCDHENTS.

ACADIAN FKBNCH.

223

was brought this day from thence by a Party commanded by
Capt. Cox, also a Kamonstrance signed by several of the
French Inhabitants.

Sir,—

I wrote to Cattt. Cotterell by last Courier to acquaint
You, that I imagined Daudin was very busy with the Inhabi-
tants ; besides the Informations I had received of his being so,
another reason which induced me to believe it, was, the In-
habitants brought in their Wood fast before his Arrival, and
not one Stick since.

This morning the jnclosed Paper, Signed by upwards of
Eighty was brought me and delivered by Jean Herbert Deputy
of Trahan, &c., Brnneau Trahan Deputy for the River St.
Croix, Jean Landry fqr the Deputy of Landry Villages, and
Jacques Le Blanc forj the Deputy of Forret and Rivet, this
last being Courier. It seemed to me of so extraordinary
nature and of such Importance, that I thought the sooner
You was acquainted with the same the better, and at the
same time did not think proper to trust an Extraordinary
Courier with it, therefore have sent Capt. Cox, who was pre-
sent when I dismissed the Deputies, and likewise can inform
You of the disposition of the Inhabitants and behaviour of
the Priest from whom I am now convinced all this comes, than
I can write you.

Inclosed is a Copyl of my last Orders in consequence of
yours upon the Petitiob from the Forrets and Rivets, desiring
to be excused from bringing Fuel for the Garrison.

Capt. Cox can also Jnform You of their Behaviour during
the Repairs of the Fort and answer you many Questions,
which is impossible fiir me to think of at present and may
occur to You. I

I have sent you some Letters directed to Daudin which on
this occasion I thought best to let you have before he received
them. 1

I am with gr4at Respect and Esteem,
jSir,
Your Kiost obedient humble servant,

! (Signed) A. MURRAY.

Fort Edward, 22nd Sept., 1754.

The Council having taken the same under Consideration
were of opinion and did Advise that the Commanding Officer

should be instructed to Repeat his Orders to the Inhabitants
to brine in the Firewood upon pain of Military Execution
being done upon them. And it was likewise Resolved that
Mr Daudin and five of the principal of the said Inhabitants
should be Ordered to Repair immediately to Halilax to give
an Account of their Conduct, and that if they should neglect
to obey such Order within Twelve hours, that then the Com-
manding Officer should be instructed to cause them to be
taken into Custody and send them *» °2'^<^*^J^^^^*nCR ^"
Jno. Dupokt, Sec. Concl.

, Extract from Minutes of a Council holden (a the Governor' a
House in Halifax on Tuesday the 1st (Mr. 1754.

Present
Charles Lawrence Esqr. President,
Bonj: Green,

Jno. Collier, I Councls,

Willm. Cotterell, f
Robt. Monckton, J
* * * The President communicated to the Council the
following Extract of another Letter from Captain Murray
Commanding at Pisiquid relating to the Conduct and behaviour
of the Priest Daudin. j

" Sir,—

" I take the Opportunity of Doctor Steele goixig to Hali-
fax, to Inform you of what is past here since "jX !»«* ^^ Japt
Cox On Monday the Priest Daudin came to the Fort to pay
me a Visit, but as his Insolence had been so great, I reliised
to see him lest he should have provoked me to have said or
done anything that I should afterwards have been sorry tor ,
he then went down to Mr. Manger's Store, where he run on m
a most insolent and treasonable manner saying the bitterest
things both against the Government and yourself; th>«. j^^;
Deschamps came and related to me, and told nie the Pr^st
was very desirous to see me, but I still dechnd it as I was
determined to take no Step tiU I heard from You

"Yesterday he came again to the Store and sent Mi; l>e^
champs to me begging he might see me at any rate if it was
but for five minutes, to which I consented. So soon as he
entered the Room he told me that he was come to let me know

224

KOTA 8C0TU DOCUMENTfl.

three hnndred Indians were come to the Country with no
good Intention, that they were resolved to kiU any body I
should send Courier, and as both he and the Inhabitants bad a
ereat personal regard for me, intreated I would take care of
myself, I asked him if they had such a regard for me, why
they had taken such a Step as they had done, and disobeyed
my Orders ; as for that he said he could not answer, as he was
ignorant of the Representation till Monday morning, but that
I had taken a very wrong Step in not consulting him before I
acquainted You with it, which if I had, he would have broug:ht
the Inhabitants in a very submissive manner to me, but in-
stead of that, I had sent a Detachment to Colonel f awrence
who was a man the Inhabitants personally hated, and disliked
his Government so much, thev could never be easy under it,
he having treated them so harshly when amongst the^. I
asked him where aU the Inhabitants were that few or none
came to the Port as usual. Sir says he, they are assembled
together and consulting Mischief against the English, they are
three Thousand in number, and tho' they have not aU Arms
yet they have Hatchets, they are so irritated against Colonel
Lawrence and the Qovernment, their Grievances being so
great, that God knows what they may do. I asked them what
these were, he said they ought to have been contracted with
for the Wood, and not to have treated a People who were tree,
as Slaves by forcing them to provide it, they were likewise
refused Passports to |o to Beaubassin, and a liberty to carry
the Corn where they pleased. I ordered him to go away and
mind his ecclesiastical charge only. All this you may depend
on, for as the Priest speaks so fast I did not care to trust to
my own knowledge of the French Language tiherefore had
Mr. Deschamps to interpret betwixt us and the OflScers pres-
ent, lest he should deny any thing that past.

If the Couriers do not go down this Week you may depend
on it, it is by his means they are prevented, as all the Affair
of the Indians or the Inhabitants taking up Arms is false, tor
Mr. Deschamps told me Ais morning that in Conversation
■with some of them, l»e told them what the Priest had said,
thev were astonished and declared they had no Intention ever
to take up Arms, for if at the Return of the Party from Hali-
fax they were ordered to bring in the Fuel notwithstanding
their Bepresentation, they were resolved to obey.
(Signed) A. MobSat,

Jho. Ddpobt, Sec Goaft

0HA8. LAWBENOB.

ACADtAX PRENca.

225

JErtrrtrf from. Mnuies of a Council holden at the Governor's
House in Halifax on Wednesday the 2nd day of Odober,\15i,

Phesknt —

Chas. Lawrence Ksqr
Benj. Green,
Jno. Collier,
Willm. Cotterell,
Bobt. Monckton,
*John Rous,

President

■ Councls.

* * » ♦ Whilst the Council were sitting Captain Cox
Arrived with a Detachment from Pisiquid and brought the
Presideat tho following Lettei%

"' SiK,— . _ , _ , , .

"I received your Orders by Captain Cox last Pryday be-
tween the hours of Twelve and One at noon, and immediately
sent for the Priest^ and told him in presence of the Officers
that it was your Orders he should forthwith set out for Hah
fax, he pretended he was sick, tho' able to walk to the Fort
when sent for. I told him your Oiders would admit of no
delay or Excuse^

• Captain John Rous had been marter of a Bonton Privateer. He was sent
witti iwo ships of 14 guns eacli, in the summer of 1744 to tlie Northern coast
of Newfoundland, wlierc he attaclted the I'ort of Fisliot, defended by a French
fleet of five large armed vessels, all of which he took ; he a so took another
•hip at St. Julian's, of ill guns, and ten vessels on the Batiks. He retook*
British slip, burned all the fishing estal.lishments in seven different Harbore,
and destroyed Upwards of eight hundred fishing vessels-all within the short
.pace of one m«nth.-0«. Litthi " State of Trade,'- p. 79. He was next en-
mged in the expedili<in against Cape Bfeton m 174». He commanded the
Ihiiley Galley, 24 guns, one of the fleet fitted out at IJoston for that service,
and was appointed second in command, under Capt. Tyng. After the capture
of I^aishurg, he was despatched by GovernoT Shiriey to England, witli new*
of the victory : and as a reward for Wis gallant services, he was made a Captai«
in the Royal Navy on the 24th Sept., 1745. He returned to Louisburg in com-
mand of the Shirley; and in 1749 was doing duly at Annapolis and in the Bay
t)f Kiindy. In 1755 he coinmamled the little squadron which conveyed the J!.x-
twdiiioB under Monckton against Beausejour and the other French torts at the
Isthmus, afier which he sailed to tho UiverSt. Johns, where he destroyed aa
the French fortifications and settlements. In 1756, he was with the unsucceas-
, All exp..diti.m against Cape Breten, under Lord Loudon ; and while m com-
. mand of the Winchilsea, 28 guns, he ciipturcd a French ship of lb guns. Ihe
, next year he was inccmim.md «f the Sutheriand, BO guns, at the sccomJ siege
.and capture of Louislmrg, and in 1760 at the siege of Quebec. U was frem l».
•hip that General Wolfe issued his last order, before storming the height*.
Capt. Rous settled at Halifax. He was sworn in member of Counci 1st Octr.,
J764, and died in 1760. His daughter married the Hon. Riclid. Bulkeley, the
nrovincial Secretary.- AT. Y. Docununtt, vol. x. Murdoch $ Hut. tf. »., t»1 »,
f . 392. CouncU Bookt N. S. Uutchintoa'e Mom. »el. 8.

jj, TOTi. scorn Bocraram.

tUte Galeruo, Jacquo Fojret, »""•'» ^ • foUen from a^

niY Boom. , ^ , i p. „ j:„ra BidEneBB was nothing but »
'.Yesterday I foT.nd^I>a«f>'l^jfYal90 learned that the
Sham as he was able to ^^ J^% ^^ „o to Halifax were
four others in place of ^jJ^K/^'^d hofding seditioTiB Ab-
employed in drawmst '^«*'*\°", . ,i,„ni PriaoBers, and alter-
SieB, 80 sent for ftem *°}VS»^d hi« tHhe Fort. Cap-

wa^ds b;oopl.tDa«d.n '» jJ^^^j^Xc^with a stroBg Party
tein Cox, Ueut. Mercer and LnBign^ea ^^

^Sire's' *"""(■."» y' "f "»' "'"^ "-'"^ ""■

I.„Jiththeg™.tertRe.|»ct ^.^

Fort Edward SOth'Bept. "54. ^

Sheriff, Itot the fo«r ^'»",»J j^ a, Evenmg, ™ »"!?' '"

French InhsWtento. . ^^ covmcil resMemblod snd

h.^a'S.£ tK^tl^j?^. French I«h.h,.«.«.

„ . Oounca hoUe. .. .H. a.,er.oe. Ho.» i. H.U^ ».
Thursday the 3rd Oct., n&4.

Pbesbnt —
CjJ Lawrence, Esq,, Freaident.
^ Benjn. Green, 1
Jno. Collier, I „

Wuim. Cott^rell, |-CoaneB.
Eobt. Monokton,
Jno, Rous,

XCADIAK FRENCH.

227

The Council being assembled Mr. Daudm and the French
InhabitantB were called in and Mr. Daud.n presented the paper
IS he called his Defence: The same having been read
Ind fully considered and nothing appearmg thereni matend
towards^ the Justification of his conduct and behaviour, but
on the contrary, everything clearly and evidently proved
a^inst him with which hi had been charged by Captam
Zmy "nd moreover, it having been observed to h.m
SatTh Ist he was at Annapolis, he had created much un-
etLrss and discontent ^moJ^gst the Inhabitants there also
tZTiZ Inhabitants oi Pisiqnid who were very quiet and
rdituflt^-ce, grL i-ediately re^ractor^^^^^^^
disobedient upon his return to them, V'^^V'^'l"'''' ''it^- „
a Solution, with which he was acquainted m the foUow.ng

''°"' Y^u have been ordered to this Place upon a Complaint of
<' the Commanding Officer at Pisiqnid, of your having behaved
« in an uTecoming and insolent manner there, and upon Exam-

- mSn it has bee« fully proved that you have m an impu-
" den rn« threateniBg banner before the said Commanding
-SfiJeTand other of^His Majesty's Subjects, uttered Words
" Whfv reflecting upon His Majesty's Government ; also that
" vour b«l^aviour am^gst the Inhabitants has been such as has
-i TLdeucy to promote Seditious and undutiful behaviour
« towards bU Majesty's Government which are Crimes of a

- wriiigh natuie and for which vou might justly expect
-Lvere punishment, but in regardf of y°»'-/>^'^f \°"' .for
^.(S^l^ave omitted your deserved I^'^.^P^''^ ^^^f^^^

- and only have resolved to remove you out ot the 9«""^'^>i *^
^' ?W are determined that no Priest shall remain lu the Pro-
4tL who BhalTdare to intermeddle with the Affairs ot His

^'^Tt"£'4H=w-'the„ severely reprimanded and ex
l,«rt«d to return and immediately bring in tlie Wood as had
S oSered; Xh Duty if tiey neglected any longer to
perform they would certainly sufler mihtary Execution.

Jno. Dupobt, Secy. Cone.

CHAS. LAWRENCE.

'At a Council holden at the aoyernor's House in Halifax on .
Wednesday the 9th day of Oct., 1754.

228

iroVi SCOTIA DOCOHENTS,

Present

Chas. Lawrence, Esq., President.
I Jno. Collier,
i Willm. Cotterell, l Qq^j^cs.

R()bt. Mtmckton,
Jno. Rous, 1 ,

desired to be permitted to ^«t«™ *° Xd in and asked the
Heads of tho. saul F^™d^ ^mng '^aUed m^^^^

Reason of tiieir qurttmg the r ^af s,J f "J ° .^g^e so terri^
the first Settling of the Enghsh at M fax t^^^^^ ^^^^ ,^i,

fied by the Threats that Mr ^e Le^itre ha ^^^^^^ ^ .^

declaring tho great "Sf^'if 'Pinion ofThe English, That they,
they remained under the 1^«™'"'«^;°* ^^^ down on the Island
0,1 Ltaccoant,lmd retired and were set^U^^ ^^^ ^^,

of Cape Breton, wlwre t^cy had r^ndm .^^^

thattLundthePehenigsov^bad^t^^^^^^^ y^^ ^^^

paWe of subsisting t''^'*^, ™'^'^J"eturn to then- former
Governor of LouisboWrg for kav^ to return ^^^^^ ^^

Habitations, to which Iw ''^^^^'^'f " ;. t,^,„ ta enjoy their
clared that if the C^no.l --^'^^P ^ No tTke the"' Oath of

People migW '^f ^* J^^ l,t^e;iyl-rfed to the French,
Settlers, many of whom had «^™7'L , •. >, bv voluntarily
but also on tlu3 oiher French ^^^^Jj'^^^^ by

taking the ^^^h of Ahe^iance^^ H^^ ^^^^^ ,

any reservation. And « '^PP^J'I'.f^.g ^f ^1 necessaries. It
great distress betng "lY^/h^ permitted to return to their

Kvs Resolved that ^W ^ [""^'Ij'^.X^our of th^ being the
former Possessions, and that £ wenty i ^^^.j , the

by their Friends and Relations. , jj ^^^ the Oath'«f

*The said Inhabitants then ^^'^^J.^X taken by the frencb
Allegiance to his Majesty, appointed to be teKen y^

.Inhabitants. » CHAS: LAWRENCE,

., jjio. DnpOET, Secy. ^'^'^'°

%XikDtKS TBENCH.

229

Thomas Pichon* to Captain ScoU.

(Trantlated from the Frenclu)

OCTOBEB 14th 1754.

SlE AND VERY DEAE FRIEND,- ^^^ honored

I believe I rephed to the letter w j^ ^^^

me two months ago I «f P^^^f ^;°ti„g for the pleasure of
since, and because I ^" J^oiL to telf you all that I know,
hearing from you,/, am now go^ngJ';;| ^ > uaudin's affair «
for the purpose of inducing vo^to wr .^ .^ ^^^ ^^

causing a good d«*^ °* »° f^'^ Je of Lob Michel from Port
of the 7th by a man of tl>«°„*^^^^ priest to Moses,

Roval,whowas to ^""^ P^^JXhi had a strict search
which would have ^een found no doubt
been made in arresting him -1 he next a J ^^ingularly

preached a ^^^/^h nSn,' and deluded by saying
accommodated the ""J'"!' .^^^ ' ^hosc crimes are, in hia
offensive things to ^^'^ J%"f !''t^ntion of a holy man. He
oninion, the sole cause of * J'^^f Xrthey-the'refugees--
afterwards r^P':^^^"*^^ , *^„S That when they return to

jhiorr^atti^^sK^^

. Thomas Pichon (alias Thomas fe.gnis Tyrrel ) ^^^^ ^^ P0'?« *1

brought up at MarseiUes,and mearly We amem^^^^^,^^ "'•"•"''"..o,
considerable classical attainments; »"'^.^*V"?™t an appointment of inspector
famUy^« nobleman.obtained through h.s .merest an PP^ ,^^^^t^

of hospitals in Bohemia >" 1^**;. ^V!,^' „, ° as made Governor at Louisburg, in
with Count Iteymond. When t^e Clount was ma ^^._^^ ^ ^.^ T!%'{l

The Isle Koyale (now Cape Breton) 1 chon we ^^^^ „a„.f.rred to Fort

and held that situation from ITol to "/»• "^^^ „ Having become known
Beausejour(Cbignecto),as » Co~a L°Ssh <"' °" '"^ 'f TriilSh
to Cat^ain Scott, the commandant ot "'^ /HSf Hussey, ic, the Bri Uh
cnt^ed int.. a secret correspondence wUh ht"^. « ^J; „;,,, all possible
Xers in charge of the Eng'"h forts, and furmshea^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^„ ^
tnformation a. to the movements of LeLoutr^. t ^,^^ ^..^.^^^ «" ™*to
Beauseiour, &c., until the capture ot tne 'o™ ^^ ^^ brought first to

(ostensibly » Pri«r'^*:;''n''i^ HMifL tC h"»'.s aPP^ently a pr.soner
Pisiauid (Windsor), and then to Halitax. *'"= . , jbald Hinshelwood, one of
on paiole,and un^er the ^"'^Sj'^^^^ ^.^e irHaliJax, made intimicy with
the officers of Government. Pichon, »niie '" . ^ ; ,an8 and conver-

Fren" prisoner, of rank ''stained there, and reported me^^^P^^^.^^^^

rrte-wrol" "^t^^^^rzt !'ndre;v»rin\rp;^
conWiBi"g accurate descriptions of 'he Indians, ana otn ^^^ .^ ^^^

Thtwirf was PuWi'^e-l anonymously, mEng^^^^ »" Tyrrell, a. that of hj^
1760, and in Paris in 1761. ^^XT"'Turra Papers," If- «• Afdi^vef! *"^
Uher-s family.-AfS. -^''*l*^%,^?.7^,m,ic.
ioch'i aUtory of Aoro Scotia, vol. i, VV

230

KOTA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

but will die like misarable wretohea. The vehemence or
rather the petulance, with which he preached exhausted lum
to Buch an extent th^t he was obliged to go at it tw.ce^ He

then told these poor refugees to ^PPf^*'"' *<t^'"JI'*„7' ** S!
commandant's who had a letter from the general of Canada
for them. The refugees did not come, however. Monsieur de
Verffor* sent a sergeant twice, to summon them ; a score ot
them arrived in the fort. As they seemed in no '"^'-ry /°/n «^'
the impatient commander went to his door and called them
himself, and in order to induce them to enter ""^ ™P' J'j >
threatened to put them in irons, and spoke to them in the

"^ aSw had got i«, M. De Vergor's clerk read to them the
letter, which is in terqis more polite.

Its tendency is to urge them to stay with the French and to
establish themselves. It promises them various ass.stence^
This letter, as you can well imagine, had been prepared at the
instance of Mosesf himself. These fO'" P^^Pl^-'f 'f l^.'^Jf
out compliment. Moaes was present and played the part of
Aaron. He was the spokesman. M. De Vergor stutters.

This same Moses has since sent some emissaries to the
priest Chauvreux, who report that Daud.n had been tran^
ferred to Halifax; and yesterday, Sunday, he preached not less
violently than on the preceding Sunday, concerning the per-
secuted^Daudin; but he added that he ^^as 6°'?g t". ^f .«^°*
to England. Workman have just been ordered to finish the
fort, and to repair the road to Bay Verte, which is almost im^
practicable for carriages. You will have ^nown that on the
2lst of last month, 83 of the refugees sent two of tjeir depu-
ties to carry their pekition to the general of Canada, asking
for authority to retui^ to their old possessions, ^ipce we caD-
notKivethem on our side land suitable for cultivation ; and
stating that those wlMch are offered them are m places d,^
puted by the English-tha^_they are not released from the

. M. Duchambon de Vefgor, commandant at Bean.ejour, »» »»" °^ "^^J^

. *rayed by Thomas Picho, his commusary ot »'°'^»' i;"^. *r"°„" , £ g.
loutre, who fled on the approach of the enemy.- IV" .H paper,,

Tjn'ichon,throughoaf hi. letter., in .peaking of the Prie.t Le Lo.tre,
<aUs him Mote..

AClDtlN FBBHCH.

231

oath which they have taken to the king of Great Britam ; and
?blt Tf Sen among the French, they are threatened with
iefnJ punished as criminals. These are the motives. Moses
ever^rXt and active, having had communication through
M De VeSor has made the finest observations on this petit on ;
L I have assisted him in manufacturing «om« very kmg
r letters in the form of dissertations for the General the Bishop

•'TfhrmLnTmf SesTeXred at the altar to those refu-
'"i'^i°?e'rr~who'°hfv,> ..red ., refu.. ac,„i..

Chauvreux said the same thing some time ago.

I am still with the most inviolable attachment,
1 Omnino Deditus, Ac.

Petition of the InkabUarOs of Coh^uid to the InhabUants of

the Parish of Beavbamn.

(Tyrreir. papers.)

(Translated from the French.)

^"° wS~ve were tranquil, and thought we were in the
enjoyme^?rj>eace^^^

Gorham. He was a Lieutenant «[ B»"f^^», \°^ „„k ^f Major in the Amen-
under Gov. Cornwall., m mSL He »^^"f L\eut.-Colonel in 1771. On the
SIL'^SVrnWr.rri.atu.r thl oaths and hi, .eat as a member o

232

NOTaI BCOTIA DOC0MESTS.

men to John Roberts'. Mr. Gorora came stealthvly ancT at
night, and carried off opt pastor and our lour deputies, lie
read his instructions, by which he is ordered to seize upon all
Jhe guns found in our fiouses, and consequently to reduce us
to a^condition similar to that of the Irish. Mr. Goron. haa
^turned to John Roberts'. He has pitched his camp there,
and expects his brother with a hundred men.

He is preparing to establish there a block-house and a small
fort in order to obstruct the roads and prevent U.e departure
of the inhabitants. Tl»ere is no doubt that the English early
in spring, will place vessels to guard the passage of the en-
trance. ^Thus we seel ourselves on the very b„nk ot rum
exposed to be carried off, and transported to the English
islands, and to lose our religion.

Under these unhappy circumstances, we have recourse to
your charity; and we e^arnestly ask you to assist us in getting
Sof the hands of th^) English, and in withdrawing ourselves
to French territory, wjiere we can enjoy th«/''«^';'«^ °\ °"^
religion. We ask yoti to strike a blow ; and ^fer we have

driven Mr. Gorom frpm our R^"'*!' ^^ ^J*' ^" ^J"/ ^
brothers at Pigiguitz, at Grand Pre, and at Port Royal, ^^ ho
wm oin us for the purpose of delivering themselves from the
davery with which th^y are threatened. We do not seek to
Lake war. If the country belongs to the English, wo ^ .U
give it up to them ; but as wo are the masters ot our own
persons, we wish absolutely to leave it.

^ It is your brothers who ask you for he p; and we think that
the charity, religion, and union that have always existed
between us, will constrain you ^ come and rescue us.

We are waiting for; you : you know that the time Js hurr^-
in£y on- and we beg you to send us a prompt reply, ims }»
wK I Imve been ^requested to writo to you, (fentlemen. m
faith of which I havej signed the PJ'^^J^'^jPf lOUTRE,

Missionary Priest.

mny of Ranger., on service, in 17,6. Col- ^"''""',^"''A,ieft of Ihe Mlemnc
Books; RepoHt S. P. G.: Army Lirtt.

ACADIAH FBBNCH.

2SS

The Tintamares ask the opinion of the parish as to their
rendering assistance to the Inhabitants, who implore help.
Jndoroed-Request of the Inhabitants of Cobequit.

TU InAahUants of Acadia to the French King.

SiBE,—

(TyireU's Papers.)
(Translated from the French.)

'xhe French Aoidim., catholic., ™RI<"=/°V' 2»«',>'^

mmmsmm

^Tr'from limiting these conditions, the English government
hala .pea'ed to gmnt them still n.ore favorab e ones. F rs^

when they are approved by R")''] '^"" "7' J^ Comwallis,
the king himself cannot take away from them. ^r. ^°r". ^

'^?r\\note\TtSToVcSng religion, it appears that

the EngUsV Vovernor, wUhing to -£f f,Vst\'ewtiTri
priests, and not being willing even J'f. f£^ °'^f Quebec,

234 KOVA BCOTIA DOCtJllBNTS.

+»,^m anrl hvt\\e other declarations which he

-tSrTti^e^etSotortL^^^^^^^^ governor to per-

^"To^'tteSt/™ from the obligations to ^ke ^^ annj

\o As thev canUt doubt, that the intention ot the new

English tovtnS^s to embarrass them i- th- -ns^^^^^^^^^^^^^

and as several of them have f //^f / ,^;/" JX S.dmwing
any form of justice, they ask that «'^ >^*7«^,,,^, f,^^ thi
with their personal property, ^^all commence o^^^^^^ intervene,
day of the publication of tlie new *'«''*>. *X.^;*''i"Maie8ty
or'from the' decree which t''a<^;^'-f „^is Br^^^^^^^^^^^ Maj^J^

will issue on this subject ^F^^"*"-^' "?; ';'.^'"Ly place entire
what effect the r representet.ons^v.ll Imve the^ ^^^^ ^^^

C^:.irCi^l=?orSatants of isle
Royale.

Mr.

Db. Sib, —

I received

CoHereU to Capt. Murray.

(Letter Book.)

Secbetaby'b Office, 21 October 1754.
yoir fayonr, the Inhabitants have given in a

ACADIAN FBENCH.

■»r • 1 f«, nandin he himself is extremely
very submissive Memorial for Dau<^^^niiem ^^.^^^ ^^^ ^^^

humble and upon promises of future gooa
Bides he is permitted to jeturn ^^^^ Cobequid in

Autoine Henry who came with a^etu ^^^^j^tej, i.as

behalf of those people ^P«^ "^^™e?ur^n to his Lands and if
taken the oaths and IS permitted to^r^^^^^^^ ^ ^^^^^ ^^^^

jrf^rXrpu^^reSytsttt^^

* ^ * *

I am &c.

W. COTTERELL.

To Captain Murray "^
Commanding Piziquid.

TM^r of Lords of Trade & Plantatiorut to
Extract from a ^^^f^^Zreice.i

Whitehall, Octr. 29, 1754.

Having mentioned to yon our ApP^eh-^^^^^^^^ tt^
War, and pointed out to you >. general the^^^ .^

Bary to be pursued m ^»f X'='\*"concerning the Stato of the
ns to take notice of ^.^^^^'^^'^/KX inhabitants, a circum-
Province with respect to the * rem- Hostilities,

stance which has h;^^et fffe^twhTch you rightly observe
as an obstruction to its f ettiemeui, ^ possessed

will continue to obstruct It while the Fr^^^^^^ ^^J ^^^ g^_

of Forts and Settlements at Beau bejo^ j ^ ^, g «

Johns, and tho' we e^nnot fo.m a pr^pt ^^^ ^ be

a final Opinion of what Measures^may

t Charles Lawrence was Major in ^"^"'^Xr Hop»on. He came up
with the army to Halifax, in J"'?^ *? ' *\,,e years 1750 and 1751, he was en

rt.o Ar-adian Frencn from the Frovmce, wo^ F > exertions that the

1236

HOTL SCOTIA Docuusarrs.

taken with regard to ttose Inhabitants, until We liave laid the
whole State of the Cage before His Maiesty and received his
Directions upon it, yet it may not be altogether useless to
Doint at some Provisional Measures which it «iay be proper to
enter upon until! His Majesty's Pleasure can be known.

We were in hopes that the Lenity which had been shewn
to those People by indulging them in the free Exercise of
their ReUgion, and \he quiet Possession of their Lands,
would by degrees have gained their Friendship and
Assistance and Weaqed their Affections from the French ;
but We are sorry to find that this Lenity has had so httle
Effect, that they still hold the same Conduct, with respect to
them and Us, that th^y did before the Settlement of tte 1 ro-
vince, furnishing thefn with Labour, Provisions and InteUi-
ffence and concealing their Designs from Us.

The Proclamation you issued for recalling those ot the
Districts of Minas ahd Piziquid, who went to work at the
Dyke the French are taaking at Beau Sejour, and the proposal
you made to employ thorn at Halifax, was certainly a proper
and pru.lent step, afid We should have beeft gl.d to have
founlthat it ha'd tl|e desired Effect, but this, is a C.rcu.^
stance which in the 'present state of the Province is not to

''"uTslSn that % the Treaty of Utrecht their becoming
subjects to Great sl^tain (which We Apprehend they cannot
be but by taking the Oaths required of feubjects) is made an

. express Condition of their continuance, after the Lxpiration
of a Year, and therefore it may be a question well worth con.

■ sidering, how far th^y can be treated as Subjects without

Oovemor Lawrence wM appointed to the command of a Brigade by General
Ai^he™":? ttTond .M Loui.bur« in ^^^^^J:^^^S^:;T:^Z°is\
the first Legi.lativc A.sembly was convened at "»"***• ?"„%thOctr 1760

^mMried The Legi-latiire voted a monument to his memory to hf "eOed
Ter P.,.i-. rimrch Halifax "From a grateful lense of the many important
^erWee^/-h i'rpVo'ttne^lad Jeceivedjron^^

of zealous and indefatigable endeavour, for the P"»"= K°°f • "7,* be found
right, and disinterested administration " Th« ™"""°'^(?^„ '.^ a^ "P "°"
among those which now adorn the walls of St. Pauls l'bUf=J- ' ^ r ^,
of his funeral was defrayed out of the public chest.- Jomnalt of JV. a. J^gu
lature. Manuscript Docvmentt N. S. control in no feebU

" He was a man inflexible in his purposes, »nd held c""^'"' .'" ^ ^„„.
bands. Earnest and resolute, he pursued the "^ject of esttWismng an
firming British authority here with marked success. -Murdoch ^ Jiut. « o.,
roL;;.

XCAMaU FRENCtf.

, ' J \,^¥h^T their refusal to take theffi,

taking such 0^*«.f„f :ilSo tT^^^^^^^^^ i*'«

Will not operate tojnva date^t»m ^^^ ^^ i^,,

ft question, I'^f?^''-!: but coiTld wish that you would con^
absolutely to /^'^^'"^i^thTs Point, and take his Opm.on
Bult the Chief Justice '^ponj^';? ^ f' ',„,„ future measure it
Which may serve as a f"""f*'°"„7^t; regard to the Inha.
Ly be thought advisab e to P«^^ ^^J^lj.t ?^t of Chij?necto
bitants in general. ^^ *" t^'"f ^^"J if^ench at Bean Sejour, if
who are actually gone ^f'^, t°J^ J^j^n that by refusing to
the Chief Justice should be ot °P"y°'V jjn^ their Settle-
tl the Oaths without a reserve, r by deser. g^^^.^ ^,.^^^ ^^

tnents to join the ^Ff^''^',. .tL .irocer Measures were pur-
their Lands. We could wish t at proper ^^^^^^^^.^^ ^^ ^^^^

sued for carrying such Forhn g^e j^^ ^o grunt them

Process, to the end that yfj^f' there, where Wo appre-
to any persons desirous of «f ^'"f ^ ^tjiit'v, if it could, in the
hend a Settlement would be of gre^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^,. Shirley

present situation o things, be ttteae^.j. ^,_^^ ^here is a
Ls hinted in a Letter to the t^ari oi " j. p ^ jvora

pobSty of g^'tting H "cnlsiderab le^^^m^^^^^^ tlfto'consult
?Iew England to settle there, >ou woma ^^ ^^

tL nJ. it; ^"^^*,??r:;Je wouJie absurd but upon
■D....\\A Hntilement at this piat-ewouiu «„ nnr. Bay

a supposuiuii I.."" -••- T,„iians forced trom xuun ^^v"«

Verte &c are destroyed, the ^ '''"''" V'^h un Asylum as ihey

and in Canada.

Qovermr Laxorence to Capt. Hussey.

(Letter Book.)

Halifax, 8 November 1754.
Dear Sir,— t « T mitre's Letter Containing his prcv

Power 1.. comply <"*,'!>•' ^''/^k""" h. lit M'iM »« ."«="»;
ten, to make «"y.»»™«' ^' ,%".„ „p, .Lew. that h, .. .»
The icrow in "l"* ""J "S.X kmm. t» be betl. iMolent
SS.SS L ifnVi",^.. of « piece wi.h ib, ,e..

aa»

-J

MSamX DOCUICENTS.

of his conduct. He will doubtlesa tell these poor wretches
that he has made such Overtures of Peace for them to us, as
we might well have granted, and by that means endeavour to
make them believe they can never have peace with us, in
•rder that h& nmy still have them under his influence and
dependence, this we can easily see is his drift. But I should
be glad if an opportunity offers, you would endeavour to unde-
ceive any of the Indian^ or French Refugees that may fall in
your way, by assuring them that this Government desires
nothing more than a firm & solid peace with them upon rea-
sonable terras and conditions that can be complied with, and
that the Indians themselves may for this purpose, come to
Halifax with all manner of Safety, as orders have always been
given to all Partys sent out not to molest them upon any
account unless the Indians were the first aggressors by acting
in a hostile manner.

As Mr. Daudin his conduct had been so very bad, and he
had entered so much Jnto affairs of the Inhabitants, which
were entirely out of hi^ function, that the Council could not
overlook it; but upon his acknowledging his fault, and pro-
mising to behave well for the time to come, he has been
permitted to return tp his charge, <fec., that Mr. LeLoutre's
Doctrine of Persecution must fell to the ground of course.
# # * » * * *

Captain Hussey,

Commanding at Cljignecto.

I am, &c.,

CHAS. LAWRENCE.

(TjrrreU'i Fspers.)
(Tni lUted ft'om the French.)

Nov. 9, 1754.

Yon have already learned that the couriers and the deputies
of the refugees* have returned from Quebec since Sunday
evening.

They were pretty badly received by the general of Canada.
The courier has brought several letters from this general, him
who performs the duties of Intendant, (for Monsieur Bigot has
left for France) and from the Bishop.

* Tbnc were the Acadiana who had been pertnaded to abandon their fanu
is Mine*, Beaabauin, Ac., to remove to tb« coontiy beyond the Iithmiu.

239

«b strike. , , . , demands that I should

..Thepresentpositioyf th^c^^^^^^^^ ^^^ ravages to be

cause the negociations ot *'»« ^S"^ t^em to attack us, if
broken up, because they t^"^^/" ^^^i' ^oney, and fraud as
they can -cceed by mean of P- -J^.J^ J^^ ,,,h your-
they have contemplated ^°'"B- , j^le pretext for attacking
self and M. Vergor *« Jx^sy 1^1'^'^^'^^^^ P^„^ ^,,„„,ees, when

r.u3oTis^he SoTStl ki^ng'sLms and the preser-
""^^^ S rnd7our habits are known to - I - -f,

obliged to you for -^-/.^ Cdh."' U Ts't" t! sec by
worthy a person as t.^e Abbe Uauai ^^^ ^^ ^^,y

think that the t'-"/*^''^ ^Ji^i^t^^^Sch 1 gave them, notwith-
not soon recover from {h^/^'g'Ji^ed after my reprimand
standing the e"°"^«°V*^** /J J"^eie indebted to you, for not
and since I told them that they were ina ^,„„i,ed me

being allowed to rot ma f^ngeon^^ They ha P^^j.^j^^^^j^^

to comply with your ^A«l>«^- / ^^^".JvaLs would be advan-
of peace with the English and your savage ^^^^^^ ^^

• Mr. Loutw.

240

HOVA

sccmi Docmnarra.

and establishments contained in your propositions. But I
exhort you to be upon your guard against those same pro-
posals, which I attribute^ only to the desire to gain time. This
ruse being similar to that Used with our Abenakis at St.
Francois and Bekancouirt, who have stnick vigorously this
summer. The more I become acquainted with this project
the more decided I am ip thinking that we seould never per-
tait our Abenakis, Malaohites and Mickmacks to make peace
with the English. I regard these savages as the mainstay of
the colony, and in orderto keep alive this spirit of hatred and
revenge, we must remove every occasion of allowing it to be
bribed; and the presept position of Canada demands that
those nations which are strongly connected should strike with-
out delay, provided the prder shall not appear to come from
me, because I have preaiso instructions to remain on the de-
fensive. Thus I leave you to manage every thing for the
peace, which I look Upon as a feint for your savages. I have
moreover to recommend you, sir, not to expose yourself, but to
be on your guard; for I am persuaded that, if the Englisn could
get their hands on youi they w^ould destroy you, or at least
make your life a very hard one. You will have doubtless
remarked, in this scheme of the English, that they wish to
confine us in such a maimer as to prevent our leaving with-
out being seen by them ; this is another very powerful reason
to induce you to make use of every means to baffle a project
which tends only to imprison us. This increases the neces-
sity of striking with energy, for you know better than I that
ten scalps would stop aif English army — a very lucky circum-
stance, because by theiij large numbers they would soon over-
run this country."

Bishop of' Quebec to M. Le Loutre.
(Tyrreir* Papers.)
, [Translated from the French.]

You have at last, mj dear sir. got into the very trouble
which I foresaw, and which I preaicted long ago.

The refugees could jiot fail to get into misery sooner of
later, and to charge youi with being the cause of their misfor-
tunes. It will be the same with those of the island of St.
John whenever war breaks out. They will bo exposed to the
English, ravaged without ceasing, and will throw the blame
upon you. The court thought it necessary to facilitate their

iCADUH pKiaica.

241

profession. ",^*^ "^ "l," p4 nor anvthng to induce it. 1

thing against the course P^'^^f/'' ''°' !^"^,t oucht not to meddle
i^ndldyoualongtimeago thatapn^^^^

with temporal affairs, and tbit if he ^J^ «°'i^,„^tented.

create enemies and "^"f^.J^P^" general and all Prance will

I am now persuaded that the S^^^^ their lands , and

not approve ol ^^e return of the refugees ^^^^^^ ^^^^

the English government "^U8\ ^"^^^^^^ 1st. The free exer-
these refugees would do well to demand ^^^.^

cise of their .rel'S'"";. *°<^ '^L coSelTed to ask, as it were, a
to be placed in a position to ^>e ^onjPJ^^^ , ^ take care that the
blessiAg from the govenior. Th^y shoul^ ^^ ^^^^, ^^^^^.

bishop shall ha- f e P?wao^either take up arms agamst
years. 2nd. ll'*^,"^^ nj^g ^or even act as pilots. 3rd.
the French and their allies no ^^ ^^^

That they shall have the right to lea ^^^^ ^^^^ j^

ever they think proper to^9«;,^ these conditions ; make

ralVarthat^w^tuT^

gracfually disappear fr^^^^^fX" sacraments, to threaten
^ But is it "bi't for you to reluse tne ^ ^^^

that they shall ^'° ^VTat thet a Tnemies? I wish them
that the savages ^^^^J t"„";\\,3'"^nd8 they possessed under
conscientiously to .abandon the lanas J H ^ ^onscien-

English rule ; but is it '''^]\f'Z7verTh2peric^ ? I think

pronounce upon It now. deputies; I contented

P I did not «''P<^"^.7fJ^the./ the reasons 'they had for
myself in '^«F««''"*'"J:*°nS-aSngthemtoex^^^

Sr tfey»r - ^^^^^^^'^ '^''' '' ""'''''' "^
sufficiently precise.

Governor Lawrence to Captain Murray.
(Letter Book.)

Halifax 27th May 1755.

Sib,—

I woud have yott use your

utmost

242

NOTA SOOTIA DOCDIIENTS.

endeavours to take up the three Men mentioned by Major
Handfield to be at Mines in the Character of French Deserters;
but actually inviting the Inhabitants to take Arms for the
French. If you succeed in twenty-four hours in attempting
this secretly,! shall be glad, but if not, I woud have you issue
a Proclamation offering a Beward of Twenty Pounds Sterling
to whoever shall discover where anyone or more of these
pretended deserters may be apprehended. You will publish
this proclamation by meaps of the Deputies & you must
assemble them for that purpose and inform them that I am
well assured there are sujch persons in the Country in the
Character of Deserters, but actually seducing the Inhabitants
to take arms, and that I expect that they apprehend them
or at least give some accdt. of them. I desire you woud, at
this time also, acquaint the Deputies that their Happiness and
future welfare depends very much on their present behaviour,
& that they may be assured, if any Inhabitant either old or
Young shoud offer to go to Beausejour, or to take arms or
induce others to commit aify Act of Hostility upon the Eng-
lish, or make any Declaration in favour of the French, they
will be treated as Rebels, their Estates and Families undergo
immediate Military Execiijion, and their persons if appre-
hended shall suffer the utmost Rigour of the Law, and every
severity that I can inflict!; and on the other Hand such
Inhabitants as behave like English Subjects, shall enjoy
English Liberty & Protection.

I desire you will immediately publish a Proclamation by my
order, offering a Reward of Twenty Pounds Sterlg. to any
Person that will apprehend and bring Joseph Dugat com-
monly called petit Joseph Dugat of Cobequid, or any one or
more of the Couriers that Arrived from Cobequid at Beause-
jour on the 5th May instaht with Letters for the Abbe lo
Loutre, also the same reward for apprehending the Couriers
who arrived at Beausejour the Evening of the Said 5th May
with Letters for said Le I^outre from Mines <fe Peziquid. I
would have the Boats employed in cutting off the communica-
tion with Beausejour, as Couriers will be attempting every
day to go, as probably Col. Monckton and his transports are
by this time arrived at Ann*polis. * # #

To Captain Murray.

I am, ice,

CHAS. LAWRENCE.

AOADUK FBBHCH.

Extracts from Letter of Gov. Lawrence to Sir Thomas Scilnnson,
Secretary of State.

I Halifax, 28 June, 1755.

I have the honour to acquaint you that the French fort of
Beausejour surrendered to Lt. Col. Monckton the 16th day of
June instant, and the next day, a small fort upon the River
Gaspareau running into the Bay Verte, where the French
have their principal Magazine for supplying the French Inhabi-
tants and Indians.

At Col. Monckton's first arrival, the French had a large
number of inhabitants and Indians. Four hundred and fifty
of which were posted at a Blockhouse which they had on their
side of the River Missaguash to defend the pass of that River.
* * * When the Fort surrendered there remained 150
Regulars and about three Hundred Inhabitants. * * The
deserted French inhabitants are delivering up their arms. I
have given him (Col. Monckton) orders to drive them out of
the country.

PAPERS

RBLATING TO THK

FORCIBLE REMOVAL

OW THE

ACADIAN FRENCH FROM NOVA SCOTIA.

1755-1768.

1.:^

PAPERS

RBL&TtNO T* TBI

FORCIBLE REMOVAL

OF TBK

ACADIAN FRENCH FROM NOVA SCOTIA.

\ 1755-1768.

5^ws^^»»T'»a^ T-

^^^^^

NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

At a Council holden at the Governor's House in Halifax on
Thursday the 3rd July 1755.

Pbbsent —

The Lieutenant Governor.
Benj. Green,

Jno. Collier,
Willm. Cotterell,
Jon". Belcher.

Councs.

The Lieutenant Governor laid before the Council the two
following Memorials, Signed by the Deputies and a number
of the French Inhabitants of Minas and -Pisiquid, and de-
livered to Capt. Murray the Commanding OflBcer there, by
whom they had been transmitted to Hia Excellency.

[Tnuulated from the French.] -

" Mines June 10th. 1755."

" To His Excellency Charles Lawbence, Governor of
the province of Nova Scotia or Acadie, &c. &c.
" Sib,—

" We, the Inhabitants of Mines, Pisiquid, and the river
Canard, take the liberty of approaching your Excellency for
the purpose of testifying our sense of the care which the
government exercises towards us.

" It appears, Sir, that your Excellency doubts the sincerity
with which we have promised to be faithful to his Britannic
Majesty.

" Wo most humbly beg your Excellency to consider our past
conduct. You will see, that, very far from violating the oath
we have taken, we have maintained it in its entirety, in spite
of the solicitations and the dreadful threats of another power.
We still entertain, Sir, the same pure and sincere disposition
to prove under any circumstances, our unshaken fidelity to
his Majesty, provided that His Majesty shall allow us the same
liberty that he has granted us. We earnestly beg your Ex-

248

NOVA

SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

cellency to have the gojodness to inform us of His Majesty's
intentions, on this subject, and to give us assurances on his
part.

" Permit us, if you please, Sir, to make known the annoying
circumstances in which we are placed, to the prejudice of the
tranquillity we ought to enjoy. Under pretext that we are
transporting our corn of other provisions to Beausojour, and
the river St. John, we are no longer permitted to carry the
least quantity of corn by water from one place to another.
We beg your Excellency to be assured that we have never
transported provisions to Beausejour, or to the river St. John.
If some refugee inhabitants at the point liave been seized, with
cattle, we are not on that account, by any means guilt}', in as
much as the cattle belonged to them as private individuals,
and they were driving them to their respective habitations.
As to ourselves. Sir, wa have never offended in that respect ;
consequently we ought not, in our opinion, to be punished ;
on the contrary, we hope that your Excellency will be pleased
to restore to us the same liberty that we enjoyed formerly, in
giving us the use of oi>r canoes, either to transport our pro-
visions from one river t(f the other, or for the purpose of fish-
ing; thereby providing for our livelihood. This permission
has never been taken from us except at the pfesent time. We
hope. Sir, that you will be pleased to restore it, especially in
consideration of the number of pooY inhabitants who would
be very glad to support tlieir families with the fish that they
would be able to catch. Moreover, our guns, which we regard
as our own personal property, have been taken from us, not-
withstanding the fact thtit they are absolutely necessary to us,
either to defend our cattle which are attacked by the wild
beasts, or for the protection of our children, and of ourselves.

" Any inhabitant who may have his oxen in the woods, and
who may need them for purposes of labour, would not dare to
expose himself in going for them without being prepared to
defend himself.

" It is certain. Sir, th4t since the savages have ceased fre-
quenting our parts, the wild beasts have greatly increased,
and that our cattle are devoured by them almost every day.
Besides, the arms whicl^ have been taken from us are but a
feeble guarantee of ouif fidelity. It is not the gun which an
inhabitant possesses, that will induce him to revolt, nor the

Erivation of the same gun that will make him more faithful ;
ut his conscience alone must induce him to maintain his
oath. An order has ajppeared in your Excellency's name,

ACADIAN FBENCH.

249

given at Fort Edward June 4th, 1755, and in the 28th year of
his Majesty's reign, by which we are commanded to carry
guns, pistols etc. to Fort Edward. It appears to uS, Sir, that
it would be dangerous for us to execute that order, before re-
presenting to you the danger to which this order exposes us.
The savages may come and threaten and plunder us, reproach-
ing us for having furnished arms to kill them. We hope, Sir,
that you will be pleased, on the contrary, to order that those
taken from us be restored to us. By so doing, you will afford
us the means of preserving both ourselves and our cattle. In
the last place, we are grieved, Sir, at seeing ourselves de-
clared guilty without being aware of having disobeyed. One
of our inhabitants of the river Canard, named Piere Melan^on,
was seized and arrested in charge of his boat, before having
heard any order forbidding that sort of transport. Wo beg
your Excellency, on this subject, to have the goodness to make
known to us your good pleasure before confiscating our pro-
perty and considering us in fault. This is the favour we ex-
pect from your Excellency's kindness, and we hope that you
will do us the justice to believe that very far from violating
our promises, we will maintain them, assuring you that we
are very respectfully,

Sir,
Your very humble and obt. servants,"

Signed by twenty-five of the said inhabitants.

I " Mines, June 24, 1755.

" To his ExceHency Charles Lawrence, Esq., Governor
olShe province of Nova Scotia or Acadie.
Sib,—

"All the inhabitants of Mines, Pisiquid and the river
Canard, beg your Excellency to believe that if, in the petition
which they have had the honor to present to your Excellency,,
there shall be found any error or any want of respect towards
the government, it is intirely contrary to their intention ; audi
that in this case, the inhabitants who have signed it, are not
more guilty than the others.

" If, sometimes, the inhabitants become embarrassed in your
Excellency's presence, they humbly beg you to excuse their
timidity ; and if, contrary to our expectation, there is anything
hard in the said petition, we beg your Excellency to do us tha
favour of allowing us to explain our intention.

250

NOVi. SCOTIA DOCUMEUTS.

We hope that your Ejxcellency will be pleased to grant us
this favour, begging you to believe that we are very respect-
fully, Sir,

Your very humble and very obedient servants,"

Signed by forty-four pf the said inhabitants in the name of
the whole.

The Lieutenant Governor at the same time acquainted the
Council that Capt. Murray had informed him that for some
time before the delivety of the first of the said memorials
the French Inhabitants in general had behaved with greater
Submission and Obedience to the Orders of the Government
than usual, and had already delivered into him a considerable
number of their Fire Arms, but that at the delivery of the
said Memorial they treated him with great Indecency and
Insolence, which gave him strong Suspicions, that they had
obtained some Intelligejice which we were then ignorant of,
and which the Lieutenant Governor conceived might most
probably be a Report that had been about that time spread
amongst them of a Fiiench Fleet being then in the Bay of
Fundy, it being very notorious that the said French Inhabi-
tants have always discovered an insolent and inimical Dispo-
sition towards His Majesty's Government when they have had
the least hopes of assistance from Prance.

The Lieutenant Gov^nor likewise acquainted the Council
that upon his receipt of the first Memorial, he had wrote to
Captain Murray to order all those who had Signed the same,
to repair forthwith to Halifax to attend him and the Council
thereon, and that they were accordingly arrived and then in
waiting without.

The Council having then taken the Contents of the said
Memorials into Consideration, were unanimously of Opinion
That the Memorial of the 10th of June is highly arrogant
and insidious, an Insullj upon His Majesty's Authority and
Government, and deseryed the highest Resentment, and that if
the Memorialists had not submitted themselves by their sub-
sequent Memorial, they ought to have been severely punish-
ed for their Presumption.

The Deputies were (hen called in and the Names of the
Subscribers to the Memorial read over, and such of them as
were present, ordered to Answer to their Names, which thev
did to the number of fifteen, the others being Sick, after which
the Memorial itself wa? again read, and they were severely
jeprimanded for their AJudacity in Subscribing and Presenting

BSS

ACADIAN FBENCH.

251

80 impertinent a Paper, but in Compassion to their Weakness
and Ignorance of the Nature of our Constitution, especially in
Matters of Government, and as the Memorialists had presented
a subsequent one, and had shewn an Appearance of Concern
for their past behaviour therein, and had then presented them-
selves before the Council with great Submission and Repen-
tance, The Council informed them they were still ready to
treat them with Lenity, and in order to shew them the falsity
as well as Impudence of the Contents of their Memorial, it
was ordered to be read Paragraph by Paragraph, and the
Truth of the several Allegations minutely discussed, and
Remarks made by the Lieutenant Governor on each Para-
graph, to the following EflFect, vizt.

It was observed in Answer to this Paragraph of their Memo-
rial of the 10th of June

" That they were affected with the Proceedings
" of the Government towards them."

That they had been always treated by the Goverment with
the greatest Lenity and Tenderness. That they had enjoyed
more Privileges than English Subjects, and had been indulged
in the free Exoercise of their Religion. That the}' had at all
times full Liberty to consult their Priests, and had been pro-
tected in their Trade and Fishery, and had been for many
Years permitted to possess their Lands (part of the best Soil
of the Province) tho' they had not complied with the Terms,
on which the Lands were granted, by Taking the Oath of
Allegiance to the Crown.

They were then asked whether they could produce an
Instance that any Privilege was denied to them, or that any
hardships, were ever imposed upon them by the Govern-
ment.

They acknowledged the Justice and Lenity of the Govern-
ment.

Upon the Paragraph where

" They desire their past Conduct might be con
•' sidered."

It was remarked to them that their past Conduct was con-
sidered, and that the Government were sorry to have occasion
to say that their Conduct had been undutifuU and very ungrate-
full for the Lenity shown to them. That they had no Returns
of Loyalty to the Crown, or Respect to His Majesty's Govern-
ment in the Province. That they had discovered a constant

252

notjl scotu DocnHEirre.

disposition to Assist Hjs Majesty's Enemies, and to distress Ms
Subjects. That they hjad not only furnished the Enemy with
Provisions and Ammupition, but had refused to supply the
Inliabitants, or Governpient, with Provisions, and when they
did Supply, they havq exacted tliree times the Price for
which tliey were sold »t other Markets. That they had been
indolent and Idle on tljeir Lands, had neglected Husbandry,
and the Cultivation of the Soil, and had been of no use to the
Province either in Husbandry, Trade or Fishery, but had
been rather an Obstrjiction to the King's Intentions in the
Settlement. |

They were then afkqd whether they could mention a single
Instance of Service to (.he Government. To wlucb they were
incapable of making any Reply.

Upon reading this Paragraph,

'' It seems that your Excellency is doubtfuU of
"the Sincerity of those who have promised fidelity,
" That they had been so far from breaking their
" Oath, that they had kept it in spight of terrifying
" Menaces fi-om another Power ''

They were asked Whajt gave them Occasion to suppose that
the Government was doubtfuU of their Sincerity ? and were
told, that it argued a (Jonsciousness in them of insincerity and
want of Attachment tp the Interests of His Majesty and his
Government. That aa to taking their Arras, They had often
urged that the Indians would annoy them if they did not
Assist them, and that by taking their Arms by Act of Govern-
ment, it was put out 01 the Power of the Indians to threaten
or force them to their Assistance. That they had assisted
the King's Enemies^ »nd appeared too ready to Join with
another Power, contralry to the Allegiance they were bound
by their Oath to yield to His Majesty.
In Answer to this Paragraph,

" We are now in the same disposition, the purest
"and sincerest, to prove in every Circumstance
" Fidelity to His Majesty in the same manner as we
" have done. Provided that His Majesty will leave
" us the same Liberties which Ite has granted us "

They were told that it was hoped, they would hereafter give
Proofs of more sincerp and pure dispositions of Mind, in the
Practice of Fidelity to( His Majesty, and that they would for-
bear to Act in the manner they have done, in obstructing the

ACADIAN FRENCH.

253

•-

Settlement of the Province, by Assisting the Indians and
French to the distress and Annoyance of many of His Majesty's
Subjects, and to the Loss of the Lives of several of the English
Inhabitants. That it was not the Language of British Sub-
jects to talk of Terms with the Crown, to Capitulate about
their Fidelity and Allegiance, and that it was insolent to
insert a Proviso, that they would prove their Fidelity Provided
that His Majesty would give them Liberties.

All His Majesty's Subjects are protected in the Enjoyment
of every Liberty, while they continue Loyal and taithfull to
the Crown, and when they become false and disloyal they
forfeit that Protection.

That they in particular, tho they had acted so insincerely
on every Opportunity, had been left in the full Enjoyment of
their Religion, Liberty and Properties, with an Indulgence
beyond what would have been allowed to any British Subject,
who could presume, as they have done, to join in the Measures
of another Power.

They were told in answer to tho Paragraph where,

" They desire their Canoes for carr^'ing their
" Provisions from one River to another and for
" their Fishery " j

That they wanted their Canoes for carrying Provisions to the
Enemy, and not for their own use or the Fishery, That by a
Law of this Province. All Persons are restrained from carry-
ing Provisions from one Port to another, and every Vessel,
Canoe or Bark found with Provisions is forfeited, and a
Penalty is inflicted on the Owners.

They were also told in Answer to the following Paragraph,

" They Petition for their Guns as part of their
" Goods, that they may be restored to defend their
" Cattle from the Wild Beasts, and to preserve
"themselves and their Children, That since the
" Indians have quitted their Quarters, the Wild
" Beasts are greatly increased "

That Guns are no part of their Goods, as they have no Right
to keep Arms. By the Laws of England, All Roman Catho-
licks are restrained from having Arms, and they are Subject
to Penalties if Arms are found in their Houses.

That upon the Order from Captain Murray many of the
Inhabitants voluntarily brought in their Arms, and none ot
them pretended that they wanted them for defence of their

254

NOVA SCOTIA DOCUICENTB.

Cattle against Wild Beafets, and that the Wild Beaats had not
increased since their Aifns were surrendered. That they had
some secret Induceraentj, at that time, for presuming to demand
their Arms as part of iheir Goods and their Right, and that
they had flattered theijnselves of being supported in their
Insolence to the Goverfiment, on a Report that some french
Ships of War were in the Bay of Fundy. That this daring
Attempt plainly discovered the falsehood of their Professions
of Fidelity to the King, and their readiness has been visible
upon every Intimation pf force or Assistance from France, to
insult His Majesty's Gorernment, and to join with hia Enemies,
contrary to their Oath of Fidelity.
Upon reading this Paragraph,

" Besides the Arms we carry are a feeble Surety
" for our Fidelity. It is not the Gun that an In-
" habitant ppssesses, which will lead him to Revolt,
" nor the dejpriving him of that Gun that will make
" him more faithful, but his Conscience alone ought
" to engage him to maintain his Oath."

They were asked, what Excuse they conld make for their
Presumption in this Pa^-agraph, and treating the Government
with such Indignity an|d Contempt as to Expound to them the
nature of Fidelity, andl to prescribe what would be the Se-
curity proper to be rel»ed on by the Government for their
Sincerity. That their Consciences ought indeed to engage
them to Fidelity from their Oath of Allegiance to the King,
and that if they were sincere in their Duty to the Crown,
they would not be so anxious for their Arms, when it was the
pleasure of the King's Government to demand them for
His Majesty's Service. They were then informed that a very
fair Opportunity now presented itself to them to Manifest
the reality of their Obedience to the Government by imme-
diately taking the Oath of Allegiance in the Common Form
before the Council. Tlheir Reply to this Proposal was, 1 hat
they were not come prepared to resolve the Council on that
head They were then told that they very well knew for
these Six Years past, the same thing had been often proposed
to them and had been as often evaded under various frivolous
pretences, that they bad often been informed that sometime
or other it would be required of them and must be done, and
that the Council did ppt doubt but they knew the Sentiments
of the InhabiUnts iq general, and had fully considered and
determined this point vith regard to themselves before now,

ACADIAN FBENCH.

255

ii u A ^.c,an already indulged with Six Years to form a
as they had been a^^eaay mauige ^^^^^

t^X should de?crmiue, for that they were desirous of either

Soe.» tLv retutneci with the »m6 An.wer, That they

Si not "Lent to t.ke the O.th .. piesonbed ""thoat con,

?.' i»^!,ro«nBral Bodv, bot that thoy were ready to lake it

"' thi; W So". b.?ie, to which 'they ware answered^

Time the Council then adjourned. ^^^^ la^WRENCE.
Jno. Dupobt, Sec. Con.

At a Council holden at the Governor's House in Halifax on
Fry day the 4th July 1755,

Present —
The Lieutenant Governor.
Benj. Green,
*Jno. Collier,
Willni. Cotterell,
Jon". Belcher,

Councs.

-T^^on. Joiin Corner - ', J^f w^r.oo^'atrhraVrifa! ^^v^^l

25«

french Deputies who

NdVA SCOTIA DOCUMEfflS.

The Council being met according to Adjournment, ther

were Yesterday Ordered to Attend the
Council, were broug^)t in, and, upon being asked what Reso-
lution they were cokne to in regard to the Oath, They de-
clared they could noj consent to Take the Oath in the Form re-
quired without consulting the Body. They were then in-
formed that as they liad now for their own particulars, refused
to Take the Oath as directed by Law, and thereby sufficiently
evinced the Sincerity of their Inclination towards the Govern-
ment, The Council c3inld no longer look on them as Subjects
to His Britannick ijajestyr but as Subjects of the King of
Prance, and as such they must hereafter be Treated ; and they
were Ordered to withdraw.

The Council after Consideration, were of Opinion That di-
rections should be given to Captain Murray to order the
French Inhabitants fprthwith to Choose and send to Halifax^
new Deputies with t|ie General Resolution of the said Inhabi-
tants in regard to taking the Oath, and that none of them
■should for the futura be admitted to Take it after having once
refused so to do, b<it that effectual Measures ought to be
taken to remove all such Recusants out of the Province.

The Deputies were then called in again, and having been
informed of this Resolution, and finding they could no longer
avail themselves of ^he Disposition of the Government to in-
gago them to a Dutifull Behaviour by Lenity and perswasion,
Oftered to take the Oath, but were informed that as there was
no reason to hope thpir proposed Compliance proceeded from
an hone.st Mind, and could be esteemed only the Effect of
Compulsion and Forc^e, and is contrary to a clause in an Act of
Parliament, I. Geo. 2. c 13. whereby Persons who have once
refused to Take the Oaths cannot be afterwards permitted to
Take them, but are (jonsidored as Popish Recusants ; There-
fore they would not Jiow be indulged with such Permission,
And they were therciupon ordered into Confinement.

At a Council holdqn at the Governor's House in Halifax on
Monday the 14th July 1755..

was also a captain of militia. One of the divisions of the town of Halifax
bears his name. Tliese oivisions were named after the captains of the five
companies of militia int(^ which the settlers were formed. Mr. Culller was
appointed a member of Council on 27th January, 1762. He died at Halifax in
11769. His wife accompanied him from England. It is uncertain whether
ithere are any of bia descendants now in Nora Scotia. — Council Books, if. S.
Documenit.

acadian french,

Present —

The Lieutenant Governor.

257

Benj. Green,
Jiio. Collier,
Willm. Cotterell,
Jon". Belcher.

Councs.

T'he Lieutenant Governor acquainted the Councd that he
was instructed by His Majesty to Consult the Commander m
Chief of the Fleet, upon auy Emergency that might Concern
the Security of the Province, and that he intended to send
the following Letter to Vice Admiral Boscawen and Rear Ad-
miral Mostyn. ,

"'Sir" !

" His Majesty's Council being appointed to meet
" at my House to Morrow at Eleven o'Clock in the
" forenoon, to Consider what Steps it may be proper
" to Take for the Security of the Province against
" any Attempt that may be made to Annoy us from
" Canada or Louisbourg in Case of a Rupture, or
"any violent Measures the French may take by
" way of resenting the Check that has lately been
" given to their encroachments."

" 1 am to acquaint You that it is both agreeable
" to the Instructions I have received from His Ma-
" jesty, and at the earnest Request of his Council
" for this Province, that I beg the honour of your
" Company and Assistance at our Consultation."

(Signed) CHAS. LAWRENCE."

« Halifax 14th July 1755."

'• Vice Admiral Boscawen"

A Letter erf the same Tenor and Date to Rear Admiral

The"' Council returned His Excellency Thanks, and were
Very desirooB that the Admirals might be Consulted.

CHAS. LAWRENCE.

Jho. Ddpobt^ Sec. Con.

258

irOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

At a Council hole en
Tuesday the 15th J]uly

at the Governor'a House in Halifax, on
1755.

Present —

The Lieutenant Governor.

Benj, Green,
Jno. Collier,
Willm. Cotterell,
Jon". Belcher,

- Counca.

The Honble. Vito Admiral Boscawen and Rear Admiral
Mostyn being also jresent in Consequence of the Lieutenant
Governor's Letter. , . ,

The Lieutenant Governor laid before the Admirals the late
Proceedings of tha Council in remrd to the French Inhabi-
tants, and desired ^hoir Opinion and Advice thereon.

Both the said A|dmirals approved of the said Proceedings,
and gave it us tiioii- Opinion, tliat it was irow the pronorost
Time to oblige the said Inhabitants to Take the Ottth of Alle-
giance to His Majesty, or to quit the Country.

The Lioutonunt Governor then communicated to the Coun-
cil, a Letter by hinji received from Capt. Rous, informing him
that the French at the River St. Johns had, upon his Appear-
ance with His Majesty's Ships under his Command before the
Fort there, Retre^te'd therefrom after having first rendered
the Cannon useless, and destroyed by Fire, all the Wood Work
thereof &c.; and djesired the Opinion of the Council in regard
to the most proper and necessary Measures to be immediately
taken, in order to prevent the French from availing themselves
any further of their late Possession thereof, and of Securing
the said Territory and the Indian Inhabitants thereof to llis
Majesty's Obedienjce. Upon which the Council were of Opin-
ion That less Incofivenience would be occasioned by suffering
the said Fort to remain in its present Condition during the
present Circumstinces of the Colony, than by undertaking
immediately to Rqpair and Garrison the same.

The Council tht»n took into Consideration the Number and
State of tiie Tropps in this Province, tlie Impossibility of
compleating the intended Augmentation at present, and tlie
Number of French Troops that had got into Louisbourg and
the River of Canada, in the Ships that had escaped Admiral
Boscawen's Fleet. And then the Question was proposed
whether it would Dot be absolutely necessary for the Good ot
His Majesty's Service, and the Security of this His Province,

ACADIAN FRENCH.

259

to retain in pay the Two Thousand New England Troops now
under the Command of Lieutenant Colonel Monckton on the
Isthmus of Chignecto.

It was unanimously the opinion of His Majesty's Council
and all present, that they should bo retained, at least untill the
augmentation was comploated, or further orders should be re-
ceived from England, and it was Resolved that the Transports
should bo immediately discharged, to avoid any unnecessary
Expence.

CHAS. LAWRENCE.
Jno. Dcport, Sec : Con :

Oovernor Latorence to Board of Tradt.

I Halifax, 18th July, 1755.

My Lords, — I

Since iny last, of 28th of Juno 1755, sent express bv Lieu-
tenant Cunningham, the French have abandonoa tlioir Fort at
St. John's River, and, as far as it was in their power, demol-
ished it. As soon as the Forts upon tlio Isthmus were taken,
Cantain Rous sailed from thence with three twenty Gun Siiii)8,
ana a Sloop, to look into St. John's River, whoro it was ro-

f)orted there were two French Ships of thirty-six Guns each ;
10 anchored off the mouth of the River, and sent in his Boats
to reconnoitre ; thoy found no sliips there, but, on their ap-
pearance, the French burst their Cannon, blow up tlieir Maga-
zine, burned everything they could, belonging to the Fort,
and marched off. The next morning, the Indians invited
Captain Rous on shore, gave him the strongest assurances of
their desire to make peace with us, and pleaded in their
behalf, that they had refused to assist the French upon this
occasion, tho' earnestly pressed by them. I expect some of
their Chiefs here in a very few days.

As the French Inhabitants of this Province have never yet,
at any time, taken the oath of allegiance to His Majesty, .un-
qualified, 1 thought it my duty to avail myself of the present
occasion, to propose it to them ; and, as the deputies of the
difierent districts in Mines Basiu, were attending in Town
upon a very insolent Memorial, they had delivered to the
Council, I was determined to begin with them. They were
accordingly summoned to appear before the Council, and,
after discussing the affair of the Memorial, article by article,
the oath was proposed to them ; they endeavoured, aa much

2g(j ijoVA SCOTIA DOCtTHWrmr

and consult tlie ^^8? oi u « ^ ^^^^ informed

?^:t'we"exfcred*Se?;'n,an l^nili. occa.iL to answer for
i^ Zf aXas we woiild not use any companion or snrprise,
hnnself, *°;;,** ^^5^;°^' fo„r hoora time to deliver m their ■
,,« gave t'^f'^/^'fyj^^^ expect ta

,»B«wer ; and if ^^J^"^^ - 7^'u,o' they shonld afterwards
,be driven out of the country, aw^^ino ^ m^j t„ t^^^

IhH tf ^S ;tt"Ltfng:XyTppeare\.u.d revised t.
Sketheoath without tl.e old reserve of not being obhged t^
take tno o*"' "' " , , acquainted, that as they

Kept prisouc' B earnestly desired to be

*'l iravf SeHJli^&eputies to be elected, and sent higher
i^StTly. and am f e^^^^^^^^ ^^b-n. ^^^^^^
rrShps w Brorproceedi in this, case at
Ke astoTaa !t is^ possibl/ to prepare the m.nutes of

Council. * * T t

I am, &c.,

CHAS. LAWRENCE.

The Lords Commtrs.

for Trade & Plantations.

At a Council golden at the Governor'a house in Hallfe* oo
friday July 25th 1766.

The Lieutenant Governor.

iBenj. Green,
.Jno. Collier.

Willm. Cotterell, ■ Councs.

Jno. Rous,
. Jon'n. Belcher. J
■The Honblo. Vice Admiral Boscawen and Rear Admiral

kCiXnkn TRKNCB.

261

Mostyn being also present. The Lieutenant Governor laid
Sore the council the following Memorial which he had
reSed from the French Inhabitants of Annapolis river.

(TnuiaUted from the French.)

"To his Excellency the Honble. Charles Lawrence
Lieutenant Governor and Commander in Chiel of
His Britannic Majesty's province ol Nova ftcot.a
and Colonel of one of his regiments of infantry
&c. &c. &c.

Sib, — J T 1

"Having received your ExeeUency's orders dated July

I2th nSwe assembled on Sunday, the 13th of tbe present

monih in orderto read them to all the inhabitants, wishing

fllwavs to observe a faithful obedience.

«^e have unanimously consented to dehver up our fire

arms to Mr Handfield, oar very worthy commander, although
wT have never had any desire to make use of them against
Ws mlfestv-r government. We have therefore nothing to
J^prSour elves with, either on that subject or on the sub-
iect of the fidelity that we owe to His Majesty's go^rnuient
For Sir we can assure vour Excellency, that several of us h.ive
risked o^Tlives to give information to the government conce n-
[n^r the enemv- and have also, when necessary, labirured with
SCrhearro'nX repairs of Fort Annapolis, and on other
tirk conTdered uecessaiy by the government, and are ready to
rntLue with the same fidelity Wo »^ave also selector U^^^
men to proceed to Halifax, whom we shall J?f°^"*:"jjt Z
or say nothing contrary to His Majesty's Council, but we
shall charge them strictly to contract no new oath We are
resolved to adhere to that which we have taken, *nd to vhi^^^^

we have been faithful as far as '^^'^^'^^^'"'"''^l^^Zj 'JZ
the enemies of His Majesty have urged "'^^ *" ^J,^.^ J"?
against the government, but we have taken care not to do so.
Signed by two hundred and seven of the said inhabitants..
The Lieutenant Governor also acquainted the Coiincil thai^.
in Consequence of the Order of Council "ft^^e 4th Inst the
aaid Inhabitants had sent down Depu los with ^^e'^ ^"^^•^y^''
regard to their taking the Oath of Allegiance to His Majesty,,
ana that they were now waiting without.

Tha said Deput es were then ordered to be caiiea "'.*""
behig asked Sat they had to say. They declared that they

.JX.

262

NOVA SCOTIA DOCtJMENTS.

appeared in behalf of themselves, and all the other Inhabitants
of Annapolis River, Th^t they could not take an^ other Oath
than what they had formerly taken, which was with a Reserve
that they should not be obliged to Take up Arms, and that if
it was the King's Intentions to force them to quit their Lands,
they hoped that they sl^ould be allowed a convenient Time for
their Departure.

The Council then asked them several Questions concerning
the Allegiance they so much boasted of in their Memorial,
and the Intelligence which they say they have given the
Government, of which they were desired to mention a single
Instance whereby any Advantage had accrued to the Govern-
ment, but this they were unable to do, on the contrary it was
made very evident to them that they have always omitted to
give timely Intelligence when they had it in their Power, and
might have saved the Lives of many of His Majesty's Subjects,
but that they had always secretly aided the Indians, and many
of them had even appeared openly in Arms against His Ma-
jesty. They were than told that thoy must now resolve
either to Take the Oath without any Reserve or else to quit
their Lauds, for that Affairs wore now at such a Crisis in
America that no delay iiiould be admitted, that the French had
obliged us to Take up Arms in our Defence against their Eq-
oroachments, and it wa4 unknown what Steps they might take
further, for which Reason if they fthe Inhabitants) would not
become Subjects to all Intents ana purposes, they could not
be suffered to remain in the Country. Upon which they said
they were determined One and All, rather to quit their Lands
than to Take any other Oath than what they had done before.
The Council then told them that they ought very seriously to
consider the Consequeqces of their Refusal, That if they once
refused the Oath, they Would never after be permitted to Take
it, but would infallibly loose their Possessions ; That tbe Coun-
cil were unwilling to hurry them into a Determination upon an
Afikir of so much Consequence to them, and therefore they
should be allowed till next Monday at Ten of the Clock in the
forenoon to reconsider the matter and form their Resolution ;
when their final Answer would be expected.

And the Council theni Adjourned to that Time.

■Jno. Dupobt,

Secy. Conk

CHAS. LAWRENCE.

ACADIAN FRENCH.

263

At a Council holden at the Governor's house in Halifax on
Monday the 28th July 1755.

Pbesent

The Lieutenant Governor.
Benj. Green, ~|

Jno. Collier, I

Willm. Cotterell, }- Councs.
Jno. Rous, t

Jon». Belcher, J

The Hon. Vice Admiral Boscawen and Rear Admiral Mostyn

^'SLieXnlnf Governor acquainted the Council that the
deputies from Pisiquid, Menis and the nver Canard were
arrived and had delivered the following memorials.
(TrwiUted firom tha French,)
" To the Honorable CHAHLRfl Lawub-NCK, President ofthe
King's Council, Commander m Cliiof of NoNft
Scotm, Lieutenant Governor of Annapolis Royal,
Lieutenant Colonel of a regiment of infantry.

, ^"'Tlie inhabitants of our distriots having been "f ™ct'^\y
Mr. Murray, Commanding Port Edward at P'^n"'^. ^Jj^* ^?'
So sa^d Inhabitants, are required to send certain persons to
apnea be 0 0 the Governor Vt Halifax to answer the domand
S upon us, by virtue of an oath, which we are assured, his
honorJeq ire of us.the inhabitants of our districts in general,
teke the 1 berty of representing, that after having taVon the
2h of fidelity to His 'Britannic Majesty with all tho ci|xum.
stances and reservation granted to us, mthe name of theK mg,
by Mr. Richard Philipps, Commander m Chief in the said
pLvince, which allegia'n'ce we have observed as fYX?reo d^
for a number of years, enjoying peaceably our ''£ accord
inir to the terms of our oath in all its tenor and leberye ana
dways having relied on our oath of fidelity, both as to its tenor

262

NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

appeared in behalf of tUemselves, and all the other Inhabitants
of Annapolis River, Thit they could not take an^ other Oath
than what they had forijierly taken, which was with a Reserve
that they should not bd obliged to Take up Arms, and that if
it was the King's Intentions to force them to quit their Lands,
they hoped that they should be allowed a convenient Time for
their Departure.

The Council then fiskied them several Questions concerning
the Allegiance they so much boasted of in their Memorial,
and the Intelligence which they say tliey have given the
Government, of which they were desired to mention a single
Instance whereby any Advantage had accrued to the Govern-
ment, but this they weiie unable to do, on the contrary it was
made very evident to them that they have always omitted to
give timely Intelligenca when they had it in their Power, and
might have saved the Ljves oi many of His Majesty's Subjects,
but that they had always secretly aided the Indians, and many
of them had even appet^red openly in Arms against His Ma-
jesty. They were thein told that they must now resolve
either to Take the Oath without any Reserve or else to quit
their Lands, for that Affairs were now at such a Crisis in
America that no delay ijould be admitted, that the French had
obliged us to Take up Arms in our Defence against their En-
croachments, and it waS unknown what Steps they might take
further, for which Reason if they (the Inhabitants) would not
become Subjects to all Intents and purposes, they could not
be suffered to remain in the Country. Upon which they said
they were determined One and All, rather to quit their Lands
than to Take any other Oath than what they had done before.
The Council then told t}iem that they ought very seriously to
consider the Consequenjces of their Refusal, That if they once
refused the Oath, they ^-ould never after be permitted to Take
it, but would infallibly Iposo their Possessions ; That the Coun-
cil were unwilling to hqrry them into a Determination upon an
Affair of so much Consequence to them, and therefore they
should be allowed till n^xt Monday at Ten of the Clock in the
forenoon to reconsider the matter and form their Resolution ;
when their final Answer would be expected.

And the Council then Adjourned to that Time.

•Jno. Duport,

Secy. Coni,

CHAS. LAWRENCE.

ACADIAN FRENCH.

263

At a Council holdon at the Governor's house in Halifax on
Monday the 28th July 1755.

Present

The Lieutenant Governor.
Benj. Green, ]

Jno. Collier, I

Willm. Cotterell, |- Councs.
Jno. Rous, I

Jon". Belcher, J

The Hon. Vice Admiral Boscawen and Rear Admiral Mostyn^

'thrSuEnf Governor acquainted the Council that the
deputies from Pisiquid, Menis and the river Canard were
arrived and had delivered the following memorials.
(Translated from the French.)

" To the Honorable Charles Lawrence, Prf.i'^/nt o(/^*®
King's Council, Commander in Chief ?f ^o\a
Scotia, Lieutenant Governor of Annapolis Royal,
Lieutenant Colonel of a regiment of infantry.

^"'The inhabitants of our districts, having been i\iformed by
Mr Murray, Commanding Port Edward at Pisiquid, that we
the s!i"lnhabitants, are required to send c-taiY---*"
appear before the Governor at Halifax <« answer the demand
made upon us, by virtue of an oath, which we are assured, h.»
honorrejuire of us,the inhabitants of our districts in general
take the liberty of representing, that after having taken the
S of filS/to His "Britannic' Majesty with -H ^lie -reum-
stances and reservation granted to us, m the name of the K mg
by Mr. Richard Philipps, Commander in Chief in ttie said
province, which allegiance we have observed as ^r as pos.ible
for a number of years, en oymg peaceably our ^'ghts ac<;o«t
ne to the terms of our oath in all its tenor and reserve and
dways having relied on our oath of fidelity, both as to its tenor

264

NOVA

SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

fidelity in good faith. \'^e are very well pleased and satisfied.
We hope, Sir, that you 4rill have the kindness to listen to our
just reasons ; and, in consequence, we all, with a unanimous
voice, beg his honor to set at liberty our people who have
been detained at Halif4x for some time, not even knowing
their situation, which f^ppears to us deplorable. We have
full confidence, Sir, that his honor will have the goodness to
grant us the tavor which we have the honor most humbly to

beg. And we will pray
" Pisiquid, July 22nd,

for his honor's prosperity."
1755."

Signed by one hundred and three of the said inhabi-
tants of Pisiquid.

From the inhabitants pf Mines, the river Canard and neigh-
boring places —

(Tranilated from the French.)

" To his Excellencr Charles Lawrence, Esqr., Governor
General and ^Commander in chief of the province of
Nova Scotia; or Acadie, and Colonel of a regiment
in His Majeijty's Service in the said province.

distonce, who had not left th4 Country on the surrender of the place, took
the Oath unconditionally. This was while Sir Charles Hobby was in com-
mand. No reference was made in the capitulation, to the rest of the 'nhabi-
tents of the province. They, iiowever, made terms that winter, with Col. Vetch,
then Lt. Governor of the Fort, who received their submission but required no
Oath from them. The right (o remain on their lands, thus reserved to those
inhabiunts in the neighborhood of Port Royal who had token the Oath, termi-
nated in Oct. 1712. As however, in the year 1711, while under the obligation
of their Oath, they united wifh the Indians in an attack on the Fort, they were
considered to have forfeited both their lives and property by that act of Treason.
Oots. Utters to Board of Tradf among N.S. Archives. Murdoch's Hist. A.S.. 844.
In the year 1713, the treaty of Utrecht was concluded between France and
Great Britain, by the Twelfth article of which all Acadia was ceded to the British
Crown; and the fourteenth article expressed: '-That the subjecUof the King
of France may have liberty to remove themselves within a year to any other
place with all their moveable effects. But those who are willing to remain and
to be subject to the Kingdom of Great Britoin, are to enjoy the free exercise ot
their religion according to the usages of the Church of Borne, as far as the laws
of Great Britoin do allow tha same." , „,, ..,,„ j- .j !.;„.<,„

Queen Anne's letter to Gensral Nicholson, of 23rd June 171S, directed him to
permit such of them" (the subjects of the King of France) " as have any lands
or tenements in the places unier your government in Acadia and Newfoundland,
that have been or are to be yjelded to us by virtue of the late treaty of peace,
and are willing to continue oor subjects, to retain and enjoy their said lands and
tenemenu without any molestation, as fully and freely as other our «ubfcts do
or may possess their lands or estates, or to sell the same if they shall rather
choose to remove elsewhere.' No mention is made, either in the Treaty or the
Queen's letter, of a qualified allegiance. It is therefore clearly obvious that
those who chose to remain, thereby became subjects of Great BrlttlI^ and

ACADIAN FRENCH.

26S

" Inasmuch as a report is in circulation among us, the French
inhabitants of this province, that His Excellency the Governor
demands of us an oath of obedience conformable, in some
manner, to that of natural subjects of His Majesty King
George the Second, and as, in consequence, we are morally
certain that several of our inhabitants are detained and put to
inconvenience at Halifax for that object ; if the above are hia
intentions with respect to us, we all take the liberty of repre-
senting to His Excellency, and to all the inhabitants, that we
and our fathers, having taken an oath of fidelity, which has
been approved of several times in the name of the King, and
under the privileges of which we have lived faithful and obe-
dient, and protected by his Majesty the King of Great Britain,
according to the letters and proclamation of his Excellency
Governor Shirley, dated 16th of "S«t!R>mber 1746, and 21st of
October 1747, we will never prove so fickle as to uvke an oath
which changes, ever so little, the conditions and the privileges
obtained for us by our sovereigns and our fathers in the past.
" And as we are well aware that the king, our master, loves
and protects only constant, faithful, and free subjects, and as
it is only by virtue of his kindness, and of the fidelity which

were bound to toke the Oath of allegiance to the Sovereign, when lawfully

"o'overiior Nicholson came to Annapolis in 1714, and then proposed to the
French inhabitants of the whole province, the terms agreed on for them,
which were, to keep their lands and have free exercise of the Roman Catholic
Ketigion, on their becoming subjects of the British Crown, or to dispose of their
property and withdraw from the counirx. if they chose, within one year. They
all chose the latter, and prepared to lea^Hlje couniry ; but the vessels promised
them from Cape Breton, lor the purpose of lh«ir removal, not being sent, th»y
were compelled to remain. They, however, continued to refuse the Oath, alle-
ging that they had been detained contrary to their desire, "hich, says Gov.
Sascarene, " was partly true, as Gov. Nicholson had declared they should not
depart in English vessels, and that the French from Cape Breton might come
and fetch them in their own, which they would not do ;" otherwise, it is probable,
most of them would have retired to Isle Royal and the Island ot St. John, bee

Mascarene's Letter at page \oi. .-, ,

On the arrival of Gov. Philipps in 1720, proclamations, callmg upon the people
to take the Oath of Allegiance, with a promise of the free exercise of their
religion and enjoyment of property, &c., were sent throughout th'' «oun ry ; and
In these proclamations, the oaths as taken after the capitula ion, '"the time of
Sir Charles Hobby and Gov. Vetoh were referred to, and no terms of neutrality
offered; but they continued obstinately to refuse all solicitations to take the
oath, as may be seen on reference to the letters of Governor PhUipps to he
planUtion office about this time. This is confirmed by the assertion o he
Sriest and his party who waited on the Governor in 1720 and stated that the
Seople in Governor Nicholson's Ume, had set their hands unaniniously to an
Obligation of continuing subjects of France, and retiring to Cape Breton.

Philipps returned to England in 1722, leaving Armstrong m command, who m
the year 1725, obtained from the people of the Annapolis nver, an oath of uncon-

NOVA a^OTLk DOCUMENTS.

^ we always W^^^ ^^^^^iX ^>:
granted to us, and that! qBtUljont^^^^^ g^^ ^^^

^ « SrHy for'SdetaiJed inhabitants, and their innoconce

most profound respect." . , ■ , u-* to

s'gned by two bundled and three of the said mbabitants
^ of Menis and the River Canard.
The said deputies wjre then called in, and peremptorily

Uptothisperiod.no oath whatever had been taKen^y^ Royal, which was one
excerpt thatW the people m 5.ene.g^borhood o fo^^^^^^^ i'^fT^

of unconditi-,nalaUegiance. In September u^, /V , bitants at the Fort of
administered the Oath of Al'-^f'^^^^'JuTthe" should not be called on to bear
Annapolis, and permitted a ««^f°"*^^y,he French deputies; but he received
arms, to be inserted in the margin, to satistynerr i ^^^ accession of

a severe reprimand from Engfand fo"° «°'°f; J^ to M nas, Grand Pre, and
King George II- En^'g" Wroth was de«pa ^hea ^^^^ j^^abitants of these
Chignecto to adminiser '^e Oath of AUegianc^ ^^ ^^ ^^
settlements, none «f «'>"'™„^f '.'V,^" 'i™ 'nt Having permitted the people to
any oath whatever to the Bri ish G°;'/™"^f,u„^frora bearing arms in defence
take the oath, qualified by a,<=.I^»'e "empting thein from B^.^ proceeding.,

of the country, he was, - V''',, renrimandtrfor the course he had pursued; and
broueht before the Council a"*^ '«P"'""''.rart 'cles and concessions" granted by
itwai then resolved in Counq.l that the ^jtic^es ^_^^^^ ^^_j a'^thorUy,

him " were unwarranUble "^i^^-Twe hive no copy of this oath.) But Mr.
and consequently nul and ^^'^.J^lXJoZd not obuin any better terms

I'm'^i:^toSan7tmS^^

{rL^nifo/raa!^^ lWr:uS;:^rXr.o repeatedly urged on

the part of the Acadians. innanolis in 1730, brought the people, at

Governor Philipps, on his rehirn ^ Annapolis in , jj„,„ene, it was
last, to take an unconditionj|l p»''' *"'"«'/ '"eunt age throughout the pro-
tendered to and taken by all the m»le» »f <=o™P«f " ^^ ^ath, made it to be
vince. He aUo says - '*« *°I<» j^,^' " (gee copy of this Oath at page 84,
called by the Acadians the Oath of *'°^'"y-,.'-v.i,<.v V
M sltocribed by the peopU of the Annapolis VaUey.)

AOADIAH FBENCH.

267

Inhabitants out of the Province if thoy refused to Take the
Oaths, nothing now remained to be considered but what mea-
sures should be twken to send them away, and where they
should be sent to.*

After mature Consideration, it was unanimously Agreed
That, to prevent as much as possible their Attempting to re-
turn and molest the Settlers that may be set down on their
Lands, it would be most proper to send them to be distributed
amongst the several Colonies on the Continent, and that a
suflScient Number of Vessels should be hired with all possible
Expedition for that purpose.

CHAS. LAWRENCE.

Jno. Dcpobt, Sec. Cone, i

Governor Laiorence to Col. MondUon.

Halifax, 31 July, 1755.

* * * The Deputies of the French inhabitants of the districts
of AnnapoliH, Mines and Piziquid, have been called before the
Council, and have refused to take the oath of allegiance to His
Majesty, and have also declared this to be the sentimeut.s of

On this occasion, the inhabitanU of the interior desired to have a clause
inserted, not to be obliged to take up arms against the French, which was not
introduced, though they declared that it was promised them, which promise is
said to have been made at Minas by the persons sent to administer the Oath,
though they did not venture to put it on paper. (See Gov. Mascarene's ie(ter,
p. 159.) In April 1730, Gov. Philipps announced to the Council the unqualified
submission of the inhabitants of the whole province, with the exception of seven-
teen families at Chignecto, and about nineteen families somewhere on the sea
coast. It is therefore apparent that no qualified oath of allegiance to the
British Crown had ever been given either by Nicholson, Vetch, Hobby, or
Philipps, or was any such oath authorized or recognized by the British Govern-
ment—and as Mr. Murdoch justly observes, no blundering or temporizing on
the part of subordinates, could vary the position of these people as subjects,
thougli they might, to some extent, palliate their errors, and partially account
for their discontent and disaffection.

The term " Neutral French" having been so frequently applied to the Acadians
in public documents— their constant denial cf an unqualified oath ever having
bean taken by them, and the reiterated assertions of their priests that they
understood the oaths taken from time to time, in a qualified sense, (by draw-
ing a distinction between an Oath of fidelity and one of allegiance,) led the
Governors at Halifax, in 1749, and at subsequent periods, erroneously to sup-
pose that no unconditional Oath of Allegiance had ever been taken by the
people of Acadia to the British Crown.— Ed.

• See Letters from Govr. Lawrence to Secty. Robinson, 1 Angt., 1754 ; Lords
of Trade to Govr. Lawrence, Oct. 29, 1754 ; Lawrence to Sir T. Robinson, 30
IToTT., 1766; also Lords of Trade to Govr. Lawrence, March 25, 176C.

268

NOrA SCOTIA DOCiniENTB.

the whole people, whereupon the Council advised and it is
accordingly determinjed that they shall be removed out of the
Country aa soon as pojssible, and as to those about the Isthraus
who were in arms and ijheref ore entitled to no favour from the gov-
ernment it is determined to begin with them first ; and for this
purpose orders are gjven for a sufficient number of Transports
to be sent up the Bay with all possible dispatcli for taking
them on board, by whom you will receive particular instruc-
tions as to the maun0r of their being disposed of, the places
of their destination, |,nd every other thing necessary for that
purpose.

In the mean time, It will be necessary to keep this measure
as secret as possible, as well to prevent their attempting to
escape, as to carry off their cattle &c. ; and the better to effect
this you will endeavour to fall upon some stratagem to get the
men, both young andi old (especially the heads of families) into
your power and detain them till the transports shall arrive, so
as that they may be jready to be shipped off; for when tiiis ib
done it is not much to be feared that the women and children
will attempt to go *way and carry off the cattle. But least
they should, it will i^ot o'nly be very proper to secure all their
Shallops, Boats, Cannes and every other vessel you can lay
your hand.s upon ; But also to send out parties to all sus-
pected roads and places from time to time, that they may be
thereby interceptedj. As their whole stock of Cattle and
Corn is forfeited to the Crown by their rebellion, and must be
secured & apply'd tpwards a reimbursement of the expense
the government will be at in transporting them out of the
Country, care must jse had that nobody make any bargain for
purchasing them under any colour or pretence whatever ; if
they do the sale wilj be void, for the inhabitants have now
(since the order in Council) no property in them, nor will they
be allowed to carry away the least thing but their ready
money and household furniture.

The officers commanding the Fort at Piziquid and the Gar-
rison of Annapolis Royal have nearly the same orders in rela-
tion t« the interior Inhabitants. But I am informed those will
fall upon ways and pieans in spite of all our Vigilance to send
off their Cattle to the Island of St. John & Louisbourg (which
is now in a starving condition) by the way of Tatmagouche.
I would therefore, have you without loss of time, send thither
a pretty strong detachment to beat up that quarter and to
prevent them. Yoi|i cannot want a guide for conducting the
party, as there is nqt a Frenchman at Chignecto but must per-
fectly know the road.

ACAMAH PBENCfl.

269

When Beau Soliel's son arrives, if he brings you no intelli'
eence which you can trust to, of what the French design \o
L or are doing upon the St. John River, I would have you
fall upon some method of procuring the best intelligence by
means of some inhabitant voU dare venture to put confidence
in whom you may send thither for that purpose.

As to the provisions that were found in the stores at Beau-
seiour The 832 Barrels of Flour must be applied to victual
the whole of the French inhabits, on their passage to their
place of destination, and if any remain, after a prooerpropor-
tion is put on board of each Transport, it will be sent to
Lunenburg for the settlers there.

It is agreed that the inhabitants shall have put on board
with them, one pound of Flour & half a pound of «read pr.
day for each person, and a pound oi beef pr. week to each the
Bread and Beef will be sent to you by the Iransports from
Halifax, the Flour you have already in store.

I would have you give orders to the Detachment you send
to Tatmagouche," to demolish all the Houses &c. they find there,
together with all the Shallops, Boats. Canoes or \ essels of any
kind which may be lying ready for carrying off the inhabi-
tants & their Cattle, & by this means the pernicious intercourse
and intelligence between St. Johns Island & Louisbourg and
the inhabiunts of the interior part of the Country, will in a
great measure be prevented.

Jndorsed-ScroW to Col. Monckton, 31 July. 1765, forwarded by Cap. Cox-
ton's party, August 2.

Extrada from a Letter of Gowr. Lawrence to Cot. Monckton.

Halifax, 8 Augt. 1755.

Last night a vessel arrived from New York, by which we
have it confirmed that General Braddock was attacked by the
French on the 9th of July, about 9 miles from Fort puquesne
that his army was defeated, and that the General died of the
wounds he received in the engagemeut, four days afterxx^rds.

As it is hard to say what may be the consequence of this
most unhappy affair, you cannot be too much upon your giiard
against any unforseen accident or surprise, and use your ut>
most endeavours to prevent, as much as possible, this bad news
machine the ears of the French inhabitants.

The Transports for taking off the Inhabitants will be with
you soon, as they are almost ready to sail from hence, and by

270

NOVA SCOTU DOCUMENTS.

them you ahall hear f|irther,aud have particular instructions
as to the manner of shipping them, and the places of their
destination.

I am hopeful that yiou will, in the mean time have accom-
plished the directions you had in my last with regard to the
inhabitants. As therg may be a deal of difficulty in securing
them, you will, to prevent this as much as possible, destroy all
the villages on the Noirth and North West side of the Isthmus
that ly at any distance from the Fort of Beausejour, and use
every -other method to distress, as much as can be, those who
may attempt to conceal themselves in the woods. But I
would have all care taken to save the stock, and the harvest
upon the ground, whioh can be gathered in with any safety to
the men ; and prevent as much as possible the French fugi-
tives <fe Indians from qarrying off or destroying the cattle.

When the French inhabitants are removed, you will give
orders that no person presume to take possession of any of
the lands, until a plan of the whole has been laid before me,
and terms of encouragement to English Settlers deliberately
formed and made publick.

I hope you paid due regard to the directions you had in my
last, for the seizing an4 securing all the French Vessels, and
destroying the Villages about Tatmagouche and the French
Vessels there. j

As we cannot use too much caution for preventing the
French from rising or joining together in any kind of body to
our annoyance, I would have you give particular orders for
entirely destroying and demolishing the Villages of Jediacke,
Eamsach Ac, and evem- thing they find about'these quarters,
from which any sort off support or assistance can be had by
an enemy.

^»*"'«"'— Screll to Col. Monckton,per Gapt. Gorham wlio marched 9 Augt.

ACADIAN FKBINCH.

Halifax, [ InMr actions for Lieut. Colonel Winslow*,
11th Augt, 1755. ) commanding his Majesty's Troops at Mines,
Or in his Absence for Captain Alexandeb
Murray, commanding his Majesty's Troops
at Piziquid, in relation to the transportation
of the Inhabitants of the Districts of Mines,
Piziquid, Biver of Canard, Cobequid, dc,
out of the Province of Nova Scotia.

gjjj .

' Having in my letter of the 31st of July last acquainted
Captain Murray with the reasons which induced his Majesty's
Council to come to the resolution of sending away the French
inhabitants, and clearing the whole country of such bad sub-
iects (which letter he will communicate to you together with
the Instructions I have since that seat him) : it only remains
for me to give you the necessary orders and instructions for
putting in practice what has been so solemnly determined.

That the inhabitants may not have it in their power to
return to this Province, nor to join in strengthening the
French of Canada or Louisboufg: it is resolved that they
shall be dispers'd among his Majesty's Colonies upon the Conti-
nent of America.

For this purpose Transports are sent up the Bay to ship ott
those at Chignecto and Colonel Moncton will order those he
cannot fill there into Mines Bason to carry off some part of the

• Colonel John Winslow was a native of New England, son of Isaac Winslow,
of Marshfleld in Massachusetts, and groat grandson of Edward W inslow one
of the first Plymouth settlers. He was a Captain of Provincials in the unfor-
tunate expedifion to Cuba in 1740. and afterwards an officer in the Br.Ush
Army and a Major General of Militia. He served as commander of Provincial
Soops in the expeditions to the Kennebeck and Crown Point and was selected
by Governor Shirley to command the troops raised in Massachusetts for service
in Nova Scotia in 1T55. This force consisted of two battalions under Lieut.
Colonels Scott and Winslow-Governor Shirley himself being Colonel in Chief.
Colonel Winslow served under General Monckton at the capture of the iorW at
aie Isthmus, and was afterwards employed in the removal of the Acadian
French from Grand Pre. These Massachusetts troops were af erwards sta-
Uoned at Fort Beausejour in Cumberland, and claimed to be sent home at the
e^iratton of one year's service, on an alleged understanding "f Winslow ;
Sieir request being denied, Uity fell into a state of insubordination, thereby
causing much trouble to Governor Lawrence. r'„.,„.,iiin, nf

Mr. Winslow died at Marshfleld in 1774, aged 71. He ''»'», ^ou-i^llor of
Massachusetts, and so great was his popularity, says Minot, that he raised for
iSe ExpedUion under Monckton 2000 men in the short space of two months He
left two sons Pelham and Isaac, both attaclied to the Royal Cause in the Ame-
rican HevoU Winslow's Letter Book and Journal, while engaged in the remo-
valof the Acadians, are in the possession of the Massachusetts H.stoncal
Society at Bo,Uiu.-Bclknap-s American ^Biography Mxnoij History Mass.
217, 18, Thatchsr-s Hist. Plymouth, p. 142. Haiihurton's But. N. S., to.. 1.

272

KOVA SCOTU DOCtlMEKM.

inhabitants of these distf-icts. You will have also from Boston
Vessels to transport one thousand persons, reckoning two per»
Bons to a toti.

Upon the arrival of tliieso Vessells from Boston or Chignecto,
in the Bason of Mines, is many of the inhabitants of the Dis-
tricts of Mines, Piziquid, Cobequid, and the River of Canard,
&ca., as can be collecte(P by any means, particularly the heads
of Families and young men, are to bo shipped on board of
them at the above rate pf two persons to a ton or as near it
as possible. The tonnjige to be ascertained by the Charter
Partys of the several transport Vessels which you will be
furnished with an account of from the masters.

And to give you all tjie ease possible respecting the victual-
ling of these transports I have appointed Mr. George Saul to
act as agent Victualler jupon this occasion and have given him
particular instructions for that effect which he has directions
to communicate to you find to furnish you with a copy of upon
his arrival from Chigqecto with the provisions ordered for
victualling the whole titansports.

Destination qf the VmeU appoirded to rendetvoiu in the
tJaaon of Mines,

To be sent to North Cairolina

Such a number as v^ill transport Five hundred persons, or
thereabout.
To be sent to Virginia '

Such a number as will transport one thousand persons, &
To Maryland

Such a number as v^rill transport Five hundred persons, or
in proportion, if the number to be shipped off should
exceed Two tjiousand persons.

If the Transports frdm Boston should arrive in Mines Bason
before Mr. Saul the Agent Victualler shall arrive from Chig-
necto they must remajin there till he does arrive with the
provisions. But in case you shall have embarked any of the
inhabitants before the Agent Victualler be on the spot you
will if necessary allow each person so embarked 5 pounds of
flour and one pound of pork for 7 days which allowance Mr.
Saul has orders to replace.

When the people are embarked yon will please to give the

. Master of each Vessel one of the letters (of which you will

receive a number signed by me) which you will address to

the Governor of the Province or Commander in Chief for the

iUADUS TTIENCH.

273

time being "where they are to be put on shore, and enclose
therein the printed form of the certificate to be granted to the
Masters of the Vessels, to entitle them to their hire as agreed
upon by Charter party, and with these you will give each of
the niasters their sailing orders in writing to proceed accord-
ing to the above destination and upon their arrival imme-
diately to wait upon the Governors or Commanders in Chief
of the provinces to which they are bound with the said letters
and to make all possible dispatch in debarking their passen-
gers and obtaining certificates thereof agreeable to the form
aforesaid. And you will in these orders, make it a particular
injunction to the said masters to be as careful and watchful as
possible during the whole course of the passage, to prevent
the passengers from making any attempt to seize upon the
Vessel, by allowing only a small number to be upon the decks
at a time and using all other necessary precautions to prevent
the bad conijequences of such attempts ; and that they be
particularly careful that the inhabitants have carry'd no arms
or other offensive weapons on board with them at their em-
barkation as also that they see the provisions regularly issued
to the people agreeable to the allowance proportioned in Mr.
George Saul's Instructions.

As Captain Murray is well acquainted with the people andl
with the country I would have you to consult with him upon
all occasions and particularly with relation to the means neces-
sary for collecting the people together so as to get them on
board, and if you find that fair means will not do with them,
you must proceed by the most vigorous measures possible not
only in compelling them to embark but in depriving those who
shall escape of all means of shelter or support by burning,
their houses, and bj' destroying every thing that may afford
them the means of subsistence in the Country.

You will receive herewith a Copy of the Charter party,
which the Masters of the transport Vessels, taken up here,
have entered into with the Governmt. for your information
as to the terms ; those from Boston will be nearly the same ;
and as you see they are hired by the month, you will use all;
possible dispatch to save expence to the publick.

If it is not very inconvenient I would have you send tha
Sloop Dove to Annapolis to take on board part of the inhabi--
tants there destined for Connecticut to which place that vessel
belongs.

When you have executed the business of shipping off all
that can be collected of the inhabitants in the districts about

2.J4 sovA scdTU DoctraesTS,

Mines B^n yo^^^^^tl^r^^^^^

fn^f ciolTAuUo^n. Without los. of tj.e.
7»A»-»«i-CB»onel Willow'. lp.troctioB., AugMt 11, 175o.

Halifax ] /««<rL/ior^ /«>^ ^«> 'L'*'' -^^TZia*

%'leShahiiants of the IHsiricU o/Arraapo^
Is BirMr and the other French Mitanta
out (^ ihe Prffvince of N<yva Scotia.

ACADIAD FBEKCH.

275

^'"'Having in my lette^ of the31j[ of July last, ^dejou
acquainted with the 'L^ri^^.-^J^f e£ a^^^

af ^S^rpra^F^f hKen so solemnly deter-

"^Thlt the inhabitants W -t^-^^jti; ^JlSi^u^^rFrl
-turn to this Province, n^. ViTreso Wed ttSh y shall be di.
;lStong'l^:t:]2y-sVoirr^upou the Continent of

nr^is purpose, tr^sports - jf^f./ra^fptlS

Boston to Annapohs to J^'P o- bo^ff^^^^Jgnec^^^ Transports
reckoning two persons to * ton , and^o^^ 6 ^^^.^^^^^ ^f ^^^^

?eram"nt at Halifa,, and e^"W»">^'^«'"??5^ ^tU probable that he died
America as Lt. Col. of the 40th Begt. in 1<W. » " l-Ligt after that year.
tCt ns" a. hi, name doe, ""'c^i^^UftelS in N^/a Scotia.-.V. 8. Ooun-
■ There are several descen^ntt of Cri. Hananeio

transports are ordered from Boston. As Annapolis is the
place where the last of the Transports will depart from, any of
the Vessels that mav not receive their full complement up the
Bay, will be ordered there ; and Colonel Winslow with his de-
tachment will follow by land and bring up what stragglers he
may meet with to ship on board at j'our place.

Upon the arrival of the Vessels from Boston in the Bason
of Annapolis, as many of the inhabit^ints of Annapolis Dis-
trict as can be collected by any means, particularly the heads
of Families and Young men, are to be shipped on board of
them at the above rate of two persons to a ton, or as
near it as possible. The tonnage of tlie Vessel to be ascei^
tained by the Charter Parties, which the masters will furnish
you with an account of.

Anfl to give )'ou all the case possible respecting the Vic-
tualling of these transports, I have appointed Mr. George
Saul to act as Agent Victualler upon this occasion, and have
given him particular instructions for that purpose, with a
copy of which he will furnish you upon his arrival at Anna-
polis Royal from Chignecto, with the Provisions for victualling
the whole transports. But in case you should have shipped
any of the inhabitants before his arrival, you will order five
pounds of flour and one pound of pork to bo delivered to
each person so shipped, to last for seven days, and so on till
Mr. Saul's arrival, and it will be replaced by him into the
stores from what he has on board the provision vessels for
that purpose.

The. Dedinalion q/" the Inhabitants of An-
napolis River, and of the transports
ordered to Annapolis Baaon.

To be sent to Philadelphia, Such a number of vessels as
will transport three hundred persons.

To be sent l<j New York, Such a number of Vessels as will
transport two hundred persons.

To be sent to Connecticut, Such a number of Vessels
(whereof the Sloop Dove Samuel Forbes master to be one)
Bs will transport three hundred persons, <fe

To be sent to Boston, Such a number of Vessels as will
transport two hundred persons, or rather more in proportion
to the Province of Connecticut, should the number to be ship-
|)ed off exceed one thousand persons.

When the people are embarked you will please to give the
toaster of each vessel one of the Letters (of which you will

276

KOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENre.

receive a number signed by me) which you will address ta
the Governour of the I'rovince, or the Commander in Chief for
the time being, where ^hey are to bo put on sliore, and endorse
therein the printed fofm of the Cortificato to be granted to
the masters of tlie veijsels, to entitle them tc their hire as
agreed upon by Charter Party : And %vith these yon will give'
each of the masters thpir sailing orders in writing to proceed
according to the abovej destination, and upon tlieir arrival im-
mediately to wait up|)n the Governors or Commanders in
Chief of the Provinces to which they are bound, with the said
letter*, and to make all possible dispatch m debarking their
passengers and obtainijjg Certificates thereof agreeable to the
form aforesaid : and yoju will in these orders, make it a parti-
cular injunction to th^ said masters to be as careful and
watchful as possible dujring the whole course of the Passage,
to prevent the passongfcrs making any attempt to seize upon
the Vessels, by allowin)^ only a small number to he upon the
decks at a time, and naing all other necessaiy precautions to
prevent the bad consequences of such attempts ; and that
they be particularly careful that the Inhabitants carry no arms
nor other offensive westpons on board with them at their Em-
barkation, as also that (jhey see the provisions regularly issued
to the people agreeal^le to tlio allowance proportioned in
Mr. George Saul's Instructions.

You will use all the means proper and necessary for collect-
ing the people together so as to get them on board : If you
find that fair means will not do with them, you must proceed
by the most vigorous n^easures possible, mjt only in compel-
ling them to embark, but in depriving those who shall escape
of all means of shelteij or support, by burning their houses
and destroying every thing that may afford them the means of
subsistencre in the Connjtry ; and if you have not force sufficient
to perform this service. Colonel Winslow at Mines or the com-
manding officer tliere ^ill upon your application send you a
proper reinfbrcemeet.

You will see by the Charter Partys of the Vessels taken up
at Boston, that they arti hired by tlie month, wherefore I am
to desire that you will use all possible dispatch to save ex-
pence to the publick.

As soon as the peopl^ are shipped and the transports are
ready, you will acquaint the Commander of His Majesty's ship
therewith, that he may take them under his Convoy and pufi
to sea without loss of time.
Indor$td^StToU. H^or Haadfieliyg InrtructioBS, llth Aagust, 176S.

ACADIAN FRENCH.

277

Circular Letter from Governor Lmorence to the Governors on
the Oontinent.

SlE,—

Halifax, 11 Augt. 1755.

The success that has attended his Majesty's arms in driv-
ing the French from the Encroachments they had made in this
province, furnished me with a favorable opportunitv of reduc-
ing the French inhabitants of this Colony to a proper obedi-
ence to his Majesty's Government, or forcing them to quit the
country. Those Inhabitants were permitted to remain in
■quiet possession of their lands upon condition they should
take the Oath of allegiance to the King within one year after
the Tr«aty of Utrecht by which this province was' ceded to
Great Britain ; with this condition they have ever refused to
comply, without having at the same time from the Governor
an assurance in writing that they should not be called upon
to bear arms in the defence of the province ; and with this
General Philippa did comply, of which step his Majesty disap-
proved and tho inhabitants pretending therefrom to "l>e in a
state of Neutrality between his Majesty and his enemies have
continually furnialied the French <fe Indians with Intelligence,
quarters, provisions and assistance in annoying the Government;
and while one part have abetted the French Encroachments
by their treachery, tho other have countenanced them by open
Rebellion, and three hundred of them were actually found in
arms in the French Fort at Beausejonr when it surrendered.

Notwithstanding all their former bad behaviour, as his
Majesty was pleased to allow me to extend still further his
Royal grace to such as would return to their Duty, I ofTorod
euch of them as had not been openly in arms against us, a
continuance of the Possession of their lands, if they would
take the Oath of Allegiance, unqualified with any Reservation
whatsover ; but this they have most audaciously as well as
unanimously refused, and if they would presume to do this
when there is a large fleet of Ships of War in the harbor, and
a considerable land force in the province, what might not we
expect from them when the approaching winter deprives us of
the former, and when the Troops which are only hired from
New England occasionally and for a small time, have returned
Lome.

As by this behaviour the inhabitants have forfeited all title
to their lands and any further favor from the Government, I
called together his Majesty's Council, at which the Honble.

^' I 't^Twief

278

NOVA BCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

Vice Adml. Boscawen and Rear Adml. Mostyn assisted, to con-
sider by what means Iwo could with the greatest security and
effect rid ourselves of a set of people who would forever have
been an obstruction to the intention of settling this Colony
and that it was now ft-om their refusal of the Oath absolutely
incumbent upon us td remove.

As their numbers amount to near 7000 persons the driving
them ofif with leave to go whither they pleased would have
doubtless strengthened Canada with so considerable a number
of inhabitants ; and ap they have no cleared land to give them
at present, such as are able to bear arms must have been im-
mediately employed in annoying this and the neighbouring
Colonies. To prevent such an inconvenience it was judged a
necessary and the only practicable measure to divide them
among the Colonies \ihere they may be of some use, as most
of them are healthy gtrong people ; and as they cannot easily
collect themselves together again it will be out of their power
to do any mischief arid they may become profitable and it is
possible, in time, faithful subjects.

As this step was i indispensably necessary to the security of
this Colony upon whose preservation from French encroach-
ments the prosperity of North America is esteemed in a great
measure dependant, I have not the least reason to doubt of
your Excellency's co^icurrence and that you will receive the
inhabitants I now sei^d and dispose of them in such manner a»
may best answer ourj design in preventing their reunion.*

Endorsed — Scroll to Goveraors on the Continent, 11 Aug., 1155.

Sir Thomas

Rdbirmm to Govemw Lawrence.

Whitehall, Augt. 13th 1755.

Sib,—

Wliatever oonstihiction may be put, by the French, upon
the Word Pardonnejm the Fourth Article of the Capitulation,

* The Frendi Acadians w)io were sent to Pennsylvania, petitioned the Governor
and Council of that Province, in Sept. 1756, to be treated as prisoners of War,
and to be permitted to join their own nation, and from the tenor of their petition
it would appear they did not wish to become settlers in that Province. The
Governor and Council, however, on reference to Governor Lawrence's letters,
declined to treat them as prisoners of War and subjects of the French King,
but as subjects of the Kin|f of Great Britain, and recommended the House of
Assembly to " provide for them in sudi a manner as they should see fit." —
Colonial Records, Penn., vpl. 7. p. 241. They appear to have received better
treatment at the hands of l|he Government of Philadelphia thaa was accorded
to them in some of the othler Provinces.

ACADIAN FRENCH.

279

granted to the commander and Garrison of Bausejour. It is
observed by your Letter of the 28th June that you had given
Orders to Colonel Monckton, To drive the deserted French
Inhabitanta at all Events, out of the Country. It does not
clearly appear, Whether you mean, To drive away, all the
French Inhabitants of the Peninsula, which amount to many
Thousands, or, such of them, as, you say, in your State of the
English and French Forts, transmitted here in Govr. Shirley's
Letter of the 8th of December last, were settled to the number
of 8000* Families in five or six Village^ in the neighborhood of
Beausejour, or lastly Whether you mean, only such of the
Inhabitants, as were found in Beausejour, when evacuated by
the Garrison; The latter seems, rather, to have been your
Intention, as you add. That if Mr. Monckton wants the assistance
of the French deserted Inhabitants, in putting the Troops under
cover as the Barracks in the French Fort, were demolished, he
might first make them do all the Service in their Power. Let
your Intention have been what it will, it is not doubted, but
that you will have acted upon a strict Principle of immediate
and indispensible Security to your Government, and not with-
out having considered the pernicious Consequences that may
arise from any Alarm, which may have been given to the whole
body of the French Neutrals and how suddenly an Insurrection
may follow from Despair ; Or what an additional Number of
usefuU subjects may be given, by their Flight, to the French
King: It cannot therefore, "be too much recommended to you,
to use the greatest Caution and Prudence in your conduct to-
wards these Neutrals, and to assure such of them, as may be
trusted, especially upon their taking the Oaths to His Majesty,
and His Government, That they may remain in the quiet Pos-
session of Their Settlements, under proper Regulations : What
has led to a more particular Notice of this Part of your Letter,
is the following Proposal, that was made, no longer ago, than m
the Month of May last, by tlie French Ambassador, vizt. " That
all the French Inhabitants of the Peninsula, should have Three
Years allowed them to remove from Thence with their EflFects,
and should be favoured with all Means of facilitatmg this
Removal, which the English would, it was said, undoubtedly
look upon, as very advantageous to themselves." Whereupoa
His Majesty was pleased to order an Answer to be given, antJ
which I now send you for your particular Information, m the
following Words vizt.

* Sic 800.

«liii* T

280

N0V4 SCOTU DOCDMENTB.

" In Regard to the Tlireo Years Transmigration proposed
for the French Inhabitants of the Peninsula, it would be
depriving Great Britain of a very considerable Number of
useful Subjects, if such Transmigration should extend to the
French, who were Inhabitants there at the time of the Treaty
of Utretcht, and to theij- descendants."

I am

Sir
Yojur most obedient

humble Servant

T. ROBINSON.

/(uiorMci— Becd. per the "•Sheffield," King, inMter, 27 March, 1765.

(Order Book.)

Sailing Orders and Inftructiona to Sand. Barron Master of
the Transport Sloop Providence.

Halifax, 3 Oct. 1755.
Sir, —

You are to receive on Board your Sloop from George's
Island a number of French Inhabitants a list whereof you will
receive from the Comn^anding Officer there and you are to
proceed therewith to thfs province of North Carolina and upon
your arrival you are to deliver the Letter you have herewith
as addressed and use yojir utmost diligence to got the people
put on shore and will cjbtaiii a certificate of their being so
landed.

You will take care to see the allowance of provisions pro-
perly served during the voyage agreeable to the following
proportion viz 1 lb. Bee^f 2 lb. of Bread and five pounds of
Flour each person per ^t^eek, and you are to be accountable
for what shall remain of the provisions after the people are
landed and for what arm^ you have received from His Majesty's
Stores for your defence.

C. LAWRENCE.
To Samuel Barron,

Master of the t^loop ' 'rovidence.

ACADIAN FBENCB.

281

Governor Latorence to Board of Trade.

j Halifax, 18th Oct. 1755.
My Lords, —

Since the last letter I had the honor to write your Lord-
ships of the 18th of July, the French deputys of the different
districts have appeared before the Council to give a final
answer to the proposal made them, of taking the Oath of Alle-
giance to his Majesty which they persisted in positively
refusing ; and tho' every means was used to point out to them
their true interest, and sufficient time given them to deliberate
maturely upon the step they were about to take, nothing
would induce them to acquiesce in any measures that were
consistent with his Majesty's honor or the security of his
Province. Upon this behaviour the Council came to a reso-
lution to oblige them to quit the Colony, and immediately took
into consideration what might bo the speediest, cheapest and
easiest method of giving this necessary resolution its intended
eflfect. We easily foresaw that driving them out by force ot
Arms to Canada or Louisbourg, would be attended with great
difficulty, and if it had succeeded would have reinforced those
settlements with a very considerable body of men, who were
over universally the most inveterate enemies to our religion
and Government, and now highly enraged at the loss of their
possessions.

The onlj' safe means that appeared to us of preventing their
return or their collecting themselves again into a large body,
was distributing them among the Colonies from Georgia to
New England. Accordingly the Vessels were hired at the
cheapest rates : the embarkation is now in great forwardness,
and I am in hopes some of them are already sailed, and that
there will not be one remaining by the end of the next month.
Herewith I transmit your Lordships a Copy of the Records of
Council which contain a very particular account of this whole
transaction.

I have taken all the care in my power to lessen the expense
of the Transportation of the inhabitants, the vessels that have
been taken up for that purpose, were most of them bound to
the places whore tho inhabitants were destined, and by that
means are hired greatly cheaper than the ordinary price. They
have hitherto been victualled with their own pi'ovisions and
will bo supplied for the passage with the provisions that were
taken m tho French Ports at Chignecto as far as they will go.

282

NO\A flCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

In order to save as aaany of the French cattle as possible, I
have given some of tliem among such of the Settlers as have
the means of feeding them in the winter. As soon as the French
are gone I shall use njiy best endeavours to encourage People
to come from the continent to settle their lands, and if I succeed
in this point we shall soon be in a condition of supplying
ourselves with provisions, and I hope in time to be able to
strike off the great expense of the Victualling the Troops.
This was one of the Imppy effects I proposed to myself from
driving the French off the Isthmus and the additional circum-
stance of the Inhabitants evacuating the Country will I flatter
myself greatly hastei^ this event as it furnishes us with a large
quantity of good land ready for immediate cultivation, renders
it difficult for the Indians who cannot as formerly be supplied
with provisions and intelligence, to make incursions upon our
settlers, and I believe the French will not now be so sanguine
in their hopes of possessing a province that thoy have hitherto
looked upon as ready peopled for them the moment they would
get the better of the English. I think it my duty to acquaint
your Lordships that it will be highly necessary for the security
of the province to fortify the Isthmus of Chignecto as early
in the Spring as posgjble. The French Forts at Beausejour
and upon the Bay Veirte are put into the best repair that the
time would permit, biit they are neither strong enough nor
will they contain a ^ufiScient number of men to resist any
considerable force, ft is also of the highest importance that
there should be a Foj-t of some strength at St. John's River to
prevent the French resettling there, as well as to awe the
Indians of that district. I am very sensible the making these
Fortifications will cfeate a very considerable expense and
therefore cannot be undertaken without orders, but if your
Lordships should thirjk it necessary to be done you may depend
upon its being set atjout with the greatest economy. * *

As the Three French Priests, Messrs. Chauvreulx,Daudin&
Le Maire were of no further use in this Province after the
removal of the Fre|ich Inhabitants, Admiral Boscawen has
been so good as to t»ke them on board hia fleet & is to give
them a passage to England. I omitted in the paragraph about
the French Inhabitants to mention to your Lordships my hav-
ing wrote a circular letter to the Governors of the provinces
to which they were destined, & directed one to be given to
the master of each transport. In this Letter I have set forth
the reasons which obliged us to take the measures we have
done, and I enclose a copy of it for your Lordship's perusal.

ACADIAN FRENCH.

283

I am in hopes the provinces will make no difficulties about
receiving them as they may in a short time become useful &
beneficial subjects.

I liave the Honour,
, &c. &c.

I CHAS. LAWRENCE.

To the Right Hon. the Lords Commrs.
of Trade <fe Plantations.

Indoned-ScTon to Board of Trade, 18 Aug.
Dap : made.

1755, per Admiral Boscawen.

Govt. Lawrence to Sir Thomas Bobimon, Secretary of State.

Halifax,
! I 30th November, 1755.

' # * * » In regard to the word Pardonne, in the
fourth article of the capitulation of Beausejour, mentioned in
your Letter of the 13th of August, I apprehend nothing was
further understood by it, either on one part or the other, but
that the French Inhabitants found in Arms in the Fort, shou d
not be put to Death, for though Lt. Colonel Monckton was told
before he set out, that the Deserted French Inhabitants were
to be driven out of the Country, in order to prevent his giving
them any pretence or hopes, either by Capitulation or other-
wise of being reestablished in their possessions, yet it was
never intended to precipitate measures so far as to drive them
into Dosjiair, or to cause their flight to Canada ; But m this
place it will be proper to explain what part of the Inhabitants
are included under the denomination of the Deserted French

Inhabitants. , ^ -n •

When the French Troops first took post at Beausejour
(where they soon after built their Fort) their principal view
was to secure to themselves the north side of the Bay ot
Fundy, to fix the Isthmus of Chignecto for our Boundary, and
to cover the retreat of such French Inhabitants, as had an
inclination to retire from the English Government and join
them. There were indeed originally, some French Inhabi-
tants who lived on that aide the Bay, but as the Land is not
esteemed very Fertile, and but small quantities of it cleared
(in comparison with the other French settlements in the Pro-
vince,) they were but few in number. When the English
Troops in the year 1750 went to take possession of that part
of Chignecto, the French admitted it to be ours. The Inhabi-

284

NOVA SCOTIA DOCrMENTS.

tants of that part who Yere numerous, and possessed a fine
fertile Country, burned ^U their Houses and went over with
their Families, upon the Jjand tiiat the French claimed, and in
conjunction with the original Inhabitants of that side took an
oath of allegiance to th^ French King, and bore arms under
the direction of his officprs. These people who were joined
by several Families, deperted from their Settlement in the
Interior parts of the Province, amounting by the best obser-
vation and intelligence, to fourteen hundred Men capable of
bearing Arms, were by us commonly called the Deserted
French Inhabitants, becsiuse they were universally as well as
the other Inhabitants, thie descendants of those French left in
Nova Scotia at the tim* of the treaty of Utrecht ; and had
taken the oath of allegiance to His Majesty in the time of
General Phillipps's Government, with the reserve of not bear-
ing Arms. Notwithstanding which, these people quitted their
possessions and went voluntarily to live on that side the Bay
under French Government, where they had no other means of
subsistance but an allowance of salt provisions from the King
out of the French Stoites. It was with these Inhabitants
alone that Lieutenant Cplonel Monckton had anything to do,
for we could not easily at that time^orm any conjecture what
turn the Inhabitants who were nearer to us would take upon
the surrender of Beausejour, when it was thought they could
entertain no further hopgs of assistixnco from the French ; But
when we found the Frenph Inhabitants who had not deserted
their lands entertained the same disloyal sentiments with those
who had, and positively rejected the Oath of Allegiance, we
thought it high time to resolve (as well for His Majesty's Honor
as the immediate preservation of the Province) that the whole
French Inhabitants, as well those who had not deserted as those
who had, should be embarked on board Tansports to be sent
out of the Province and dispersed among the neighbouring Colo-
nies. By much the greater part of them are sailed, and I flatter
myself by this time the whole. I will not trouble you with
any further account of tjiis Measure, having already had the
honor to lay it very fully before you in my letter of the 18th
of October, and the miijiutes of Council therein enclosed, a
Duplicate of which I tra^ismit by this opportunity.

. I have already acquainted you. Sir, in my letter of the 10th
of November, that I hadi received the Ten Thousand pounds,
of which you inform me in your Letter of the 13th of August.
I am highly sensible of the great Honor the Lords Justices
have been pleased to do I me, in reposing so much confidence

AOABIAK PREKCB.

285

in me ; I shall endeavour to deserve it, by using every means
of Economy, and applying it solely to those uses they have
been pleased to direct. We had before made a considerable
progress in the Fosse and covered way of the Fort of Beause-
jour, and when it is finished, I shall proceed no further till I
have the Honor to receive His Majesty's Orders.

The securing and embarking such a prodigious number of
French Inhabitants, and the circumstances of the Province in
general, has prevented my being able to send any party to
St. Johns River this year: it has been visited by His Majestie's
Ships to see that the French do not reostablisti themselves,
and I propose, in the Spring, if nothing unexpected should
prevent it, to repair the Fort there and Garrison it with as
many Troops as can be spared. The Indians of that District
were in Compliance with their promise, set out for Halifax and
some as far on their way as Chignecto, but returned again,
having as is supposed met witli some French Emmissaries who
persuaded them to take that step.

I am, &c.,
I CHAS. LAWRENCE.

The Right Honble. I )

Sir Thomas Robinson, Ac, Ac. j

Copies of Accounts transmitted by Apthorp & Hancock, of
Boston, to Governor Lawrence.

1755. Messrs. Apthorp & Hancock to Saml. Harris, Dr.

To Hire of Sloop Seaflower Sam. Harris Master
Charter'd by Capt. Alexander Murray for
bring'g oflF the French Inhabitants from
Minas to the Province of the Massachusetts,
81 Tuns, from 29 Sept. to I Deer, is 2
months 82 days ; at je43 4 pr. Month.

Further allowance for Charter party for a pilott
at 608 pr. month.

£89 5 6
6 4 0

95 9 6

Messrs. Apthorp <fe Hancock to John Stone, Dr.

To Hire of Sloop Endeavour, my self Master,
from hence to Minas & Virginia, to carry off

284

NOVA SCOTIA DOCrUENTS.

tants of that part who wejre numerous, and possessed a fine
fertile Country, burned all their Houses and went over with
their Families, upon the Lfind that the French claimed, and m
conjunction with tlie original Inhabitants of that side took an
oath of allegiance to the French King, and bore arms under
the direction of his officeBs. These people who were joined
by several Families, desarted from their Settlement in the
Interior parts of the Province, amounting by the best obser-
vation and intelligence, t^ fourteen hundred Men capable of
bearing Arms, were by us commonly called the Deserted
French Inhabitants, because they were universally as well as
the other Inhabitants, the descendants of those French left in
Nova Scotia at the time of the treaty of Utrecht ; and had
taken the oath of allegialnce to His Majesty in the time of
General Phillipps's Government, with the reserve of not bear-
ing Arms. Notwithstanding which, these people quitted their
possessions and went voli^ntarily to live on that side the Bay
under French GovernmeEJt, where they had no other means of
subsistance but an allowance of salt provisions from the King
out of the French Storeis. It was with tliese Inhabitants
alone that Lieutenant Colonel Monckton had anything to do,
for we could not easily at that time form any conjecture what
turn the Inhabitants who were nearer to us would take upon
the surrender of BeausejOur, when it was thought they could
entertain no further hopei of assist^xnco from tiie French ; But
when we found the French Inhabitants who had not deserted
their lands entertained thk same disloyal sentiments with those
who had, and positively | rejected the Oath of Allegiance, we
thought it high time to resolve (as well for His Majesty's Honor
as the immediate preservation of the Province) that the whole
French Inhabitants, as wejll those who had not deserted as those
who iiad, should be embarked on board Tansports to be sent
out of the Province and diispersed among the neighbouring Colo-
nies. By much the greater part of them are sailed, and I Hatter
myself by this time the xf'hole. I will not trouble you with
any further account of tl|is Measure, having already had the
honor to lay it very fully before you in my letter of the 18th
of October, and the minutes of Council therein enclosed, a
Duplicate of which I transmit by this opportunity.

I have already acquairited you, Sir, in my letter of the 10th
of November, that I had received the Ten Thousand pounds,
of which you inform mo in your Letter of the 13th of August.
I am highly sensible of the great Honor the Lords Justices
have been pleased to do me, m reposing so much confidence

ACADIAN PRENCfl.

in me • I shall endeavour to deserve it, by using every means
of Economy, and applying it solely to those uses they have
been pleased to direct^ We had before made a considerable
progress in the Fosse and covered way of the Fort of Beause^
Four and when it is finished, I shall proceed no further till I
have the Honor to receive His Majesty's Orders.

The securing and embarking such a Pi-o^'/'f ^'"^nnl ?„
French Inhabitants, and the circumstances of the Province n
general, has prevented my being able to send f "J P'*.'-ty t"
St Johns River this year: it has been visited by His Majest.e s
Ships to see that the' French do not reestablish themselves
and I propose, in the Spring, if nothing unexpected should
prevent it, to repair the Fort there and Garrison it with as
many Troops as can be spared. The Indians of that District
were in Compliance with their promise, set out for Halifax and
Tome as far on their way as Chignecto, but returned again,
having as is supposed met with some French Emmissanes who
persuaded them to take that step.

I am, &c.,
j CHAS. LAWRENCE.

The Right Honble. ' ^ I

Sir Thomas Robinson, Ac, &c. \

Copies 0/ Accounts transmitted by Jpthorp & Hancodk, of
Boston, to Governor Lawrence.
1755. Messrs. Apthorp & Hancock to Saml. Harris, Dr.
To Hire of Sloop Seaflower Sam. Harris Master
Charter'd by Capt. Alexander Murray for
bring'g off the French Inhabitants from
Minas to the Province of the Massachusetts,
81 Tuns, from 29 Sept. to 1 Deer, is 2
months 82 days ; at £43 4 pr. Month.
Further allowance for Charter party for a pUott
at 608 pr. month.

£89 5 6
6 4 0

95 9 6

Messrs. Apthorp A Hancock to John Stone, Dr.

To Hire of Sloop Endeavour, my self Master,
from hence to Minas & Virginia, to carry off

286

NOVA SCOTIA DOCtJMEOTfl.

French Inhabitenta, fmm 2l8t Augt. to 11
Decemr. is 3 Months ?l days at J£44 5 4 pr.
month, ^163 15 8

To a pilot 603. pr. month pir. agreemt. 112 0

**Mh . ail. ^ —

£174 17 8

Messrs. Charles Apthofp & Thomas Hancock, Dr.

For provisions supplyed the French Inhabitants

on the above voyage, vifet.
1 Barrel Pork,
4 14 Bread at 21s. 4d,

9 11 Flour,
1 Cord Wood,

168. 8d,

£3 9 4

4 11 4

7 14 2

1 6 8

17 1 6

1755. Messrs. Apthorp & Hancock to Jas. Purrenton, Dr.

To Hire of Sloop Sarah & Molly, myself Master,
from 29th August to I2th Deer., to carry
off French Inhabitants from Annapolis Roy
all to Virginia,

To a pilot at 608. pr. moni h,

£129
10

6
0

£139 16 6

Messrs. Apthorp <fe Hancock, Dr.
To Provisions supplyed tl^e French Inhabitants,
To 8 1 22 Flour, at 16s. 8d.

6 3 8... 21si4d.

306 lbs. beef, at 329. p. Barrell,

£7 0
7 5
2 0

£16 6 5

1755. Messrs. Apthorp & Hancock to Andrew Duning, Dr.

To Hire of Sloop Maryi myself Master, from
hence to Minsts & Virginia, to carry off
French Inhabitants from 20th August to the
12th Deer. 1755 is 3 months & 23 days at
£48 5 4d. per mo. ^181 16 1

To Pilott at 608. per month 11 6 0

> £103 2 1

ACADIAN PBESCa.

28T

Messrs. Apthorp & Hancock,
l-or provisions supplyM on tho abovo voyage

vizt.
To 11 2 12 Flour, 168. 8d. i
To 4 2 6 Bread, 21s. 4d.
To 260 lbs. pork, 608. 4d. p. Barrell,

£9 13 6
4 19 0
4 1 10

£18 14 4

Messrs. Apthorp A Hancock to William Ford, Dr
Hire of Schooner Neptune, myself mastr,
from hence to Virginia; to carry off ™ch
Inhabitants, from 20th August to Hth Dec
is 3 Months 28 days at £48 pr. Month.
To a Pilott 60s pr. Month.

£188
11

16
16

£200 12 0

Messrs. Apthorp & Hancock to Wm. Ford, Dr.
To passage of 27 Neutralls more than the Compli- ^754

mentatSs. 4|d. ,, . « j

To provisions supply'd for 207 Neutralls m 9 days,

after their allowance was out
Bread, 4 3 0, 2l8. 4d. ^
Beef, 2861bs. 34s. 8d. pr. Barrel,
Flour, 11 3 4, 16s. 8d.
Wood, 2 Cord, ^

1 barr. Pork, "_I_^ 21 13 8

£28 19 0

£5
1
9
1
3

4
5

11
8
4

Messrs. Apthorp A Hancock to Thoa. Curtis, D
To Hire of Sloop "Three Friends," Jas. Carlile

mastr from hence io Annapolis Royall as

Philadela. to Carry off French Inhabitants.

from 20th August to 23rd Decemr, is 4

Months 3 days at £36 16s.
To a Pilott at 608. pr. Month.

£150 17
12 6

7
0

Deduct from Provisions, Lesa

£163 13 7
18 6

£161 15 i

NOVA

ACADIAN FRENCH.

t«9

SCOTIA DOCtritfiNTS.

Messrs. Apthorp & Hancock to Thomas Curtis, Dr.

To Passage of 18 Neutr^Us more than the Com-
pliment at 58. 4dJ. £4: 17 IJ

1755. Messrs. Apthoijp <fe Hancock to Rich'd Adams, Dr.

To Hire of Sloop Hannah, myself master, from
hence to Annapolis Boyali & Phila., to carry
off French Inhabitants, from 20th August to
23rd December is 4 months and 3 days at
£37 6s. 8d. pr. montjli. jE153 1 4

To a pilott at GOs. pr. mointh. 12 6 0

Messrs. Apthorp

165 7 4

& Hancock to Richard Adams, Dr.

To provisions supply'd l|lO Neutralls in 15 days ;

after their allowance was out —
Flour, 13 1 16 at 16s. 8d.
Bread, 5 1 12 21s. 4d.
Beef, 300 lbs., 34s. 8d. pt. barr.
Wood, i Cord,
Pd. for Gratings at AnnaJpolis,

1755. Messrs. Apthorlp & Hancock to Jona. Loviett, Dr.

To Hire of Sloop Swan, myself master, from the
27th Augt. to 23 Depr. 1755 is 3 months 26
days, at £44 16 p. month, to Carry off
French Inhabitants from Annapolis Koyail
to Philadelphia, ' £173 4

To Pilott at 608. p. montli, 11 12

£11 3

5 14

2 3

0 5

0 14

20 0

184 16 7

Messrs. Apthorp & Hancock, Dr.

For provisions supply'd Ijhe French Inhabitants,
vizt.

To 11 0 22 lbs. Flour, l(6s. 8d. £9 6 7

4 1 6 Broad, ^Is. 4d. 4 11 10

257 lbs. Beef, 378. 4|1. p. bb. 2 0 0

15 18 5

1755. Messrs. Apthorp & Hancock to George Goodwan,Dr.

to hire of Sbop Industry, myselt master from
the 20th of August to 26th Deer. 1755, is
4 months & 6 days, at £45 17 4 p. mo. to
Carry off French Inhabitants from Minas *« „ „

Virginia, ^^Y „

To a pilott at 608, pr. month, ______

I 205 4 9

Messrs. Apthorp & Hancock, Dr.
Tor provisions supply'd the French Inliabitants,

vizt
To 23 2 8 Flour, at 168. 8d,

377 lbs. Beef, 373. 4d, p. Barrell,

£19 12 10
2 18 7

22 11 5

The Government x)f Nova Scotia, to John Campbell, Dr.

1755
Nov 15th. To the freight of fifty French people
brought from Halifax to N. Carolina, m the
Sloop Providence, Samuel Barron Mr., per
Certif. at 12s. 6d. -£31 5 0

North Carolina, Jany. 13th, 1756. Jno. Campbell.

1756. Mess. Apthorp & Hancock to Daniel Bragdon, Dr.
To Hire of Sloop Prosperous, myself Master,
from 20th August, 1755, to 21 Jany. 1756, is
5 Months 1 day, at £40 pr. month, lawful

money,
To a pilott at 60s. pr. month,

Provisions supply'd tte Neutralls, after Mr.

Saul's provisions were expended :

Bread, 44 0 0, at 2l8. 4d. ^^ S n

Beef, 3 Barrels, 36s. 5 8 0

£201 6 8
15 2 0

216 S 8

50 4 0
£266 12 8

290 NOTl ilCOTIA DOCDMrans.

Messrs. Apthorp & Hancock to Francis Peirey, Dr.

To hire of Sloop Ranger, myself Master, from
20th August 1755 to the 30th January 1756
Lcludin|lOdaysfc|rhisret^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^

and 10 days, at X48j 10 8 p. montn. 16 0 0

Pilott 60s. pr. month.

To Cash pd. for Provisions at Maryland, to supply
208 French persons, after the provisions
reed, from Mr. Saul were expended vizt.

Flour 59 3 2 at 14^. ^« 16 i

Bread 20 0 22 at ISsj

Beef 12 1 9 at 208

Pork 6 1 19 at 203. 1

Wood 3 Cord at 14s.

pd. Horse hire & Expenpes to go to
the Governor when sent for

274 16 10

£41

16
3
6
8
2

8
8
3
4
0

Deduct 20 p. cent

To the passages of 81

4 0 0

JE84 16 11
16 19 3

persons more than the

67 17 8
18 4 6

£360 19 0

"complement, of 2 to ton at 4s. 6d.
Francis Feibet.

1756. Messrs. Aptkorp & Hancock to Thos. Church Dr.

To Hire of the Schooner Leynord myself Master
from 20th August 1755 to 10th Fehy
1756, is 5 mon*8 21 days at £46 8s. ^ ^

LawfuU money pr. month. 17 2 0

rorrpilottasp.Chai|terparty,608.p.month. 17

To provisions supplied the Neutrals beyond what

was received of Mr. Saul, vizt.
240 lbs Beef at IJ
2 0 0 Bread at 18f.

281 11 7

0 Ditto at 138
0 Flour at 12a

4d.

£1 10
1 16

1 «

2 2

0
0
8
0

6 14 8

ji88 6 3

ACADIAN FBENCH.

291

1756. Messrs. Apthorp & Hancock to Zebad Forman, Dr.
To Hire of Sloop Dolphin, myself Master from

25th August to 20th February 1756 is 5

months 26 days at £46 8 pr. month.
For a pilott as pr. Charter party at 60s. pr. mo.
To carrying 56 Neutrals more than his Copmt.

of two to a ton, at 9s. per two Hallifax

Curry., £12 12 is Lawfull money pr. Capt.

-Murray's Directions. : .

£272
17

4
12

15 2 5

304 18 8

To Cash pd. for Provisions at Maryland to supply
230 French Neutrals, after the provision
Becd. of Mr. Saul was expended

58 2 28 Flour at 14s.
14 2 15 Bread at ISs.
11 2 26 Beef & Pork at 20s.
1 Cord Wood
pd. for Water at Hampton
for a Protest

Two journeys from Lower Marlbo.
to Annapolis by Govr's Order

£41

0
2
8
0
6
0

4 0 0

. I £71 6 4
in Dollars at 7s. 6d. makes Lwf. money a 6s.

57 1 1
£361 19 9

1756. Messrs. Apthorp & Hancock to Jas. Griffin, Dr.

To Hire of Ship Hopson, Edward Whitewood
Master, from Halifax to Annapohs and South
Carolina with French Inhabitants, from Oct.
10th 1755, to 13th April 1756, (including 20
davs allowed for the Ships return) is b
Months & 4 days, at £76 19s. Sterling p. ^^^^ ^^ ^

Deducrfor the Wages of Alexanr. Walter and
Darby Connor, two of Govr. Lawrence s
Bargemen, £5 each for the Bun from HaUi- jq q p,

fa. to Annaps.

£461 19 2

B?S?SW^!!1PW«B?»^"

292

fW-'T-?-.

HOYA PCOTIA DOCnMEBPre.

New Yoek, 22d May, 175«,
& Hancock to Benj. Stoddard, Dr.

Messrs. Apthorp
Tn Hire of the Brigge. Experiment, myself Mas

': Ton p. month, from lOth Octor. n5&, to 27th
Mav 1756, is 7 Months 16 days,
DeduSrsup>esrecd..tSt.Chrisr.l2 0 7

for platforms &c. sold here at ven-

due, as p. accot. Saljes, *■ ° °

je461 0 0

13 9 0

1474 9 0

Boston, Sept. 7th, 175S.
Messrs. Apthprp & Hancock to Ephm. Cooke, Dr.
Edward," myself jaaasr,

months & I burthdn 139 Tons at 9s. Sterlg.
p Ton p. Month is £62 U p. Month,
Deduct for Platforms, Wa^r Casks &c.

542
12

X530 0 »

Errors Excepted. ^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ c,„t.

1756. Messrs. AptJorp & Hancock to Nath. Milberry, Dr
To Hire of the Sloop Elizabeth, to Tramport the
French InhabiUte from Nova Seotm to
Maryland, from ^he 20th August 1765 to
foth Mar^h 1756 including 10 days allow-
ed for their Return, is 7 Months at X49 12 ^^^^ ^

P- ^°- ^, ii 21 0

Hire of a pilott 60s. p. Month,

0
0

368 4 0

To Cash pd. for provisions at Maryland
to supply 242 persons, alter the

provisions reed, from Mr. baul
Avere Expended, Vizt.

ACADIAM FBENCH.

Flour, 180 0 9 at 158. £135 8 6
Bread, 69 1 8 IBs. 62 8 0
Pork, 18 Barrs. & 84 lbs,

at 438. 8d.
To Cash paid neces

sary for the Sick,

293

40 1 4
11 19 0

249 16 10
49 19 4

Deduct 20 p. Cent,

To the passage of 52 persons more than the
Complemt. of 2 to a ton, at 5s. 4d.

Allowed for Caboose platfra. & Hhds.

199 17 6

13 17 4

581 18 10
7 6 8

£574 12 2

At a Council holden at the Governor's House in Halifax
on Monday the 26th Jany. 17a6.

Present
The Lieutenant Governor.

Jno. Collier Jno. Rous ] rmmca

WiUm. Cotterell MonUgue Willmott V Councs.
Robt. Monckton Chas. Morns.* )
» * * * The Lieutenant Governor Pl-««^°f ^^^^^^/J^;,
Council a Letter which he had --'Y^ f ™S^ f^oto of
Phip's dated the 18th of ?e5'^^^^,^J^Ses of the^Massachu-

Ldc a survey of the whole "//"^'S^^^^of Trade aTdPlanUtion,, accom-
tion. Thi8 survey was.ent to the IJoari °J^" j^^^ ^^ that date; a copy
panied by a concise account of the ''"Jj^ °' ™f , P;, A Halifax. Capt. Morn*
S? which is preserved among the P."''' % ^"='>^;y/ent by Shirley to Mina.
commanded one of the "X mdepender^t comP»me, sen^ J^ ^^ distinguished.,
and Grand Pre, under Noble, in the »'«" ot i ' * ^ ^ ^„ engaged by

himself before the enemy. H« *" "' ^»S„'",uh Mr. Bruce, the MiUta^
Comwallis to lay out the fwn,"i conjunction w ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^

^Xir.t.^'^ro^^^\^^^^T>^^''^ Mso acted for se.eraL

^-^ h

294

NOVA SCOTIA Docnmans.

that the Council would give their opinion what Answer should
be sent to Lieut. GoverD|or Phips thereupon.

" Boston, Deer. 18, 1755.

" Sib,—

" Agreeable to the desire of the Council and House ot
Representatives of this Province signi6ed to me by their Vote,
of the 16th December inst., (Copy of which I herewith en-
close) I now acquaint Your Excellency in behalf of this Go-
vernment that we have received a Number of the Inhabitants
of Nova Scotia sent hitl^er by your Order who arrived here
when the Winter Seasoi^ was so far advanced, that they could
do but little for their Support ; That this Government received
them in Expectation of being indemnified from all Charges
that might arise upon tl^eir Account. And I would therefore
desire of Your Excellency that you would give Orders for de-
fraying all such Charges as may be incur'd by the receiving
of those Inhabitants alrpady arrived ; And as we are informed
that more of these french Inhabitants which may be sent
hither I make no doubt but that You will give Orders respect-
ing the Charges that miy arise by this Governments receiving
and disposing of them also. I shall wait your Answer on this
Subiect and in the meatn time I am with great Esteem

■' ] " Sir

f Your Excellency's most
I " Obedt. Humble Servt.
" Signed, S. PHIPS.

" His Excy. Chas. Lawtence, Esqr."

" PaOVINCE OP THE MASSACHUSETTS BaT,

In Council, Deer. 26th, 1755.

"Voted, that His Honour the Lieutenant Governor be de-
sired to write to His Excellency Governor Lawrence to ac-

year, a« a Judge of the Sup.eme Court in the time of Chief Justice Belcher.
HU death occurred in 1781. Gov. Shirley, in con.ideraUon of h.» .ervices,
aave one of hi» 8on« a commission in the 46th Begt. „ ..

* Charles Morris, son of Captain Morr.s, succeeded hi. father J" *e o«Bce o^
Surreyor General. He was also an AssisUnt Judge "^ "'« S"P/„7^,?°",'^
though not a lawyer by profession. On his decease, his son, *e.^on. Charles
Morrts, became Surveyor General, and was »PPO.nted a member of H. M.
•Council in 1808. He was succeeded by h s son, John Spry ^°""'.\2y^^^
was the fourth, in succession, of the family who h^l-J /he office of Survoyor

General of Nova ScoUa. There are many "J^'"*"/" VlSl Boo^ oSS^
residing in Halifax.- Corr. Letlert X. S. DocumtnU. Council Books. Uovr.
■Shirky't Letieri to Oovernon of Nova Scotia, 1748, *c.

ACADIAS PBBNCH.

295

Quaint him that this Government have admitted a number of
the TnhabTtants of Nova Scotia (sent hither by \^\OvAer) who
arrived when the Season was so far advanced that they could
do but IMe for their own Support That th^ G^^mment
here received them in Expectation of being indemnilied trom
aU Charges that might arise on their Account and therefore
desTreTs Excellen^cy will give Orders for defray -g all such
nhartres- And further to Acquaint him that it auy more
SLuld be sent hither he would\t the same time give the like
Orders respecting them.

" Sent down for Concurrence.

THOS. CLARKE,
I " Depty. Secry.

" Signed,

" In the House of Representatives, Deer. 17th, 1755.
" Read and Concurred.

T. HUBBARD,

" Spkr."

Resolved, that this matter be taken ^f ? Con«jdei-ation next
Meetine of the Council, and recommend it *« the Lieutenant
Sovernor to write to Lieut. Governor Phips by the first Op-
portun^?; that the Council have it under Co»Bideratu.n -d
that he shall be acquainted as soon as P.o««ible with the Re^o
lution which the Council shall come to in regard to the same.

Oovernor Shirley to Le^islaiure of Massachusetts.

[COPY.] I

Gentlemen op the Cocncil and House op Repbesentatives,-
I am always ready to do every thing in my power to
relieve t"ei^ov?nce frJm every difficulty it -J ^e -der^

The two points, which are the subject of y°"J/^^^'^
presented to me the 7th Inst I have /""^ ^"f 1^ ^to Tegi-
respect to the first vizt. the circumstences of the two regi
mills sent last year from this province to Nova Scotia, 1
donb? not of being able to effect every thing you can reason-
aWv desire I wiU take care that transports be sent forthwith
fn TTabfax sufficient to bring home such men belonging to
lfetgimTnTs"af m^y be | that part of the ^-vmce. -^
«.lao to take on board a sufficient number of his Majesty s
fZvt and to carry them up the Bay of Funda as soon as the

296

NOVA SCOTIA DOCtTMEHTB.

Navigation in that Bay will permit, for the relief and trans-
portation to Boston of the other part of the two Regiments,
which is posted there : If there be any Soldiers that went out
in either of those regiments, and have since inlisted into the
regiments upon the Establishment who have parents. Children,
or near Relations in New England, I will give orders that
they be releas'd and at liberty to return with the rest if they
desire it. If any transient persons, who have bo peculiar
connection with these governments have inlisted, 1 think,
considering of what irap(irtance it is that a considerable Force
should be kept in Nova gcotia, you will to dis-

charge them : In sho^t, you may depend on it that the
engagements made to th^ Soldiers in order to encourage them
to enlist shall be fully comply'd with.

With respect to the ffrench inhabitants sent hither from
Nova Scotia, which is tjie other part of the subject of your
address, you seem to thibk yourselves that it was a necessary
measure : I believe Governor Lawrence had no apprehen-
sions that it would occasion any considerable charge to this
■province, or that it would be a disagreeable thing to have
those people sent here : I am sorry tliat it is likely to prove
so burthensome : I have it not in my power to support them
at the charge of the Crojtvn : You have a great deal of encou-
ragement to depend on |t that his Majesty will not suffer any
unreasonable Burthen tp lye upon any of his colonies : I will
make full Representation of the state of this affair and in such
a manner as I hope yiu will receive a favourable answer ;
and I shall be ready to join with you in proper measures to
enable and induce the^e persons to provide for their own
support and that of their Families.

^ W. SHIRLEY.

Pkotince House Febjf 13th, 1756.

Sir,

Qovernor Lawrence to Governor Shirley.

Haufax, 18th February, 1756.

Tho I wrote so fully upon many important Points in my
last of the 24 January to your Excellency, the bad success of
our Officers in their Rpcruiting upon the Continent, obliges
me to trouble you again upon the Subject of tho Troops : We
have as many Officers |ipon that Service as can possibly be

ACADIAN FRENCH.

29T

spared, yet It will appear by the Returns how little progress
has been made. The New England Troops of the Battalion
that is here press much to be discharged, indeed so earnestly,
that I am inclined to think they are put upon it by some ot
their principal Officers, and should their dismission take place
before the Augmentation of the Regiments is completed, it
will not only be impossible for me to preserve the Acqiusi-
tions that were made last year on the North side ot the Bay
of Fundi but for want of a sufficient body of men upon our
Frontiers, the whole Province will be continually subject to
insults, incursions & Encroachments. I am credibly informed
that a Body of French & Indians intend to attempt the Garn-
6on of Annapolis Royal in the Spring. There are about five
hundred of the Inhabitants still lurking about m the Woods.
Mr. Boisehbert, the French Officer that commanded at St.
John's Fort, is at Gedaique with a Party of French Inhabi-
tants & Indians. Lt. Colonel Scott had lately Intelligence ot
him by a Deserter, and immediately went to the place where
he had been with a Strong Detachment ; but finding that ho
had shifted his Quarters he returned to his Fort and upon his
march was attacked in his Rear ; he lost two Men of the Regu-
lars, and by what Colonel Scott's Detachment could observe
they had the greatest reason to believe the Enemy lost six or
seven Indians. I lately sent a Party of Rangers in a Schooner
to St. John's River, As the Men were Cloathed like french Sol-
diers and the Schooner under French Colours, I had hopes by
such a deceit, not only to discover what was doing there but
to bring off some of the St. John's Indians. The Officer found
there an English Ship, one of our Transports that sailed from
Annapolis Royal with French Inhabitants a Board bound tor
the Continent, but the Inhabitants had risen upon the Master
& Crew and carried the Ship into that Harbour, our people
would have brought her ofi" but by an accident they disco-
vered themselves too soon, upon which the French set hre to
the Ship. They have brought back with them one trench
Man, wlio says, there have been no Indians there for some
time ; That some of them are with Boisehbert at Gedaique &
the rest at Pasimaquadie, he informs also that there is a frencfi
officer & about 20 Men twenty-three Miles up the River at a

Place called St. Ann's. ■ ^ j -lu *i,„

As your Excellency is so thoroughly acquainted with the
Situation of this Province, it would be needless for me to
point out farther how highly necessary it is that the two New
England Battalions should stay among us untill the Augmen-

298

NOTA SCOTIA D0CDMBNT8.

tation is compleated ; and J flatter Myself your Excelly will
be able to bring your Government to consent to their longer

stay. , * * * * *

I am, &c.,

CHAS. LAWRENCE.

His Excellency

Major General Shirley,

Boston

Extract from Letter Loriia of Trade to Oovr. Latorence,

dated

Whitehall, March 25th, 1756.

We look upon a War between us and France to be in-
evitable, and from the be^t Judgment We are able to form
of the Views and Designs of the Enemy, We are inclined
to believe a great part of their Force will be exerted to dis-
tress and annoy us in North America.

We have laid that part o^ your Letter which relates to the
Removal of the French Inhabitants, and the Steps you took in
tlie Execution of this Measure, before His Majesty's Secretary
of State ; and as you repriisent it to have been indispensably
necessary for the Security and Protection of the Province in
the present critical situation of our affairs. We doubt not
but that your Conduct heifein will meet with His Majesty's
Approbation.

Extract of a Document entitled. " Remarks relative to the State
of the Forces in Nova Scotia," dated 30th March, 1756.

Notwithstanding the vigilance of the Officers commanding
at the different outposts, & the great care with which they
executed their orders for embarking the French Inhabitants
on board the Transports for carrying them out of the pro-
vince , Several of them miide their escape into the Woods and
have found means of subfjistence during the Winter. Those
without the Isthmus have joined themselves wth. the French
Officer's party who retreated from the Fort at the mouth of
the River St. John's last summer. He has also with him, tho
Mick Mack and St. John ^ndians, and they make by the best
information 1,500 men in number, and are very active in
annoying any partys sept out from Fort Cumberland or
Gasperau. As they can receive snpplya from Canada or

ACADIAH FRENCH.

29»

T ■ t- ot n small Harbour called Jediach, they will

Louisbourg at a smaU uaroo . ^ ^j^^^ i^^ve taken

\°t*''?n trWoodsTn d fi^ n parts within the peninsula,

garrison for want of the 5»f«?"^"°p^ °f ' | ^hicl^ by the
Se other ro,;\rn.nis ior^gi^V-^^^
returns will appear to be stiH in veiy greai u»

Oovernpr Lawrence to Governor Shirley.
(Letter Book. )

Halifax, 9th April, 1766.

thought by the Government ot *'« [^f^^^^j^^ent under the
ion of Your Excel encys New ^-|-'^^J;e^, ,^^, design at
Command of a Major ^J^'''"? f, ^ '" J gogton, in con-
Cape Sable, by calling there '^^he. Return to ^^

seq'uence whereof ,,\--SXivr doubtless communicate to
Orders which he will at his A.r"vai oo of the Massa-

your Excellency. \fl^";T>,^f^enLnt to receive such of
chusetts Bay will not find ^vnconvemem

these Inhabitants as the Major may be ame y ^

with him, but in case unforseen d'fficu leB s. ^^ ^^^

must beg of your l^^,'=«ll«"„«>*°A'''thinnhev will willingly
other Colonies where I am inclned to th^^^ j^^^l

Siv^S lX; & ao?-or SoTbruVn that Subject.

I am &c.,
I CHAS. LAWRENCE.

To His Excelly. Genl. Shirley.

300

HOVA BdOTIA DOCUMENTS.

Orders & Imtntdions to Major PrMle.

[COPY.]

By His Excelly. ChIrles Lawrence Esq. Ac. &c. &c.

To Major Prebble commanjing the Battalion of Major General
Shirley's New England Regiment now embarked in this
Harbour in order for t^eir Return to Boston.

Whereas the Government of this Province have sometime
ago come to a determination of Removing the French Inhabit-
ants from this Province op Account of their having refused
to take the oath of Allegiance to his Majesty, and given
instances of treasonable <fe treacherous behaviour on their
Parts ; and Whereas Ordeirs were accordingly issued for the
removal of the said Inhabitants, notwithstanding which I
have been informed that some of them do still remain in
different parts of the province, particularly at Cape Sable and
the places round about. You are therefore hereby recjuired
& directed to put into Cajpe Sable, or some of the adjacent
Harbours (in your way to Boston) and with the Troops under
your command, to land at the most convenient place ; and to
Seize as many of the sajd inhabitants as possible, & carry
them with you to Boston, iwhere you will deliver them to his
Ex. Govr. Shirley, with a^ letter you will receive with this
order. You are at all evjents to burn & destroy the Houses
of the said Inhabitants, &! carry their utencils <fe cattle of all
kinds, and make a distribtition of them to the Troops under
your Command as a Rewalrd for the performance of this Ser-
vice, & to destroy such things as cannot conveniently be
carried off. Given undei| my hand & seal at Halifax this 9

April 1756.
^ CHAS. LAWRENCE.

By his Excelly s Command,
Wm. Cottebell.

Extract from Letter Lords of Trade to Governor Lawrence.

Whitehall, July ye 8th 1756.

Notwithstanding what you say in your Letter of the
Acadians being received \n the several Provinces to which
they were sent. We must inform you that several hundred of
them have since been sent over here from Virginia, and seve-
ral from South Carolina, and that His Majesty has givea

ACADIAN FRENCH.

301

Orders to the Lords of the Admiralty, to direct the Commis-
sioners for Sick and hurt Seamen to secure and maintain

*''Zthe recall of the two thousand New England troops puts
an end to any view which might have been entertained of
converting them into Settlers upon the lands left vacant by
the transportation of the French inhabitants. We shall rema m
extremel? anxious till We hear What occurs to you with
Spect to the settlement of those Lands, which aPPear to Us
to be an object of the utmost importance and on the right
Determination of which the future strength and Prosperity of
the Colony greatly depend. ^

Lieut. Governor Spencer Phips to Governor Lawrence.

Boston, 23 July, 1756.

^'^"7 have iust received information that seven boats, with
about nfnety of the French Inhabitants of Nova Scotia, having
co2 ted along shore from Georgi^r South Carolmawh, her
they had bein sent from your Government, had P^* " to a
harbour in the southern part of this province. I have here-
upon ordered their persons and boats to be secured and three
or four of them sent to Boston in order to be examined.

Your Excellency is sensible that a very great number have
already been received and supported here, a number much
beyond our proportion in case they were to have been d.stri-
buted amonlthe Colonies by a rule of that kind and a number
gSe?Zn your F^cellency originally designed to send here
lotwithstanding this, I am fully of opinion that t w^uld b^
unsafe to suffer them to proceed any further ; the Uenerai
Assemb y 's to sit here on the Uth of August, and as his
Ma^Sv's Council apprehend they will be very averse to
Se thrs additional number into the Gove'™*' J'^^^
have therefore desired me to write to your ^ ^^^^ ^^'J
ask your further care of this people, that bo they may not
^Sma^n a burthen upon this Province, I am With great respect

Sir,
Your Excellency's

most obt. humble servt.,
To His Excellency I 8. PHIPS.

Charles Lawrence, Esq. j
/ndomd^Bec'dinper » A»«f»"-

302

Sm,—

HOTl 8(!0TIA DOCDinarTS.

Oovernor Phipt

to Oovemor Lawretux.

Boston, 6 Angst. 1756.

I wrote your Excellency 23. of July of which the fore-
-oine is a Copy. I had this day the Honour to receive Your
jixcellency's tetter of the 1st of July which I communicated
to His Majesty's Council^ and as it appeared thereby that
what this Government h^d done to prevent the french Inha-
bitants of Nova Scotia who had Coasted it hither from the
Southern Colonies from proceeding any further, was exactly
agreeable to Your Excellpncy's own Sentiments ; the Council
could not but think that lyou would be pleased to ta,ke some
further Care about them, a Charge has already arisen and
wherever they remain a oonsiderable Charge will necessarily
arise By Advice of tha Council I sent to speak with your
Agents Messrs. Apthorpa and Hancock who tell me they can
do nothing without Your Excellency's Orders, which hope
you'U be so good to furnish them with as soon as conveniently
may be. What appeared pretty extraordinary was, that these
People had been turnished with a Passport from the Gover-
nors of Georgia, South Carolina and New York, which not
being now at hand I cannot at present send a Copy ot it. i
am with much respect &(| &c. PHIPS

His Excy Chas. Lawrence Esqr.
/nAwjfti— Eecd. per Jones, 14 Aug. ; amd. 24th.

Extract from a Letter of

Qovr. Laiorence to Lords of Trade.

Halifax, 3rd Nov., 1756.

As to the French Inhabitants and Indians, I mentioned to
vour Lordships in my former letters, that they had committed
some acts of hostility, aijd by lying in wait in the roads where
our parties pass and repass, have found opportunities ot kiU-
ing and scalping some of our people, but I am in hopes, when
the Troops ordered from Ireland shall arrive, it will be more
in mv power than it hitherto has been to hunt them out ot
their' lurking places and possibly to drive them entirely out of
the Peninsuk. As soon as I received information that the
Governors of Georgia and South Carolina had given leave to
the French Inhabitants to return into the Province, (a thmg 1

ACADIAS FBffllCH.

could never have expected, where the general good of the
Snies wL so much concerned), I lost not a moments time
in representing by a circular Letter to the Governors on the
ContEt, ra Copy whereof I enclose to your Lordships) the
Si onsliuenc^s that might attend the return of those peo-
Seinto this Colony, and requested them to stop their prc^
S-ess thro' their respective Governments ; and in consequence
Sereof several have been detained both at New York and
Boston. Those at New York will not I believe be attended
wkh any expense to this Province but for those stopped at
Boston7a demand has been made and agreed to as your Lord-
ships will see by the Minutes of Council.

Oircular to the Governors on the Contineni.

Halifax,
I Ist July, 1756.

' I am well informed that many of the French iR^f^jtant^
transDorted last year from this Province and distnbuted
among the different Colonies upon the Continent,, have pro-
cured small vessels and embarked on board them in order to
return Ty Coasting from Colony to Colony, and that several
of them a^re now actually on their way. And as their succe s
in this enterprise would not only frustrate the design of this
Government m sending them away at so prodigious an ex-
nense Tut would also greatly endanger the security of the
Provtiice erpecially at this juncture, I think it my indespen-
rabTeduyt^o entreat your' ExceUency to use your utmo t
endeavourBto prevent the accomplishment of so pern'"ou

prove to His Majesty's interest in this part of the world.

I am &C-,

CHAS. r.AWEENCE.

300

AOAWAH TOEKCH.

NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.
Order. & Instructions to Major PrMh.
tiCOPT.]

^By His Excelly. ChUks Lawbknob ^sq-^- &- *;•

HarDOui iu Province have sometime

Whereas the Government «/ ™4^^^°I\he French Inhabit

ago come to a determ.nat.pn of Removing ^^ ^^^.^^ ^^^

ants from this P/o^^"''f,,^°>' e \o l"« ^^J^'^^' *°*^ ^'.!^-''
to take the oath of .A^^Pf ^""^^ J°rous behaviour on their
instances of treasonable & treacliero i^gued for the

Parts; -nd Whereas Orjei^^^s Xfths'tanding which .1
removal of the sa.d Jif ^™f ''r them do still remain in
have been informed tl^J.^°°^"°\icEly at Cape Sable and

different parts of «{« Ff ^ Zt^.ilr^ hereby required
the Placesround about. You are I ^^ ^^^ ^^j^ ^t

& directed to put ^"to |ape Jab e °r ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^

Harbours (in your ^^^,^1 the most convenient place" and to
vour command, to land ^t the mosi^" possible, & carry

Size as -any of the *^.id ^nhabi^^^^^^^^^

them with y';''^^B°^.*°^'7w e/yo'^ ^"^ '''''^' """
Ex. Govr. Shirley, with a letter you ^^^ ^

order. You are at a 1 W^^f *°theTr\lencils & cattle of all
of the said Inl^^^^t^"*!ititiJn of them to the Troops under

April 1756. ch^-S. LAWRENCE.

By his Excellys Command.
Wm. CottebeiX|

EoArad from Letter lio

,rds of Trade to Governor Lau^rence-
Whitehall, July ye 8th 1756.

Notwithstanding I what y°^ ^^/Jj Evinces to ^l^f^l

801

.J • u,r tn direct the Commis-

gioners tor &»ck »""

"T.- the ,.»« of th. two ...u«»a New F.«t»J »»a«5
rl tn any view which might have oe ^^^ ^

^^cHing SL into Bet^-jS^^^^^^^^^^ -^

the transportation ot the! rencii ^^^^ ^^^ ^^ y°'*,!'u9
extremely anxious till We hear ^^^.^^^ ^ t^. Ua

Spect to the settlement of those mu^^ ^^^ ^^ ^he right
ZZ an object of the ;^^K^^^^ and Prosperity of

Determination ot whica lu"
Sie Colony greatly depend. ^

Toasted along shore from Georgia c.^^^^^^^^^ a

tbev had been sent trom >oui ^ince. I have here

Sour in the f outhern pavt of tj^^^^^^^^^^ ,,eiired and three
npon ordered their pe^^e^^^^^Jj^ o^der to be examined
nr four of them sent to l*o?ton lu number have

° Your ExceUency is f "^if^: ^i'^^rted here, a number much

ASmblj U to Bit ''<"\°° .""ftl; «°11 be very .>»'•« »°
SSerty'. Cooocil W"'"'"" *?V,J,e Government, tl.er
„S thU .aditipnal »»»b«' S^,ryomExeellenoy.nd
tove ttoetore .ie.ired »««° "'„'",„, that so they may not

Your ExceUency's

«•"»"■ """"""Tphim.

To His Excellency I

Charles Lawrence, Esq. J ^ ^^^^^

HOTA SCOTIA DOCtJMENTS.
Oovernor Phi^ to Governor Lawrence.
)i Boston, 6 Augst. 1756.

302

I wrote your Excellency 23. of July of which the fore-
going is a Copy. I had (his day the Honour to receive Your
lxcellency'8 Letter of the 1st of July which I communicated
to Hia Majesty's Council, and as it appeared thereby that
what this Government hfid done to prevent the french Inha-
bitants of Nova Scotia who had Coasted it hither from the
Southern Colonies from .proceeding any further, was exactly
agreeable to Your Excellency's own Sentiments ; the Council
could not but think thatiyou would be pleased to take some
further Care about then*, a Charge has already arisen and
wherever they remain a considerable Charge will necessarily
arise. By Advice of the Council I sent to speak with your
Agents Messrs. Apthorpe and Hancock who tell me they can
do nothing without Your Excellency's Orders, which hope
VOU'U be so good to furnish them with as soon as conveniently
may be. What appeared pretty extraordinary was, that these
People had been turnisfed with a Passport from the Gover
nors^f Georgia, South Carolina and iJew York, which not
being now at hand I capnot at present send a Copy ot it. i
am with much respect .Si|c &c. PHIPS

His Excy Chas. Lawrence Esqr.
Indorsed— Becd. per Jone<,!l4 Aug.; ansd. 2ith.

Extract from a Letter vf Qovr. Laxorence to Lords of Trade.

Halifax, 3rd Nov., 1756.

As to the French Inhabitants and Indians, I mentioned to
your Lordships in my former letters, that they had committed
some acts of hostility, and by lying m wait in the roads where
our parties pass and repass, liave found opportunities of kll^
ing and scalping some of our people but I am in hopes when
thi Troops ordlred froW Ireland shall arrive, it will be more
in mv power than it hitherto has been to hunt them out ot
their' lurking places and possibly to drive them ^f^^^^lf^i
the Peninsula As soon as I received information that the
Governors of Georgia and South Carolina had given leave to
the French Inhabitants to return into the Province, (a thmg 1

ACADIAN FKBRCH.

SOS

could never have expected, where the general good of the
Sonies was so much concerned), I lost not a moments time
in representing by a circular Letter to the Governors on he
ContFnent, fa Copy whereof I enclose to your Lordships) the
Scons^iuences that might attend the return of those peo-
pirinto thl Colony, and requested them to stop the.r pre.
S-ess thro' their respective Governments ; and in consequence
Kof several have been detained both at New York and
Boston. Those at New York will not I believe be attended
whh any expense to this Province but for those stopped ^
Boston, a demand has been made and agreed to as your Lord-
ships will see by the Minutes of Council.

Circular to the Governors on the Continent.

Halifax,
Ist July, 1756.

Sib,—

I am well informed that many of the French Inhabitants
transported last year from this Province and d stnbuted
a^ng the different Colonies upon the Continent, have pro-
cured small vessels and embarked on board them in order to
retiun Ty Coasting from Colony to Colony, and that several
of Aem are now actually on their way. And as their success
t this enterprise would not only frustrate the design of this
Government in sending them away at so prodigious an ex-
oense but would also greatly endanger the security of the
Ki^ce erpecially at this juncture, I think it my mdespen-
Bable du y to entreat your Excellency to use your utmost
endeavours to prevent the accomplishment of so pernicious
SunSling'by destroying such vessels as those in your
Colony may have prepared for that purpose, and all that may
attmpt to^BB thro' any part of your Government, either by
land or water, on their way thither. I would by no means
Ce given your Excellency this trouble were I not perfectly
wTu aSred^ow fatal the'return of those people is likely to
prove to His Majesty's interest in this part of the world.

I am Ac,
i CHAS. LAWRENCE.

302

SlB,-

HOTA BCOTIA DOCUUENTB.
Oovernor Phijas to Oovernor Lawrence.

Boston, 6 Angst. 1756.

I wrote your Excellency 23. of July of which the fore-
going is a Copy. I had this day the Honour to receive Your
Excellency's Letter of the Ist of July which I communicated
to His Majesty's Council, apd as it appeared tliereby that
what this Government had done to prevent the french Inha-
bitants of Nova Scotia who had Coasted it hither from the
Southern Colonies from propeeding any further, was exactly
agreeable to Your Excellency's own Sentiments ; tlie Council
could not but think that you would be pleased to take some
further Care about them, ft Charge has already arisen and
wherever they remain a considerable Charge will necessarily
arise. By Advice of the Council I sent to speak with your
Agents Messrs. Apthorpe and Hancock who tell me they can
do nothing without Your Excellency's Orders, which hope
you'll be so good to furnish them with as soon as conveniently
may be. What appeared prptty extraordinary was, that these
People had been furnished With a Passport from the Gover-
nors of Georgia, South Carolina and New York, which not
being now at hand I cannot at present send a Copy of it. I
am with much respect &c <fec.

^ S. PHIPS.

HiaExcy Chas. Lawrence Eeqr.
Indorted—B»cd. p«r Jones, 14 Aiig. ; an»d. 34tb

Extract /rem, a Letter of Oovr. Lawrence to Lords of Trade.

Halifax, 3rd Nov., 1756.

As to the French Inhabitants and Indians, I mentioned to
your Lordships in my former letters, that they h»d committed
some acts of hostility, and by lying in wait in the roads where
our parties pass and repass, have found opportunities of kill-
ing and scalping some of our people, but I am in hopes, when
the Troops ordered from Ireland shall arrive, it will be more
in my power than it hitherto has been to hunt them out of
their lurking places and possibly to drive them entirely out of
the Peninsula. As soon as I received information that the
Governors of Georgia and South Carolina had given leave to
the French Inhabitants to return into the Province, (a thing I

ACADIAN FBBHCR.

could never have expected, where the general good of the
Colonies was so much concerned), I lost not a moments time
in representing by a circular Letter to the Governors on the
Continent, fa Copy whereof I enclose to your Lordships) the
faital consequences that might attend the return of those peo-
ple into this Colony, and requested them to stop their pro-
gress thro' their respective Governments ; and in consequence
thereof several have been detained both at New York and
Boston. Those at New York will not I believe be attended
with any expense to this Province but for those stopped at
Boston, a demand has been made and agreed to as your Lord-
ships will see by the Minutes of Council.

Oircular to the Oovemors on the Continent.

Halifax,
I lat July, 1756.

Sib,—

I am well informed that many of the French Inhabitants
transported last year from this Province and distributed
among the different Colonies upon the Continent, have pro-
cured small vessels and embarked on board them in order to
return by Coasting from Colony to Colony, and that several
of them are now actually on their way. And as their success
in this enterprise would not only frustrate the design of this
Government in sending them away at so prodigious an ex-
pense, but would also greatly endanger the security of the
Province, especially at this juncture, I think it my indespen-
sable duty to entreat your Excellency to use your utmost
endeavours to prevent the accomplishment of so pernicious
an undertaking by destroying such vessels as those in your
Colony may have prepared for that purpose, and all that may
attempt to pass thro' any part of your Government, either by
land or water, on their way thitlier. I would by no means
have given your Excellency this trouble were I not perfectly
well assured how fatal the return of those people is likely to
prove to His Majesty's interest in this part of the world.

I am &c.,

CHAS. r.AWRENCE.

304

KOVA SCOT! A DOCOMENTS.

Extract from Letter Board 6f Trade to Governor Lawrence^
dated March 10, 1757.

We are extremely sorry to find, that notwithstanding the
great expence which the piiblic has been at m removing
the French inhabitants, there shoukl yet be enough of them
remaining to molest and disturb the Settlements, and in-
terrupt and obstruct our partys passing from one place to
another ; It is certainly very much to be wished, that they
could be entirely driven out of the Pemnsula, because untill
that is done, it will be in their power, by the knowledge they
have of the country, however small their numbers, to distress
and harrass the out-settlements, and even his Majesty s Iroops
so as greatly to obstruct the establishment of the Colony ; As
to the Conduct of the Southern Colonys in permitting those
who were removed to coa$t along from one Province to
another in order that they i^ight get back to Nova bcotia,
nothing can have been more absurd and blameable, and had
not the Governors of New York and Massachusetts Bay pru-
dentlv stopped them, there is no attempt however desperate
and cruel which might not h|ive been expected from Persons
exasperated as they must h^vo been by the treatment they

had met with. ,i i • xi. „ t

We entirely agree in OpiiJion with you that in the present
situation of things, and vex.^d and harrassed as the Province
is by the Hostilities of the french and Indians, it will be m
vain to attempt to induce l^ardy and industrious I eople to
leave Possessions, which peijhaps they may enjoy in peace m
other Colonies, to come and settle in a Country where they
must be exposed to every distress and calamity which the
most inveterate enemy living in the Country, and knowing
every Pass and Corner of it can subject them to; and there-
fore we do not desire, nor liiean to press the measure upon
you further than the circucfstances of the province & ot the
times will admit of it.

Governor PownaR

* to OovernOr Lawrence.

Boston, Janry 2d. 1759.

' "'*' This waits upon you Iwith the compliments and every
good of the Season I alf congratulate you on the very

» aovernor Pownall, afterward* Sir Thomas Fownall, f^uccceded William

ACADIAN PBEaJCH.

305

material success of Brigdr. Qenl. Forbes on the Ohio. We
have accounts of two men of War having sailed for Louis-
bourg, and a large Fleet for different Ports on the Continent.
1 do not hear that any are yet arrived nor have we any news
later than the 17th or 18th of October from Europe. When
1 was last down at the Eastward, I got upon the trac of a
person suspected to be gone trading with the Neutrals, I
cou'd at that time make nothing of it. Since that time the
person returned to Marblehead and brought, as I heard from
Cape Sables, a letter or petition from the Neutrals there
directed to me in Council — This was proof that he had been
■ amongst them. I got this letter the very day Mr. Amherst
arrived here the last time. I directed the Attorney General
to prosecute Haskell as corresponding with the Kings Ene-
mies— He took the man up who is in jail — but the Evidence
against him will not Convict him — Pesenclave the Priest, and
the other Neutrals now prisoners with you, may possibly be
evidence against him — the fact was committed in your Pro-
vince. If you think you cou'd convict the man and think of
bringing him to a Tryal he may be sent to you. As for the
case of the poor people at Cape Sables it seems very distress-
ful and worthy any relief can be afforded them. If Policy
cou'd acquiesce in any measure for their relief. Humanity
loudly calls for it — I send you a copy of their petition and in
the Copy of the Journal of Council which I also enclose,
You will see that Genl. Amherst was wiUing to relieve them,
cou'd it have been done here — but by the same you will see
the Council cou'd by no means advise me to receive them.

I am with great Truth
Sir
Your most obedient

faithful humble Servant

T. POWNALL.
His Excellency j

B. Genk Govr. Lawrence.

influence obtained several important situations in the colonies. lie first came
to America in 1753, as Secretary to Sir Danvers Osborne, who had been
appointed Governor of New York. In 1762 Mr. Pownall was nominated to the
Governorship of South Carolina, but never assumed the office. American life
and politica became distasteful to him, and he returned to England, and was
elected a member of tlie British Parliament for Minehead in 1775 or «. He
was the author of several works relating to the colonies, and other literary
productions. He died at Bath in 1785, in the 85th year of his SLge.—HuUhim-
t»»'» But. Mass.; Gfenileman's Magazine, 1806, Get. PotouiWs LeUtrs.

306

NOVA SCOTIA

Cojiies of Papers accompanying
Cape Sables,

To His Excellency Ti
able Council in

DOCUMEHTS.

Oov. PownaU'a Letter.

, September 15th, 1758.

Tho*as Pownall, Esq. and Honour'
3o8ton.

ACADIAN FRENCH.

307

things that your l^^^^"*;"^/ &^;°i fallow creatures and "
compassion on us yo"FP°"'^„f''*^;';w\ve earnestly implore
grant to us this humble ^l^^^t * * fExcellency and worthy
^f you and tlmt ,t m^gM pMe ^"^Xey Government, and
Council to take us ;";Y3,;^erand W Council to

if itm.ght P»<^.''^«.7°'^,^ F^X^ live we shall ever

settle us here ^ this land wh^re we n ^^^^^^^^

hold it our bmind^n du y to^ V a^^J-ou y^^ ^^^^^^^

Breath, and We will .*^s®"\7 •'f" , whatever vou require of
oil that we are l-^^tily willink o do ^^lMtcver yo^ ^^q^. ^^

us as far as we '^''f, '^^'^^^^^Pternment our Yearly Taxes we
P^^ V^°"lli?rtosm'port3l ma"2in the War 'against the
are also willing to support .«»a damage

King of France as long as i^e ^'^I-^'^'Iuq Savages it siiall
Should be done here on our J/"^>"^>^'^i^,\y,in^^^^^ which

be required at our hands ^^ !^^;;" f^^t live between here
consist of about 150 So^;,l« T savages ttot ^^^^ ^.^^.^^^

and Halifax do not exceed 2Q m^n, ana x ^
to come under the same Government with us ami to p > ^^^

yearly tuxes to your K-*|;f ,^„ ^ :e K'^^^^^^^

shall be so fortunate as to °^^"\^°^"r Excellency's Govern-

Excellency as to be receive^ >"to J'^ur bxceu y ^^^^^

„,ent, we will send in ^o "\en ^^^^^^ a list of their

and the ^avageswill send 4 two l^e^^^^ ^^^^.^.^ ^^

names and we will all submit ^ . /„„ plgewhere Savages or
us and if any others ^l^o^l^i desert horn elsewhere g^

French and come to "« ^« ^^''"•'^""J^hand liberty and now
they get from under yoY,^''^°"''"f7J 'X ag to be denied
to conehide if we should ''^ «°/"J°^no your Excellency's
■this our humble request we^ U «™t to yo

^iF^^e^SteS$1Sr"dirhere than go to any

French Dominions to live- JeJ^eg that your E.eelle^^^^
will send us word what we shall do as soon a >^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^
will do it a«/oon as you send, and 1 1 U ^^^ ^^^^

come away from here we wdl obey o ^^ ^^^.^

I i T roPPived from the mouths of Joseph
The foregoing is what I ^eceivert rom j • ^^ ^^^ of

the Contents. ! MARK HASKELL.

PnoviNCE MASSACHUSBrT& Bat.
At a Council held at the Province House in Boston upon
Monday, December 4th, ^1,^^ • .^^ to the Board an ap-
His Excellency having '^°°^"";"i;^;f j^^^^^^ Joseph L'Andree
plication which he yesterday received tiora Jo P ^^.^^^^^
Led Cape Sables September ^^th, 1758 n Jena ^^^^

and abou? forty.French ^ '" s"es cL th^'as^hfy are

Government. or^nminted the Board that he

His Excellency also liavmg acquaintea ^^ ^ ^^^^

had communicated the ™ J^ ^JX/gharge ^^ the Crown,
willing to transport them hither at the v.n fe

Advised, that his Excellency ^e"*! \^°PJ ^ime advisV him

hither.

Since that time my Lords, the Indians ^ -tte-^^^^^^^^^^
particularly tl. latter -t^nt standing the si^^^^^^^ ^^^^^

bSXand'sSt put a sto^ to their incursions upon

3Qg NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMEHTS.

this province, have infested us^oro^^^^^^
a manner, to which they n«Xn I aXre you that these
Lordships will be PX'e's hSe had tl e tarSiness to fit out
land ruffians, turned P»'^**«'' '',*^^^,? ^hat sixteen or seventeen
Shallops to ""-j;>-- --^^^^^^ fallen into

vessels some °t ^^^jeiy J^ ^^.^ ^^ ^^^ Saunders whsxl

their hands I ^f ^^^^PJ ^,^^„res for putting a sneedy and
presume will take P'^PV^ "'^T• „„ but vour Lordships will
Sfifectual stop to ^"'^^ ^?P;,^ff ^ ''^ i,o J enterprizing these
perceive from such «t™l^eB ^^^^^^^^^^ « P^ at^Lunen-

^eople --t b^'.f t'„Te eftff^^^^^^^^ maintain them-

arthei^^rrioir^^^^^^^ •- -^^-^

little less than forty miles. , murdered on the

Since my l^^^r«>r\nAlnearTorrSackville, three

Eastern Shore of ^^''^Jft^BlTof which I have not yet the

hrapt?^^^^^^^ ^-^^ '^' '- '^'^"^

of Council of July 16th.

Ooverrwr Lawferux to Mr. Pitt

Sir,—

Halifax, Nova Scotia
November 3rd, 1759.

inhabitants at ^^pe .^f*^'®' ^'7, ^, .„^ a„^e amongst them to
finding tbemselves distressed deputed some^^^ ^^

security. On my appl.ca io|i *« ^/^"^^^^f^^^f "h ch are em-
an empty Transport to calUn here, on bo»rd ot ^

barked (some having died h0re) ^°« ^J'lXg Jnd under
eons, as by the enclosed ^^^^F^' *° K^f ,, and there receive
Convey of His Majesty's Ship ^f ' e™; nroper. * * ♦
such orders as your Excellency shall judge proper.

Iam,&c^ LAWRENCE.
The Right Honble. I CUAS. liAn

William Pitt, &c., &c., &c. )

ACADIAN FBENCH.

309

At a Council holden at the Governor's House in Halifax
on Fryday the 30th Novr. 1759. |

PBEaENT —

His Excellency the Governor.
Jon'n. Belcher,
Jno. Collier,

Chas. Morris, 1 Councs.
Richd. Bulkeley*
Thos. Saul,
Jos. Gerrish.

His Excellency -Bmunicated to the Co-^^^^
he had received from CoU. Arbuthno Comm^^^^^ ^^^^

Fort Frederick in thoR>verfet John s^ acquaint g^^^^^ ^^
about Two hundred Inhabitants, as they ca^^ ^^^

that Country with Two P";f 'J^^f,. Jsj^cTt^^
Pere Coquarte had •^T^.^Set'iSed by Captain Cramahe,
of Quebec, producing C'^'^tlnw of their having Taken the
Deputy Judge Advocate at Quebec, of t£^^^^'J^f^ -^ eonse-

Oath o'f Allegiance to ."'^..XTckLBgven them leave
quence thereof that Brigadier Moncktonhaag

-T^ Hon. Richard Bulkeley »eeompanied Govr. Cornwalhs W^^^^^^f "^l,*
as A U. C. in 1749. He became °«'="="^^.°Vnder thirteen successive Go-
"59 and continued to fl"«'»S''"P»;'t"as«®rm\t"ed to resign in favour of hi,
vernors, until the year 1793 when he wa^ P«™'»^ ^ „,^ber of Council m
son, Michael Freke B»''«'?,y;,„"!,*rof^he Province as senior Councdlor
1759, and administered tiie Governraent 01 tne r ^^^^ ^^^^^^j „ji,er

on the death of Governor I'f "• '° ^^rled • Ms first wife was a daughter of
offices of trust. He liad ^een twice married h.s n« ^^^ ,„„,

Capt. John Kous, B. N i she djed in J»n.V- l"feeded him as Provincial Secre-
both died in Jamaica; h.« son J reke, who succm^^^^^ "^ """^"'nn^'lt

tary, and was also a member of the ^asemmy .0 ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^j

suddenly in 1796, at an early »8«^ . ^f- B-'^/i^y,, throughout the province,
the age of 83, beloved and "spected by aU c.^ ^^ ^^ ^.s deaUi

He left a widow and one son '/,''« 'XirXc and Master of the freemasons
he held the offices of Judge »f he Adm.raUy, ur eonferred upon any

and Brigadier General of Mihtia,-* ""^ "f^'^^^^^eter for uprightness and
Militia officer in Nova Scotia. He •>'""'»'"*'* *,,i'!^ ^u his contemporaries^
5Suy throughout his long ^"f^hrltr of tl^ Province. The old «one
he bad for years been esteemed the father ot t^e ^ j.^ ,4 *\'="""

house, formerly the residence of the !»'« "9J; Buiweicy: he resided there at
„f Prince and Argyle Streets, was built by M"^- ^"'S^'^J V' Uery of St. Paul's

310

NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

could only make Answer that they must come down to the
Fort, and remain there till he pould apply to the Governor, to
know what should be done \|it.h them; And that they had
accordingly come down, and Were to remain at the Fort, untU
His Excellency's Resolutions with regard to them, should
arrive.

His Excellency further reJ)reBentod to the Council, that
from several Circumstances, it appeared plainly to him, that
those Certificates had been obtained from Capt. Cramah6 upon
Supposition that these Inhabitjants belonged to some River or
Place of that Name in Canada] and not to the River St. John's
in Nova Scotia, and therefore that they never could have had
from Brigadier Monckton an^ sort of Permission to return
into this Province. >

Wherefore His Excellency d|esirod the Council's Advice and
Opinion, on what methods shoiuld be taken at this Season of
the Year, for disposing of the^e People, who are represented
to be in a Starving Condition \ it being, in His Excellency's
Opinion, highly improper to suffer them to remain upon their
former Possessions, which the French have always pretended
is a Dependance of Canada, altlio' contained within the Bound-
aries of the Province of Nova Scotia.

The Council are of Opinion, and do Advise that His Excel-
lency do take the earliest Op portunity of Hiring Vessels for
having them immediately Traifsported to Halifax, as Prisoners
of War, until they can be sentj to England : and that the two
Priests be likewise removed out of the Province. * * *

At a Council holden at I[alifax on Wednesday the 9th
Jan)^1760.

Pbe^ent —

His Excellency the Governor.

Benj. Gr0en,

Chas. Morris,

Riclid. B|ilkeley, [ Councs.

Thos. Saiil,

Jos. Gerrish.

* * * * His Excellency communicated to the Council
for their Opinion, the following Extract of a Letter from
Colonel Frye the Commanding Officer at Chignecto, the Con-
sideration whereof was adjourned to next Saturday.

ft.

ACADIAN FRENCH.

311

" Fort Cumberland, Chignecto, Dec. 10th, 1759.

" On the 16th of Novi-. past, Alexander Brusard, Simon
Martin, Jean Bass, and Joseph Brusard, arrived here under a
Flatr of Truce, as Deputies for about One hundred and Mmety
french men, Women, and Children, residing in the Departments
of Pitcoudiack and Memoramcook whose Business was to
Surrender up themselves and Constituents to English Govern-
ment ; at the same time informed me they wore m a miserable
Condition for want of Provisions, having not more among them
all, than could (by the most prudent use) keep more than two
Thirds of their number alive till Spring ; therefore begged 1
wouhl have Compassion on them, and allow them some, other-
wise they must all Starve." , • , , r ^^.^.r.
" Being fully satisfied since their Canada is taken from them,
there was no danger but their necessitous Circumstances
would keep them under Command, I thought it might not
be amiss to use my Endeavours, to make the Collecting them
into a Body, as cheap to the Government as possible, lliere-
fore told them I would Support no more of their number
through the Winter, than exceeded the reach of their own
Provisions. They then begged I would allow rrovisions lor
one third part of them, assuring me they told the truth at
first, and that if I would not keep that number, they must all
die by Famine ; upon which I agreed that they s^o" d/erid
Sixty three of their People to Winter here and that the
remainder of them might come out of their obscure Habits^
tions into the french Houses remaining on Pitcoudiack and
Memoramcook Rivers, where they should live ml eacc till
Spring, and Ordered that they all be here to attend Your
Excellency's Orders concerning them." ^ ,, „ , „, .
" They manifested great Thankfulness for the Treatment
they had received; and on the 17th went off leaving Alex-
ander Brusard, who I kept in Custody till I should see their
further behaviour." , , x, ■ • i
" On the 18th Peter Suretz, John & Michael Bulk arrived
under another Flag of Truce, as Deputies for about seven
hundred Men Women and Children at Merimichi, Richiboucta
& Bouctox ; their Business & Circumstances with regard to
Provisions, was the same as those mentioned before bo 1
agreed that they should send two hundred and thirty ot their
People to Winter here ; and upon their informing me that
thevhad Twelve Vessels in their Custody, that were Taken
on the Coast of Canso the Summer past, I ordered the remain-

312

NOVA scotJa documents.

AOADUM FBENGH.

813

der of them to come with tpeir Effects in those Vessels to
Bay Verto, as soon in the Spring as the Navigation opened,
when they should know You^ Excellency's pleasure concern-
ing them."

" They likewise seem'd well Satisfied, A promised to come
according to Order if possible, but were afraid (as those Ves-
sels were all drove ashore by the late terrible Storm) they
should not be able to get them all off, but would use their
utmost endeavour to do it, and would bring all they could."

" The Affair being thus determined, they (on the 20th) took
their departure, since which, there has arrived at this Place
from Petcoudiack, of Men, Women, & Children fifty one ; the
remainder of those to Winter hero are daily expected. As
for those that were to come jfrom Merimichi, Richibucta, and
Bouctox for their Winter Support, the distance between this
and those Places being so great, the Deputies told me I
might not expect to see any (?f them till fourteen Days after
Christmas, but that it was ijkely some of their Young men
might be here upon Business sooner ; and accordingly on the
4:th Inst, four Men from Richi^)ucta arrived here, who informed
me those Deputies were got to their Place before they left it,
that the People were agreeing who should come, and who
should stay till Spring, and that I might expect to see them
all then."

" By all which it pretty evidently appearp, that early in the
Spring, there will be at this Place & Bay Verte about Nine
hundred Souls, to be disposejd of as Your Excy. shall see fit.
I have therefore taken this Opportunity to acquaint you with
the Affair, and to request yoi^r directions for ftirther Proceed-
ings with them."

Jno. Dupobt,

Sec. Cone.

Extract from Minutes of a Council holden at Halifax on
Saturday, the 1B<A January, 1760.

The Council took into Coui^ideration the Letter laid before
them by His Excellency thei last Council Day, and were of
Opinion that notwithstanding! the french Families, mentioned
in the Letter, had been continually in Arms against His Ma-
jesty, within the undoubted Jjimits of this. His Majesty's Pro-
vince : yet in Compassion to ; this their distressed Condition,
and in order to their being tljie more easily assembled in the

Spring, when further measures may be taken in regard of
them, their Submission to the pleasure of the Government
should bo accepted, provided that they deliver up their Arms ;
and the Council were likewise of opinion that thev be assisted
with BO much Provisions as shall appear absolutely necessary
for their Sustenance, upon their giving Hostages for their Ap-
pearance in the Spring.

At a Council holden at Halifax on Monday the 10th March,

1760.

Present —

His Excellency the Governor,

Jon'n. Belcher,

Jno. Collier,

Chas. Morris, ^Councrs.

Bichd. Bulkeley,

Thos. Saul,

Jos. Gerrish.

* * * * His Excellency also communicated an Extract
of a Letter he had received from General Amherst, in which
the General approves of the measures of bringing away ttie
French Inhabitants from St. John's River, and advises His
Excellency to send them away to Europe as Prisoners of War,
as soon as possible. His Excellency also acquainted the
Council that he was informed from Fort Cumberland, that the
number of French Inhabitants that might be collected there,
would amount to near Twelve hundred Men : and that as he
apprehended that these People are upon the same footing with
those of St. John's, ho desired the Advice of the Council
whether it would not be proper to Take up Transports to send
away the whole.

The Council having taken the same into Consideration, were
of opinion that such a measure would be extreamly proper
and seemed to be absolutely necessary, in order to facditate
■■ the Settlement of the evacuated Lands by the Persons who
are coming from the Continent for that purpose; who otherwise
would be always liable to be obstructed in their Progress, by
the Incursions of these french Inhabitants : whereas, on the
contrary, if they are removed out of the Province, the Set-
tlers will remain in perfect Security, as the Indians are unani-
mously inclined to Peace, and Treaties are already made with
several of the Tribes.
Jo. Dupobt, Sec. Con.

Ilf

S14

NOTA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

Extract from Minutes of * Council holden at Halifax on
Tuesday, tlie\5th August, 1760.

His Excellency also communicated to the Council, a Letter
he had received from Coloijel Frye, the Commanding Officer
at Fort Cumberland, acquaiiJting him that there were between
three and four hundred of the French Inhabitants assembled
at that Fort, who had submitted themselves to be disposed of
at the Pleasure of the Gokrernraent ; also that he was in
daily Expectation of receiviing Proposals of the like Submis-
sion from near seven hunilred more who were now at Ris-
tigoush : His Excellency therefore desired the Advice of the
Council in regard to the disposal of these People.

The Council having take^i the same into Consideration, did
Advise that His Excellendj' would be pleased to Take up
Vessels to Transport such cTf those Inhabitants to Halifax, as
were not able to Travel ijy Land : in order to their being
disposed of, as may hereaftt r be thought proper.

Jno. Duport,
Sec : Con :

At a Council holden at the President's House in Halifax
on Fryday, the 20th Pebrui.ry, 1761.

ESENT —

The Honble. Jonatlujn Belcher, Esq., President,

Jno. Collier,

Chas. Mdrris,

Richd. Bulkeley, 1- Coimcrs.

Jos. Gerrish,

Alexr. Grant.

# * * * The President having communicated to the
Council, a Paragraph of a Letter from His Excellency Major
General Amherst to Colonel Forster, bearing date the 17th of
January last, recommendiijg the Continuation of the French
Accadians in this Provincej, the Council proceeded to take the
same into Consideration, tdgether with the order of His Ma-
jesty in Council of the i6th February 1760, and the Law of
the Province relating to the French Accadians, and also the
opinion of the Council of the 10th March 1760, in consequence
of a Letter laid before theta by the late Governor from Gene-

ACADIAN FRENCH.

318

ral Amherst; and were unanimously of Opinion that the said
ordfr of His' Majesty, a copy of the sa,d Law, and also of the
former Opinion of the Council, should bo transmitted to the
General and that His Excellency should be informed of the
present Situation of the French Accadians in the Province
who had not yet surrendered, and their danger to the bettle-
ments ■ and that it is thoir present unanimous opinion that the
Taid F ench Accadians cannot, by the said Royal Order and the
sa d Provincial Law, be permitted to remain in the Province
and the Council did Advise that this their Opunon may be
submitted with all deference to the Consideration of Uis b.x-
cellency General Amherst. ^ BELCHER.

J. Duport, Sec. Con. !

To the Honorable Jomthan Bdcher* Governor and Comr
mander-in-Chief of His Majesty's Province of Nova
Scotia.

The Humble Address of the House of Representatives of the
said Province met in General Assembly—

Sheweth —

That previous to the commencement of the present war
the ancient Inhabitants of this Province who called, or had
been taught to call themselves neutrals were expel ed on
account of their refusing that allegiance due from subjects to

. Jonathan Belcher was second son of Governor Belcher of Massachusetu

office he urged upon Government the necessity of ca»'"f „\i; /the Gover.
Assembly, bling o'f opinion that tl'««<"--;,;;,^ f^.T^'^^rof passLro^^^^^^
nor's commission and instructions, did not P"'««f '7 P"''?^.^i.|^t„e, which

Justice Btlchet's Letters among N. S. Aulixves.

316

HOVA SCOTIA Documarrs.

their Sovereign ; and of the underhand support assistance and
encouragement which they gave to the Savages to distress
and annoy the new settler* with the most frightful and bloody

That notwithstiinding their expulsion in the year 1755,
great numbers returned and joined the French parties and
were headed by French partizans in defence of Canada, in
Piratical depredations upon the coast of Nova Scotia, and with
small parties scouring the internal parts of the province, de-
stroying theinhabitiiuts and driving off their Cattle in spite
of the Troops sent against them, which they could easily
evade from their thorough knowledge of the Country.

That since the capitulation of Canada, in which they were
not included, many of thgm finding it impossible to subsist,
came out of the woods and surrendered with their families ;
others have been surprised and ferreted out of their lurking
places, by parties sent onjpurpose, and many yet remain who
subsist upon hunting and fisliiug, in and about the Bay Cha-
leur. Gaape, Merimichi and other Rivers upon the coast of the
Gulph of St. Lawrence aD(d in the River St. John.

That the lenity with which these people have been treated
by the Government, sincej they have been prisoners, in allow-
ing them the liberty of wolrking at high wages, furnishing them
with provisions and retaining them so long in the province,
we-conceive has been doiie on a presumption, that these mea-
sures would shew them tlie sweets of the English Government
and incline them to become real good subjects ; but we had
reason to be convinced that this can never be effected, at least
■ while they remain in the proviuce ; for no sooner was the
Spanish war declared, an4 the junction of Spain with France
known, than they assumed fresh courage, and began to be in-
solent to the Settlers in the Townships where they were at
work, telling them that they should soon regain possession ot
their lands and cut ev^ry one of their tlroats. And the
numerous appearance of eavages, this summer from the most
distant parts of the province, joined with their insolence, and
the invasion of Newfoundland has had such an effect upon the
minds of the new Settlers, who by the necessity of their situa-
tion, are considerably detached from one another in the coun-
try, that great numbers have been induced thereby to quit
their habitations, and retire; to the Continent for safety; and
there is much reason to apprehend that if this panic should
spread itself further among them, most part of the rest wiU
follow the same example.

AOASUH FUEKCH.

81t

To remedy this evil, and to prevent many other bad conse-
quences to L province, we humbly apprehend the most effec
tual means will be speedily to remove these French pn-
Boners for the forgoing as well as the following reasons—

1 From the extraordinary convention and insolence of the
Indians this summer upon the coast, the threatenings of the
French, and the intelligence they seem to have spread among
them by French partizans, there is the ,ll'g]}f ^^ /«^«°" *°
believe, that the designs of the enemy, could they have been
carried into execution, were much more extensive than the
invasion of Newfoundland with so small an armament. ^

2 That such prisoners as could have escaped would un-
doubtedly have joined and taken arms with the enemy, in case
they had appeared upon the coast, and attempted a descent;
and that they still would do so on any future occasion.

3 That these people seeing the English daily in possession
and enjoyment of the lands forfeited and formerly occupied
bv them will for ever regret their loss ; and consequently
Sll laT hold of every favorable opportunity for regaining
them, at any. even the most hazardous risk. ^,■u^^^■

4 That their religion, wherein they demonstrate the highest
bigotry; and the eLly principles of policy which has been
instiUe^i' into them by French Priests & Z'^^Tjae ord^l
they are diU Frenchmen and should pay obedience to theordeis
of their Grand Monarch," must constantly i»fl»«"c« J^.'?''
conduct ; and make them in their hearts, enemies to a British
Government, however mild & beneficent.

5. That being bom & bred among the savages, and lowing
their languagerand strictly connected with many of them by
intermarriagis and ties of blood, as well as rehgion, they
never fail to inculcate a sperite of dislike to Enghsh heretics
It they term it, and to paint them to those /g^^^yj^tches
in the most disadvantageous and horrid colors ; ^^^ «f°"lf *
favorable opportunity offer, may easily prevai with them to
break the Jeace, and to chace away the settlers from their
habitations, to th^ great hurt and utter ruin of the province
and altho'we have%os8ession of Canada and Cape Breton,
- yet there are numbers even of his Ma esty's subjects, who froru
sordid views and an invincible avidity of gain, would be
wicked enough to furnish them with as much amnmtion and
provisions by stealth, for their peltry &c as would be suffi-
Sit to do abundance of mischief; and this is what we have
but too frequently and fatally experienced since the farst
settlement of Halifax.

If • ■

316

NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTB,

their Sovereign ; and of tbe underhand support assistance and
encouragement which they gave to the Savages to distress
and annoy the new aettlerB with the most frightful and bloody

That notwithstanding jheir expulsion in the year 1755,
great, numbers returned ^nd joined the French parties and
were headed by French partizans in defence of Canada, in
Piratical depredations upcfn the coast of Nova Scotia, and with
small parties scouring the internal parts of the province, de-
stroying the inhabitants ahd driving off their Cattle in spito
of the Troops sent agai|nst them, which they could easily
evade from their thorough knowledge of the Country.

That since the capitulation of Canada, in which they were
not included, many of th(|m finding it impossible to subsist,
came out of the woods a(id surrendered with their families ;
others have been surprisejd and ferreted out of tlieir lurking
places, by parties sent on purpose, and many yet remain who
subsist upon hunting and fishing, in and about the Bay Cha-
leur. Gaspe, Merimichi anjd other Rivers upon the coast of the
Gulph of St. Lawrence aild in the River St. John.

That the lenity with which these people have been treated
by the Government, sinc^ they have been prisoners, in allow-
ing them the liberty of w(jrkin*g at high wages, furnishing them
with provisions and retaining them so long in the province,
we conceive has been done on a presumption, that these inea^
Bures would shew them tlje sweets of the Englisli Government
and incline them to becoijae real good subjects ; but we had
reason to be convinced that this can never be effected, at least
while they remain in th^ province ; for no sooner was the
Spanish war declared, anfl the junction of Spain with I ranee
known, than they assumejd fresh courage, and began to be in-
solent to the Settlers in tlie Townships where they were at
work, telling them that they should soon regain possession ot
their lands and cut ev^ry one of their throats. And the
numerous appearance of savages, this summer from the most
distant parts of the province, joined with their insolence, and
the invasion of Newfoundland has had such an effect upon the
minds of the new SettlerB, who by the necessity of their situa-
tion, are considerably detached from one another in the coun-
try, that great numbers have been induced thereby to quit
their habitations, and rehire to the Continent for safety ; and
there is much reason to fipprehend that if this panic should
spread itself further among them, most part of the rest will
follow the same example

ACADIAM FREKCH.

817

To remedy this evil, and to prevent many other bad conse-
ouenees to the province, we humbly apprehend the most effec-
?uaT means will be speedily to remove these French pri-
Boners. for the forgoing as well as the following reasons-

1 From the extraordinary convention and insolence of the
Indians this summer upon the coast, the threatenings of the
French, and the intelligence they seem to have spread among
them by French partizans, there is the highest reason to
believe, that the designs of the enemy, could they have been
carried into execution, were much more extensive than the
invasion of Newfoundland with so small an armament.

2 That such prisoners as could have escaped would un-
doubtedly have joine.l and taken arms with the enemy, m case
they had appeared upon the coast, and attempted a descent;
and that they still would do so on any future occasion. ^

3. That these people seeing the English daily in possession
and enjoyment of the lands forfeited and formerly occupied
by them; will for ever regret their loss; and consequently
will lay hold of every favorable opportunity for rogauung
them, at any. even the most hazardous risk. ■ • ,' *

4 That their religion, wherein they demonstrate the highest
bigotry; and the early principles of policy which has been
inftilled into them by French Priests & em'^?arie.s ^ .zt. -^Aaf
theu are stiU Frenchmen and shouU pay obedience to the o,de,a
of their Grand Monarch," must constantly l»flfnc« their
conduct ; and make them in their hearts, enemies to a Biitish
Government, however mild & beneficent. u,.,„,;„o-

5.' That being born & bred among the savages, and kuo«iug
their languagerand strictly connected with many of them by
intermarriages and ties of blood, as well as rehgion they
never fail to inculcate a sperite of dislike to English heretics
as they term it, and to paint them to tho.e 'g""'-'^^"* ^"^^^
in the most disadvantageous and horrid colors a?d « o"!*^ ^
favorable opportunity offer may easily prevail with them to
break the peace, and to chace away the settlers from their
habitations, to th^ great hurt and utter rum of the province
and altho'we have possession of Canada and Cape Breton,
yet there are numbers even of his Majesty's subjects, who from
sordid views and an invincible avidity of gam, would be
wicked enough to furnish them with as much ^munition and
provisions by stealth, for their peltry &c as would be suffi-
Sent to do abundance of mischief; and this is what we have
but too frequently and fatally experienced Bincn the tirat
eettlement of Halifax.

S18

NOVA WOTIA DOCPMENta.

6 That these French iieiitrala, as they are now collected
toeether, are at present a lieavy charge upon the inhabitants,
especially the laboring people, who are obliged to mount
euard every third day and night in their turns, to prevent the
escape of the prisoners confined only in open Barrracks, there
being no place of close confinement to contain such a number.

These sir, and many more cogent reasons that might be
enforced, and which we piresumo will naturally occur to you,
who are perfectly well acquainted with the present state ot
this province, we humbly submit to your consideration, and
we flatter ourselves, that} you will join with us in opinion,
and give the necessary olrders that these French prisoners
may be forthwith removed out of the province.

President Belcher to General Amherst.
(Gorrs. Lett. Book.)

Halifax, 25th February, 1761.
Sib,—

Colonel Forster haviijig communicated to me a Paragraph
of Your Excellency's Le^er relating to the Acadians in Nova
Scotia, wherein Your Ejfcellency seems pleas'd to refer the
Consideration of their coiitinuance or removal from the 1 ro-
vince to the deliberation lof our Legislature, I thought it my
duty to represent this affair to the Council for their Opinion,
and thev immediately t())ok the same into Consideration «fe
unanimously agreed to submit it to Your Excellency's advice
for such measures as majf be necessary to be pursued tor the
advantage and security o|f the Province ; and this their deter-
mination, I have the hon0r to lay before you together with the
papers referr'd to in the Opinion of Council. # * ♦

I am, <&ca.,

I JONATHAN BELCHER,

To His Excellency I j.

Major General Amhetst, New York, j

ACADIAN FBENCH.

319

Councls.

Extract frcm Minutes of a Council holdenatthePrMent'a
House in Bali/ax on Saturday the 2lst March 1761.

Present —

The Honble. Jonathan Belcher Esqr. President,

The Honble. Jno. Collier,
Chs. Morris,
Richd. Bulkeley,
Jos. Gerrish,
Alexr. Grant.

The Council having taken into Consideration the extream
ill Behaviour of Mr. Menac* a french Priest in this Province,
who had, in a most notorious manner, pubhckly drauk the
Pretender's Health, and had endeavoured to create uneasi-
ness among the Indians, and to draw them over to the
french Interest, and had also otherwise misbehaved it was
Advised that the said french Priest should be sent to l^ngland,
as a Prisoner of War, by the first opportunity, j^j^^^j,^

Jko. Bupobt, Sec. Con.

President Belcher to Col. Forster.
(GoTFs. Letter Book.)

Halifax, 18 June, 1761.

^™'lv representations made to me from the New Settlements
in this Province, it appears Extremely necessary that the m-
habitants should be assisted by the Acad.ans lu repairing the
Dvkes for the preservation and recovery of the Maish banas,
particularly as on the progress of this work, in whrdi the
Acadians are the most skilfull^eoplem_theCcmn^^

.The Abbe Miniac, or Menach, came to Acadia in o™?*"? ^"^ ^^^^l
rorJrrt in 1742 He brouKlit letters to Governor Mascarene from the Jl'shop
S: Quei^c The Blsho^rep^^^^ him as a ™»" "^ bl«h .^^f ?' '"^

to the British.- Gorcrnor Mascarene's Letter at page lil, JV. S. vocumeni, ,

^TlfrcSs^efmain.ofthe Society of Jesus, above r^entioned.was another
Jve emU^;^ ^ the Canida Government. He *a. appointed miss.onary to th.

820

SOVA SCOTliJ D0CUMEKT9.

port and SubBistence of several hundred of the Inhabitants

^%^^ reason ^^^S^I^S^SfZ^,
great Service rendered * '««« i^^J'""^; repeat my Appli-
L the late Governor last yeaj urge me to r P ^^^ ^^^^^^
cations that you may pleasQ to give sucu .^

Occasion, that the Government ^^^^^^ "nd "hat no delaj may be
supporting the '"•^'g^^'^thosi Settleme^^^^^ which are so mnch
made in the progress "f.^^^Xrd aTd the attention of His
the Object of the P^^Uc ^efeard and tu^^^ difficulty on

I have the honour, &c.,

JONATHAN BELCHER.

To Colonel Forster, ^, . , ,
Commanding His Maje8<|y
in Nova Scotia.

'a Troops

E^ract ^ LeUerfrorn Lcrds of Trade to Oovr. Bdcker.

Whitehall, June 23d, 1761.

The number of AcadiaL -^^jZ'^:Zo:Z'i!^^^
collected together in differed V^^^^f^^^ .Jj; ^^t^^ard cir-

hostile disposition, ^PP^'^^^^e of the Province, but as it does
cumstance in the present «<^^o ot tl^ i rovin ^ .^^^

not properly belong to °^f ^^ "^£ yo^ to His Majesty's
a matter of tins nature W^^^^ Copies of

StTou'rK^rand'S^apers received with them, as
relate to this subject. — -

of the Quebec Oovernnient, and X"' i)U„atche fr"™ Q"«'"^'= *"* ^"•'*f'lif
genceof all movemenW m ^ca^^^.^^^PfoM to communicate w
Addressed to him, and mil tary °«'^"f**7he attack on the garrwon of Minas
He assisted De Rame.ay in his »'»"'\"'^^',L Governor of Canada a plan for
w^^ 1747, and the same yea' he proposed U) the Uove™ ^j^j ,(,„,»

an attack on the fort of Annapolis Hoyal, *en, M n f^^ ^^ frequently
JSinor condition. I" V" "U^Tof hU Snfand refugee Acadians.
visited Quebee to ""ain supphes for ^is in ^^^ ^ f ^

freraid^%?r".he^«uTo^hern,u^er^ ^ September. Uei. .

ACADIAN FBENCH.

S21

it. Governor Belcher to Lord Egremont.

Halifax, 9th January, 1762.

ance from His Majest3,auu Lawrence; and

this Province in the Gulph °}f^^^^^^^^^ ^f small vessels
there having taken up Arms, and b^ the ^eans ^^^^

infested the navigation of ^^^E"^ J^j thought it my duty
depredations on His Majesty's ^^J^.^^'lT/^f""! 'event the
to bestow all the «^ttention I couW to c^eck a^^ ^^^

further progress of ^'I'^^^/^'^^cTS Roderick McKenzie of
i,g received an account f^^^^ ^^ Fort Cumber-

Montgomery's H KhlanOers wiio practicable, I gave

land, that an attempt °*J^''^? Vessels on board of which
directions for equipping ^^/^.^^J"^ 'ops proceeded about
Captain M^^S^;" trplafe o tirr'r^n'dezvous, where
the end of October, to ^"^^ P^*. , . persons including

he surprised «f «^h?^dred & E^hty s^ven pe ^^^^fe

Men, Women & Ctnldren. Of tta numoer b ^^^^

thre; huiKlred and thirty five, as man) a8ju>cou ^^^^^

Season of the y^^'^/^^^^^^pd to come Tn when it shall be
their submission, and promised to come in ^^ » ♦ ♦ *

thought proper or convenient to requ^s Ut ^^^.^^^

I Lg leave to '^eP''^^^"* *° i>°^'of the Acadi^u^ in this
these persons t^re are many^^^^^^^^^^^ ,,,,,elves, are

Province, who altho t^ey fa^°f ^ ^^ opportunity, either by

yet over --f ^J ^fp^/J^t o f?om hopes of stirring up the
assistance from the ireuch, or iro v settlements lately
Indians to disturb and distress t no no f^^tly well con-
made, and those "^ /"™"^ ^mLI b^lmviour and disposi-
vinced, from the who e ^"'^"ViJ^l^to £ Province become
tiou, that they cannot with any safety to this rovi^
again the inhabitants of it.

"" JONATHAN BELCHER.
The Right Honble. JON A 1 liA«

The Earl of Egremont

deiUring his inability to control 'he Ind>an» He^ h ^ ^X^^ .^ j,-^

with 80 Indian famihe., and d^ed at b t^ * ran jtf,„i„„ 168, qmUd

B»pt. <>» Mian '■f <"*"'/■ /Jf)£lZs.\ol. 2, 422. if. S, OyuncQ ilx»-
hi Ed of N. r. Doc. ilwdochi Uttt./il.i>.,y<»- , ^

i2<t, 21 Sfi>t., 1761. ,

322

KOTA BCOTIA DOCUMESTS.

It a Council holdeu at H+ifex on Monday the 22d March

1762. PBtSENT —

The Honble. the I^ieutenant Governor.

The Honble. Jno. Collier,
Chae. Morns,

llichd.jBulkeley, I CouncU
Alexr. Grant,
Edmd. Crawley,
Hen. Newton.

lOADlAN KUENCH.

323

ilea. iNewiuii. j

Quebec— „ Quebec, 20th Sept, 1761.

Sib,—

^'^'^Having had General A^erst^Di^^^i^^^^^

poBe, I Bent some tune *g° '*f;X„s tbere.^as also of those
^count of the ""'S^^I^^^Btvrot that part of the Country,
dispersed in the .^f^f^^Ku^ber considerably less than I
''By his Report, I find ^^."""r'e departed from thence
-,„,agined, and that -^btt^wtl it -ay be supposed, to
to Beausejour and If «'^'^Our|, fa j , ^j^g^^

tbe Countenance and f^^^ Somite to General Amherst'.

.<As this IS d'amemcaUy oppoBi^* j^^^^ i„ ^^^

Views and the orders he If 6';^^\°,°' Jer parts of Canada,
to their being ««ttled som^here m the ^P^t^^^^dinary need^
least the Government sho^d be put to ^^^ ^^
less Expence, I am to request you j. -^ j^ Nov«

way of the Lakes, ^^hethet you propose et^^^^^^^^ g^^^ ^^^

Scotia, for in that case f.^fj^^^'^u permit their Removal
among you : the n»«-«y^J"f ,^1^ to thek iu -H succeeding

Sir
Your ipost obedi. & "^oBt^ljamMe ^e^vt^ „

.J». Belcher Esq. ,

Lieut. Gov. of Novfc Scotia.

The Council did thereupon Advise that Genera Murray
should be acquainted, that ft was by no moans thought conve-
nient or safe, by the Government, to give Sett ements to the
icadians, mentioned in his Letter, in th s Province ; and that
fhey were here to be disposed of according to the directions
of LTeral Amherst, or agreeable to His Majesty^s pleasure.

» ♦ * I *.

J. DUPOBT, Sect Con:

At a Council holden at Halifax on Monday the 26th July

PRESEJiT —

The Honble. the Lieutenant Governor.
The Honble. Jno. Collier,

Chas. Morris,

Richd. Bulkeley,

Alexr. Grant, S- Councls,

Edmd, Crawley,

Hen. Newton,*

Michl. Prancklin.

Tlie Lieut. Governor desired the Council to take into Con-
Sideratk.n,the present Circumstances of the Province, from
?he number of Acadians in many parts of it, and particularly
the arge Body of them now in this Town; and to give him
their Opinion of the tittest measures to be taken at this Time,
for the Security and Safety of the Province.

The Council took the same under Consideration accord-
ingly and were of Opinion that so long a Continuance of so

'\tTreZl'.TZ^n.TA%:Zc^^^^^ b. G-nor Belcher 2^ 00..

the Army whoso -^aj^™/- Vd ed'^n-Ir^einnd.''"^^^^^^^ m'arried the

of Nova Scotia-, and Thomas, wno <"??•» Maunsel Newton, of Halifix. wa.

^vrdro^rK^ ~-^^^^^^^ ^y^o.. ^. i^....

ef JHtUfieU, Mat*. Coancil Books of X. D.

324

KOVA SCOTiIa. DOCtrMEKTa.

•reat a number of the Acadiaps as J-""^. '^' ^^[i,t" Sfd
S^en" a"y ilf Effectrth^ n,igl.t arise f-m the^ -re

fMsmmm

able Quantity of ^-^-^r^^^.'^' i^tT^^^^eSer.t
Time the necessity of drawmg all tue ^'^''°P* «. «, n f
milfiiTT had stripped the new Settlements so ettectuaiiy oi

ACADIAN PBENCH.

325

in Ike whole to one Irandred Men, there «M no Protection to
L:J oftoSettlement., the Interior mrt.ot the Conntry^^^^^^

Ssi; ^d'hrsTt-xer .^ro«^^^^^^

hundred and fifty of the Settlers have on this Alarm quitted

HH:^re7^s:"'tiL'S:r>rrrir=

tj,p rnnncil are of Opinion that in this Time of danger, it is
aW?utely necessary immediately to Transport the said Aca.

!? J ^^SiaS'S "o^'cor^p. «,

zk r„tir. :'»!Seit''«Jr.nihe3iL

Massachusetts is nearest uuj*..m. - T-" " ^„ ti^em to be
Lieutenant Governor would be pleased to cause tnemio u
t;ansported to that Province with all convenient dispatch.

Jno. Dupoet, Sec. Con.

At a Council holden at Halifax on Thursday the 5th August

Present —
The Honble. the Lieutenant Governor.
The Honble. Jno. Collier, 1

Chas. Morris,

Richd. Bulkeley, |^ Councs.
Edmd. Crawley,
Hen. Newton,
Michl. Francklin. _,
The Lieutenant Governor desired the Council would give

326

NOTA SCO'

iTIA

DOCnUGNTB.

bim their Opinion and Advic^, Whether, upon the Arrival of
the Acadian Prisoners at Boston, they should be discharged
and set at liberty, or Whether they should be continued in
Custody, to be disposed of as General Amherst should think

E roper: And for this purpose the Lieutenant Governor laid
efore the Council, the wliol^ Correspondence between hiiH
and the General, relative to the Acadians in this Province, the
same being contained in the following Letters, which were
read and ordered to be Enter* d, vizt.,

" SlR,-

' New York, 22d March 176L

" Your Dispatch of the 2^tli February reached my Hands
last Night ; I have nothing m<)re at heart than the Advantage
and Security of the Province of Nova Scotia ; If the removal
of the Acadians still remaining within the same could add to
either, I should be the first tc^ advise their Expulsion ; but as
under the new Circumstances of that valuable and flourishing
Province, I do not see that it i can have any thing to fear or
apprehend from those Acadians, but on the contrary that
great Advantages might be re&pt in employing them properly :
I must own I should incline (owards letting them remain in
the Province under proper Rdgulations & Restrictions.

•' Another motive that induces me to lean on that side is,
that their Transportation to England must bo a heavy burthen
on the Publick, and their Maintenance when there, a still
greater ; I would therefore Irecommend it to you, prior to
taking any further Steps herejipon, to represent these, and any
other Considerations that shall occur to you to His Majesty's
Ministers, and to wait the King's pleasure thereupon.

" I am much obliged to YoiJ for Mr. Morris' Map of the Pen-
iiiajila of your Province ; it iii not yet come to my Hands, Mr.
Hancock having thought it to ) bulkey to send it by Post ; but
acquaints me that he forwarded it in a Vessel bound to this

Port.

Mr. President Belcher.

I am with g^eat regard
Sr
Your mjost obedient

humble servant

(Siglied) JEFF. AMHERST."

ACADIXN FRENCH.

827

Utid. Govt. Belcher to Oeneral Amherst.

" Halifax, Nova Scotia, 15th April, 1761,

« giK

« By this Opportunity I don't doubt that Colonel Forster
has laid before Your Excellency, the Informations he has
received relating to the hostile Designs of tj>e n}»°»«'-o";.f ^^J
of Acadians at Ristigouch, and the neighboring payt« , "»
fitting out Piratical Vessels to Cruiae on His Majesty s bub
jects,^and that the Lord ColyiU is now taking the mos^ effec-
tual methods to frustrate their Designs. But I think it mj
nd!s™ensable Duty to represent to Your Excellency my Appr^
hensions for the Settlements which are to be established this
Summer in the District of Chignecto.

"The Acadians have at all times ^l^Ylv\ Uih^.
attempt any thing agtiinst the present Establishment ot this
Province: L I ttinf in this new Instance tl-Y have g-- ^^
fresh proof of this Disposition, joined with ^ I'^gJ, j^ and
Obstinacy; for notwithstanding the Conquest of Canada and
S mild Treatment and Indulgencies shewn to those who have
surrendered themselves, they have not ""'^ "^°J ™^;"^i ^J
prevent the Indians in their Neighbourhood from making
Ce, but are now forming desperate Designs, which cannot
be imputed to a necessity of procuring Provisions, as they
know that on their Submission, they would receive Suppbes of
that sort And I beg leave further to remark to Your Excel-
en ; that none of t^.e Acadians have ever -ade voluntary
Submission, but on the contrary, their wants and Terrors only
Save reduced them to it, of which there's an Instance from
some of tliem remaining at the Village St. Ann's on St. John «
River, to the amount of Forty, who have yet made no Offers
of Surrender, as they are subsisted through the means ofjhe
Indians there, and whom, according to some well grounded
Intelligences I have lately received, not long since, they Have
been exciting to mischievous, tho' vain Attempts.

'■ Besides the reasons I have already offered to yo«' «" , why
Attempts from these People are to be fear'd, there yet remans
one of some weight, which is that there are many amongst the
Icadians at Restigouch, who were formerly >" PO^^.^^^^.^^ «f
some of those Lands in the District ot Chignecto, and as thej
have not yet lost hopes of regaining them through Notions
which they have received from Priests and Frenchmen, I think
U at least probable that they will disturb the beginning of
Ihese Settlements, in which case, the loss of two or three

M^ -^i^

328

NOVA SC^A DOCUMENTS.

Lives, will strike such Teripr as may not only intimidate and
drive away the People of Three Townships, but may also

S-eatly obstruct the Settljements in other parts. The late
overnor was so sensible {of the necessity of receiving the
new People in perfect Secnrity, that he postponed the Estab-
lishment of these Settlements last year, until a Time of Safety
might offer.

" I have made Represeiitations to the Ministry of what
relates to the Acadians, and as it is a matter of great Impor-
tance to that Share of His Majesty's Service which falls under
my care, I apply, Sir, to you for such means as may be suffi-
cient to ward off any threatening danger, and think myself
happy in making this Application where there is so much
r Zeal for the Public Good, and for the Welfare of this Province
in particular.

" I have the Honor t|o be with the greatest
Respect

Sir
Your Excjellency's most obedient

and most devoted Servant,

His Excellency Major
General Amherst

(Signed)

.( I

JONATH: BELCHER."

Major General Sir Jeff\, Amherst to Chvernor Bdcher.
" New York, 28th. April, 1761.

*****! ha-^^e sent your Despatches to Captain
Tonge who takes Manac tpe Priest with him when he sails
from hence. * * * * *

" I can't say I am under any Apprehensions for the Settle-
ments which are to be estahlished this Summer in the District
of Chignecto ; the number of Regular Troops with the Rang-
ing Companies still remaining in tlie Province of Nova Scotia,
can certainly furnish whatever may be wanted for the Protec-
tion of those Settlements.

" The Acadians may not be so thoroughly well disfwsed, as I
could wish, but I expect a different behaviour from them,
than what has yet appeared, for they have never been in the
Scituation they are now Jn, and they can hardly be mad
enough to attempt any thine against the Establishment of the
Province at this Time, if they are, they must be made to
suffer for it as they deservd.

ACADIAN FBENCB.

329

" The Settlements in the beginning must not be permitted to
be disturbed, but must bo protected with great Care, that no
Terror may creep in amongst them, and frighten the People
from their Townships.

" Colonel Forster shall have my directions to have a particu-
lar regard to the Quiet and Safety of the new Settlers, in
furnishing any Troops that may be wanted for that purpose.
I am with great regard, Sir,

Your most obedient humble Servant,

(Signed) JEFF. AMHERST."
Honourable

Mr. President Belcher.

The Lieutenant Governor also informed the Council that in
consequence of General Amherst's first Letter, dated the 22d
March 1761, he had wrote to their Lordships of the Board of
Trade on the Subject of the removal of the Acadians out of
this Province, in answer to which they had informed him that
it appeared to them to be a very untoward Circumstance, in
the present State of the Province, but that as the Subject
was in the Department of His Majesty's Secretary of State,
their Lordships referred the Lieutenent Governor for direc-
tions from the Secretary of State, to whom Copies we're trans-
mitted by their Lordships of such of the Lieutenant Gover-
nor's Letters, and the Papers received with them, as related
to that Subject.

The Council having taken the same into Consideration and
having referred to the Minutes of Council of the 20th Feb-
ruary 1761, the 22d March 1762, and the 17th May 1762,
relative to the said Acadians in this Province, were unani-
mously of Opinion, that the said Acadian Prisoners, upon their
Arrival at Boston, should be still detained in Custody, to be
disposed of as General Amherst should think proper to direct.

Jho. Dopobt, Sec : Con :

SlB,-

Sir Jeffery Amherst to Oovernor Belcher.

New Yobk, 30th August, 1762.

By an Express from Boston I was last night favored with
your Letter of the 12th Instant, and its several enclosures ;
And at the same time learn from Mr. Hancock that Five
Transports, with Accadians, were arrived at that place.

830

NOVA SdOTU DOCUMENTS.

Altho' I can't help tliiiiking that these People might have
been kept in proper subjection while the Troops remained in
Nova Scotia, yet I must own I am glad you have taken the
measures for removing them, as they might have become
troublesome when the Province was drained of the forces,
which I have been obliged to employ on a very essential
service : I doubt not but you have wrote to Governor
Bernard concerning them; but I shall by the return of the
Express, desire he be pleased to dispose of the Acadians in
such a manner as he judges best, in the Province of the
Massachusetts Bay, wherq tliey must remain for the present,
taking care to seperate tliem as much as possible, to prevent

schief,

as well as Returning to their Old

their doing any misc
Habitations.

I could have wished tiat those who inhabited the back
parts of the Province, hac been sent to Canada, agreeable to
Govr. Murrays request, liy which means you would not only
have saved the expense ol bringing them down the country at
this time, but have been eased of any dread from that quarter.

I am persuaded that neither the Accadians, Canadians or
Indians, had any knowledge of the intentions of the Enemy
who have been landed at Newfoundland: how far their
success at St. John's might have tempted them to establish a
Correspondence with the jneighbouring Indians & Accadians
is uncertain : but I flatter myself they will be effectually
prevented from carrying ajny plan of that kind into execution,
by the arrival of the ship^ under Lord Colvill, and the Troops
tinder Lt. Colonel Amherst. * * . * * _

The protection of the valuable Colony of Nova Scotia
certainly cannot be too much attended to, but at this time
when we know where the Enemys Force is, and that it is
absolutely necessary to Jhave them dislodged before the
Winter sets in. I think jf any single man of war arrives at
Halifax and that you ha\^e no certain advice of Lord Covills
being superior to the Fijench Fleet the Captain should be
ordered immediately to Jjoyn His Lordship : From the steps
that have been taken to gend advice to Sir George Peacocke
and Admiral Rodney as Well as to England of the enemys
being at Newfoundland, Ij am persuaded We shall soon have
ships sufficient not only for the protection of the Northern
Bettlements, but for that ojf the Coast in General.

I enclose a letter for My Lord Colvill, with one for Lt.
Colonel Amherst, which irequire no particular dispatch ; but
as I imagine there may be opportunitys from Halifax of for-

AOADIAN FRENCH.

SSI

warding them, I must beg the favor you will send them by
the first occasion that may offer. * * *

I am, with great regard.
Sir

Your most obedient

Humble Servant,
Honble Lt. Govr. Belcher. JEFF : AMHERST.

Indorsed— Heed, by inelosure from Mr. Hancock 18 Sept. 1762. Answered
22 Octr.

Extract of the first two paragraphs respecting the Acadians sent to the
Earl of Egremont and Lords of Trade, 18 Oct., 1762, by the Minerva Frigate.
Do. sent Do. in Duplicate letters 18 Oct. by

Extract from two first paragraphs sent to Lds. of Trade 7 Sept. 1762 by
Cap Brett.

Extract from Governor Belcher'8 Letter to Sir Jeffery Amherst,
dated 12th August, 1762.

I shall give orders to the transports to proceed to Boston,
& there remain with the people on board, until they receive
your Excy's directions for the disposal of them, & that thej'
may lye in that Harbour under the Command of the Castlo
until that time, as they are treated as prisoners, I presume it
may be indifferent in what part of the King's dominions they
are detained, provided they are much inferior in number to
the Inhabitants whose superiority may keep them in awe, <fe I
would hope, that this measure can little interfere with your
Excellency's views of settling some of the Acadians in the
Upper parts of Canada, as General Murray informed in his
letter of 20 September last.

At a Council holden at Halifax on Monday the 1 8th October
1762.

Present- -

The Honble. the Lieutenant Governor.
The Honble. Jno. Collier,
^ Chas. Morris,

Richd. Bulkeley,

Alexr. Grant, \- Councls.

Edmd. Crawley,

Heny. Newton,

Michl. Francklin.

The following Report of the Committee appointed on Tues

332

SOTA S3(mA DOCUiraKTS.

day last was read and unlaniniously approved by the Board,
and Ordered to be Entered, vizt.

" Halifax, 18th October, 1762.

" The Committee of Coiincil appointed to enquire into the
Motives which occasioned the Return of the Transports with
the Acadians from Boston^ do Report as follows.

" 1st. That it having ajppeared indispensably necessary for
the Safety of this Province, to remove the Acadians from
thence at a time when thje Enemy were in possession of St
John's in Newfoundland with a considerable Force, they were
accordingly put on board several Transports in this Harbour,
from whence they sailed in the beginning of August to
Boston.

" 2d. That the Lieutenant Governor had by Letter ac-
quainted Sir Jeffery Amherst of this Proceeding, and acquaint-
ed him farther that they were to remain in the Harbour of
Boston until his pleasurje concerning the disposal of them
could be known ; and had also wrote to Governor Bernard
requesting of him, that hfe would permit the Transports to lie
under the Guns of CastM William for the further directions of
Sir Jeffery Amherst, anc( that all necessary Charges were to
be defrayed by Mr. Hancbck, to whom the Lieutenant Gover-
nor had wrote to that purpose, acquainting him that the
Transports were to remain in the Harbour of Boston, until
further Orders could arrive from Sir Jeffery Amherst.

" 3d. That Sir Jeffery Amherst had, by Letter to the Lieu-
tenant Governor, approved of what had been done with the
Acadians ; and that Mr. Hancock had acknowledged the Re-
ceipt of the Lieutenant ■ Governor's Letter, acquainting him
the Transports would immediately be Ordered under the Guns
of Castle William, and that he would discharge what Expences
might attend them ; thetie appeared also another Letter from
Mr. Hancock to the Secretary of the Province, and to the
same purpose, particularly that he would pay the necessary
Expences on this occasion.

" 4th. It appeared fr(^m the Votes of the House of Repre-
sentatives of the Massachusetts Bay, that in consequence of Sir
Jeffery Amherst's Letter to Governor Bernard, the Governor
had recommended to th^ General Assembly to make a Tem-
porary Settlement for ^e Acadians, but that they had abso-
lutdy refused it, and requested that the Governor would not
permit them to Land : of which Vote Sir Jeffery Amherst was

informed by Mr. Hancock by a Letter of 17th September ;

AOADIAH PBENCH.

833

that Sir Jeffery Amherst had further wrote to Governor Ber-
nard on this matter, hoping that the General Assembly would
reconsider their Votes, and make provision for disposmg of
those People ; but by Mr. Hancock's letter to the Lieutenant
Governor of 29th September, it appears that before the Gene-
ral's letter, soUiciting a reconsideration of the Vote, had
arrived, the General Assembly had been prorogued.

"5th. It appeared that Captain Brooks Commandnig the
Convoy of Transports, having been directed by Instructions
from the Lieutenant Governor, to follow the orders and direc-
tions of Governor Bernard, and Advise with Mr. Hancock, he
had accordingly applied for Orders to the Governor, who
acquainted him, that according to the desire of the General
Assembly, he could not permit the landing of the Acadians,
nor could he give him any Orders, but directed him to receive
his Orders from Mr. Hancock, who advised him to return to
Halifax, for that he had no Authority to supply any Provi-
sions for the Transports in case they were to remain any
longer ; and it further appeared that Mr. Hancock disapproved
of Captain Brooks's Proposal to send Expresses to Sir Jeffery
Amherst, or to the Lieutenant Governor, on account of the
Expence of the Transports being longer detained, and his
want of power to furnish Provisions. , ^ „ ,

" Upon the whole the Committee are of Opinion that full and
explicit Orders were given to Mr. Hancock, to supply the said
Acadians with Provisions and all necessaries till the final de-
termination of Sir Jeffery Amherst in what manner they
should be disposed of, under whose more immediate direction

they were. . _ . j r n

" That Mr. Hancock being Agent for this Province and fully
acquainted with the purpose & Intentions of sending the
said Acadians to New England, as they had been kept here
only as Prisoners of War ; and as he well knew the dangersto
which this Province was exposed by their Residence here, We
are further of Opinion that he bad neglected the Interest and
Safety of this Province, which the Lieutenant Governor had
reposed in him, by discouraging the Proposal made by Cap-
tain Brooks of sending a fresh Express, and waiting for fur-
ther Orders from Sir Jeffery Amherst, or sending an fixpress
to the Lieutenant Governor of this Province ; and particu-
larly by declaring to Captain Brooks that he was not empow-
ered to furnish him with any thing but such little Expences as
might occur till Sir Jeffery Amherst's pleasure could be
known, as appears by Capt. Brooks's own Declaration, and by

334

NOVA SCOTIA DOCtniENTS.

precipitately advising and jperswading Captain Brooks to fe*
turn with the Acadians badk into this Province, to the great
danger thereof, and Distress of all its Inhabitants.

" By all which Management, the Public has incurred a very
considerable and fruitless Bxpence, and Sir Jeffery Amherst's
intention for the disposal of those Prisoners has, for the pres-
ent, been intirely baflBed, apd his Expectations disappointed,
as appears by Mr. Hancock's Letter 5th October, wherein he
says the General has signified that he hoped the Province of
the Massachusetts had taken the Acadians, and that an End
was put to that affair." * # # #

Jno. Ddpobt, Sec. Con.

Governor Bdcher to Lord Egremont, Secretary of State.

Halifax, Nova Scotia,
I 20th October, 1762.

My Lord, —

* * * * The (irisoliers became more submissive
to Government, and desis|ted from their hostile measures ;
yet upon tiie first notice of |the enemy's invasions on the coast
of Newfoundland, tlieir insolence broke out afresh, to the
terror of the Inhabitants, fis will be under your Lordship's
notice, by the representatii)ns of the legislative body of the
Province, and minutes of ^ council of war, copies whereof I
have the honor to transmil) to your Lordship. Among other
precautions for the safety of the province, in a time of so
much seeming danger fron» the Enemy, it was considered as
of instant necessity, that these Acadians should be removed,
and they were accordingly. My Lord, transported to the
Massachusetts Government, under address to the Governor
for their remaining there, ^r the pleasure of His Excellency
General Amherst, as Prisoners of War. The General, having
approved of their removal, as by the extract from His Excel-
lency's Letter humbly presented, recommended the Disposal
of them to that Government, where, by the House of Assembly,
they were refused permission to land, and were with great
precipitation sent back t© this Province, before General
Amherst's final resolution ' could be known, contrary to the
very candid and earnest rjecommendation of His Excellency
Governor Bernard, for their being received in the Massachu-
setts. This disappointment, My Jjord, to a very essential

AOaDTAN FRENCH.

336

branch of His Majesty's Service, and ofihe necessary and
great expence of their transportation, I committed to the
Deliberations of His Majesty's Council of this Province, whoso
opinion, together with the several Facts in the letters and
P^apers' leading to it, I beg permission humbly to lay before
yoiir Lordship, as Well in ustification of Government upon
this occasion, as for being under the favor of your Lordship s
Consideration, for the future security of the Province, against
the exasperated minds of this disaffected set of people, thro
their repeated expulsions, and for the quiet and pvogress of
the new settlements, in being freed from the fears of the r
dispositions and attempts by themselves and the Savage, to
distress the more exposed Townships m their possessions and
Improvements. * ^ ^ord &c.*

The Right Honble. JONATHAN BELCHER.

The Earl of Egrement,
Ac. &c. <fec.

Governor Belcher to Board of Trade.

Halifax,

Nova Scotia,

j 21st October, 1762,

My Lords,—

In my last address 7th September (Duplicate whereot
with the Laws of the last Session and Copies of the I apers
therein humbly referred to, is now presented) I had the honor
of laying before your Lordships, the Measures of Govern-
ment, in the threatening danger to the Province by the neigh-
bourhood of tha Enemy at Newfoundland for removing the
Acadians. I have the satisfaction humbly to apprise your
Lordships, that this proceeding was approved by His ^xcel-
lency General Amherst, as will be before you. My Lords by
the Extract from his Letter to me which I have the honor to
present. In the midst of the General's expectations lor land-
ing and disposing these people in the Massachusetts Goyern-
mlnt, the most precipitate means were used to send them
back to this Province, and to defeat the General's humane
intentions to us in not permitting them to return to their old
habitations, and thereby frustrating the great expense of their
transportation. I conceived it my Lords, to be immediately
necessary to commit this proceeding to the examination and

33« NOVA SCOT^ DOCnMENTS.

opinion Of His Majesty's Council whose Reso^^^^^^^^^^^^
hLbly Bubmitted together ..A Co^^b ^^l -^

^veral Letters and Paper, upon^^ exceedingly lament so
founded, i cannoi, my ^ J" •' . +i : Qoyernment, and at a

.,„,e of Ihor I^'^'P-'Jl"," £''.'S»ST.m„ved there

"^K-'cSrof"!" 'i'^»chu,e.U A»embly,X »-
especially the Ag»' .»P»° '>&' °?°"'r;„ et"™ by ymr

toger. to be dreaded f"l» "« '7* £r»p.Ttho Ihea

zEieri HF«^^ ---'

much to be wished, that t^J^y^J^t^t "^ it ^ifl be in their
the Peninsula, because uijil that is do°«' ^^ J^'^\ however
power, by the knowledge they ^^^7. f^^^^ ^^e outsettlements,
Lall their numbers to distress and harrass the o ^^^

and even His Majesty's Troops, so as greatly
establisbment of the Colony.

A.C19IAN PBENCH.

«T

Lords, General Amherst's sentiments

Addresses to your' Lordships and His M^esty's Secretary of
State, with such further intelligence as may appear to be
necessary for finally deciding upon a subject so interesting to
His Majesty's future Service in the Province. As the Gene-
ral, my Lords, did so fully approve the removal of these Aca-
tlians as Prisoners of War,-f-flatter myself, that His Excellep-
«v will not object to the payment of their transportation, m
the Military method, by Bills and Certificates on the Navy
Board, to save the trouble of *ny applications to Parliament.

I have the honor &c.

i JONATHAN BELCHER.

The liords Commissioners

for Trade and Plantations,

Extrad from the Mlnata of the Proceedings of Ihe Lords
Commissioners of Trade and Plardaiions.

[09PY.]

DECEarBER 3d, 1762.

Their Lordships upon consideration of that part of Mr.

Belchers letter of 26th October 1762, which relates to the

removal of the Acadians, were of opinion that the whole of

this measure both in respect to the refusal of the Uov. ot

Massachusetts Bay to admit the said Acadians into that pro--

vince, and to the future disposition of them is entirely withm

the department of the Secretary of State for such directions

as he shall think proper to give. Tiieir Lordships, however

could not but be of opinion, that however expedient it might

have been to have removed them at a time when the linter^--

prizesof the Enemy threatened danger to the province, and

It was weakened by the Employment of great part ot the

troops stationed there upon another service, yet as that danger

is now over and hostilities between the two nations have

ceased, it was neither necessary nor politic to remove them,

as they might, by a proper disposition, promote the interest

of the Colony and be made useful membes of Society agree-

338

jro7A

able to wliat appears to Ii|b
tis letter to the Lt. Govr,

sconA DoctrKEms.

the sentiments of General Amherst in
Entered uiwn the miButes of Council.

Secretary Biilkdey to Joshua Window.
(Jitter Bo<A. }

Halifax, 22 February, 1763.
Sir,—

The Lieutenant Governor desires that the inclos'd may be
transmitted to you, setting forth a Complaint against some of
the inhabitants who have unjustly withheld what was due to
the Acadians. If these ^jeople do not immediately discharge
their debts due on this Occasion, Colonel Forster vnW forbii
their working for the future, and the Lieutenant Governor
desires that the names of the persons so indebted may be
transmitted to him tljat proper measurea may be taken to pre-
vent sucb injustice for the future.

I am &c.

To Joshua Winslow, Esq
at Port Cumberland.

RICHn. BtJLKELET,

X Uxtracfa from Minutes 'of a Council hdden at Halifax on
Tuesday^ the 5th July, 1763.

The Ijeutenant Govcrijior laid before the Council a Letter
from Mr. Henry Green dated at Port Frederick on St. John'*
River, setting forth that hiany of the Acadians had taken pos-
session of Lands on that River, and had disputed the posses-
sion with several EnglijBh Settlers, and behaved in many
respects with Insolence.

And at the same time <he Lieutenant Governor acquainted
the Covncil that he had the Opinion of the Lords of Trade
a^inst the general remoival of the Acadians from this Fro-
Tince.

Extract from a Letter df the Earl of Halifax to Montague
Wilmot, Oovernor of Nova Scotia.

St. Jambh's, Novr. 2&th, 1763,

Having lately receiVed
Letter from Jonathan Belcher

and laid before The King, a
, Esq., of the 25th of August,

ACADIAK FBENCH.

339

inclosine some Extracts of the Minutes of the Council of
Nova Scotia, by which it appears that the French have been
endeavouring thro the Agency of a certain Monsieur de la
Roclette, (who is said to be a Clerk to the Duke of Nivernois)
toTnveigie the French Acadians who remain m tliat Province,
and persuade them to return to France I herewith transmit to
You a Copy of the Letter, by which I have sigmhed His Ma-
jesty's Cc^Lands to His Ambassador at Pans to make imme-
^diate Remonstrance to the French Ministers ''PJ'" /^^'^ .^^^ *"
ordinary Proceeding. By that Letter You will be fully m-
formed^of His Majesty's Sense of these ""dediand Practices
and of His Resolution to prevent their taking Eifect. You
will, therefore, consider it as Your Duty to keep the mo^t
watchfull Eve on the Persons who have been employed in this
secret Negotiation, and to take every lawful! means of pre-
venting any of the French Acadians from being clandestinely
withdrawn from His Majesty's Government

But necessary as it is, on the one Hand, to put n Stop to the
Seduction, and secret Removal, of these His Majesty's Sub-
jects it seems but just & reasonable on the other that Care
ihouid b^Lken to .K.vide proper Settlements for Them a
much to Their own Satisfaction as may be, consistently with
the publick Safety. By the Correspondence in my Office, this
Matter appears to have been under the Consideration of Sir
Jeffery Amherst, General Murray, and the Government of
Nova Scotia in 1761, and You will see by the inclosed Cop^s
of Letters between The Governor of Quebec, and the la e
Lieutenant Governor Belcher, that a Resolution was actually
taken to remove all the Acadians remaining in Nova bcotia
and settle them in some distant District of Canada As I
have no further Account of the Progress of that Measut^,
which appears to me the most prudent and proper that couM
be devKfor disposing of these People to ^dvjteg« J mu«
desire You to lose no Time in informing me of the Reasons
upon which the Execution of it was laid aside ; What is the
Number, and present Situation, of the French Acadmns
Sin Your Government? What are the present Intentions
of Yourself, and Your Council, with respect to those People?
nnd whether in Your Judgment, They may, with equal feafety
^nS greater Satisfaction to Themselves be settled in any other
Province, than that of Quebec ?

340

4'-»

HOTA SCOTIA D0CUHEHT3.

Ooverncyr l^ilmot* to Board of Trade.

Halifax,

Nova Scotia,

10th December, 1763,
My LoRDS,-

Since my arrival here I have received Letters dated at
London from a person named Jacques Robins, who calls him-
self a protestant, andj mentions a considerable possession of
Lands at Mirimichy in the River St. Lawrence, which he says
he is to obtain from the King. I enclose copies of these
Letters for your Lordships perusal ; at the same time he trans-
mitted Letters to the leading persons among the Acadians
inviting them in the strongest terms from all quarters wherein
dispersed to collect themselves at Mirimichy to settle on those
Lands, of which for their encouragement he assures them of a
very ample distribution, and a sufficient supply of provisions.
He advises them to cultivate a perfect intercourse with all the
Indians, and as the highest inducement he can offer, he assures
them of the free exercise of their religion ; for which purpose
they are to build a Chapel, and that he will do his utmost to
bring with him a Pre|nch Priest named Mauach. This Man
Manach has formerly been a Missionary from France amongst
these people ; and his furious Zeal in Religion and Politics
became so turbulent and he althogether so negligent of any
decorum, that the Government of this Province about two
years ago, found it highly necessary to Arrest and send him to
Europe in one of the King's Ships ; but I find his zeal is not
abated, for he has, in the most pressing manner, wrote to the
leading Acadians, entneating them to use their supplications
with the Government |for his return, and promising to quit his
habit and wear that of a layman, on condition of such a liberty.

As these letters ha|e come to my hands, I thought it my
Duty to take this notice of them to your Lordships, and at the
same time to submit U> your Judgment the following Observa-
tions on any such project.

That the people who are to form this "Settlement are a very
i

* Montague Wilmot succeeded Mr. Belcher as Lieut. Governor in 1763, and
iras Bworn in GoTernor-in-Chief May 31st, 1764, on the resignation of Mr.
Ellis, who liad been appointed but never assumed the goremment of the Pro-
vince. Mr. Wilmot became Lieut. Colonel in the Army in April, 1755, and
served for a short time under Governor Lawrence who sent him with a party of
100 men to Fort Camberlanil in 1766. In 1758 he was in command of Warbur-
ton's Regiment of foot (the 45th). Governor Wilmot died at Halifax on 23rd
May, 1766. N. S. Council Books ; Army Li$U.

ACADIAH FEEKCH.

341

numerous people, and in the highest degree bigotted to France
Jud^the Church of Rome. They hold a strong confederacy
w"th the Indians and in proportion to these attachments their
Antipathy to the English is very high.

This place of Settlement would be very advantageous for
them to pursue every scheme which could be if^.i^ed^ftely or
hereafter beneficial to France, and to the detnment of His
Majesty's Subjects ; for I conceive, My Lords that the French
King would find these people a numerous, active, zealous, and
fteldy body of Subjects, for the employment of whom on
Sture enterprises, it 'would be very easy to lodge considerable
^uintities of Military Stores, and effectually oo«ceal ^
in the mean time, their siUiation for the .>'?P°'.t?tu)n of French
commodities would be most inviting with ^^ich whilst they
supplied our Colonies, to the great detriment of the English
Se; they would be enabled to make large returns to
France, in Furs obtained partly by their own Industry, and
their wide extended intercourse with the Indians.

I have, Ac,
The Right Honourable . M. WILMOT.

The Lords Commissioners

for Trade and Plantations.

Governor Wilmot to Lord Halifax.

Halifax, Nova Scotia,
I 28th January, 1764.

^^ Sri had the honour of writing to y°^'^^{;«[<i,^tii^^^^^^
10th of last month, I have received information t.^ft^e Aca-
dians in this Province, have transferred a Memorial to be laid
before the King of France, setting forth their desire to be
moved from hence, and that if their *^.PPl;°*''«^/^^ • "^""J
with an unfavorable reception, the v will then be willing to
take the Oaths of Allegiance to the King. I^«'? ^^^^C
I beg your Lordships directions, that I may be 'f t^^^^Xt^
to act in such an event, and beg leave to repeat here ^at I
observed on the same subject in my last letter to your Lord-
ship that these people would be perhaps most useful, and
leS mischievous^to feis Majesty's ---ican Dominions were
they settled on some of the last conquered Islands m the We.t

Iiidies. , .

I have, &c.,

The Right Honble. ' ^ ^ M. WV^MOT.

The Earl of Halifax, <fec., Ac, &c. ^

-taaalM

41*

NOTA 8COTU OOGXIKSSSXB.

Lord Hatifax to Oovernor Wihnot.

St. James's, Peby. 11th, 1764.

^^"'Tn my Letter of ihe 26th of November last. I transmitted
to You the Copy of the Letter by which I signified The King a
Pleasure to His Ambassador at Paris to make Remonstrances
to the French Ministers on. the Intelligence given roe by the
late Lieutenant Governor Belcher that Endeavours had been
used through the Agpncy of the Sieirr de la Rochette (who
was said to be a CleA to The Due de Niveraois) to seduce
away the Acadians frpm your Government, & persuade them

to return to Prance. „ , vt 1 1 1

Prom the Knowledge which I have of that Nobleman s
Character, I was from the first persuaded that he was incapa-
ble of being concerned in so dishonourable a Proceeding.
And I have now the Satisfaction to acquaint You that I have
received a Letter from His Grace containing the Strongest
Assurances of his being entirely innocent, and ignorant, ot
any such Attempt, apd considering the very Suspicion as m-
jurious to His Honour. I have, also, at His Grace's Desire
interrogated the Sieur de la Rochette, who posihvely denies
having ever written a Line to any Acadian m Nova Scotia,
either with, or without, The Duke of Nivernois's Orders
But having been employed by that Nobleman to transact the
Removal of a Number of Acadians who were brought hither^
and whom His Majesty gave leave, at The Duke's Request to
return to Prance, he presumes that some of those People have
written in his Nameithe Letters which were laid before Ihe

Council of Nova Scotia. , . , j i „,<. i,av

Since these Transactions the Prench Ambassador here hav-
ing taken Occasion in a Memorial, to mention the Situation ot
thi Acadians, and to desire that His Maiesty would permit
them to retire to Prance, Lord Hertford was 'n«tj"S,t«d k.
return a proper Answer thereupon to the Court ot France,
lid YoVwTsee, by the inclosed Extract of His Excellency s
Letter to me, that the French Ministry entirely acquiesce in
Ei8 Majesty's Right to dispose of those People ?;» He sees
proper, and do not pretend, in any Degree, to interfere in
ErBehalf. I therefore send you these several Inform^
tions that You may be enabled to do Jnstice to the respectable
Chamcfer of the D^ic de Nivernois, and to disabuse the poor
Acadians, and prevpnt their entertaining any future Hope ot

ACADIAN FRENCH.

3IS

by the

Encouragement from The Court of France, either
Means of private Intrigue, or publick Interposition
^ I am with great Tnith and Regard,

Sir
Your most Obedient

I humble Servant

. I DUNK HALIFAX

Governor WUmoi to Lord Halifax.

Nova Scotia,
I Halifax, 22nd March, 1764.

^^ YTur'Iordship's letter of 26th of November, respecting
the Acadiaias, and the disposal of them, I .^f t^'^^^^^^J
receivine on the 18th of this month, and I take the eariiest
Tppo unity of laying before your Lordships, the ful est mfor^
mation I can obtain in the several points referred to me, on

*%rS^y into the reasons on which the Settlement of
those people in Canada was laid aside, I do not discover Jhat
this measure had ever been proposed to this Government
exce~General Murray And that -^-/o relate odyo
thp Acadian^ who were then residing in the more northern
partrof the Province beyond the Isthmus, who were but few
El numberin espect of those in the other parts, particulaily
Lt Hah£ • but no steps could have been taken towards the
Execution of L Ae.^n, but by Orders of Generd Amherst,
As these people from having been in arms *g*>°«t f'^^^^JX
ment, were treated as prisoners of war, ^^J /f ,";'J^; *J^
immediate inspection of the Officer ^^^'.^^from sfr Jeffery
here, who received all orders relatmg to t^em t'om Sir Jetie^
Amherst; but it does not appear tha S"^ Jejfery had ^^
municated any such intentions, either to the ^'J'' °^ jjf ^^^
department in this Province. The Government here was
certainly at all times very apprehensive of these peopK^nd
wmild have cheerfully concurred m any measure to be ireea
Tomlhem au/L tl summer of 1762, when the French ^^^^^^^^
in possession of St. John's in Newfoundland their further
intentions unknown, and but a small body of Troops in tbis
ProvTcethe Acadians, from their hopes of seeing a descent
made on t were so menacing in their behaviour, and so active
rspiritingTp the Indians, that, by a resolution of a council
of G afdthe vote of the General Assembly then sitting,

344

HOTI SCOTIA DOCUHEHTO.

AOADIAH PKENCH.

345

they were collected from most parts and transported to Boston,
in order to prevent th? imminent danger to which this Pro-
vince must have been exposed, from the aid and assistance
the French would havei received from them, in case they had
made any attempts on it. Tin's measure, My Lord, was com-
municated to General jLmherst, and he was at the same time
acquainted, that the Masters of the Transports had directions
implicitly to obey his orders in regard to the future disposal
of those people ; on whose arrival at Boston, he writes that
he would apply to Governor Bernard for their reception.
Then indeed, the General says, that he could have wished thai
those who inhabited the hack parts of the Province, had been sent
to Canada agreeable to Governor Murray's request, by which
means you would not only have saved the expence of bringing
them down the country, at this time, but have been eased of any
dread from that quarter, which is the first time I am informed,
that he made any mention of this measure, his whole attention
being perhaps employed on the important matters of Marti-
neco, the Havannah, aind Newfoundland ; he had not leisure
to reflect that no movement could have been made of any of
these people, without his express orders sent here for that
purpose. This is all the information which I can gain as to this
point, and as I could oot set forth the reasons on which the
execution of this measure was laid aside, I have endeavoured
to show your Lordships how perhaps it failed.

The number of these people is very consideraWe as your
Lordships will observe from the enclosed return, which shews
the different parts of the Province in which they are at this
time. The chief means of their support is from the provisions
they receive on the Military list, in proportion to their age
and number in each f4mily ; and they supply themselves with
clothing by the wages they get for their work ; but they are
far from being an industrious or laborious people. Tlie price
they demand for their labour is high, and in the work of a day,
they fall short of the Settlers, even when they exert them-
selves ; so that few persons can afford to employ them. I
have already represented in my letter to your Lordships of
10th Deer., that they are most inflexibly devoted to France
and the Romish Religion, and being much connected with the
Indians by intermarriages, their power and disposition to be
mischievous is more to be dreaded. And as they flatter them-
selves with some favourable revolution from another War, I
conceive they would never sincerely submit themselves to
His Majesty's Government, Tho perhaps, they might preserve

appearances, itntil some event might offer, which would invite
them to exert themselves. I humbly offer these arguments to
your Lordships as having weight in the present condition of
the Colony, when a few mischievous efforts, secretly supported,
miffht have a very fatal influence. For was the Country filled
with people well established, the Acadiaiis judiciously divided
and distributed, might be kept in subjection by the ordinary
attention of Government.

After what I have already said, I hope it will clearly appear
to your Lordship, that we cannot form any intentions in
respect of these people, only in consequence of his Majesty s
pleasure ; for it has always been the opinion of this Govern-
ment, and is at this time, that the Settlement of them m this
Province is inconsistent with the safety of it, which has been
at different times set forth to His Majesty's Mmisters, and the
measure of transporting them into another Country, without
immediate necessity, cannot I apprehend be undertaken
without your Lordships directions.

As to the degree of safety and of satisfaction to themselves,
from settling them in any other Province, than that of Canada.
I believe. My Lord, that both would be considerably greater,
provided that in respect of the former, they were not settled
m any of the Neighbouring Colonies of New England ; for 1
conceive, My Lord, that their vicinity to Nova Scotia would
on all occasions strongly induce them to be active in disturbing
the Province, from the facility of returning into it, and tlie
hopes that their assistance might be successful, in regaining
them the possession of it. Of the probability of this, there
was a strong proof after their expulsion m the year 1755,
when several of them, from so considerable a distance as South
Carolina, and many from the intermediate Provinces, returned ;
and not only opposed but had the audacity to attack the fc.ing s
Troops more than once. This My Lord, among many instances
which might be given is I hope sufficient to shew ot what they
are capable ; and that the further they are distant, the greater
our safety. As to what might be most satisfactory to them-
selves,! do not believe that Canada would by any means be so,
for some of them who went there in the late War, to assist the
french, wore not only treated with the utmost neglect but
also with contempt and dislike by the Canadians ; and as
Canada borders on this province, I don't apprehend that it
would be either safe for us or satisfactory to them, that their
settlement should be in that Country. , t i.

It is on account of all these considerations, that 1 have m

i<4

346

NOTA

DOcuuBirrB.

my two former letters offerejd to your Lordship the measure
o/ transporting them to spme of the West India Islands.
There cut off from the Continent, and from all hopes by the
difficulty of returning (which was the most powerful influence
and temptation employed on them by the french) they would
content themselves with a settlement, especially if they were
placed amongst tliose who were formerly french subjects, and
who perhaps being contented with their Condition, would set
them an example of cheerful obedience and submission.

Your Lordship may be assured that I shall be strictly atten-
tive to obviate any means which may be offered to seduce •
them from His Majesty's _ Government ; but, I trust His
Majesty's Ships employed in cruising in these coasts, will
sufficiently overawe any such attempts, as well as effec-
tually suppress illicit and contraband "Trade. I must en-
treat that your Lordship's future dispatches to me, may be
directed to the care of the Governor or Commander in Chief
of New York ; for by the negligence of the Post Masters, the
public letters are suffered to lye in their Offices until many of
them have been discovered by mere accident, which has hap-
pened to your Lordships l^st letter, and has prevented the
receipt and answer of it fori Six weeks at least.

I I1&V6 &c

The Right Honble. ' M. WILMOT.

The Earl of Hali&x, ^c, &c., &c.

(Mtmorandum.)

Halifax, Nova Scotia,

22nd March, 1764.

The number of Families bf French Acadians still remaining
in the different parts of thijs Province,

j VuailiBt. Mo. of Penom.

At Halifax and the Enviijons, 232 1056

King's County, Fort Ed\|ard,
Annapolis Boyal,
Fort Cumberland,

405 1762

In addition to the above| there are 300 on the Island of St.
John, who have lately, in a solemn manner, declared the same
intentions as those above mentioned to the officer there in
command.

227

388

J^'

)

XOASIAli ntENCH.
(TraDilated from the French.)

347-

At Halifax, May 12th, 1764.

To His Excellency

The Governor at Halifax, —
The Acadian french prisoners had the honor, on the 29th
of April last, to represent to His Excellency, that, acknow-
ledging no other sovereign than the King of France, the sup-
pliants most earnestly requested the government to provide
vessels and provisions necessary for their transportation
Maintaining still the same sentiments, m every respect, thej
beg His Excellency to listen to their petition, and to grant
thlm the j nst demands which they have already made in this
case, since peace is made, and since all prisoners, from wha^
ever place they may be, are given up; and particularly as
the Acadians who were in England, are now in France, and
those of Carolina, at French Cape. In this case the Govern-
ment will not refuse vessels to convey them to Franco, in
order tliat the suppliants may prove to their prince how de-
voted they are to his service, and I'o^,.'-^''^'^^; Jj^^y ^'t,*"
sacrifice, not only their own lives but the lives of t^eir women
and children, to testify their zeal and love for t^eir country.
Besides, the religion which they profess causes thorn to persist
earnestly in the matter, even at the peril of their lives, and ot
their property, if they had any, which they have already proved
to the Government. *• t „f

Thus, His ExceUency, seeing the unanimous sentiment ot
the Acadians, as good citizens of the King of France ^'U
deign to'order that vessels and provisions be provided for the
purpose of removing them to some French place, should the
government be unwilling to convey them to Franco

Doing this, the suppliants will never cease to address tlieir
prayers to heaven for your preservation and prosperity.

BELONIS ROY,
And 75 more heads oi families.

Sib,—

Lord Halifax to Governor Wilmot.

St. James's, 9 June, 1764.

Your Letters of the 10th December and 18th of January
last have been received and laid before The King.

IJ^

3*8 KOTA SCO'^A DOCDMENTS.

Your Apprehensions of jhe Mischiefs <fe Dangers which
might arise from the settling the Acadians in a collective
Body in any Part of youk" Province, are certainly well
founded; and I agree with You in Opinion that the safest
Method of disposing of thei^ would be to disperse them in
small Numbers among the Settlements within Your Govern-
ment. And this, indeed, sterns to be the only practicable
Method ot disposing of themj for the Removal of those People
mto the Government of Quebec does not appear to me to be
an eligible Measure, neithei^, as I am inform'd, would it be
agreeable to themselves, &n4 Your Proposal of settling them
m one of the ceded Islands, {can by no means take place, as
His Majesty has determined io dispose of all Lands belongine
to Him m those Islands by pjiblick Sale.

With regard to the Information you have received of the
Acadians having applied to tlje Court of France to be removed
out ot His Majesty's Dominions, there is great Reason to
believe that such Application (if it should be made) would not
meet^with any Encourageraeiit, as His Moft Christian Majes-
ty s Ministers assured me, i^ Answer to my Remonstrances
occasioned by some Intelligence of the same Sort received
trom Boston in September la^t, that His Court had no Inten-
tions ot Interfering with r^jspect to the Removal of the
Acadians.

His Majesty considers thel French Acadians in the same
Light with the rest of His Roman Catholic Subjects in Ame-
rica. If they shall be willing to take the Oaths of Allegiance,
and to become good Subjects" and usefnll Inhabitants, it will
be Your Care to settle them in such Parts of Your Govern-
ment as may be agreeable to themselves, and at the same
lime consistent with the publick Peace and Security. If, on
the contrary, they cannot be brevailed on so to settle, in good
Humour and for good purifoses, the Liberty of removing
Ihemselves out of the Province, or out of His Majesty's Do-
minions, cannot be denied to them as Subjects. But you will
never suflFer them to be carried away by the open Attempts or
secret Practises of any foreigjn Power.

ACADIAN FRBIHCH.

349

I am with great
Your

Truth and Regard
Sir
i^iost Obedient

humble Servant

DUNK HALIFAX.

ILS

Extract from a letter of Govt. Wilmot to the Earl of Halifax,
Dated Halifax, N.S., 2dth August, 1764.

My Lord, — i

I have lately had information that several families of the
Acadians to the amount of One Hundred and fifty persons,
residing about Cansoe, had applied to the Magistrates there,
for leave to transport themselves to the Island of St. Peter,
and having met with a refusal, immediately departed for that
Island.

By the enclosed Copy of a Paper dispersed about here in
the name of the Governor General of tlie French Leward
Islands in the West Indies, your Lordships will perceive the
method made use of to withdraw these people from His
Majesty's Dominions. What eftect it will have on them I
can't tell, as great numbers of them have lately died at Cape
Franqoise who went there from Philadelphia, and the Report
of that mortality has had a great effect on their Countrymen
here.

Governor Wilmot to Earl of Halifax.

My Loud, —

* *

Halifax, 9th Novemr. 1764.
# # * «

In obedience to the King's pleasure signified to me by your
Lordship's letter of the 9th of June, and His Majesty's In-
structions of 20th July, for admitting the French Acadians to
take an oath of Allegiance, and permitting them to make a
settlement in this Country, I proposed both these matters to
the consideration of the Council, who accordingly drew up
the form of such an oath in terms least liable to an equivocal
sense, and also assigned such places in the Province for their
settlement, as might be most out of the way of any inter-
course for ill purposes ; but My Lord, these people have been
too long misled and devoted to the French King and their
religion, to be soon weaned from such attachments, and when
even those objects are hung out to them, their infatuation
runs very high. Some prisoners taken in the course of the
War and residing here have much fomented this spirit, and
thence and from the invitation dispersed amongst them as
they say from the Governor of the French Leeward Islands,
of which I lately transmitted your Lordship a copy in my
letter of 29 th August, I apprehend that all those people who

'850

KOVA BCOTIA

iCABUK FRENCH.

391

DOCtlilENTS.

Hve in and about ^is Town ha U «o S^^P^^^a^tf cJa
take the Oath of ^"^g'**"",^' Xlnd eoing directly to Cape
obtain of their P"'-P°««^' /.^.^^^ ^ ^'^"ii^prLd finally to tfie
rr"' fr IlUnois and the,? to 3e a settlenienl Their
Country of ^^^^ " "(?^;e pmncOie they avow, and made apph-
design of going t. Cape t^^^^^^^^^ fo, that voyage ; so

cation to me toi '-'^"^l^ , °i +i:„^ refusal thev met with, which

at a 5 Fice. d""ng these fpur last years.

I have Ac. ^„

M. WILMOT.

The Right Hon.

The Earl of HaUfax, &c.

&c.

Oovernor

Wilmit to Lord Halifax,

Inova Scotia,

Halifax, 18th Deer. 1764.

My Lokd, — . 1 Jii„- „f tv,p Qth of last month, to

re:n''Tender'd%o'^t:m:^;nj offers of a settlement m this
^TncTthat time, no reasonable proposals being able to over-

by the last information I hay e had, they are to ^^"le i

cultivation of lands unfit f"J,^\l'« «"Smtr

thev had certa n accountB, tjiat that climaie nan "°"' ,

♦hflivpa of several of theiri countrymen, who had gone there

Skin'vtw'hrnlhe Spring shall afford them convenience
and opportunity.

.,^,,JHA.

Thus my Lord, we are in the way of being relieved from
these people who have been the bane of he Province and
the terror of its settlements. This consideration including
the manv mischiefs they committed, the check they gave to
peorng the country and the progress of Industry from the
Sand activity with which ti^ey served the French as spies
and Partizans ; Ind lastly the determined and re^solute manner
S which they refused their Allegiance to the King, and the
insolence with which they avowed their duty to the King of
prnce only, together with the danger which might m a future
wTarise Lm their numbers, their interest with the Indians
and knowledge of all parts ol the country, induced the
CoundCat which Lord ColviU His Maj-esty's Rear Admiral
assisted to be unanimously of opinion that they should be at
fu liberty to depart; and indeed, My Lord, had any mea-
sure been taken to obstruct them In this project, they would
have withdrawn themselves to the eastern parts of his Pr^
vinceTfrom whence they would have been easdy and readily
IZsporte-d to St. Peters and Miquelon by the assistance of
E fHends there; and at those places they would have been
a most vah able acquisition to the french, particularly imme-
diXe y in the fishery, with which they are not unacquainted ;
and b3^ their situation would be dangerous to this Province On
the contrary their settlement in the West Indies removes the^m
for from us and as that Climate is mortal to the natives of the
K^rcountries, the French will not be likely to gain any
cons derable advantage from them. As the departure of these
people will relieve the public from a very '^"n^'.^erable ex-
oence on account of provisions, those who remain are only
■ fuppKn such proportions as to keep them from want ; and
even for uch supplies, they are obliged to work in opening
Es and communications into the P"nc.pal parts of the
country On the whole I flatter myself that the conduct to
warKiese people r>vho if any means to detain them had
rucceeded.mustWe been inveterate enemies, and not sub-
^Lts wUl nSy and in good humour submitting themselves)
^will be agrlUe to your Lord^ship's sentiments, and We
your approbation. *

I have &c.

M. WILMOT.

The Right Honble.

The Earl of Halifax,
jcc. &c. Ac.

1',

ACAOUH PKEKCH.

fl5S

552 NOVA BCOTJA DOCUMENTS.

Gov&nor Wilmot to Captain WiRiam.
(LeWler Book.)

Halifax, 2nd Deer., 1765.

^"'"colonel Haldimand having applied to me for Leave to
take the AocadianB on St. Jcjhn's Isfand to settle them on hia
Land" n the Province of Canada, I very readily give my con-
8e*"t forVo good a purpose, Ss under his care and inspection,
theJ^greaUeason tL hop^ that they will soon be trougbt
over to their duty & Allegiafice. ,

"'colonel Haldiiand's ui^dTrtaking ^^e-g a Pub ^c good,
orrlpr to Enable him to succeed more Effectually, it win oe
necessary that the people shall be at Liberty to take with
them a proportion of their Cattle and that they may build as
In^- sKps as may be sufficient to carry them up the River

^'l wo™ ikewise recommend that Jou would be pleased to
allow the use of a firelock ^ith some powder and shot to Each
^im^lv that they be the batter enabled to subsist themselves
S ttxe W?ntJr,Tf there are any spare arms at Fort Amherst.

I am,
To Capt. Williams, j

Commanding Fort Amherst
at St. John's Isle^nd.

Sir, Ac, Ac,
M.

WILMOT.

Extract from Dispatch— Lord

Hillsborough to Lieut. Oovr.
Prancldin.*

Whitehall, 26th Febry., 1768.

His Majesty was well pleased to find by your Letter No. 3
♦>,«t the Acadians have at length seen that their true interests

-7^a.l Francklin wa, a n«ive of tl.e South <rf England H^"^^^
Halifait about the year 1752 and wa. ;^"8*f ^ J" '^?"i,Sly i" 1^59, and
par»mt». He waj. elected a member "^ 'J^' """/g*^ In 1T66 he received the
Appointed to His Majesty's Council on 8rf May, 17b^^ ^ .uperseded

a^^intment of Lt. O-vernor of Nova Scoua wh.ch^ ^^ ^^.^ ^^_^^ ^^ ^^^
by Admiral Arbuthnot on "th Feb 1776 «]'«°^«^ 1,4 i„ organizing

Countil board. In this and the f»"°*'"«/,^"t of Lt Colonel. For several
the militia of the province and ««=t-tl^rommi,.toner of Indian affairs for
years before his death Mr. Ffaackhn wa* Commissmner o ^^^.^^^^^_

Nova Scotia. HU exertions in ^upport of Bntian amnoruy »

1 1.. 4.„o+;mr,nv of their wish to participate in the lenity
ru'#Ma1rv?h?uks that this ftosi^on ought to be
ltr5:db^6lding^o^^^^^^^^^^^

^"^^iU nSiirg^:1li m^^^^^^^^ of His

K st?be\dop ^d for the Distribution of Lands m that
IsSd, a due Regard be had to their Improvements.

Lieut. Governor FrancUin to Isaac Deschamps. *

(Letter Book.)

Halifax, 1st June, 1768.
^'^'Tt is with great pleastlre I find by yotir letter of the 30

thatfffll^Sim^^^

l„g the Government wa. greatly instru-en^^^^^^^^^^^^

Nova Scotia during the period of *f^,f "'"'=^° ["b- Mr. Legg, «ho for several
gland he frequently complains of unfair treatment by Mr. f^ ^^^^^ ,

?ears held the appointment °f «°J«™7 '° X w,s a^and daughter of Mr.
daughter of Joseph Bouuneau, of Boston, who wa^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^

Peter Faneuil of that city. He had several chua. ^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^

Francklin, for forty years Clerk of «'e House « **"« ^ uniacke. Rector

564, 568, 671, 591 ; Nova Scoiia Almanacs.
■a

It-

354

MOYA SCOtrU DOCUMENTS.

of them as Forces to be employed out of this Province, and
that such report could only have risen from weak or evil-
minded People, and you njay still further assure them, that
they will be treated at all times with the same degree of
Indulgence and protection with His Majesty's other Subjects.
And to this you may also add that the Goverament has not
the least Design Either to molest or disturb them on account
of their Religion.

I am [with regard
Sir

Isaac Deschamps, Esq.,

or in his absence to
Winckworth Tongue, Esq.,

Windsor.

Yours
,MICHL. PRANCKLIN,

Id. Oovr, IrancMhi to Colonel H. D. Denson.
(Letter Book.)

Sib,—

Some of the Accadians

Halifax, 4 July, 1768.

who reside in Kings County and
at Windsor, who have lately taken the oaths of allegiance to
His Majesty, have informed me that they have been warned
to Train with the other Mibtia, which they conceived as a
hardship being unprovided [with arms, and unable to purchase ■
them immediately, were th^y to be bought.

I am therefore to desirej that you do Exempt them from
Mustering or training. Until you have Orders to the Contrary

Mauger, and aeiistcd Capt. Murray in suppressing the turbulent proceedings
of the Acadian French at Fisiquijl that year. He was elected a member of
Assembly for West Falmouth in Jjily 1761, and the same year was appointed
one of the Justices of the Court of Common Fleas for Kings Co., (Hants and
Kings then being comprised in o^e County). In 1768 he was appointed by
Lt. Governor Franckhn Judge of the Island of St. John (P. E. Island), and
inl770 Assistant Justice of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia in the place of
Mr. Duport, appointed to St. JohnTs. On the dea^ of Chief Justice Finucane
In 1766, he became Chief Justiqe of tiie Province. He was Acting Clerk
of the House Assembly in 1772. Judge Deschamps was appointed to His
Majesty's Council 6th Oct., 1783. He died on llth August, 1801, in tlie
79di year of his age. His son, George Deschamps, received the appointment
of Judge of Probate for HanU County on the death of his father. iV. S>
MS. Doc; N. S. Almanac, ■ Murddfh'* N. 8., 219, 101, 406, 479, 498.

ACABUN PBENCH.

859

from the Governor or Comman^- in « for the^^tima

being-and I am f^-^^^^^^SVey be treated by the
King'Blntention,and I do Expect, they ^^^^^^^ ^^^ ,j,^^.

Officers of Government with a^ ross they may not

I am, Sir, Yours, Ac,

MICHL. PRANCKLIN.

To Col. Denson. *

Lt.

Sib,—

Goverrwr Franddin to Lt. Oovermr Carleton. t
(Letter Book.)
Nova Scotia, Halifax, 4 July, 1768.

--'some few of the Prench AccadianB who have re^^sed to
take the Oath of AAlegjaX^^^S;^^-^^^^^^^^^ aW the
Province, hoping to mix fiemse^ , ^^^^^tion and bene-

Canadians: and thereby to partake o J .p ^^^.^ g^^ereign.
fits of Government without ac^^^'Jf^^ ^^^^ Excellency this
I therefore thought it necessary ^^^^J°^^^ i„ withholding
information, that «" J °]^S*\ ^d "o i^^^ to the example
the allegiance due to t^^j^'^f'f^ noticed, and treated in such

proper- J am, &c.,

I MICHL. PRANCKLIN.

To His Excellency , „ , ^ „

^Si!\S::^ionaovince of Quebec.

Fata°outh%hereL -ided or m,^y years. He wasfo^^^^^^ ^^^^.'^^^^^
Kr: o"/h':rK at Falm^o^tU stm bears the name of Mount Denson

t Afterwards Lord Dorchester.

356

NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

Id. Governor FrarifMin to Oovernor Garleton,

(lietter Book.)

Nova SJdotia, Halifax, 18 August, 1768.

' I had the honor to receive your Excellency's Letter to
Lord William Campbell of the 5th of August, 1767, by Mr.
Bailly the Priest, whose Conduct has been hitherto irreproach-
able and to all Appearance! bids fair to be of greate benefit to
this Province, by quietinjg the minds of the Indians who
began to be very uneasy-r-and his Mission has this further
good tendency of reconciling the consciencies of the Acca
dians who have lately taken the Oaths of Allegiance to His
Majesty's Government.

By this Gentlemen I an^ Informed that the Pere Bonaven-
ture Missionary at the Bay de Chaleurs, lies under some
censures of the Church pf Quebec, and that among other
articles he is Charged with having used his endeavours to
alienate the minds of the Indians from this Government, and
as Justice is due to every pian, I think it necessary to acquaint
your Excellency that whatever his other faults may be, we
have nothing of that sort to lay to his Charge, but on the Con-
trary Capt. Dean of the Mermaid has repeatedly assured me
that be was of great use in preventing differences between
the People who Fished thjsreabouts and the Indians, and had
particularly refused his Functions to Such of them as Shewed
an Inclination in 1765 to Commit Hostilitys against us.

It is necessary at the same time I should acquaint your
Excellency that there are certain Canadians and Inhabitants of
Kamouraska and its Neighbourhood who come every Spring
to Hunt in the River St. John to the great detriment of the
Indians of that River by destroying their Beaver and at the
same time they shall fill their Heads with news of their own
Invention, which has a tepdency to keep up the Idea of the
Power of France. If thif could be prevented as well as the
Traders of Canada from cdming into this Government, it would
be doing this Province great service, as I am apprehensive
of their forming a kind of an Asylum for the Banditti of Both
Governments.

I have the Honor <fec.

MICH. FRANCKLIN.

To His Excellency
Guy Carleton, Esq.,

Governor of the Pro nnce of Quebec, &ca.

,t:_

- -»

ACADIAN FBENCH.

357

Secretary Bulkdey to John Anderson and Francis Peabody.

(Letter Book.)

Secbetary's Office,
Halifax, 20th August, 1768.
Gentlemen, —

The Lieut. Governor desires that you will give notice to
all the Accadians, except about Six Families whom Mr. Badly
shall name, to remove themselves from St. John's River, it not
being the Intention of the Government that they should settle
there, but to acquaint them that on their application here
they shall have lands in other parts of the Province. *

I am, &c.,

RD. BDLKELEY.

To John Anderson & Frs. Peabody, Esqrs.
Justices of the Peace for the

County of Sunbury, River St. John.

♦ In July of this year a warrant of Survey was issued to 44 Acadian femili^
for lands at St. Maiy'.. in the County of AnnapoUs. They were from Windsor
and Annapolis.

III.

PAPERS

KEUITNO TO THK

FRENCH ENCROACHMENTS IN NOVA SCOTIA
1749-1754,

THE WAR IN NORTH AMERICA,
1754-1761.

il ■ !

NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

8ra,—

LordB of Trade, to Ooverrtor ComwaUis.

Whitehall, let August, 1749.

"We have lately received letters from Mr. Shirley, HU
Sa I Mri^qne, a^ their ^^^^^^f^^^^^^^Sy

^-^.T^:^rtr:T;Si£':^^^^ copies of the

^^^l;-^ easily perceive ^ taiitTrightC iCa
already had with respect to H.^M^esty^^'f^^^^^,^
Scotia, the extravagance of M. ^a"^^"'™''^ , ^^^^t ^hich
what 'little foundation there - /oj ^Jf^ii^^ X' under
relates to the Abenaqui, or St John s Ina , ^1^^ ^^^^^^

that general name of *«^,^f "X^ of Indians in those
include the Penobscot and "th^^ J^^'^ °' a dangerous ten-
parts) may ^^^ l^VaJeX'^fgh^to tU P^^^^ "^ ^is
dency to weaken Uis Majesty » "&" information in this
provLe; We «tall five you tt>ebe^^^^

rr S ThT;of ma"y M:rt: assert and maintain

the river St. John's in the heart of Nova Sc^^^^^' f^^f^i
the year 1726 acknowledge H.s Maje y ^ f/J^boundaries,
sessor of this Province *<''=°J'^"'S*o^!,ie a manner as they

362

NOYA 8C0TIA DOCTJHENTS.

those of the neighbouring nations on the one part, and Mr.
Mascarene in behalf of IJis Majesty on the other part ; there-
fore, should M. Galissonniere's demand be complied with, it
might be construed to iijiply a giving up His Majesty's right
to the Northern part of the Province, and as there appears to
us to be an absolute necessity of compelling these Indians to
renew their submission to His Majesty before they can be
admitted to terms of peatfe, we earnestly recommend to you
to take such measures for that purpose as shall appear to you
most likely to prevail.

^nd as there is great leason to apprehend that the French
may dispute the right of the Crown of Great Britain to these
territories, we further earnestly recommend to you to have a
watchful eye to the security thereof and upon the proceedings
of the French. So we bid you heartily farewell, are

Youre very loving Friends, &c.,

DUNK HALIFAX,

J. PITT,

J. GRENVILLB,

I T. ROBINSON,
' DUPPLIN,

C. TOWNSHEND.
The Honble. Colonel Corqwallis,
Governor of Nova Sffiotia.

Count de la Chliasonniere, dovemor of Canada, to Governor
Mascarene.

(Translated from the French.)

QuKBEC, 15th January, 1749.
Sib,—

As soon as I became aware of the suspension of arms,
concluded on the 30th April last, I ordered a cessation of
hostilities throughout the whole extent of my government.

I recalled the detachments that I had sent to the war,
although I might have caused the one at Beaubassin and Bay
Verte to remain there, until I had ascertained the conditions
'of the peace, which I had not yet learned.

M. Marin who commanded that detachment has set at
liberty the prisoners taken by him at Louisbourg.

Tranquillity has at length, been re-established on my part,

TOBSCH ENCB0ACHMENT8 IN SOVA BCOTIA.

363

.« if there had been no war -but on the^g^SeTrr,

this was f«/«\^'tot ratl\vtg3^

with a good deal of '^^.^^ > 'hm ng hostilities against you ;

IVri rufd^o? at"e^th1r& you would observe the

ru'^pensionothostilities with respect o them.

aV all these .f^^^to me to C astonished at, and to

of, I have cause, i f^"'^*"";^ have committed this autumn,
complain of several acts th?^ from Mines, of the missionary
tL fi-t iB-the -P-l^n/X^^^^^^^ t me quite

who was there. This f,''*"' T'j ^ wait only a few months,
out of place. You would l^«;y« ^^^^^^^^ possession of Mines
toascertainwhetherj:ou would e^^^^^^^ ^^ y,^

or not; and, supposing ^°^*^,T'"% ^ire that missionary
rttZX'^'oXZt'^rlZe of the preceding

^Xwas the burning of the ^^^^Zti'^^S^^'^^'^
and La Maigre at /-es a very decen ac lor,^ ^^^.^^^

treaty were to restore M";«;^° ^jf J° been done after the

rebuild these houses *** ^^^l^^^^ublished. The second is
suspension of hostilities ^ad been publislie ^^^^ ^^^^^^
the exaction of new submisaion f. om the « emature

LTr^t%u^;o^tdt^^^^^^^^^^ o^ ^^« -^

nS-the third exploit oi Mr. Gorfiam is still^^^^^^^^^^

dinary tlian the others. Thi« -^XStan ts of thf River St.
to exact submission from the "^abitan^^
John, a river situated »nj^e continent ot v. ^^^ ^^^^^^^
side of the Qnenibec, where the Douna ^^ , between
was settled by common «°"«tf-^iJ: respect to this River
Mr. Gorham and the ^benaquis, wit i respe ^^

St. John, is not more '■«g^^*'T;,.^"^;yd that if they wished
part, Mr. Gorham having sent them word, t ^^^ ^^^^

to be included in the peace, it ^^°"|? ° r„^.,
to make their submission to 7°/^ .f J°;*^^Sly so) that the
This shocked them so much (^"^ J^ "^hem to Venew the
whole nation is entreating me Jo pe™iyn ^^^ ^^. ^
war. Mr. Gorham has afforded them new ca ^^^^^ ^^

retaining two of ^^rmTs W i -tich " man
hisshpinsearchof their missionary, moment

contrary to the law of ^^^dl sent them back,
doubt, that you have immediately sent xne

364

KOVA BOOTIA DOCCHENTS.

Judging from what I Imve been told, it is very doubtful,
whether the English of Mr. Gorham's vessel who were kiUed,
came to their death by the Abenaquis ; but even if that were
the case, it would not be less certain, that those, who went
on board in search of thefr missionary, and who went there
relying on the public faith pledged by Mr. Gorham, could not
be arrested.

I demand of yon sir, in the first place, to have the two
savages set at liberty.

Secondly— To be kind enough to make no change m the
matter of religion and its itoinisters in Acadia.

Thirdly— To forbid Mr. Gorham and all others, from solicit-
ing or threatening the inhabitants of the river St. John, or
any other dependency ofi the Government oi Canada, for the
purpose of binding them to submissions, contrary to the
fidelity they owe to the King of France, who is their master
as well as mine, and who jias not ceded that territory by any
treaty. I .

Fourthly- 1 beg you tcj have the goodness to mtorm me,
whether you intend to incjlude the Abenaquis in the peace;
and, in that case, I entreat you again to have the goodness to
induce Mr. Shirley to aflow them to settle again in their
villages, and to leave theik- missionaries undisturbed there, as
they were before the wf^r. They engaged in it only as our
allies ; and, it ought to bp ended for them, as for us. Should
you think differently in New England, I could not help assist
ing them ; it not being jufet, that I should leave them exposed
to your vengeance, aftelr having been pleased with their
services. You must l^now the savages well enough, to
understand, that it is important for the safety and the tran-
quillity of the frontiers of the Province of Massachusetts, that
I have a prompt and posjtive reply ; for, they are continually
soliciting me, to allow them to continue the war.

I consider that I have been particularly fortunate, in being
able to restrain them up to the present time ; especially, since
they have heard of the acts and threats of Mr. Gorhani ; and
notwithstanding the trouble I have taken to quiet them, 1
should not be surprised, if they resorted to some act of
violence. I „ ,

It would be easy for ^rou, I should think, to forward me

your reply by the missionaries on the River St. John or

neighborhood. , . , ^. i,- u

It is through them also, that I address you this letter, which

I send in duplicate.

IPSBNCtt ENCBOACHMENTS IN NOTA 8C0TU.

365

It IS also proper, that the missionaries be informed 4t[ your
decision ; that will assist them in restraining the savages.
I have the honor to be with perfect consideration
Sir,
Your very humble and obedient servant,

LA GALISSONNIERE,
(Trtie Copy.)

P. Mascarene.

Copy (signed) W, Shirley.

Oovernor Mascarene to Count De la Galissonniere.*

Annapolis Royal,
, 25th April, 1749.

Sa,— -; !

I have received on the l8th Inst. April the honour of
Your Letter dated at Quebec the 15th January new stile, in
which you first acquaint rae that as soon as you heard of the
BHspension of Arms you had recalled the parties you had sent
to War. As all the Troops which have been under my Command
•during the Course of the war, have only acted within His
Miyesty's Territories to defend them from Invasion, I had not
the same reason to recall them but ordered them not to act
offensively unless provoked and obliged to it by any violence
offered to them. Your parties had left this Province long
before the preliminary Articles were signed, and I don't know
they had any right to enter it after suspension of Arms, by

* Roland Michel Barrin Count de la Galissonniere is represented as being
one of the ablest men of his time. He was appointed Governor ot Canada in
1747, to act UBtil the arrival of the Marquis de La Jonquierc, who had been
nominated Grovemor General. He returned to France in 1749, and was the
same year a{>pointed one of the Commissioners, on the part of the French
Government, for settlinn the boundaries of Acadia — Govr. Sliirley of Massa-
chusetts, being the Commissioner on the part of the British. In 1751 he pub-
lished a memoir of the Freneh Colonies in America. His scientific acquire-
ments obtained for him the place of head of the department of nautical charts
at Paris. In 1756 he commanded the French fleet of 13 ships of the line, in
the affair off Menorca, where the unfortunate Admiral Byng was defeated. He
died at Nemours in October of the same year, aged 63, deeply regretted by
King Louis X.V., with whom he was in great favour. He is represented as
being diminutive in stature, with a deformed person, but possessed of a power-
ful intellect and great energy and determination. He was a strenuous sup-
porter of the Abbe De la Loutre, and, after his return to France, is said to
have ftimished him with money and lupplies for his work in Acadia. — Biog :
Univcrial, qugted in 2f. T. Col. Doc., Tol. 6, p. 582; MS. Doc. If. S. ; Tab .
Hist : OanadienHCt, par Bibatid, 1861 ; TyrreU paperi, if. S. Docuwunis.

TT"

364

KOTA SfiOTU DOCtJMHaSTS.

Judging from what I Ijave been told, it is very doubtful,
whether the English of i^r. Gorham'a vessel who were killed,
came to their death by th^ Abenaquis ; but even if that were
the case, it would not be less certain, that those, who went
on board in search of thciir missionary, and who went there
relying on the public faitl^ pledged by Mr. Gorham, could not

be arrested. t a.u i

I demand of you sir, in the first place, to have the two
savages set at liberty. i , ■ ^i.

Secondly— To bo kind enough to make no change m the
matter of religion and its ministers in Acadia.

Thirdly— To forbid Mr- Gorham and all others, from solicit-
ing or threatening the inhabitants of the river St. John, or
any other dependency oft the Government of Canada, for the
purpose of binding theiia to submissions, contrary to the
fidelity they owe to the King of France, who is their master
as well as mine, and who has not ceded that territory by any
treaty.

Fourthly— I beg you td^ have the goodness to inform me,
whether you intend to include the Abenaquis in the peace;
and, in that case, I entreat you again to have the goodness to
induce Mr. Shirley to allow them to settle again m their
villages, and to leave thejr missionaries undisturbed there, as
they were before the wir. They engaged in it only as our
allies ; and, it ought to be ended for them, as for us. Should
you think differently in New England, I could not help assist
ing them; it not being jijst, that I should leave them exposed
to your vengeance, afl^r having been pleased with their
services. You must know the savages well enough, to
understand, that it is iniportant for the safety and the tran-
quillity of the frontiers of the Province of Massachusetts, that
I have a prompt and positive reply ; for, they are continually
soliciting me, to allow th^m to continue the war.

I consider that I have i been particularly fortunate, in being
able to restrain them up to the present time ; especially, since
they have heard of the apts and threats of Mr. Gorham ; and
notwithstanding the trotuble I have taken to quiet them, 1
should not be surprisefl, if they resorted to some act of
violence. , ,

It would be easy for jyou, I should think, to forward me
your reply by the mispionaries on the River St. John or

neighborhood. , . , .. v,- i.

It is through them al8(f,that I address you this letter, whicn
I send in duplicate.

rSHaica enceoachments in nova scotia.

365

It is also proper, that the missionaries be informed of your
tiecision ; that will assist them in restraining the savages.
I have the honor to be with perfect consideration
Sir,
Your very humble and obedient servant,

LA GALISSONNIERE.
(Troe Copy.)

P. Mascarene.

Copy (signed) W, Shirley.

Governor Mascarene to Count De la Galisaonniere. *

Annapolis Royal,
I 25th April, 1749.

Sra,— '

I have received on the 18th Inst. April the honour of
Your Letter dated at Quebec the 15th January new stile, in
which you first acquaint me that as soon as you heard of the
suspension of Arms you had recalled the parties you had sent
to War. As all the Troops which have been under my Command
■during the Course of the war, have only acted within His
Majesty's Territories to defend them from Invasion, I had not
the same reason to recall them but ordered them not to act
ofiensively unless provoked and obliged to it by any violence
offered to them. Your parties had left this Province long
before the preliminary Articles were signed, and I don't know
they had any right to enter it after suspension of Arms, by

* Koland Michel Barrio Count de la Galissonniere is represented as being
one of the ablest men of bis time. He was appointed Governor ot Canada in
1747, to act until the arrival of the Harquis de La Jonquierc, who had been
nominated Governor General. He returned to France in 1749, and was the
<ame year ai>pointed one of the Commissioners, on the part of tlic French
Government, for settling the boundaries of Acadia — Govr. Shirley of Massa-
chusetts, being the Commissioner on the part of the British. In 1751 he pub-
lished a memoir of the French Colonies in America. His scientific acquire-
ments obtained for him the place of head of the department of nautical charts
St Paris. In 1766 he commanded the French fleet of 13 ships of the line, in
the aSair off Menorca, where the unfortunate Admiral Byng was defeated. He
died at Nemours in October of the same year, aged 63, deeply regretted by
King Louis XV., with whom he was in great favour. He is represented as
being diminutive in stature, with a deformed person, but possessed of a power-
ful intellect and great energy and determination. He was a strenuous sup-
porter of the Abbe De la Loutre, and, after his return to France, is said to
have furnished him with money and supplies for his work in Acadia. — Biog :
Universal, gtwted in if. 1'. CU. Doc., vol. 6, p. 532; MS. Doc. N. S. ; Tab .
Miii : Oanadtennti, par Bibaud, 1861 ; J)/rriU paperi, N. S. Documtntt.

366

NOVA SCOTIA DOCnMENTB.

virtue of those Articles, tqok place, as did M. Mann, who the
be had the suspension of ^nns signibed to him by the Gover-
nor of Louisbourg yet (parried away from thence several
officers and men he had purprised and landed them m this
Province, whom however he thought fit to re ease afterwards,
tho'.he carried with him keveral soldiers who had deserted

from this Garrison. , „ o t i v,v *

As I have reckoned this Province and all the Inhabitants
seated in it as belonging to the Crown of Great Britain not-
withstanding your Troops have had sometimes a footmg there-
in I have never refrained ft-om making His Majesty's authority
to' be acknowledged and djie regard paid to it whenever it has
been in my power. It is ^n consequence of it that 1 sent to
Manis and Chignecto and other parts to establish good order
and call to an account th4se who had acted contrary to the
Fidelity they owed to the King of Great Britain, their bove-

"^^The Missionaries who hive been allowed from this place to
reside in this province, h^ve by an order of the government
been obliged to come to this place and obtain permission of
their so doing, and to remfiin in the place allotted to them and
when they have been foui^d to labour to a lenate the Peoples
affection from His Majesty and their fidelity and duty from
the Government or otherwise misbehaved they have been
ordered out of His Majesty's Territories, and those who have
avoided those faults have been suffered to remain, and have

not been any way molestc^d. ir j ■ *i •„ ,><>,

Those ot the Inhabitants who have suffered in their per-
sons or their estates have undergone those penalties tor
having acted in treasonable and rebellious practices contrary
to their Oath of Fidelity and as subjects by which they are
bound to the Crown of (^reat Britain What you are pleased
to name the new submissions required of His Majesty s french
subjects, were to give them an opportunity of clearing them-
selves from having been! concerned in such rebellious prac-
tices that they might stilj continue in favour and protection ot
His Majesty's Government. , ^ •,• * j t\.^

It is many years ago tliat the French families seated on the
river St. Johns, came ^o take the oaths of fidelity to the
Crown of Great Britain, and have been reckoned as all the
rest of the French Inhabitants to be His Majesty's subjects
and under his protection and have been assisted and dealt
with as such-when Mr. Gorham went there, m the same
manner as he had been in other places of this Provmce, he

FRENCH HNCROACHMENTS IN NOTA SCOTIA,

36T

had orders not to commit any Hostilities except provoked or
obliged to it by any violence offered to him or those who were
under his Command — his boats and some men who were ashore •
were fired upon tho' those who had committed t&is outrage
were called upon by our people in a friendly manner, and at
the time that Mr. Gorham had sent up the River to speak
with the French inhabitants. His taking two of the Indians
with him was to bring the Indians to clear themselves of hav-
ing had a share in that outrage, and to bring to light tho
offenders. These two Indians were treated here with all
humanity and so little guarded that they got away, one of
them got home, and the other being recovered went to Bos-
ton, where as I have heard he is not kept like a prisoner, but
with all the good treatment he can desire. As for the Indians
of St. John's River being told that if they would have peace
with us they must come to this place to make their proposals
I think Sir there is nothing contrary to what has been pmc-
ticed heretofore by these people. Tlie last peace with them
was made in the Territorys of New England and at this place,
I have the original of the Articles by me. Those very In-
dians sent a deputation to me about five years ago to de.sire
1 c live in peace with the subjects of Great Brittain tho' the
two Crowns should be at war, which I assured them they
might if they would and sent them honourably back again but
they soon altered their opinion tho' no reason was given on
our side for it.

The first of your demands Sir is answered already by my
telling you that neither of the two Indians you mentioned are
in my possession.

As for the second, in regard to the religion of the French In-
habitants of this Province, I have and shall continue to follow
the Treaty of Utreclit, and what commands I shall receive
from the King my Master if there is to be any alteration.

The third relating to the French Inhabitants of the River
St. John's, I have reckoned them as subjects of Groat Britain
and seated in Territorys belonging to that Crown, and cannot
alter my opinion till by the boundaries being settled between
the Government of Nova Scotia and Canada or by orders from
the Court of Great Brittain, I am obliged to think otherwise.

I siiall comply with your fourtii demand by sending your
letter to Govr. Shirley, with whom I am obliged to consult in
what relates to the British Interest in those parts of the
World, and I can do it with the more speed as I am to des-
patch a vessel to Boston within three or four days.

368

NOVA SCOTIA DOCmCBNTS.

After having answered ithe material points of the letter yotl
have done me the honor to write to me, I am to acquaint you
Sir that by a vessel arrived Yesterday from Boston we have
Se confimation of the signing the definite Treaty of Peace
hetween all the powers at war on the ft October last the rati-
Sons whereof have been since exchanged, with which tho
K of Great Brittain has acquainted his Parliament in hia
rneech and the addresses of both Houses of Parhament
Sereupon with His Majefety's speech are come to my hands
which I take the freedom to enclose to you. I exnect every
Ty the Articles of peace which have been already printed,
and ordered to proclaim ^he peace in this Province.

This great work is happily completed and it doth not seem
proper for us in these patts of the world to trouble the fr end-
ship which is reestablished betwixt our two Nations by stort^
difficulties which are already or will soon be decided at
home for our future direction. It shall be my care to give no
occasion for any breach bf the good understanding which «
to be the Fruits of Peace, tho' it is not my intention whilst
I have the honor to command over the Province of Nova
Scotia to relinquish an} of the rirfits I am persuaded the
'•'ill have His Majesty's orders for it.

king my master has, till

M. de la Galissonneire
Ac. &c. &c.
Governor of

I have &c.

P. MASCARENB.

Canada.

Governor Shirlej to Count De la Cfalissonniire.

I Boston, May &th, 1749.

*'^'"two days ago I received from Mr. Mascarene a Copy of
your letter to him, dak at Quebec 15th January wherein,
famong other Demand,) you call upon him to acquaint you,
Ehir he intends to comprehend tho abenaoui Indians in
The Peace?w?thont requiring any kind of SuUiss^.n from
'em ; and desire that it such case he would engage me to let
•em resettle in their Village, and their Missionaries remain
tw/wt 'L' -molested a^W did before die War observ^
inir to him that those Indians enter'd into the War, only as
.your AliSs, and ther^ore when the War was finished with

FBENCH KNCR0ACHMENT8 IN NOVA SCOTIA.

369

you it ought to be so with regard to them, and you proceed
to say, Sir, that if they thought otherwise in New England
you shall be oblig'd to assist those Indians, intimating that it
IS of importance to the safety and tranquillity of the Frontiers
of the Massachusetts Bay, that you should have a speedy and
Positive answer, and that you shall not be surprized if the
Indians shou'd proceed to acts of Violence.

To this Sir wch is the fourth Demand in your letter, Mr
Mascarene having referr'd you to me upon it, I shall comply
with your rec^uest in giving as speedy and Positive an answer
as may be.

The Village of the Abenaqui Indians, by wch. I at present
understand only those who are seated on St. John's River,
has been ever deem'd by tho English to be situated within
the heart of Nova Scotia, and consequently that tribe of
Indians together with the French Inhabitants upon the same
River to be resident within his Majesty's Territories; and
accordingly. Sir, the latter have acknowledged themselves
ever since the Treaty of Utrecht to be Subjects of the Crown
of Great Britain by taking the Oaths of Fidelity and Alle-
giance to it; and have had the protection of His Majesty's
Governmt in common with his other Subjects in that Pro-
vince. This being the case, these Indians when the advice of
a Rupture between His Majesty and the King your Master
was hourly expected, under the pretext of sending a Deputa-
tion to Mr Mascarene to desire that they might remain in
Peace and Amity wth the EngUsh, notwithstanding War shou'd
happen between the two Crowns, gain'd Admission into Anna-
polis Royal for some of their Tribe who were in Reality (as
it afterwards prov'd) Spies, and having obtain'd Mr Masca-
reno's agreement to what they pretended to propose in behalf
of their Tribe, and being honourably treated and dismissed
by him return'd in three Weeks after, among others of their
Tribe with their Missionary de'Loutre at their head, Sur-
prized and Killed as many of the English at Annapolis Royal
as they caught without the Fort, destroy'd their Cattle,
Burnt their Houses, and continued their acts of Hostility
against the Garrison till the Arrival of two of the four first
Companies I sent from Now England for the Reinforcemt of
it : such was the entrance of these Indians, Sir, into the War
viith us, and their Alliance with you.

For tins Perfidious Behaviour I oaus'd war to be declared'
in his Majesty's name agst. these Indians at Boston in Novem-
ber 1744 and so far as tt depends upon, mo, they shall not bes

, ; "iimi^

^^P

ROTA SJOTIA DOCUMEKTS.

370

admitted, Sir,, to ^^^^^/SchaJJ^tX"^^^^^^
proper Submission for tfcer Tr^^j'tj^, Treaty of Peace

:L'ii!^ tnypa^t strictly Observe meve^^^ .^

As to what you l'»^%\3';7j ''.['port the Indians in
letter concerning yo^r 'ptentions to su^po

acts of Hostility «S-"f, "JJ^T^ Tnd'^he da'gL the PrV
the terms there P^^^^'bjd by ^ou^^^ S^^ ^^^

tiers of the Massachu sett Bay in p ^^.^ ^^^^^ . ^^^^^

you have a speedy & 1 ojitiveaiib H . ^ new

i have to say in -"«^^'°;^ '^>'*t/,/de rous to have perfect
Rupture between us arid am very desi^ Government;

tranquillity restor;d to the 1 "-"^ "<=^ ;'° ^^j /„« think fit to

Pleasure to have em d^it. . ^ surprize at the

1 can't avoid '»°;!' , J;'^?!^ yo^u fake upon you to call

tnSafthatof expufcon from t e Pro.^^^^ ^^.^^

The Right you ^^^f.'.^SkieL's Subjects of Nova Scotia
France to reside among his Majesty s o j forbidding

as their Priests, and, in consequence »[ tha^^y^j ^^^^ ^tate oi
his Majesty's Governour to make ^^"^ ^^^j^^^^ St,^ordinary :
Religion and its ™"\f f^^^ *^^^^' 'l^'^^ion to remark to you
and I r«V ThoTtte^Tch the bXp of Quebec lately
that I think the lett^ ^^ „„•' „ his intended Visitation of

wrote to Mr M^««"7<fX™Svl^™ Jnt rSuch Terms as
his Majesty's Subjects in that bovornmen goui^ and

S^l^oSdiSr Se£ t i^rao^inary attempt,

-^r'^^S^Vnh^^egsP^f^

Subjects in Nova '^^^t'^'^J.'^^^^^^d his requiring others of
abli Practices against.his Crown and '^'^ ^f „'^>^ ^,„,.d your
'emtorenewtheirOaJisof Fdehty^an ^^.^^.^ .^ ^^^^^

treating the Subjects P^ Jj« ^™TeVas Subjects of his most

WENCH KNCROACHllEKTS IN NOVA SCOTIA.

371

Me still more surprizing : and as these attempts are Manitest
Invasions of the undoubted Right wch. every Prince has over
his Subjects, I can't but look upon 'em as Insults upon his
Majesty's Government wch. require no further answer.

After tiiese attempts. Sir, upon his Majesty's Right of Go-
vernment over his Subjects in Nova Scotia, I am loss sur-
prized at your encroachmts u^n the limits of his Province,
wch. you are pleased to call m your letter Dependencies of
the Government of Canatla.

As to your Demand for the Release of the two Indians
carry'd off by Captn. Gorham, I can't allow. Sir, that you have
u right to interpose in that affair, and Mr. Gorham has satisfied
me that he committed no breach of Publick faith iu doing it

I can't conclude without making use of this opportunity to
acquaint you. Sir, that we look upon Fort St. Predenc at
Crown Point as an Encroachment upon las Majesty's Terri-
tories, and in case vou proceed to settle the Country round it,
shall esteem those Settlements so too, unless that tract has been
ceded to you by the late Definitive treaty at Aix la Chapelle.

I am sorry, Sir, that the first fruits of tlic Peace on your
part have so unpromising an aspect and beg you will be per-
suaded that nothing shall be wanting in me to preserve that
right understanding wch, subsisted between U3 during tho
wai-, having the honour to be wth. the moat perfect Regard,

Sir,
Your most humble & most

Obedient Servant,

Marquis La Galissonniere. W, SHIRLEY.

Copy. W. Shirley, I

Indorted—Jiecii. 11 July 17*9. Entered per

Copy of Letter from Chvernor Cormeallis to Captain Bout,
Commander of His Majesty's Ship Albany.

Sib, — , „

I liave received information by letters from Governor
Shirley and Colonel Mascarene to Govr. Hopsou, copies of
both which he sent me. tliat the French are erecting a Fort or
Ports at the mouth of St. John's River-, information likewise
that the French are endeavouring to make a settlement at
Port Mouton, on Cape Sable Coast. As this is a direct viola-
tion of Treaty, St. Johns River being undoubtedly within the
limite of Nova Scotia ; Aa a French Fort there might be of

3,j2 NOVA 4C0TIA DOCUMENTS.

„„ *^ *hia Province and the other Bri.
dangerous consequence to th.8 rrovin ^^^ .^^.^^ ^^

tish Colonies >" .^orth Ai^enca, 1 mi o j. ^

forffisMaesty's service, 2^,**/°^ ^^^^jX-; River, there to
Sloop now under your c^mand to St John^ K^^ ^ ,^^^^ ^^

them as your own P'^'^^P^^^^^'^^^ r;ouCd any appearance
r^s^etSeSKef^fwIflutf^^^^^^^^^

^Tor^il receive hc-ith a ^-la^^^^^^^ T^anyC t"

fhe King of Great Br>ta.n; and - /^^« M^f^^^/..^^^^^^

'^'^"^ve "kewSS^^^^^^^ Commander of AnnapolTs

CaC to g^ve r^hat Troops you may have occasion tor.

^ ^ ^" *" ED. CORNWALLIS.

M. La Jonqukre* to Govermr ComwaUU.
(TniMlated from the French.)

Quebec, 25th Oct., 1749.
^™'T ,. * +o^Jor vnn mv very sincere thanks for the

''t ItrlZVe-bee. highly .g»Uf™ £. Xil'l' —
p.ttd your polif"." *)■ •""2r"uJ 'ySit "he weU.re

been entrusted to us.

.onniere in the Governmen. of Canad. in Augj. m j^,^^^.,,^^ i„^„ded to
,nd third in Command of the «'"' ""' "X-h .fUr having been dupersed
Sestroy the Briti.h Settlement, mAe»d»,jhich .ft«^^^ .J^^^^ j i

bv repeated gales of wind, put into ^''«""'" '? „-,her expedition in 1747,
SJnquiere waf afterward, placed >" command of "O'her^ ^^^,^ ,„a Warren
destined for Canada and Aoadia. The »"«?» ^^* , engagement the French
: ItlliS.rir'^Xrr t/ Ar..Vot r and au'ti^e E«t India .hip.

FBENCH ENCROACHMENTS IN NOTA SCOTIA.

373

Tt is not to day that your merit has become known to me ;
•Inr^n^ my Say In England I was witness of the many praises

iris 'viits^of h:Sy^s-.£i

aZ thre. Urcd of the ..id P""""' .H mThr».«Eet
sent him an officer to agree 'JP°"/,T^ Pf jJ^J^ "^e^^^^^^

prisoners, among whom was La Jon^mere mms ,„^<,eeded in the govern-
17th May, 1752, in the 6uh year of his age, ana wa j^^^ „ to

mentby the Marquis du Q-ej^f ^« OornwaUis while residing in England a«
have made the »'=q'"""'»o'"' °' ^SL"^" ^^"^Uc^Gameau'. Canada , i/oJ««
. prisoner of war. ColM'o^ ^- '^X* ^„^,u. ; CornwaUx,- Utters.
American AnnaU; Univertal Uut , js. lorms^
N. a. MS. Documents.

374

irOTAJ SCOTIA DOCUHEHTS.

fortune of these poor pfloplo in general, I was ready to send
away at a moment's mtfce all the English and the Anmeri.
who remain in my govetinraent. , , .. „ . „„j

But a great obstada at first presented itself to my goort
wishes, in the opposition which the chiefs of tlio Abenakis of
the village of St. Francis made to the release of your pri-
soners, on the ground that twenty six Abenaquis had been
carried off. and that thcjy were detained about Boston, i lett
nothing unsaid to appe^e these savages ; they stronglv per-
sisted in their opposition and told me, even openly, that it
their brothers did not immediately recover their liljerty, they
would take up the hatchet. - r ^i

I was then obliged to give way to the entreaties of these
savages— their nation ^ving always been feithful to the king

my master. ™. , x en • i

I wrote, in couse^^hence, to Afessrs. Clinton and blnrly.
Governors of New Yoj-k and Boston, and sent them the inter-
preter of the said savakes to demand from them tlie discharge
of tlie prisoners. I agfeed with the English deputy as to the
spot where the respeciive exchange should take place ; and
as soon as I shall hav*i information that the prisoners of my
government have beeri conveyed thither, I shall send away all
the English and the A finiers to the same place.
^ You see, Sir, that I am doing my best, that the subjects of
the Kings our master^, may enjoy that tranquillity which the
general peace gives tljera the right to lay claim to. _

With respect to thb river St. John, the Marquis de la Gar
lissonniere has done I quite right in sending there a good
detachment. You mi^st be well aware that I have sent one
into the settlements of Delkekondiack, Memerancougs and
Chipudv The officeBs who command at those stations have
orders to maintain thpir position, and to prevent the forma-
tion, by you, of any dstablishment there, until the true limits
of Acadia and New France have been regulated by tlie two
crowns ; and until thfen, I am quite right in observing to you.
Sir, that you cannot itiaintain with so much precision, that the
coast of the river St. John belongs to the King of Great
Britain. I might give you proofs of the contrary; but as t
Lave just had the honor to observe to you, this question is to
be decided by the twio crowns. x .i k- v ,v

I can not offer any I obstruction to the orders of the bishop
of Quebec, who, as aj good pastor should take care of those
entrusted to him ; and on this subject I have the honor to call
your attention to the Articles granted to the inhabitants of
Acadie in 1727.

FBBNCH KN0B0ACHMEOT3 IN NOVA SCOTIA.

375

By the second f^^^^y^^T^f^^tTl^^y
selves whenever they shall think proper ^^^^.^^ ^^

the third article, they ^^T^^l^^SrSh^^^^^ Apostolic, and
their religion, and t^.^^J^PTfi;^^ which yon yourselves
Roman. Now, according to the law ^" J j^ j ^j j^^

have made, these '°i'^b't'^"*«„^\VTnopr.est can administer
without difficulty, and you know "^ "l" P"^?\„ jt is this,
The sacraments without the ''PF^^^.f^ ^^^^^^^^ prelate'.

Z-^t 3r^^esZi^t S=e Itrf gratification they

''? iiuTend them back to Mr Clinton with all the other
prisoners when we make the exxihange^ concerning the

^ I have, in the mean ff^^ made enquiries ^

five savages you do me tl'" bonor^ o sp.^^^^^^^
that there were three who had e?^"^^^^^ ^^ „^ti^,, had

'''"'^"*" I have the honor t« bo

with all possible esteem and consideration

Sir, Ac, Ac, ^^ joNQUIERE.

Govermr Corr»vaUis to M. La Jonquure.

[Translated from the French.]

^^^■r- . • 1 ti,a ipttpv which you did me the

I have ust received the lettei.wmcny .^ .^

honor to write to me on the 25tU of October. ^^ ^

difficult to believe that a "'^ViS^ ^^^ 't to ^^^ ^ff*^"" °^ *'^'
de la Galissonniere's letter. With respect to ^^^^^

exchange of prisoners in wl"ch you ^o>?p ^>"j^ g^^^ tj^e I
nors of'New York and New England, as t is h e .^

have heard of it I am "«* P/^P^f .."/on^ t^U you have, to-

^„:;°;irrs t^s^:% " = ^«' "'"■ ^'- •"■

^^^ywmpifr

376

HOVA 8C0TU DOCtTMBNTB.

of the conduct of M. de la Galissonni^re in reference to tie
river St John, but that you yourself have sent detachments
into that province, as fkr as Selkikoudiac, Memerancours and
Chippodie. It is to ypur letter that I am indebted for the
first information of thiij, which causes me to hope that your
detachments have not yet arrived there, and that yon will give
orders to prevent their arrival, as I cannot possibly imagine
any thing more contrary to the good faith and confidence
which subsist between the two crowns, or more opposed to
the law of nations. It is true that I have become aware,
since my arrival here, that their Britannic and most Christian
majesties have agreed to name Commissioners to settle the

™Does it follow from! that, that I am to send detachments
through the whole of Canada, or you through Nova Scotia I

Sir, notwithstanding the proofs which you think yon can
eive to the contrary, I am quite right in maintaining, that,
until the two crowns have agreed otherwise, the whole coast
of St. John and those places into which you write to me that
you are sending detachments, are comprised in Nova bcotia.
is to the places abont which there could be any^difficulty,
you can not be ignorant that the rule is, " There shall be no
change at all, nor shall any establishment be made there, nor
shall any troops bo sept there." .

I have forwarded this letter by an express courier, m order
to communicate my sentiments to you, and to warn you that
I shall give notice of the same to his Britannic Majesty ; and
while awaiting his orders I shall do what I consider my duty.

I have the honor to be

With all possible respect.
Sir &c. &c.

Halifax, Nov. Ist, l|749

&c.

ED: CORNWALLIS.

Extract from a Letter of Govr. Launreiux to Gwr.

[COPY.]

Shirley.

Halifax, 5 Nov. 1754.

Being well informed that the French have designs of en-
croaching still further upon his Majesty's rights in this Pro-
vince, and that they propose the moment they have repaired
the Fortifications of Louisburg to attack our Fort at Chig-

FBBWCH BNCBOACHMBNTB IM NOVA SCOTU.

377

««„♦« T think it high time to make some effort to drive them
O^ M sSf of the Bay of Fundy. But as it ,s ,m-
po^ible for rne to collect men enough to e^««^t« t^'^^^f'Sn
Sm ? weakenine the metropolis and exposing the Settlers
^SuVrrt of the Province to the insults of the French and
indtL I hafe sent the bearer Lt. Col. Monckton to Solu^it
your as«i«tance and to advise with 7-! Ex-Uency how such

tHs occasion but to defray all charges that may arise out of
Se money Ranted for this Colony concerning which I have
tne money g'""''"' Halifax Your Excellency must nn-

£air£sen°siwfwhatfn^ advantage we shalf gain upon

Se Sh by attacking them first more ^Xf.S Prlnch
Chief dependance is the Indians and our deserted l! rencn
Inl abiSs who most probably will leave them when they find

twnXSlBhould be g-^rVttSrtJitf a weJ
did not endeavour to avail myself of this «PP°^;"'"\^;^',o„^.
to assert his Maiesty's just and undoubted right to that coun
try they have so unwarrantably taken P0«««««'°" .^f' *„\^,
sSw alfthe resentment in my power to their >nsults on his
domains and subjects to the SouthwarJ and P^^^^^^^^
facilitate their extirpation in those P^^s ^7 «ti" J"™ '^^^^

1 nir Vt iC ii'Jr'Pi^r^

878

NOVi SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

enterprize, and I am tliL farther induced to give credit to thi8
information because I well know the difficultioB they labor
under at present for w|nt of land to put the deserted inhabi-
tants upon who they afo now obliged chiefly to maintain at
the Kings Charge, and for want of a free navigation in the
Bay of Fundy they are put to such streights for Provisions
that they dare not collect tho Indians in Bodies near them for
fear so great a Consuipption should cause a general famine
and oblige them to qu^t the Country. This I say Sir is my
first and principal indjicement, strongly corroborated by the
great desire I have to phew a proper resentment to their en-
croachments upon thii Colony in particular and their viola-
tion of treaties all ovt^r His Majesty's dominions on tho Con-
tinent of America, audi these considerations must undoubtedly
be of the greatest weight with a person of your Excellency's
known zeal for His Majesty's interest and the publick welfare.
But I must still menticfn some few things tliat come properly
under your notice in yjour particular charge of the Massachu-
sets as your Excellency was the first mover of the iindertak-
ing the settlement of this province by way of a Barrier to the
Eastern Parts of N. E you may well conceive how little it can
answer that design while tha French possess Beausejour and
St John River as they have by that means a short and easy
communication (by w4y of Bay of Verte) from Louisbourg to
St. John, I think only five days march, as well as tlie oppor-
tunity of annoying ttie shipping of Your Excellency's Go-
vernment from tho North side of the Bay in time of War.
Neither do I imagintj that this Colony can answer any pur-
pose until the French are driven away from our neighborhood,
as they are continually using every means in their power to
draw our French luhaibitants from their duty and allegiance
by threats, promises and forgeries that they propogate amongst
them by means of thejir missionaries as well as the annoyance
they give his Majesty's Subjects by the Indians who they are
for ever setting on to perpetrate mischief and to discourage
any attempt that may be made to cultivate the land and ex-
tend our settlements. I am sensible I have already taken up
too much of your Expys. time by enlarging upon a subject
you are much better versed in than myself I shall now pro-
ceed to inform you that I have already taken the precaution
of sending two armed vessels into the Bay with positive
orders to prevent any corn being carried to the French from
Pisiquid, Mines or Annapolis Royal, for which purpose the
Council of this province have passed an Act laying a very

FBEKCH ENCB0ACHMENT8 IN NOVA SCOTIA.

379

heavv oenalty on the exportation of Grain without a permit
from me I wish we could as easily prevent their being sirp-
pliedTrom the Continent, but. that I fear we cannot so eff c^
tually hinder, tho' nothing in my power shall be wanting

*The next thing to be considered is the security of this

Spli «( i station Ship'at B»f » fofh'i't'.ft'ri S te.rf
.pfreUond it will be time enou(;h to do that after 1 l.ail Iitam

'Tp'op»e «»' "■• '>"'«' «"•'■ '■°"*"'° •'',id°:;fweVt

Mo^tck » t «»?in,it,a credit upon Mes.,.;^,^"/.^"?

Kti"^u»:;,iS.:^*.tT4irt£»t't/.

-tevt?:sT.f..is»s=0"H!^n
:Ksr/s;e-°iriSresnrr.^'°^^.

"trCLfer'pow?™ ffi r„Soiio„, »«, n,.de out..

Excellency's hearty concurrence. I beg leave to ass y
that I am with the greatest respect & esteem,

! Sir

I Yr. Excellency's &c.

Halifax, Nov. 5, 1754.
To Govr. Shirley.

880

NOVA

SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

Oovernor ShUley * to Oovernor Lawrence.

, Boston, Nov. 7 th, 1754.
(Duplicate.) !

Sib,— I

I received the originals, of which the inclos'd are Copies
from Sir Thos. Robinsoiij by the last Ship, and lest those sent
your Honour should by ^ccident have miscarry'd, I transmit
you copies of those wch. I have received.

I construe the contents to be orders to us to act in Concert
for taking any advantages to drive the Prencli of Canada out
of Nova Scotia when th^t may be done consistently with the
Safety of the English Settlements there.

If that is your sense of them and your honour will be pleas'd
to let me know whether jy'ou want any and what assistance to
Enable you to execute the Orders, and communicate such
plan as you shall judge tnost proper for eflfecting this, I will
endeavour to send you sjich assistance from this Province, as
you shall want, in time, ^nd shall readily Co-operate with you
in such measures, as shall be thought best for promoting the
propos'd Service.

I would in particular (^esire of your honour to let me know
what sea force you judge requisite to dislodge the French
from their forts on St. Jdhn's River and to cut them off from
Supplies at the forts upon the Isthmus from Louisbourg by
the way of Bay Verte, aid thr6 the Bay of Funda.

* William Shirley was s native of England, born about the year 1693. He
was by profession a lawyer, and had been in office in London. He removed to
Boston with his family about 17B5 or 6, where he continued to reside, following
the practice of the law, until Appointed Governor of Massachusette in 1741.
Governor Shirley planned the eKpedition against Louisbourg in 1745 ; in which
year he received the rank of Cojonel of foot. He was appointed Major General
in the British Army in 1755, with the superintendence of the military opera-
Uons in the Northern Colonies, and was Coramander-in Chief for a short time
after the death of Genl. Braddo^k. Having failed to accomplish an expedition
against Niagara in 1766, he was suspended from the command of the army
and ordered to England, where he was badly received. He, however, after
much labour, was enabled to exculpate himself from the charges made against
him, and published several pamphlets in his own defence. In 1759 he became
a Lieut. General, and after long solicitations obtained the Government of the
Bahama Islands , in which he wfas succeeded by his son Thomas. He finally
returned to Massachusetts, and died at his seat near Roxbury in 1771, and his
remains were interred with the honors of war under the King's Chapel in the
Capital. He was one of the Commissioners on the part of Great Britain for
settling the limits of Acadia, and was the author of the well known publication
entitled, " Memorials of the English and French Commissaries," dated 2l8t
Sept, 1750, wherein he claimed for the British all the land east of the Penob-
scot River and south of the St. I.awrence, as constituting Ancient Acadia. He
was also the author of a work e»titled, " Memoirs of the Ute War in America,"

FRENCH ENCROACHMENTS IN NOVA SCOTIA.

381

It gives me a real pleasure, yt. 1 have the honour of being
joined in this Service for procuring an happy deliverance to
his Majesty's Northern Colonies from the danger of the present
neighbourhood of the French in their Incroachmts. within
your Honour's Governmt. with a gentleman of whoso Zeal
and abilities for promoting the Service of our King and
Country in this Instance I have so high an Opinion.
I have the honour to be

with great esteem and regard.
Sir,
Your Honours most humble

and most obedient Servant,

W. SHIRLEY.

Hon. Lt. Govr. Lawrence.

Nov. 12.

I inclose your Honour an extract from my letter to Sir
Thomas Robinson upon this Subject for your perusal : Yon
will be pleased to send to his office what you may have to add
to the contents by the first opportunity from Halifax, and to
favour me with an answer to my letter to yourself, as soon as
you conveniently can.

I am.

Sir,

as before,

W. SHIRLEY.

hidor$ed,—Vieci. per Homer, Nov. 27.

printed in London in 1767, and several other publications. He had long urged
on the home government the necessity, as well as the imporUnce, of establishing
a British Colony in Nova Scotia upon a permanent basis, and in 1748 devised a
scheme for that purpose, which he submitted to the Secretary of State ; its
details were numerous and elaborate, and embraced the design of Introducing
British settlers among the French in the interior of the country. It was not
adopted, but copies of his letters were furnished to Governor Cornwallis on
account of the local information they contained.

Governor Shiiiley supported the Massachusetts Assembly in their opposition
to the plan for the Union of the American Colonies for the purposes of defence
agreed upon at Albany in 1754. Though a firm ^pporter of the prerogative
of the Crown, *" it was the height of his good fojtnne," says Minot, " by »
apirit of accommodation to avoid the broils which had been so constantly
fomenting between the Chair and the Assembly in preceding AdministraUons.
Mr. Minot, in his Hist, of Massachusetts, pays the following tribute to hM
memory: "Although he held some of the most lucrative offices within the gift
of the Crown in America, yet he left nothing to his posterity but a reputation
in which his virtues greatly prevailed over his faults, and which has not been
iurpassed by that of any succeeding Governor under the English sovereignty.;'—
N.Y. Col. Doe., Ti., 959; SmilKt Hut. y. Y. ; AUen's Biographical D%e. ;
Minot t Hui. Maa., vol. 1, p. 292-397-, N. S. MS. Dot.; Huiduiuon'* .Bui.
Mau., coniinuaiion, p. 16.

>fl

382

NOVAl SCOTIA ftOCOMENTS.

Hairad from G&vr. Shirley's letter to Sir T. Robinson, dated
Boston in N^ England, 23d. May, 1754.

I purpose to set out ftr the Eastern parts of this Province
m about 17 days, with fi party of 500 men, which is to pro-
ceed up the River Kennebeck in quest of the French Port, or
Settlement, said to be erected or made there in the summer
before last, of which I had the honour to acquaint the Rt:
Hon: the Earl of Eolde^nesse in a former letter, and to cause
a Fort to be built aboutj60 miles up the River, and to have an
interview with the Norr^dgwalk, Penobscot and Arregunticook
Indians at Falmouth in CascoBay; But if the Advices are
well founded, which I hajve this morning received from Halifax
and Annapolis Royal, t|iat some of the rebel Inhabitants of
bchiegnecto, together with the Indians of the Peninsula, and
fet. John 8 River are through the influence of the French Gar-
rison at Beausejour engi^ged in any enterprize to break up all
the Eastern Settlements of this Province as far as the River
Kennebeck, where it is suspected thev are gone, the Force
which IS raised to proceed with me will not be sufficient to
Execute the design I go upon.

If the advices are true, they will afford you, Sir, one
Instance of the many mischievous Consequences to the Col-
onies of New England, ^s well as to His Majesty's Province
of Nova Scotia, which ! must proceed from the French of
Canada's having possessed themselves of the Isthmus of the
I eninsula, and St. Johnis River in the Bay of Funda and
continuing their Encroichments within his Majesty's' Ter-
ntories.

Sir Thomas B<fbimon to Governor Shirley,

Whitehall, July 5, 1754,

inL^'^T^r^'^'^f'^ ^^^ '*''^ ^^^"""^ *'^^ ^i"g your letter of the
10th ot May, wherein you give an account of the Enterprize,
in which. It was said, the Indians in Nova Scotia, under the
Influence of France, w^re engaged, in order to break up aU '
the Jiastern Settlements of your Province, as far as the River
Kennebeck, where it wag suspected they were gone, which if
true, you were afraid, t|ie Force you have now under your
command, would not be Sufficient for your Operations on that
Kiyer : I have the King^s Orders to repeat his Royal Appro-
bation and Encouragement, already signified to you in my

"M^mHn^M^

PRBWCH EKCKOACfiltEMTB IN KOVA SCOTIA.

883

letter of the 21st June, his Majesty not doubting, but that yo o
will continue the same Zeal and Vigour, with which you an d
the Government under your care, have begun to act, in
defence of the just Rights and Possessions of His Majesty's
Crown.

With respect to your present Apprehension of not having
force enough to proceed in your expedition on the River
Kennebeck, you will without doubt have given immediate
Intelligence thereof, to Colonel Lawrence — Lieutenant Gov-
ernor of Nova Scotia, and will have concerted the properoat
measure with him for taking all possible advantage in Nova
Scotia itself, from the absence of those Indian.^, in case Mr .
Lawrence shall have force enough to attack the Forts erected
by the French, in those parts, without exposing the English
Settlements : and I am particularly to acquaint you, that i i
you have not already entered into such a concert with Colo.
Lawrence, it is his Majesty's Pleasure you should immediately
proceed thereupon, and I now send that Gentleman a copy of
this Letter, by the King's Order, that it may serve as His
Majesty's Instruction to him, as well as yourself
I am
Sir,

Your most Obedient
humble Servant,
' T. ROBINSON.

P.S. — T send you herewith a Copy of my Letter to Colonel
Lawrence.

(A true Copy.)

W. Shirley.

Sir Thomas Robinson to Governor Lawrence.

Whitk Hall, July 5, 1754.
Sir,—

Having received a very material Letter from Governor
Shirley, dated the 23rd of itay, I am, by the King's order, to
send you the enclosed extract thereof, together with a copy
of the Answer, which I have wrote to him. by his Majesty's
Command, and which you will consider as an Instruction to
yourself upon this important occasion. His Majesty does not
doubt, but that you will jointly with Mr. Shirley execute
these orders with the greatest Prudence and zeal, and that

384

NOVA IICOTIA DOCUMENTS.

you will take such efiFe(^tual measures as will frustrate the
designs of the French and will procure an essential Benefit to
your own Government.

I am, &c.,

T. ROBINSON.

(A True Copy)

W. Shiblet.

Extract from a Letter
Bobinson,

Governor Shirley to Sir Thomas
dated Now. 11, 1754.

About a week ago I had the Honour to receive your letter
dated the 5th of July, acquainting me that it was his Majesty's
pleasure that I should cpncert the properest measures with
Col. Lawrence Lt. Governor of Nova Scotia for taking all
possible advantage in thait Province of the supposed absence
of the Indians inhabiting it in case he had force enough to
attack the French Forts erected in those parts, without ex-
posing the English Settllemts. there : and that if I had not
already entered into suclji a concert with Colonel Lawrence I
should immediately procfled thereupon.

This supposed absenqe of the Indians proving to be a
mistake, the advantage pk-opos'd from it could not be taken.
But as it seems to be tjhe spirit and intent of his Majesty's
Commands that Colo. La'jvrence and I should act in concert
for taking any proper Advantage for attacking the French
forts erected in Nova Scotia, without leaving the English
Settlemts. there exposed : I have acquainted him with my
construction of those orders, and that if he construes them in
the same sense and will! let me know whether he wants any
and what assistance to citable him to execute them, and com-
municate to me such plan as he shall think most proper for
the Service, I would en(Jeavour to send him the assistance
from this Province in time and readily Co-operate witii him in
such measures as shall be judg'd best by us for eflfecting the
proposed Service. j

It Colonel Lawrence had a sufficient force to attack the
French forts and keep the field against the revolted inhabi-
tants of Schiegnecto nowi drawn off to them, and the Collected
strength of the other French Settlements scatter'd up and
down in those parts whiqh openly avow the interest of Canada
and disclaim all obedience to his Majesty's Governrat. I
believe he would make op great accot of the Indians ot Nova

FRENCH ENCB0ACHMEOT8 IN NOVA BCOTIA.

385

e ^• Tl,n.,^h thev when join'd with the other Eastern
Scotia: Though t^«y I, nf Canada might have been a formi-
Indians, and some Pff^^^l^.^fXp J^es ,. their late march
t^herJort e Kr'Ktnebrcrrc.'thrp' a wilderness
Onl^trv a servi^.e of itself extremely fatiguing and m wch

rSrt« ;.of the ^:j:^^^t^sz^za
rif;:t^rCbo7; thtmin^^^^^^^^^^

Rei; ars or Sen the New Euglaud Militia but Bmall inter-
Keguiars or even ^ , = tQ be dreaded m

"•^U 'is'^Versally agreed by everv English Officer of No-
<^cotia. with whom I have conversM here as a thing certa m
fhittlSe principal French fort at Beau Sejour may be easily
cu t off Irl tLir water which it is said ^hey a- obliged o

to ptduce tt» by fc fore, of irtillery, yet "■•>«"■= '!3
"^ wtt tips on/aStbe requisite over and above what

386

■OTA SCOTtA DOCUMEHtB.

50 Guu Ship at least cruizing or station'd uear Bay Vert;
whether hisMajesty hath ai|y of that force in tlwBC parts I ,

^I'^S'the most advantaKecjtKs opportunity for attacking the
French Forts Sir, I would with great submission observe that
fheTr Incroachmts'. upon, the 0hio%eem at^ present to require
all Ihe forces they can spare out of Canada to support them,
wch tfcems a considerable cBrcumstance in our favour.

AnXr advantage is byjtho defection of the Inhabitant
of Schiegnecto to the Frencl., that district wch. fiath a greater
quantity of rich Arable h^d than any other part of Nova
Scotia I's now left vacant, sojthat there is room for 500 or per^
haps 1000 families to be fettled there, wch. it done with
persons ol Industry and Society and acquainted ;^ith Hus^
bandry whose fidelity and attachment to His Majest^v s Govt,
may be depended upon, such I call settlers Either from
Seat Bri Jn, New England or the North of Ireland won J
by its Neighbourhood to the King's Garrison there greatly
strengthen it-upon occasion be an exceeding good barrier to
the Fetrinsula by securing: the Isthmus and a curb to the
French Inhabitants of Minafe and Annapohs River by a Con-
tinual Inspection of their behaviour with tliem ,

I bee leave, Sir, further to observe that the Icmger this
service is put off, the moroi difficult it grows on every acct
It is certafu that it might h*ve been much more easily efTeGted
than it can now, if the small party wch. was at first sent to
St. John's R4ver under an Ansigns Command h«<^Jeen imme-
diately remov'd and the Party wch. first appe«ir d under the
Command of Monsieur de 1^ Corn in Schiegnecto without any
sort of Cannon to defend jthem had been drove out of the
Province before the one anjl the other had strengthened them-
selves so much as they hav^ done. And it seems equally cer-
tain that the longer it is ddlay'd * '« French works wi I g oW
still stronger, and Fiance part with them with greater reluc-
tencJand if an open Rupture should happen between the
S.0 Crowns before the Ffench are di«lodg'd whoever con-
siders the superior strength of their Fort on the Isthmus ta
those of the English, and the superior number "f ^n^'^b^"'*
there who are in the French Interest to those whose at ach-
ment to the English interest can be depended upon will not
be at a loss to determine wch. nation would be »o t^l'^ely to
stand their ground longest in the Province: The Eng islv
indeed have It present much the greatest "P^'^f ^ ^^J^^^
Troops in it but its well Imown how expeditious the French

FREKCH ENCB0ACHMENT8 IN NOVA SCOTIA.

387

are in bringing Troops into a Country wch, they would win :
what opportunities they have of doing that into Nova Scotia
by surprize and how sudden and fatal a blow they gave to
Canao and the King's Garrison there with an armament fitted
out from Louisbourg immediately after the declaration of the
last war.

I think it my duty, Sir, further to observe that if Nova
Scotia should be lost by any sudden blow the Eastern parts
of tlie Province of Massachusetts Bay, and the whole Province
of New Hampshire (within wch. Tracts of Territory are
included tlie Woods from whence the Royal Navy is now
eupply'd with Masts, Yards and Bowsprits) together wiili the
Rivers of St. John's, Pontagoet and Kennebeck, and all the
Sea coast as far as Merrimack River with the whole fishery
to the Westward of Newfoundland must soon fall into the
possession of the French most likely in the same Spring and if
they should hold these acquisitions together with Canada and
Louisbourg that they would then have it in their power to
assemble and support a very large body of Regular Troops
in these parts (wch. they cant possibly do long at present)
and by the Situation of their New Sea Coast abounding with
most Commodious Harbours for the largest ships of war,
perhaps be able to dispute the mastery of the Eastern part of
the Atlantick Ocean wth. the British Navy: How far. Sir,
Buch an event might go towards determining the fate of the
Colonies seems easy to conceive. It would certainly be
extremely difficult to retrieve such a loss by force of arms
and it is probable that France must be greatly exhausted and
reduced to as feeble a state as she was in at the time of
making the Treaty of Utrecht, before she could be brought to
make another Cession of Nova Scotia to the Crown of Great
Britain : How great an Object this Country is. Sir, in the
Eyes of the French seems to appear from the risque they
run in the destination of much the greatest part of their naval
force under the Command of the Duke D'Auville during th«
late War to the Coast of Nova Scotia at a time when Great
Britain was in possession of Cape Breton with a strong
squadron lying in the Harbour of Louisbourg and the arrivd
of a Stronger under the Command of Admiral Lestock was
daily expected at the same place : And the manifest incroach-
ments they have made upon it since the conclusion of the
present Peace even whilst the negotiations of Commissaries
wch. both Crowns had very lately agreed to ia a^ solemn
manner for settling the disputed limits was actaaDy holding

388

HOVi SCOTTA hjOVUtSn.

T I

at Paris seem to shew tbnt the Bent of their Councils is still
the same— whether if tliey shonld be snffer'd to go on
Btrenffthening theraselve* in their incroachmts. nntil they
should be in a condition to become masters of the whole
orovince, they may not be tempted to find some pretence for
declaring war in order to avail themselves of snch an oppor-
tunity • or whether the Wresting of those holds out of their
hands before they arrive to such a pitch of strength, and
curbing them with a line of forts near the Borders of Canada
would not tend to make the present Peace more lasting and
Bolid lire matters wch. thq' they do not lie within the Comijass
of my Knowledge in publfck affairs to determine yet I thought
not improper for me to mention for your consideration.

I should have mention'd it among the advantages ot driving
the French of Canada ou^ of Nova Scotia now that it would
give New England and particulariy the Province of the Mas-
Mchusetts Bay a most grftteful sense of His Majesty's Pater-
nal care of his Colonies and animate them to Exert them-
selves in the Common caijse at this critical Conjuncture.

Tho' I have mentioned, Sir, that the opinion of several
Officers of Nova Scotia isj that the addition of 1000 New P.ng-
land men to the Regular Troops wch. could be spar'd to attack
the French Forts would be sufficient, yet I would not be un-
derstood to say either th^t that would be a sufficient force, or
that so great an one would be necessary, that is a matter wch.
is wholly with Colonel Lawrence to determine : 1 am apt to
think however that as it will be a very essential part oi the
service that the French should be dislodg-d from the Fort
near the mouth of the River St. John's, and it shonld be done
at the same time that the French forts on the Istlimns are
attacked, he may bo of opinion that it may be advisable tor
him to be assisted from New England with some Troops lu
that part of the Enterprise.

It IS not practicable for us to have a consultation together
by letter before the latest Vessells wch. are employ 'd in the
English Trade from henqe will take their departure this sea-
son but we shall be able to agree upon measures m a very
few weeks for the reduction of the French Forts early in next
year in case it should be his Majesty's pleasure to have that

°These orders should arrive here by the latter end of March
or first week in April tobe in time for beginmng the opera-
tions early in the year, and if they were sent in a 50 Ixun
Ship instead of one of | his Majesty's Sloops, that miglit be

FBEKCH KN0B0ACHMENT8 IN NOVA SCOTIA.

389

sufficient for the service together vniti the three Ships now
upon the Boston, New York and Virginia stations, all wch.
should have express orders to assist in it. The first London
Ships belonging to the New England Trade usually sail for
Boston in the middle of February. If you would be "pleas d
to send, Sir, a Copy of his Majesty's orders to Mr. BoUan
agent for this province he would take care to transmit them
to me, wch. might possibly save time: If Letters are trans-
mitted under Cover to me for the Captains upon the New
York and Virginia Stations I could forward them by an
express by Land.

Oovernor Shirley to Oovemor Lawrence.

Boston Dec. 14th 1754.

Sib,—

I had the honour of your packets by Lt. Col. Moncton,
containing your proposals for driving the French of Canada
out of Nova Scotia according to the Scheme lay'd down in
your letters to me and Instructions to Colonel Moncton^

I view'd this plan most justly calculated by your Honour
for his Majesty's Service with great pleasure and did not hesi-
tate to send you the assistance you desir'd of me for carrying
it into Execution, as soon as I had perused it. ,.,,,•

Two days after this I received news from England that ms
majy. had been pleas'd to order mine and Sir William Pep-
pei-ell's Regimts. to be forthwith reviv'd, and two Brish.
Regimts. to imbark for Virginia upon an Expedition to be
commanded bv Major General Braddock : and since that 1 have
receiv'd my packets from the Secretary at Warr, Sir Ihomas
Robinson, and Lord Haliflix, upon the affair of my Regiment.
As the orders I receivd in them seein'd at first sight to me
to clash with the designed Expedition agt. the French m
Nova Scotia this Spring, I was greatly embarrassed, but soon
came to a determination to co-operate with you in the most
vigorous manner, for effecting the important Service withm
your own Governmt. wch. your Honour may depend upon ray
prosecuting to the utmost of my power. .

As I have had for several days an inevitable load of business
upon my hands, part of wch. consisted in sending the neces-
sary Dispatches to England, to let the Ministry Know my
resolution of co-operating with you, and what part it was
requisite for them to act, in order to enable us to enter into

390

NOVA Scotia documekts.

the propos'd Service in <^ova Scotia^ I begg'd the favour of
Colonel Moncton to acq^nt your Honour very particularly
with what I had detern^in'd in concert with him to do . eo
must desire to referr jtou to his letter wch. goes in this
Vesself wch. I have detained three or four days till 1 couia
dispatch him, and have promis'd him to acquaint you with
it, y t. your Honour may ^ake the master some consideration

"Vsend you by him yUr publick packets from England,
among xvch. your Honour will find two letters from the Lords
of Admiralty, one to Cakn. Rous the other to Captn Kinsey,
containing orders for thetn both to repair forthwith to Virginia,
and put themselves uiide^ the command of Commodore Keppel,
wch Orders Captn. ShiHey, hath likewise received upon this
.Station, as I doubt not the Captns. upon the New York and
Caroline Stations, eitheil have or soon will : . r ,a

I have already wrote to Sir Thomas Robinson and Lord
Halifax, pressing for orders to countermand this as I shall to
Commodore Keppel upon the same affair, and I'ope your
Honour will prevail upon Captn. Rous and Kinsey as I have
done upon Captn. Shirley, not to proceed to Virginia, untiUl
can have an answer at least from Commodore Keppel . and yt
you will be pleas'd to i write yourself both to h.m and t e
Ministry as I have done: for otherwise the Expedition in the
Bay of Funda cannot proceed, nor indeed in any other part ot

'*' It" is now near Eleven at night, and I have been writing
hard ever since Seven in the morning to dispatch a London
ship waiting for my lettjers, and can scarce hold my pen in my

*I hope your Honour l^iU find the Acct. given you in Colonel
Moncton's letter 8atisfaf;tory to vou. «• , i „,„;<,

I am with very great'hopes of finding you effectual assis-
tance seasonably, and tjie most perfect esteem and regard,

Your Honours

Honble. Lt. Govr. Law -ence

Indorsed,— ^ci. by Jones

Dear Sir,

1 most faithfuU and
most obedient Servant,

W. SHIRLEY.

Dec. 27.

' t-

BIEGE OF BEADSEJOUR.

391

♦ Instructions to the Hon. U. Col. Monckion,

(Scroll.)

With these instructions you will receive a letter for
Governor Shirley which at your arrival at Boston you are to
deliver to him and to consult with him how two thov.«andmeu
may be raised with the greatest privacy a?d Jespatch fo the
service of this Province who are early in the Sp""g *» be
employ'd under your command for the reduction of the Fort
thcf French have' contrary to Treaty set up in las M^esty s
undoubted Territory's at a place on the Basin f Cly ««to
bv them called Beausejour as well as to remove them liom
any Encroachments they have made on his Majesty's dominions

'"Kyo^' find There is a great probability of your procuring
the above mentioned number of men to be ,n readiness to ake
t e Field in the beginning of March you are to provide upon
he bes conditionsin your Power 12 Eighteen pound guns
with Appurtenances and 100 rounds of Ammunition wck will
be abouTl50 barrels of Powder, Tents «-,^l ^;;-^'/y— ;,"
tion Flints and other things necessary for the Troops Harness
for 50 horses, 200 Bill hooks, 500 Pickaxes, oOO Iron bhod
Shovells, 50 Wheel barrows. , .

And that you may be the better enabled to carry on this
Service you^.ave herewith a letter of unlimited Credit upoa
Messrs. Apthorp and Hancock Merchts. m Bo=^to", if the
Cannon and other materials above 'f^t'oned cannot be pr^
cured at Boston you must apply to the Governor of New lorlc
for his assistance in getting what may ^e wanting.

You are to correspond with me as often as opportunity

. The Honorable Eobort Monck.on *- tVbTM^urrs'yoSige:: S"e"r*
Gal»ay, an Irish peer IjJ >''^«'^J'^t^.^'^^.t^l*j4"Srd«ughter of the
of the second Duke of Kutland by h'^D"^^^ ' 3^ "'^'^Jber Monckton began
cplebrated William Lord Kussell, bclieaded in IbUd. J?""*^^' "'"" , ^„.
h 'Sy caieer in Flander. in 1742, "-."P-r enJ/emcnU In H Jue
Ue of Deltingen, and was present m several " ''"/?f 8^,'^"*„'d of a body of
was stationed at Halifa:., and was ^^■''.*'''™'''X1 that year among the Gei-

cins, and was attaehed to the array of Lord 1-ouUu,, i" ^^^J^ , ^^,herst,
eoramandcd a BaUalion at the s.ege "^ Lou.sbourg under Uene^ ^^

and in 1759 he served as B"8»^J'. ^^"^[^ """^ ThYonly iinmediate^
Quebec, where lie received a wound in the lungs, ine "u }

?92

ROT^ SCOTIA DOCtnCEHTSk

offers, letting me know bow yon go on, taking care to send
yonr letters by the saie8t conveyance and in the most private
manner, and yon are to conduct yoorself according to these
Instructions or sncb others as yon may hereafter receive.

But if it should so l^appen that yon do not hear from me
before the beginning otf March, yon are in that case as soon as
you think the weather will permit yon to take the Field to
hire a sufficient number of Vessels to transport yonr Troops
and Baggage and Warlike Stores and to proceed to Chignecto
and there to nse yonr Endeavours to take the French Port at
Beansejour as that is the priacipal place they have, and il yon
succeed in taking it you are to accept of such Capitulations
from the French officer as yon slrall esteem most for his
Majesty's honour and the Good of the Service. a

vessel to acquaint me [with yonr doings therein.

Yon are then to sentl a Detachment such as yon shall deem
sufficient to snmmon ^o surrender a small Port the French
have built at a place c&lled Gasparean on the Bay Verte, and
if the Officer commanding there shall refuse to surrender the
Detaclimt. be ordered to nse force to bring him to a Com-
pliance. After which you are to wait in the most Convenient
place till you receive further Orders from me.

During your Stay ii) Boston yon are in all things to Consult
bis Excellency Gov. Shirley and Conduct yourself according
to bis advice and such instructions as yon now have or may
hereafter receive fron^ me.

Given at Halifax this

Seventh day of November, 1764.

By Comd. of the Lieni;.

Govr. Wm. Cotterell, Secy.

C: L:

which he receiTed for theie lervicet wa» the Colonelcy of the )7th Bcgt. of
Foot. In 1761 he was breYttted a Major General, and shortly after appointed
Governor of New York. Hi" was soon removed from this govi'mment by being
appointed to the command of the Expedition against Martineco, where he i*
said to have expended £60Q from bis private purse in furnishing to ihe sub-
altern officers of his army those necessaries and eomlorts which, from the small-
ness of their pay, they were unable to procure for themsclTes He returned to
New York after the capture of Martineco, and then proceeded to England. Soon
riker his return he was tried by a Court Martial, on charges of oppression, *c.,
preferred by a Mnjor Campbell, but was honorably acquitted. He received the
military appointment of Governor of Berwick in 1766, and was a Lieut. General
in 1770. He was afterwards recommended by the East India Company as
Commander in Chief of the Army of India, but did not receive the appoint-
ment. In 1778 he was Governor of Portsmouth, and represented tliat Borough
in the British Parliament until his death, which occurred in 1782.— iV. 5. MS.
Doc; ArmyLui; Burkt'i Petragt ( Ifew Tork Colonial DocutntnU,vo\.», 260.

BIEOE OF BEAUSEJOUB.

89S

Oovernor Shirley to Chvemor Lawrence.

Boston, January 6, 1755.

I have the honour of your letter of the 12th of last De-
cember. . .

I am perfectly convinc'd (your Honour's letter and opinion
in the matter eflfectually did that, before I talk'd with Colonel
Moncton) that a thousand men is not a sufficient reinforcement
to the Regulars that you can spare for the propos'd service :
and I shall exert my beat Endeavours for raising two thou-
sand, in time to be landed at Schiegnecto by the first of April
at furtlifist - I believe the season of the year, as the general
run of ^he weather is in this Climate, will scarcely permit
taking the field before : and I hope, that will be early enough
to take the French unprepar'd at Land, and before the arrival
of their Ships of Warr at Louisbourg : The forces employ'd
by me in the Expedition agt. Cap Breton could not land, thro'
the Severity of the season, upon the Island, before the 31st
day of Aprill. If the season should prove moderate this year
and is practicable to get the men, stores &c. ready for the Im-
barkation by the beginning of the third week in March, it
shall be done ; I propose to begin raising the men by the first
of February and hope the levies may be compleated or pretty
near it, in a month or five weeks.

A month ago I wrote to the Lt. Governor of New York, to
desire he would furnish me with ten Cannon of 181b. Ball (the
same Mr. Clinton had lent me upon the Expedition agt. Cap
Biet§n) with Carriages, Implements, and 1200 balls; and
receiv'd the inclos'd answer from him : If we should fail of
these* Cannon, I will send your Honour some 24 pounders
instead of them from Oasllo William with carriages and a pro-
portion of Powder and other Stores: I will also inquire
into the Stock of powder to be collected here, and if there
is ucrt a sufficiency for the service, will endeavour to procure
it from the neighbouring Colonies: I will likewise coUect
what quantity of small arms I can, or rather look out for them
least we should be disappointed of the 2000 Stands, I have
desir'd may be sent from the Govemmt. at home.

I shall not wait to hear further from England, and am of
opinion, it is absolutely necessary your Honour should dis-
patch a "Vessel from Halifax thither with an Express, as you
propose in your letter : and further that a Sloop should be
either in waiting or taken up here in the beginning of

392

NOV*. SCOHA DOCTTHEFTS,

offers, letting me know liow you go on, taking care to send
your letters by the saipst conveyance and in the most private
manner, and yon are ^o conduct yourself according to these
Instructions or such others as yon may hereafter receive.

But if it slionld so happen tiiat yon do not hear from mo
before the Iwjginning of March, yon are in that case as soon as
you think the weather will permit yon to take the Field to
hire a sufficient nombier of Vessels to transport yonr Troops
and Baggage and Warlike Stores and to proceed to Chignecto
and there to use your [Endeavours to take the French Port at
Beauseiour as that is ^he principal place they have, and it yon
succeed in taking it ylon are to accept of such Capitulations
from the Prencli officer as yon sliall esteem most for his
Majesty's honour and ^he Good of the Service. a

vessel to acquaint me with your doings therein.

Yon are then to seij<l a Detachment such as yon shall deem
sufficient to summon 'to surrender a small Fort the French
have built at a place oalled Gaspareau on the Bay Verte, and
if the Officer commanjling there shall refuse to surrender the
Detachmt. be ordered! to use force to bring him to a Com-
pliance. After which you are to wait in the most Convenient
place till you receive further Orders from me.

During your Stay in Boston you are in all things to Consult
his Excellency Gov. Shirley and Conduct yonrself according
to his advice and such instructions as you now have or may
hereafter receive from me.

Given at Halifax this

Seventh day of November, 1754.

By Comd. of the Lieut.

Govr. Wm. Cotterell, Secy.

C: L:

which he receired for these servici'S was the Colonelcy of the 17th Kcgrt. of
Foot. In 1761 he was brevlttteJ a Major General, and shortly after appointed
Governor of New York. He was soon removed from this government by being
appointed to the command qf the Expedition against Martineco, where he is
said to have expended £500 from his priTate purse in furnishing to ihe sub-
altern ofifcers of his army tbose necessaries and comtorts which, from the small-
ness of their pay, they werii unable to procure for themselves He returned to
New York after the capture of Martineco, and then proceeded to England. Soon
after his return he was tried by a Court Martial, on charges of oppression, 4c.,
preferred by a Major Campbell, but was honorably acquitted. He received the
military appointment of GoTernor of Berwick in 1766, and was a Lieut. General
in 1770. He was afterwaitds recommended by the East India Company as
Commander in Chief of th« Army of India, but did not receive the appoint-
ment. In 1778 he was Governor of Portsmouth, and represented that Borough
in the British Parliament until his death, which occurred in 1782.— JV. S. MS.
Doc; ArmyLitt; Burke't Peerage ^ New York Colonial Documents, vol. S, 2liO.

8IB0B Oit BEAT7SGJ0UB.

393

*•*>

Oovernor Shirley to Oovemor Lawrence.

j Boston, January 6, 1755.

I have the honour of your letter of the 12th of last De-
cember. . .

I am perfectly convinc'd (your Honour's letter and opmion
in the matter effectually did that, belore I talk'd with Colonel
Moncton) that a thousand men is not a sufficient reinforcement
to the Regulars that you can spare for the propos'd service :
and I shall exert my" best Endeavours for raising two thou-
sand, in time to be landed at Schiegnecto by the first of April
at furthest- I believe the season of the year, as the general
run of the weather is in this Climate, will scarcely permit
taking the field before : and I hope, that will be early enough
to take the French unprepar'd at Land, and before the arrival
of their Ships of Warr at Louisbourg: The forces employ'd
by me in the Expedition agt. Cap Breton could not land, thro'
the Sevoritv of the season, upon the Island, before the 31st
day of Apr'ill. If the season should prove moderate this year
and is practicable to get the men, stores &c. ready for the Im-
barkation by the beginning of the third week in March, it
shall be done ; I propose to begin raising the men by the first
of February and hope the levies may be compleated or pretty
near it, in a month or five weeks.

A month ago I wrote to the Lt. Governor of New York, to
desire he would furnish me with ten Cannon of 181b. Ball (the
same Mr. Clinton had lent me upon the Expedition agt. Cap
Breton) with Carriages, Implements, and 1200 balls; and
receiv'd the inclos'd answer from him : If we should fail of
these Cannon, I will send your Honour some 24 pounders
instead of them from Castle William with carriages and a pro-
portion of Powder and other Stores : I will also inquire
into the Stock of powder to be collected here, and if there
is not a sufficiency for the service, will endeavour to procure
it from the neighbouring Colonies: I will likewise collect
what quantity of small arms I can, or rather look out for them
least we should be disappointed of the 2000 Stands, 1 have
desir'd may be sent from the Governmt. at home.

I shall not wait to hear further from England, and am of
opinion, it is absolutely necessary your Honour should dis-
patch a Vessel from Halifax thither with an Express, as you
propose in your letter : and further that a Sloop should be
either in waiting or taken up here in the beginning of

394

MOTA dCOTIA DOCUHENTS.

February to go express to Halifax, the first day we can form
a judgint. with any certainty of my being able to find a
sufficient reinforcemt. in time for effecting the proposed
service, wch. I am satisfyld should be done as early as possible
in the Spring. !

I am oblig'd to your ijonour for communicating to me the
French Memoiro which With the other reasons put it out of
doubt, that the French arp determined to begin an offensive
War upan the peninsula, as soon as ever they shall think them-
selves strengthen'd enough to venture upon it, and that they
have thoughts of attempting it in the ensuing spring.

I enclose your Honour extracts of two letters from Anna-
polis Royal which shew, that the French Inhabitants are in
expectation of its being begun in the Spring: And another
Circumstance, which increases my apprehension is, that I
have undoubted intelligence by an English Captive lately
arrived here from Mont Jleal, yt. when he left that place the
French were transporting parties of Soldiers, in all four
hundred and an hundred l^ndians from thence to Quebec with
a design, as he conjectured to attack Port Halifax upon the
Kennebec : but I ratheri think their destination is for the
Isthmus, in order to reinforce their troops there : and if that
should be done with any degree of strength, and they should
attack Fort Lawrence, anjd oblige the Garrison to retreat. I
have not the least doubts, that the French Inhabitants will
(as your Honour observed in your letter) infallibly appear in
arms for them: On the other hand I think it is highly
probable, that if we attack the French with such a force as
the Inhabitants of the districts of Minas, and Annapolis Itiver
shall judge superior to thej united force of the Frer.oh Garrison,
the Revolted Inhabitants of Schiegnecto, and Indians, but tiiat
the Inhabitants of the twQ first mention'd districts will remain
neuter at least, and those bf the last mentioned will upon offers
of Grace (but not extending to a restoration of them to their
lands) on the one hand, ind threats on the other that they
shall be treated as Rebels, in case they shall not withdraw
from the French of the Canada, and deliver up their arms
within a limited time ; depert them ; and that, perhaps in that
case the Indians would draw ofi" from them too : If they did
not, I think, reprisals should be made upon them for the
Murther of Capt. Howe, ^nd their other mischiefs, and depre-
dations upon the English made there by any of their Tribes
on this side of the River Bt. Lawrence, and those whose lives
were spar'd should be m*de prisoners, and detain'd either in

8IE0E OF BEADSEJOUB.

395

New England or Nova Scotia as Hostages for the future good
behaviour of their brethren df all those other tribes, towards
the English.

I would submit it, Sir, to your Consideration whether this
doth not seem consistent with justice, as well as good policy,
and if in the progress of this affair your Honour shall think it
needfull to add any thing to Colonel Monckton's Instructions
upon this or any other head, you will be pleas'd to transmit it
soon.

The more, sir, I think of the service we have under con-
sideration, how much the preservation of Nova Scotia and the
security of his Majy's. other Colonies upon this Continent
depends upon dislodging the French from their forts upon the
Isthmus, and St John's River, before they begin an ofi'ensive
war there; the mischievous consequences which must ensue
to his majesty's service, if on the contrary the French should
dislodge liis troops from fort Lawrence, gain the possession of
the whole district of Schiegnecto, and be join'd by the other
French Inhabitants of tiie peninsula in acting offensively:
that if the former of these events does not take plaqe this
Spring, the latter most probably will before the end of the
summer : the more, I say. Sir, I think of this the more neces-
sary it appears to me that the measures we are concerting,
should be prosecuted in the most vigorous manner, and the
more inexcusable any delay to do it appears.

Upon first being acquainted with his Majy's. orders for new
raising mine and Sir William Pepperell's Regimts. by letters
from Mr. Fox, and Sir Thomas Robinson, I was something
embarrass'd in my mind abt. proceeding to raise the two
thousand for the proposed service in Nova Scotia besides, not
knowing whether it might not be thought by the Governmt.
at home, that that service might have been effected by those
two Regimts. in conjunction with the Regulars, your honour
could spare for it : But when I consider, how imjn-obable it is
tiiat Sir William Pepperell's, and my Regiment could bo rais'd
in time for the service ; that if they should, it was uncertain
whether Major General Braddick would employ them in it,
and how greatly the French in Nova Scotia and Canada must
be alarm'd upon the news of the two new Regiments, being
actually raising in New England, and consequently hasten
their attempt agt. Nova Scotia before tho English Garrisons
there should be reinforc'd: I soon determin'd, that it was
most advisable to pursue our first concerted measures, and
not to hazard the loss of that province to the French by

396

NOVA nCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

trusting to any other pifecarious scheme : If your Honour
should alter your own Septimts. upon receiving the news of
the raising Sir William Pepperell's and my Regiments, con-
cerning the proceeding to raise the two thousand Irregulars,
you will be pleas'd to sigpifye it forthwith to me ; and I shall
be glad, if at all events you will let me hear from you upon
that head, as soon as possible.

As the raising these Jevies under my Commission, which
your Honour proposes in your first letter, may possibly facili-
tate the compleating of tliem in time, I am ready to do it, and
shall give the Lieutent. Uolonels command of one of them to
Capt Winslow late of Phillips's now Hopson's Regt. who had
the chief command of the late expedition upon Kennebeck
River under me ; and is,, I believe extremely well qualify'd
for the present Service : He hath the best reputation as a
military man of any officer in this province and his character
in every respect stands l^gh with the Governrat. and people
and he is particularly wejll esteem'd and belov'd by the Sol-
diery, so yt. I greatly rely upon him for success in raising the
men : and I flatter myself he will not dishonour his command,
or prove disagreeable to pt. Colonel Moncton, under whom he
is to act as Commander in Chief of the expedition.

The nqxt Command, ^.s Lieutenant Colonel of the other
Regiment, I shall give to Capt. Scott of whose capableness in
the service I have a good opinion : I have besides a kindness
for him, and it will give me greater pleasure to give him a
step, as I understand, he |is happy in the confidence and good
opinion of yourself and polonel Moncton.

I would chearfully ea^e your Honour's Governmt. of part
of the charge of this Expedition, if it was in my power : But
I am firmly persuaded, ij is not in my power to induce the
assembly of this province to pay any part of it, after their
late expensive expeditioh upon the kennebec ; They will, I
trust, be well spirited to promote the success of the levies by
their public approbatioi» of the undertaking: But to ask
money of tliem towards' defraying the charge of it, would
have no good effect, and [might have a bad one.

If you succeed. Sir, in this enterprize, as there seems to be
the justest grounds to hjope you will, there is not the least
room to doubt but that the parliamt. will most readily pay the
■whole expense, tho' it should be double what it will be, and
the Kingdom will ring with acclamations of joy for the happy
effects of your Vigilance and good Conduct in so national a
service : Should the unfiertaking not succeed (as I trust it

SIEGE OP BEAUSEJOOB.

897.

Will according to our warmest wishes) yet I am satisfy'd the
prudence of the measures will justifye them, and nothing can
obstruct their success but what must shew the necessity of
entering into them : and that it was your Indispensable Duty
to proceed as you did : But I think a failure of success ought
not to be thought of in the case : you must succeed il the
Levies are raised, and arrive at the place of their destination
in Season. . ,. t

I shall join, Sir, with Colonel Monckton m every frugal
expedient for lightening the expence : But it will inevitably
be a very considerable one : The nature of the service, which
your Honour is a much better judge of than 1 am, will not
suffer it to be otherwise. The terms of Inlistint. which will
raise the men, must be that they shall receive the Kings pay,
full cloathing, a blanket, 309. stcrlg. Bounty money, and be
discharged at the end of the expedition or within Twelve
months time from the day of their Enlistmt. In all the levies
web. I have made here for his Majesty's service these have
ever been the terms, except limiting tho expedition to a year's
time at the furthest. In the late expedition upon Kennebec
the Assembly allowed the men 16 old Tenour being the
value of 303. Sterlg. bounty th6 the enli-sting was only for tlie
term of three months, 20 old Tenour or 208. Stcrlg. per
month consisting of four weeks (Wch. is considerably better
than the Kings pay and cloathing) besides their provisions,
and a blanket, your Honour will therefore judge how impracti-
cable it is to raise them tor the present service, which will
carry them out of New England with a certain prospect of
coming to action, upon lower terms, than what I have above

proposed. ■ ,, r

Colonel Monckton at first proposed having the men rais'd tor
six months only, as thinking that would save half their
cloathing, and yt. they would enlist for less bounty money:
but to have offered them half cloathing in the terms of their
Inlistmt. would not have rais'd them, and to have given them
but half cloathing after they were inlisted (without letting
them know it before) would have occasioned great discontent ;
and as to the Bounty money, they will enlist as soon for a year
as six of the summer months, for the same bounty : I have
therefore advised him to have them inlisted for a year, they
may be disbanded at pleasure, when the service is over. Bat
should it require a longer time to execute it, than the term of
their Inlistmt. detaining them beyond it might have been dan-
gerous: Discontents and mutinous behaviour might have

898

HOTA

SCOTIA DOCWMEirfS.

arose : I experienced the inconvenience of it at Louisbouf g ;
Besides, Sir, it seems io me, that your Honour will very
probably want the 8ervic|e of some of them for the whole year ;
It is an essential part of [the expedition that the French should
be dislodged from their lower fort at least upon St. John's
river, and all their 8et|,lemt8. broke up there : If they are
sufFer'd to remain there they will soon be very strong and
preserve their communication between Canada and the Bay
of Funda thro that rivbr, deprive the English of the Furr
trade upon it, wch. is valuable and be masters of the sea coast
between that and the JRiver Pentagoet or Penobscott, and
maintain an absolute influence over the Indians of both
Rivers : To leave then^ one poet in the Bay of Funda would
be of mischievous consequence: Now it may require some of
the Irregulars to take possession of it and garrison it until
your Honour can spar^ Regulars to do it : There ought
indeed to be a new fort built there: both English and French
ever kept a garrison thbre, as they had alternate possession
of the river until K. AJTilliam the thirds reign. As Colonel
Monckton hath not in ycjur Honour's Instructions to him any
particular directions coiicerning his acting in this River, he
would, I believe, be gla(^. if you would be pleas'd to send him
what orders your Honour shall think proper upon this head,
particularly in case this; fort is attacked, whether you would
have it done by a detac^imt. of the forces at the same time,
that the operations upo^ the Isthmus are carrying on,, wch.
would divide their streufgth, or have the French first dislodg'd
from the Isthmus, and t^ie fort as St. John's River &c. to be
afterwards attacked :

It is possible likewise! that there may be occasion for detain-
ing some of the Irregulars longer than the bare service of the
expedition is over, on opier accts.

I need not mention tq your Honour that it is necessary the
ofBcers should have the King's pay as well as the men.

Only one thing more itemains to be mention'd to your Honour
upon this head : Mr. Wjnslow at first proposed to me to give
him a Colonel's commission yt. he might have the Benefit of
cloathing his Regimt. as in ordinary cases. I told him this
was an extraordinary c(^se, in which no perquisites were to be
expected, and besides ij, would not be proper upon other accts.
He thereupon reminded me that his taking the command I ha,d
thought of for him would prevent his going to England this
spring, where he had sqme affairs depending that would suffer
by his absence, and besides, that it might in other respects be

BI£OE OF BGAU3EJ0t;B.

399

for hia advantage to be there at this conjuncture, that hia
fitting of himself out for the expedition would bo an expence
and upon the whole his bare Lioutent. Colonel's pay, for the
few mouths he should receive it, would scarcely comiiensate
for what he should be out of pocket, besides his being a
sufferer on several other accts. As he is an officer that will
be very necessary for me to employ in this expedition, and
Without whom I might find difficulties in raising the men in
time, I have talk'd over the affair with Colonel Moncton, who
IB of opinion that it is reasonable (as I am too) that Mr. Wins^
low should have an allowance or present of 600 Sterg. over
and above his pay, for his service, in some shape or other:
He thinks that the saving upon the cloathing of each Regi-'
ment out of the two-pences would amount to abt. 1300
Sterg., and therefore propos'd that the 600 should be lais'd
out of the fund for bounty money supposing 35 or 36 shillings
be allow'd instead of 30s. per man : wch. is agreed between
Us, and Mr. Winslow acquiesces in it.

Your Honour hath, I perceive, given Colonel Moncton un-
limited credit upon Messrs. Apthorp and Hancock, and he
looks upon himself confin'd by that to those Gentlemen for
every article to be provided for in this expedition : I have a
friendship for both of them and have been instrumental in
introducing them, particularly Mr. Apthorp into the Business
of the Board of Ordnance and as merchant factors for vour
Honour's Governmt. wch. I think stands upon no appointmt.
nor order of the Board of Trade, but purely upon the plea
sure of the Govrs. of Nova Scotia from time to time: My
kindness still remains for them, and we are upon exceedingly
good terms; But as I have a Daughter lately marry'd to a
mercht. here, who is a Young Gentleman of extreme good
character, and for whose fidelity and honour in his dealings I
can be answerable, of some Capital, and Eldest son to a
mercht. of the largest fortune of anv one in Boston I think I
sha 1 not do anything unreasonable by Mr. Apthorp and Han-
cock, if I request the favour of your Honour to let my son in
Law Mr. John Erving be join'd with them in furnishing money
and stores for this Expedition upon the same terms they do :
Not only this particular occasion upon wch. 1 ask it makes it
m many respects reasonable in regard to Messrg. Apthorp &
Hancock, but the part I have had in succouring the province
of Nova Scotia when in extreme danger of being lost during
the late warr, would make it reasonable for me to extend my
retjuest that Mr. Erving might upon future occasions likewise

400

NOVi SCOTIA D0COKENT8.

be let mo one third paU of the benefit of the merchant aeent
or factor's business for ^he province of Nova Scotia be ffi
what It will: I mean, Sir, reasonable with regard 'to them
The granting of the request with respect to your Honour T
shall esteem altogether ^ favour, and reckon myself under an
obligation to you for it: I don't think it would be d saJree
able to Lord Halifax, ami I believe Mr. Kilby would not ha?;
It in his power to embarrass any accots. upon thi paricuTa?
occasion: Besides, he would be verv InVlh t^ ^- ki t
believe either Mr. Erviijg or his father *° disoblige, I

^ir « fif ^'l *?' *'". 't'* inconvenience in your doing this
Sir. as I have taken the|liberty to make the request so! be J
leave to assure you thaU would not in sucliW desire U
and you will give me aj much satisfaction in declining ?t in

^n^lryorrlfn'grf'^^ '''''''' ^' ^^^ '« - '~-T
I am with the ijiost real esteem and regard
Dear Sir ^ '

Your )uost faithful and

most obedient servant
Hon. Lt. Gov. Lawrence] ^- SHIRLEY.

Inaorsed— Reed, per Cap. W mble, ye 17th.

Governor Latorence to Lords of Trade.
My Lords,- Halifax, 12th January, 1755.

Of AuILV mJlr ^^ ^r^f^yi>^ in my letter of Ihe Ist
ot August, 1754 the propriety of building a Fort in Chibben
Accadie River, I intended thereby to forward the settlemen"
of the Country about Halifax, by covering the Inhabitantras
much as possible from th^ annoyance of the Indians which I
thought the best temporary remedy for our preeen circum-
stances and the only step I could take towards acquiring
some internal strength; as I had not sufficient force ^oacf
offens vely against those J'rench, who had encroached on his
Majesty's undoubted Territories. But I soon discovered that
no measure I could take for the security of he Province
would have the desired effect, until the krt at Beausljour'
and every French Establishment on the North side of the Bay

SIEGE OP BEAU8EJ0UR.

401

wf Pnndy, was absolutely extirpated, Having very good intelli-
gence that the French had determined, as soon as ever they
had put the Fortifications of Louisbourg into a tolerable
condition, to make themselves masters of the Bay of Fundy
by taking our Port at Chignecto; as their success in this
enterprise, would have thrown the Province into the greatest
confusion and clanger, I thought it became my indispensable
duty, to ward off this blow at any rate, and, in consequence
thereof, determined to attack them before they had time to
collect their strength; for this purpose I sent Lieutenant
'l.oloBel Monckton to Boston, with a letter to Governor Shirley
a copy of which I now enclose your Lordships; and, as it
contains the whole plan of this undertaking, I beg leave to
refer your Lordships thereto,

I was highly sensible of the risque I ran, in attempting an
enterprise of this importance, and, above all, in creating so
considerable an expense, without having previously obtained
your Lordships approbation ; but all other considerations gave
way to that of the impending blow that threatened His
Majesty s Province, the care of which I have the honour to be
entrusted with; and I was the easier as to myself by the
confidence I have in your Lordships readiness to support me
in so just and necessary an attempt, and in your well known
candour, in pardoning any error in judgment, I might fall into
when you were satisfied that the instruction was just. But I
have lately been relieved from any ^nxiety upon this account,
by receiving His Majesty's commands, in a letter from the
«ecretary ol State, requiring and authorizing me to consult
with Governor Shirley, and to ask his assistance in raising
men tor the service I have before mentioned. I am now to
acquaint your Lordships that I have received Governor
tehirlej's answer, and am assured by him and Lieutenant
lx)Ionel Monckton that the Men will be ready very early in
the Spring, but that arms cannot be got for them on the
Continent, which Mr. Shirley has already acquainted youi'
Lordships with, and expects they will be sent very early in
the Spring. * • #• * ♦ ♦#•'

The Lords Commrs.

for Trade <fe Plantations.

I am, &C.

CHAS, LAWRENCE.

403

KOTA

SCOTIA DOCUBENTS,

(Scroll.)

Semarks relative to the\Belurn of the Forcea in Nova Scotia f
mth Mch, 1755.

To give a more distinbt Idew of the situation of his Majes-
tys Troops in this ProTince it is necessary to mention tho
several posts they at prjesent occupy and the necessity there
is that these posts be maintained.

1°. Halifax in Chepucto Harbour now the chief town in
the Province being so well known needs no particular de-
scription.

2°. George's IsLAup is situated within the Harbour of
Chebucto and has several Cannon mounted for protecting the
Harbour but the Batteries are not quite finished.

3 ° . New Battehy has lately been begun likewise not finish-
ed. It stands on a rising ground about two miles east across
the Harbour from Halifix this is to prevent shipping enter-
ing the Harbour under the Eastern shore without reach of
George's Island.

4°. Dartmouth, a la^-ge place picketed in for protection of
tlie Settlers from England that arrived in 1750 and of the
Government Mills lyes jto the North East about a mile and a
half from Halifax on t^e other side of the Harbour. With
is only communication by water,
is a large jjalisaded square and Block-
house situated upon a pbint of land near the Harbour of Mus-
quedaboit about 4 leagjues by water Eastward from Halifax
with which there is a C()(mraunication by land from Dartmouth,
& distance about 12 or !(4 miles. This is a Settlement under-
taken by ii Company (jif Gentlemen and protected by the
Troops from the incursions of the Indians who live a good
part of the year in thatjneighbourhhod.

6°. Lunenburg is tne place where the Palatine Settlers
have been set down it ip situated upon a neck of land which
forms a peninsula having the Harbour of Mirleguish on the
South West and a brandh of Mahone Bay on the North East,
Distant from Halifax by Water about 16 leagues — we have
as yet no communicatipn open with it by land. There is
great necessity for the ^roops at that place both to protect
the Settlers and to awe jthoae of them that are of a turbulent
disposition.

these three places there
5 ° , Lawrence Town

7°. FoBT Sackville

or Baaon, about 12 milea by water and 15 miles by land from

is a post at the head of Chebucto Bay

BIEGE OP BEAU8EJ0UB.

403

Halifax. It 18 by tliis Port that the Route lyes to the interiour
parts of the Province, and from which Halifax may be alarmed
in case of any sudden attempt of the French ot Indians uix)n
us by land.

S". PiziQUiD or Fort Edward is a fort situated upon an
eminence on the South East side of Mines Bason between the
rivers Piziquid and St. Croix to which we have access by
land by way of Fort Sackville and is distant therefrom about
40 miles, we have also a communication therewith by the Bay
of Fundy. There is a necessity of keeping a strong Garrison
liere to send out detachments to scour the country for Indians
and to keep the disaffected French Inhabitants under subjec-
tion.

9 ° . Chignecto or Port Lawrence is a Fort at the head of
the Bay of Fundy opposite tho French Fort of Beau Sejour, and
about 2 miles distant therefrom, separated by the River Mes-
guash and a marsh. We have no other communication there-
with as yet but by water. This Fort has hitherto prevented
the further encroachments of tlio French on that side, but it
is not by its situation in a capacity of protecting the Isthmus,
as the H'rench are in possession of the North side of Fundy
Bay, Beau Sejour, <fe Bay Yerte.

All these posts already mentioned may withstand any force
the Indians could bring against them, but being only picketed
they could make little or no resistance if attacked by Regu-
lars with cannon.

10°. Annapolis Royal is a place of strength & the only
regular fortification in the province, its distance from Halifax
by land going by Piziquid and Mines is about 160 miles. It
has a very good Bason and Harbour for his Majesty's ships,
where they may ride at anchor in great safety. 2

From hence it will appear that altho' it should at any time
be thought expedient to withdraw the troops from these difl't.
outposts & leave them exposed, it would take a very consider-
able time to collect them together for the defi'ence of Halifax
or any other place where the province might be attacked.

Bemarks on the State of the Isthmus of Chignecto.

The French Fort at Beauaejour on the Isthmus of Chignecto
is a regular earthwork consisting of five Bastions faced with
Timber, has a ditch and cover'd way anS is sufficient for con-
taining a garrison of three or four hundred Regular troops.
The Guns mounted from 24 pounders downwards are in num-
ber fron^ twenty to thirty^

404

NOV I SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

The Garrison has hitherto consisted of about from 80 to lOO
Regular Troops, commanded by a Capt., but if our last intelli-
gence be true it has b^en very lately reinforced by 300. men or
thereabouts, detached from 1000 that it is confidently reported
arrived at Quebec froit France the last fall. This fort stands
upon an eminence ratljer difficult of access ; and is according
to their claim the Southern Boundary of the French King's
Territory there. Besides the Fort of Beausejour, the French
have another inconsiderable palisaded Port called Gaspereau
on the east side of tl^e Isthmus, for protecting their stores
&ca that arrive from Louisbourg & Canada in the Bay of
Verte.

It is from these po8t|s they they have been enabled hitherto
to annoy us by their partys of Indians <fe French in disguise,
and they Keep a Constant Communication open between
Louisbg. and the River St. Johns <fe Quebec, and if tJiey should
ever think of attempting a Conquest of this province by land
it is from that Fort w^ have the most to fear as they can by
means thereof draw together all their force from Canada by
St. John's River, <fe fropi Louisbourg & St. John's Island by the
bay Vert without our having any intelligence of their pro-
ceedings or designs. They have of French Inhabitants <fe
Indians in the different districts to the Westward of this
Fort along the Coast between 13 & 1400 persons hearty in
their Interest that may be collected into a Body in the space
of 4 days, and who may for anything we know to the Contrary
be joyned by three tjimes that number of our own French
Inhabitants within the Isthmus. It may not be improper to
observe in general tl^at as the whole Country backwards ex-
cepting St. John's & jiust about the Isthmus, is an uninhabited
wilderness the Frenclf could have no other design in building
this Fort at so consiflerable an expense except with a view
of laying hold of the first favoraUe occasion that offered for
making a conquest of the province, and to prevent the fugitive
French Inhabitants, who are still lurking about in the country,
from forming any body or making any forced settlement
thereabouts, and likewise to keep open the Communication
with Annapolis Royal & Chignecto.

Annapolis Royal ip a place of strength and the only regular
fortification in that part of the Province which lyosi to the
Eastward of the Bay of Fundy & the Isthmus of Cliignecto,
its distance from Halifax by land going by Piziquid and Mines
is about 160 miles. It has a very good Bason and Harbour for
his Majesty's Ships where they may ride at anchor in great

8IE0E OF BEAUS£J0US.

405

safety, But it would take 1000 men to defend the works if
attacked.

Forts on the Isthmus of Chignecto.

1. Fort Cumberland (called by the French whilst in their
possession Beau Sejour) is a regular earthwork consisting of
five Bastions faced with Timber, has a ditch & Covered way
and is sufficient for containing a Garrison of six hundred or
800 men. Since the Removal of the French there have been
some considerable additions & repairs made to the works
which are ordered to be compleated this season. It is situated
on a high point of land between the small rivers Meesaguash
& Tintamarre & is difficult of access except on the Northeast
or East side, from whence there is an easy communication by
land with Bay Vert in the Gulph of St. Lawrence.

2. Fort Gasperau fell into our hands upon the Surrender
of Beau Sejour and was formerl}'^ the French Magazine of
Stores for maintaining the Indians <& French Inhabitants who
had been debauched from their Allegiance.

It is a picketed square with a block house to protect the
stores and is of very inconsiderable strength except against
musquetry, but by its situation on the River Gasperau, which
runs into tlie Bay Verte, on the North East side of the Isth-
mus, it is of great service in securing the peninsula from the
inroads of the Enemy, and is a kind of lookout to observe any
motions from Louisbourg or the Island of St Johns, which
forms one side of the Bay Verte.

3. Port Lawrence was built by order of Governor Com-
wallis in the year 1750 when the Isthmus was first attempted
to be settled. It is situated upon a point of land to the East-
ward of Port Cumberland, at the distance of about two miles,
separated by the river Messaguash & a Marsh : as it is only a
picketed Fort with Blockhouses and cannot contribute much
to the security of the Isthmus it would have been demolished
upon our getting possession of Beau Sejour & Gasperau Forts
but it was judged necessary that it should still be maintained
for protecting the settlers that are already or hereafter may
be planted upon the evacuated lands in its neighbourhood,
which are esteemed very good having been a long time under
cultivation by the French Inhabitants.

Notwithstanding the vigilance of the officers commanding
at the different outposts & the great care with which they
executed their orders for embarking' the French Inhabitants
on board the Transports for carrying them out of the pro-

uii- i^fci--.-

406

NOyi SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

vince; several of them made their escape into the Woods and
have found means of Subsistence during the winter. Those
without the Isthmus Ijpve join'd themselves wth. the French
OflScer's party wlio retfreated from the Fort at the mouth of
the river St John's ladt summer. He lias also with him the
Mickmack and St Johiij Indians, and they make by the best in-
formation 1500 men in number and are very active in annoy-
ing any partys sent ou|; from Port Cumberland or Gasperan.
As they can receive slipplys from Canada or Louisbourg at
a small Harbour callec. Jediach they will doubtless draw to
them all those inhabitants that have taken shelter in the
Woods in different paji-ts within the peninsula in which case
they will be strong eupugh to annoy us greatly upon the Isth-
mus if not to endanger the loss of the forts themselves as we
have never been able ;o do more than half garrison them for
want of the augmentations being compleated of the other
regiments doing duty in the Province which by the returns
will appear to be still Jn very great backwardness.

//idorsed— Additions to tl* Heniarks on the Return of the Forces in Nova
Scotia formerly sent to General Braddock and General Shirley, now sent to Ld.
Loudoun. 21st June, 1756.

Governor Shirley to Cfovemor Lawrence.

Deak Sir, —

I return'd here fi

Boston, May 31, 1755.

^ ,^,...„ ..om Alexandria in Virginia on the 13th

Instant, the result qf my interview with General Braddock,
was his entire approbation of tiie measures we had concerted
for removing the French Incroachmts. in Nova Scotia and
sending his orders bv express to you to proceed to the
execution of them : l^is approbation likewise of the intended

expedition to Crown

point, and his ordering me to take the

command of an attempt for the reduction of the French iorta
at Niagara with my own and Sir William Pepperell's Regi-
ments, all wch. together with an attack of the French Forts
upon the Ohio with the two British Regiments and provincial
Troops of the Southern Colonies under his own command,
make up the whole plan of operations.

The troops rais'd jfor Nova Scotia were 1800 of them im-
barked by the 20th April, and remain'd on board waiting for
the arrival of the 2000 stands of arms from England, wch.
having a passage often weeks, did not come here till the 12tU

SIEGE OF BEAUS£JOim.

40t

Instant. By the 17th Ctfl. Moncton went on board, the fleet
waited till the 23rd for a wind, on wch. daj' at 6 in the morning
they sailed and had so fine a time, that we are in hopes thev
got to Annapolis four days ago. Three of their oificers are
•here picking up about 100 scattering men wch. I shall hasten
after them : they sail'd with near 2O00 as Lt. Col. Scot in-
form'd me.

It gave me some uneasiness to find the forces here at my
return. Their sailing a month before they did might make a
vast difference in the success of their undertaking, and if I
had been upon the spot, I believe I should have been of opin-
ion for them to have taken up with 800 arms, wch. might have
tieen purchas'd here and your 1000 stands of arras at Annapo-
lis, and have sail'd then with 1800 men, rather than to have
waited for the arras from England and picking up their whole
2000 men : But it is to bo hop'd from the intelligence con-
tain'd in your Honour's letter wch. I had the pleasure to
receive from you five day.= ago, they will still arrive in good
time at the place of their destination.

Under cover of that letter I receiv'd a packet from you,
■directed to Governor Morris, wch. I have forwarded to him
by express.

The general is I believe by this time halfway in his march
between Wills's Creek and the French forts upon the Ohio :
and the two other Expeditions are in motion with the utmost
dispatch.

We have had some fishermen's news that twelve large ships
were seen three weeks ago off the Banks of Newfoundland
standing for Louisbourg and yt. one of them wch. pass'd very
■near one of the fishing barks, appear'd to be very full of men:
They pass'd without speaking to the fishermen." This accot.
considering the preparations' of the French at Brest puzzles
us a httle : But wo are in hopes that according to the general
run of Fishermen's news, it may prove a mistake. I write
this in the greatest hurry, Captn. Proctor staying for it, who
is to sail the moment he gets it you will therefore be pleas'd
to excuse the obliterations in it.

I am in the most unfeigned manner
and with the greatest esteem
Dear Sir,
Your most faithful Humble Servant,

W. SHIRLEY.
Honble. Col. Lawrence. |

JMdorted—Uec'i per Homer, June 7.

^8 NOYtA gCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

Oovemor Lawrence to Lords of Trade.

„ , Halifax, 28th Jone, 1755.

My Lords, —

I have the highesfc satisfaction in begirening thia Letter
to your Lordships, wifli the anuonncement that the French
Fort at Beansejonr, sufrendered to Lieut. Colonel Monckton,
the 16th Instant, and the next day a small Fort, upon the
Eiver Gaspereau, rurining into the Bay Verte where the
French had their princjpal Magazine for supplying the French
Inhabitants and Indian^.— In these Forts were found a great
quantity of Provision* and Stores of all kinds, of which
Colonel Monckton has not yet had time to transmit me a
particular account. I enclose your Lordships the terms of
Capitulation. Notwithstanding the Fort at Boansejour had
twenty six pieces of Cannon mounted, they surrendered after
four days Bombardmenjt, before we had even mounted a single
Cannon upon our batteries. Our loss upon this o&casion is
very inconsiderable, riot above twenty killed, and as many
wounded. Major Preble, of the Irregulars, is slightly wound-
ed in the shoulder ; E4sign Tonge, of Major General Warbur-
ton's Regiment, acting as Sub-Engineer, received a shot in
his thigh, as he was taking a Survey of the Grounds for the
trenches and the batteries to be raised against the Fort ; and
Ensign Hay, of Colonel Hopson's, who had been taken pri-
soner by the Indians, in going alone from our Fort to the
Camp, was killed by (jne of our Shells in the French Fort,
which fell through a sprt of casement, and also killed three
French Officers, and wounded two more.

At Colonel Moncktoi|'s first arrival, the French had a large
number of Inhabitants i and Indians, four hundred and fifty of
which, were posted at » Blockhouse which they had on their
side of the River Messaguach, to defend the pass of that
River. Here they had thrown up a strong Breastwork of
Timber, for covering tl^eir men, and had Cannon Mounted in
the Blockhouse. At this place they made a stand for about
an hour, but were force|d by our troops with some loss, leaving
their Blockhouse and the pass of the river clear for our people,
who marched without i further interruption, to the ground
intended for their encainpment ; as we had not Men enough
to invest the Fort entirely, several got away, and, when the
Fort surrendered, thej-e remained one hundred and fifty
regulars, and about three hundred Inhabitants, several of
which, with their Officers were wounded. We do not yet

***

i i:

ti^'imixi I ; if- I'l" -I I • '■jAatx

SIEGE OF BEACSEJOXTB.

409

exactly know the numbers that were killed in the Fort ; but
we believe their loss has not been trifling, as several lay half
buried upon the Parade. Colonel Monckton has new named
the Fort, and called it Fort Cumberland ; he gives the Troops
under his command, great praise for their good belmvionr,
and the spirit and resolution with which they acted, upon this
occasion.

I have now given the Colonel orders for proceeding to the
Fort at St. John's River, which I flatter myself will give him
very little trouble, as their main strength, which was Beau-
sejour, is gone. He has likewise my orders to leave a Garri-
son in that Fort as it is an infinitely better one than ours, as
well for situation as strength. The deserted French Inhabi-
tants are delivering up their Arms, I have given him orders
to drive them out of the Country at all events, tho' if he wants
their assistance, in putting the Troops under Cover, (as the
Barracks in the French Fort were demolished) he may first
make them do all the service in their power. Our possession
of the Isthmus, it is to be hoped, will bring over the Mickmack
Indians to our interest.

The expedition has cost much more than was expected, but
there will remain stores to a very considerable value, which
may be hereafter sold for the public account, or kept for the
future service of the Province. *****

I am, &c.,

CHAS. LAWRENCE.
ITie Lords Comms. for i

Trade & Plantations. I

QovernoT Phips* to Governor Lawrence.
Sib,—

Our hopes of a more favorable account of the late action
near the Ohio are now at an end, the last post having brought
us the particular circumstances of that most deplorable
affair. I transmit you herewith copies of sevei-al letters and
papers that have come to my hands relating to it. This is un-
doubtedly an heavier stroke than ever the English upon this
Continent have met with before. I wish the Effect of it may
be not only to raise the spirit and resentment of the several
Colonies against the French, but also to caution the several
armies not to trust too much to any uncertain accounts of the

• See page 183.

408 JfO^A SCOHA DOCUMEOTS.

Governor Lcwre^ce to Lords q/" Trade.

Halifax, 28t,h June, 1755.
My Lords, —

I have tlie lii'gfie^t satiafaction in beginning this Letter
to your Lordships, w^tli the announcement that tlie French
Fort at Beansejour, surrendered to Lieut. Colonel Monckton,
the 16th Instant, and the next day a small Fort, upon the
Eiver Gaspereau, running into the Bay Verte where the
French bad their priuitipal Magazine for supplying the French
Inhabitants and Indians.- -In these Forts were found a great
quantity of Provisioris and Stores of all kinds, of which
Colonel Monckton ha^ not yet had time to transmit me a
particular account. I enclose your Lordships the terms of
Capitulation. Notwitlistanding the Fort at Beansejour had
twenty six pieces of (lannon mounted, they surrendered after
four days Borabardmejit, before we had even UKJunted a single
Cannon upon our batteries. Our loss ujwn this occasion, is
very inconsiderable, not above twenty killed, and as many
wounded. Major Preple, of the Irregulars, is slightly wound-
ed in the shoulder ; EJisign Tonge, of Major General Warbur-
ton's Regiment, acting as Sub-Engineer, received a shot in
his thigh, as he was ijaking a Survey of the Grounds for the
trenches and the batteries to be raised against the Fort ; and
Ensign Hay, of Colonel Hopson's, who had been taken pri-
soner by the Indiansl in going alone from our Fort to the
Camp, was killed by one of our Shells in the French Fort,
which fell through a ^ort of casement, and also killed three
French Officers, and founded two more.

At Colonel iloncktnn's first arrival, the French had a large
number of Inhabitant^ and Indians, four hundred and fifty of
which, were posted atj a Blockhouse which they had on their
side of the River M^ssaguach, to defend the pass of that
Eiver. Here they had thrown up a strong Breastwork of
Timber, for covering tlieir men, and had Cannon Mounted in
the Blockhouse. At this place they made a stand for about
an hour, but were forced by our troops with some loss, leaving
their Blockhouse and ^he pass of the river clear for our people,
who marched without further interruption, to the ground
intended for their enc&mpment ; as we had not Men enough
to invest the Fort entijrely, several got away, and, when the
Fort surrendered, there remained one hundred and fifty
regulars, and about [three hundred Inhabitants, several of
which, with their Ofl^cers were wounded. We do not yet

SIEaE OP BEAUSEJOUB.

409

exactly know the numbers that were killed in the Fort ; but
we believe their loss has not been trifling, as several lay half
buried upon the Parade. Colonel Monckton has new named
the Fort, and called it Fort Cumberland ; he gives the Troops
under his command, great praise for their good behaviour,
and the spirit and resolution Avith which they acted, upon this
occasion.

I have now given the Colonel orders for proceeding to the
Fort at St. John's River, which I flatter myself will give him
very little trouble, as their main strength, which was Beau-
sejour, is gone. He has likewise my orders to leave a Garri-
son in that Port as it is an infinitely better one than ours, as
well for situation as strength. The deserted French Inhabi-
tants are delivering up their Arms, I have given him orders
to drive them out of the Country at all events, tho' if he wants
their assistance, in putting the Troops under Cover, (as the
Barracks in the French Fort were demolished) he may first
make them do all the service in their power. Our possession
of tho Isthmus, it is to be hoped, will bring over the Mickmack
Indians to our interest.

Tho expedition has cost much more than was expected, but
there will remain stores to a very considerable value, which
may be hereafter sold for the public account, or kept for the
future service of the Province. *****

I am, &c.,

CHAS. LAWRENCE:
The Lords Comms. for i i

Trade & Plantations. 1

Governor Phips* to Governor Lawrence.

Sir,—

Our hopes of a more favorable account of the late action
near the Ohio are now at an end, the last post having brought
us the particular circumstances of that most deplorable
affair. I transmit you herewith copies of several letters and
papers that have come to my hands relating to it. This is un-
doubtedly an heavier stroke than ever the English upon this
Continent have met with before. I wish the Effect of it may
be not only to raise the spirit and resentment of the several
Colonies against the French, but also to caution the several
armies not to trust too much to any uncertain accounts of the

* See page 183.

410

Ull

strength and
fortunes it behoves
measures for liis Maj
affairs will admit of
Point expedition are
his Excellency Gove
last month was at Sc
all but the last div
him. What effect th
Niagara I cannot de
leucy's Zeal for the
prudence and discret
now think it more
Nova Scotia should b
acquisitions already
advantages as they
Boscawen will have tli
Majesty's ships under
also propose to your
which his Majesty's
move any scruples wl
regard to the French
it both just and
some more effectual
than the common obi
their Heligion this
they expose themsol
fidence can ever bo
revolt whenever they
of this Province is to
vail on the members
ing the Crown Point
shown by the Southe
vince and the other
with New York and tl:
been in a much better

NOTA SCOTIA DOCUMBaJTS.

circumiitances

ijfisty'

rr.

Inter

uecessarv

may

to:

itn

Sir y

of the enemy. After such mis-

to look forward and to take the best

;'s service which the present state of

The forces employed in the Crown

actuall}^ upon their march thither, and

Shirley on the twenty eighth day of

lienectady on his way to Oswego where

i^ion of his Forces had marched before

news may have on the Expedition to

:|termine. I am well assured his Excel-

vico will be accompanied with great

lion. I doubt not that your Honour will

necessary than over that the Forces in

so employed as not only to secure the

made, but also to obtain such further

be sufficient for, and that Admiral

10 same sentiments with respect to his

his Command. I must on this occasion

Consideration whether the danger with

est is now threatened will not re-

ch may heretofore have subsisted with

Neutrals as they are termed and render

that they should be removed unless

^ecurity can bo given for their fidelity

ation of an oath for by the principles of

easily be dispensed with and although

IS to be treated as Rebels, yet what con-

aced in Subjects who are inclined to

can do it with safety ? The Assembly

meet the sixth Instant. I hope to pre-

make further provision for strengthen-

expedition. Had the same Zeal been

Colonies as has appeared in this Pro-

overnments of New England together

le Jersies, affairs would probably have

situation than they are at present.

I am,
iir most obedient Humble Servant

S. PHIPS.

Lt. Governor Lawren(!e

Endorsed. — Lieot. Goverhor Pliips without date, but by the circumstances
must be about the 28 or 29 of July 1755. Reed, by Mr. Green Junr. 18th
August 1765. ■

H«i..,L!jU«JI,.

WAR IN NORTH AMERICA, 1754-1761.

Governor Phips to Governor Lawrence.

411

IJosTOX, 28 July, 1755.
Sir,— i

On the 23 Instt. I forwarded to you the advices reed, by
express from the Govrs. of the Southern Colonies, relating to
the Forces under the immediate commmand of Major General
Braddock. Such full credit was given to the most unhappy
Circumstances of this Melancholy News, by the Gentlemen of
Marj'land and Penailvaiiia, who are nearest to the Place of
Action that in conformity to their desire, I thought it proper
immediately to transmit the same to you. I have since reed,
further advices wch. have something of a more favourable
aspect, and which I think it equally necessary to forward ;
and as this is an affair wch. very nearly concerns us I shall
from time to time Communicate all material Circumstances
relating to it as they sliall come to my knowledge, and the
rather as the whole Continent seems to be filled with uncertain
reports, .some of which may probably reach you.

I am,
Sir,
Your most obedient

Humble Servant,
Honble. Charles Lawrence, Esq. S. PHIPS.

Endorsed —
Enclosing Copies from Mr. Delancey, Peters & Trent.
Reed. Aug. 5, p. Lot Hall.

Answered ^\lg. Gth & 8th by way of Rhode Island pr. Cap. .

Relating to the defeat of Geiil : Braddock.

SlB,-

Governor Delancey to Governor Phips.

New York, 21 July 1755, in the Evening.

According to my conjecture, tilings are not so bad as
represented by Colo. Innes. I have just now received frotn
Philadelphia the accounts I enclose. I hope the General may
still be able to recover the Cannon with the assistance of that
part of his Army which was left behind under Colo. Dunbar.
I am, Sir,
Your most humble

& most obedient servant
Lt. Govr. Phips. JAMES DeLANCEY.

Copy Attest :

Thos. Clarke, Deputy Secy.

412

SOVA SCOTIA D0CPMENT3.

WiUiam Trent to Governor Hunter Morris.

Mouth op Conicochig,

Wednesday, 16 July, 1755.
Mat it please YopH Honour, —

Being inform'4 that you were on your journey for the
army but stopped! at Shippingsburg on acct. of the news
brouglit by the Waggoners who run oflF at the beginning of
the engagement mapes me take this opportunity of acquainting
your Honor That by a young man just come here from the
Camp we are inform'd that our army is beat and the Artillery
taken, but that tH General with 'the rest of the army are
making a good retreat. As the person who brings this report
is a sober young mjan come from Port Cumberland since an
Mpress arrived fro^ the Army I think this acct. the best to
be depended uponj and I imagine there will be no great
danger going to the fort where I intend to set out for this
aiternoon.

I am

Ycjur Honours most obedt.

I humble Servant,

^ ^ „ Wn.LlAM TRENT,

lo the Honble. Robjert Hunter Morris
Esq. Governor lof Pensilvania

\ at Shippingsburg.

Copy attest :

Thos. Clahke, Depty. Secry.

Richard

Peters to Oovernor Ddancey.

t Philadelphia, 19 July, 1755.

Sib,—

Since mine of Testerday we have received accounts that
the defeat is not geijeral ; that the Army was in two divisions.
in the first of whiclj marched the General having with him
1300 men, 4 howitzers, 4 twelve pounders and 13 Artillery wag-
gons. The second was commanded by Colo. Dunbar and had
not marched further than 2 miles West of the Great Meadows,
distant from Fort Duquesne 60 miles having with him the
heavy baggage. Ordinance Stores, the Provisions and greatest
part of the WaggonB.

WAR m NORTH AMERICA, 1754-1761.

413

The General was advanced within 5 miles of Port Duquesne
and marching in a narrow way on the 8th or 9th Instant when
he was attacked by a largo number of Prench and Indians and
beat but not killed as was said, and was making a fine retreat
to Colo. Dunbar's part of the Army.

The first Accounts wore given by some frightened wag-
goners, but the latest is from Capt Trent to our Govemour, in
a Letter of the 16th Instant from the mouth of Conocochig on
the Potowmac distant 60 miles from Fort Cumberland, which is
copied and sent herewith, and I believe may be best depended
upon as the man who gave him the Intelligence, heard at the
Fort what the Express trom the army said and reported it to
Capt Trent.

I shall add that all accounts are hitherto confused, and ap-
pear to be uncertain, so that we have reason to think matters
will not turn out so laad as they have been represented.

i' I am

Your Honour's most Obdt. Servt.

RICHARD PETERS.
Honble James' De Lancey Esq.

Copy Attest :

Thos. Clarke, Dy. Secty.

Extract of a Letter from Major Rutherford.

Sm,—

Before you receive this you will have heard of the most
shocking blow that the British Troops ever received. Gene-
ral Braddock march'd within 7 miles of Fort DuQuesne with
1500 men well equipp'd, and a very fine Train of Artillery,
leaving Colonel Dunbar, with whom I was, with almost half
the Troops behind, with Orders to bring up the Waggons
whose horses tired, and to stop until the horses recruited a
little, he was attacked by not more, by the best accots. than
300 Indians and Canadians, who intirely defeated him with
the loss of Sir Peter Halket and most of "his best ofiBcers, moat
of his^men and all his artillery, provision, baggago and Am-
munition, and ruined all our hopes and schemes. We are now
on our Retreat, and very little strengthened by the remains of
the first Division, the General dangerously wounded, as is Sir
John St. Clair and most ot those who have joined us.

414

fOVA aCOTU DOCDMENTS.

Extract of a letter /)<om an Officer in the Army with Colo. Dunhar.

I am sorry to tellj you our Array, at least that part which
the General went lout with being picked men are intirely
defeated. The General arrived at the Rear Party danfferoualv
wounded, as is also Sir John St. Clair and many other
!Zn''''^^i ■■ [''^^'^ uncertain as to numbers I think is near
1000. This with tl^e taking our train of Artillery and all the
Baggage IS a loss npt to be retrieved. They set off the 12
mst. for Wills Cree^ where they expect to be in eight days.

They were obliged

to leave and destroy every thing they

were marching witl^ except two 6 pounders and Provisions
sufhcient for their retreat. The Common men behaved
extreamly m the Engagement, the Officers extreamly weU

but to no effect for
into Confusion, (tho

SiH,

I inclose you a
Robert Orme, Aide

the men were so surprised and tlirown
its imagined the Enemy were very few)

--' \--- -— ."."ft.w^u i„c a^uciuy were very lewi
that they were obliged to run away and leave the baggage
and every thing elJe in their possession and but very few
arrived safe here. Mr. Soumein is dead in the engagement.

Governor Delancey to Governor Phips.

New York, 27 July, 1755.

copy of a Letter T receiv'd from Capt.
- -j-(de-Camp to the late General Braddock,
which gives an undqnbted account of the late defeat. I have
also received from hikn a list of tho Officers killed and wounded
and the return of t(ie men, by which it appears that besideJ
the General wiio dittd of his Wounds there were 25 officers
killed, 37 wounded lind 22 unhurt, and that according to the
most exact return tlikt could be then gotten, there were about
600 men killed and wounded. This disaster will make the
irench insolent, emUolden their Indians, and dishearten ours.
I have called the Assembly to meet next week, when I shall
propose to them to rkise more men to reinforce or sustain the
Provincial Troops. We must exert ourselves and do some-
thing to Counterbalajnce our late Loss: be pleased to write
me what may be exppcted from your Government as soon as
you can form a judgement about it. I have not time to write
to Governor Wentwdrth to acquaint him with what I write.
I aip. Sir,

four honours most obedient
Humble Servant.
Lt. Gov. Phips. JAMES DELANCEy.

WAB IM NORTH AMERICA, 1754-17G1.

Major Sobert Orme to Governor Hunter Morris.

415

Fort Cumberland, July 18, 1755.
Sir, —

I am so extreemly ill in bed with the wound I have
received in my thigh, that I am under the necessity of em-
ploying my friend Capt. Dobson to write for me.

I conclude you have had some account of the Action near
the banks of the Monongahela, about 7 miles from the French
Fort ; As the reports spread are very imperfect, what you
have hoard must consequently be so too. You should have had
more early accounts of it, but every officer whose business it •
was to have informed you, was either killed or wounded, and
our distressful situation put it out of our power to attend to
it so much as we would otherwise have done.

TJie 9tli Instent we passed and repassed the Monongahela,
by advancing first a party of 300 men which was immediately
followed by another 200 : tlie General with tho Column of
Artillery, Baggage and the main Body of the Army passed
the River tho last time about one o'clock. As soon as the
whole had got over the Fort aide of the Monongahela, we
heard a very heavy and quick fire in our front, we immedi-
ately advanced in order to sustain them ; but the detachment
of the 200 and 300 men gave way, and fell back upon us,
which caused such Confusion, and struck so great a panick
among our men, that afterwards no military expedient could
be made use of that had any effect upon them. The men
were so ex^treamly deaf to the exhortations of the General
and the Officers, that they fired away in the most irregular
manner all their Ammunition and then run off, leaving to the
enemy the Artillery, Ammunition, Provisions, and Baggage, nor
could they be persuaded to stop till they got so far as Gist's
Plantation, nor there only in part, many of them proceeding as
far as Colo. Dunbar's party, who lay six miles on this side.

The Officers were absolutely sacrificed, by their unparalel'd
good behaviour, advancing sometimes in bodies, and some-
times separately, hoping by such example to engage the
soldiers to follow them, but to no purpose.

The General had five horses killed under him, and at last
reeeived a wound thro his right ann into his lungs of which
he died the 13th Instant : Poor Shirley was shot through the
bead : Capt. Morris wounded, Mr. Washington* had two horses

•Afterwards General Washington, Commander-in-Chief of the American
Revolutionary Army, and first President of the United Statea.

416

NC^VA SCOTU DOCUMENTS.

shot under him, anfi his cloaths shot through in Bevoral
places, behaving the (whole time with great courage and reso-
lution, Sir Peter H^lkert was killed upon the spot, Colo.
Burton and Sir Johnj St. Clair wounded. I have sent you a
list of the killed andj wounded according to as exact account
as we are yet able tolget.

Upon our proceedijiig with the whole convoy to the little
meadows it was foiund impracticable to advance in that
manner ; the General| therefore advanced with 1200 men with
the necessary Artillery, Ammunition, and Provision, leaving
the main body of th^ convoy under the Command of Cola
. Dunbar, with orders to join him as soon as possible.

In this manner we proceeded with safety and expedition,
'till the fatal day I ha|ve just related ; and happy it was that
this disposition was made otherwise the whole must have
starved or fallen into Snto the hands of the Enemy, as numbers
would have been of ijo service to us and our Provision was
all lost.

As our number of l^orses were so much reduced, and those
extrearaly weak, and many carriages being wanted for the
wouudbd men, occasioned our destroying the Ammunition and
superfluous part of ithe Provision, left in Colo. Dunbar's
convoy, to prevent it^ foiling into the hands of the Enemy.

As the whole of th^ Artillery is lost and tho Troops are so
extreamly weakened by deaths, wounds and sickness it was
judged impossible to make any further attempts, therefore
Colo. Dunbar is returning to fort Cumberland with every
thing he is able to bring up with him.

I propose remaining here 'till my wound will suffer me to
remove to Philadelphia, from thence I shall proceed to
England; whatsoever commands j'on may have for me you
will do me the favour ^o direct to me here.

By the particular disposition of the French and Indians, it
was impossible to judge of the numbers they had that dav in

the field.
Governor Morris.

Province of the Massa Bay,

I am

Dear Sir
Your most obedient
and most hble. Servant,

ROBERT ORME.

Copy attest :

Thob. Clabke, Depy. Secry.

WAS IK NORTH AHEHICA, 1754-1761. 417

A list of the Officers who were present, and of those Killed
and Wounded in the action on the banks o/ MononaaMa
the ^h Day 0/ July, \Ub. ^

Staff,

His Excellency Edward Braddock, Esq., General and Com-
mander in Chief of all his Majesty's Forces in North America
died of liis wounds. '

Robert Ormo Esq. ) Wounded

Roger Morns Esq. V Aides de Camp Wounded

George Washington Esq. )

William Shirley Esq. Secretary Killed

Sir John St. Clair, Deputy Qr.' Master General.. Wounded
Matthew Lessley, Gentn. Asst. to the Qr. Mr. GenhWounded
Francis Halket Esq. Major of Brigade,

44th Regiment.

Sir Peter ITalket, Colonel Kill'd

Lieut. Colo. Page Slightly wounded

Capt Tatton Kill'd

t'apt HoDson ,

Capt Beckworth ] _

Capt Gethings '. ^ '.V. '. '.'.'. '. '. .' ." .".Killed

Lieut Falcouer

Lieut Litler ..".'.'.'.■.".■.■.■.■.■. ". '. ", '. '. Wounded

Lieut Bayley

LieutDunbar ....'.'.'.".'.'.'." .V. Wounded

Lieut Pattmger

Lieut Freeby .' .■.' .' .' .'.■ ; .' Z; ." .' .'; .' .".Wounded

J^!«"t4"fu K:il'ed

Lieut Halket Kill'd

Lieut Simpson Wounded

Lieut Lock Wounded

5'^"°^ Wounded

Kenedy Wounded

Towusend Kill'd

Preston

Nartlow '.■.■.!".".■.;■,".■.■.■.".■.; Kill'd

Pennington Wounded

48th Regiment.

Lieut Colo. Burton Wounded

Major Sparks Slightly wounded

Capt Dobson

418

JtOTA SCOTIA DOGFUEHTHv

Capt Cholmley . . .
Capt Bowyer . . . .

Capt Ross

Capt Lieu. Morris,
Barbut

....Killeef

Wounded

.Wounded

wii ^ ' Wounded

™?» Wounded

g"™''^ Kill'd

Wideman irnij

j^.^rt Kill'd

SS.:.v.v;;.vv ^^"-^''^^

g^^^^'l" '.Wounded

Brereto^ . .': .' .' .' ;; .' .' ;; : : ; ■ • ; ;; ; ; ; - ^.^^,^

i;''"": -r Kill'd

Jaontrespur w„.,^j„ j

Dunbar.L

Harrisoi

Cowhart

. Wounded

S""'f^ :-.v.::v. Wounded

Sterling

Wounded
Wounded

Capt Ord

Capt Lieut Smith
Lieut Buchannon .

Lieut McLeod

Lieut McCuller. . .

Artilleky.

....Kill'd
. Wounded
. Wounded-
. Wounded

I Engineebs.
Peter McKeller Esq .. . -nr^,, , »

Robert Goj^onEsc^....:::;:;:::::;:::::::^™:^

WiUiamson^sq Wounded

DEricHMEirr op Sailorb.
Lieut Spendeloii . . . L . . . vmi

Mr Haynes. Midshipman ...'.".■■.'.■.■. ".'.

Mr Talbot, Mfdshipipan " * Kill'd

Capt Stone of Genl. Lascell's Regiment '..'.' Kill'd

Capt Floyer of Genl; Warburton^s Regiment. .'. Wounded

iNDEPEITDAin '

Capt Gates

Lieut Soumien

Companies op New York.

. Wounded
....Kill'd

VAB IN NORTH AMERICA, 1754r-1761. 419

Lieut Milter

Lieut Howarth of Capt Demeri's Independt.

Compy Wounded

Lieut Gray of the Same Company Wounded

Virginia Troops.

Capt Stephens Wounded

Capt Waggonner ,

Capt Poison Kill'd

Capt Peronie Kill'd

Capt Stewart

Hamilton Kill'd

Woodward ,

Wright Kill'd

Splitdorff Kill'd

Stuart Wounded

Waggonner ^. . .Kill'd

McNeale

According to the most exact Return we can as yet get
about 600 men killed and wounded.

Governor Phipa to Governor Lawrence.

i Boston, 7 November, 1755.

The enclosed vote of the General Assembly of this Pro-
vince will explain to your Excellency the occasion of my now
writing to you. If any such measures as is suppos'd have
been taken to oblige the troops which w«nt from this Pro-
vince to Nova Scotia in the spring of the year to enlist into
his Majesty's service I am persuaded that your Excellency
will strictly prohibit all such unjustifiable practices : and I
cannot doubt but that your Excellency will give orders that
the terms of their Enlistment be complied with and that they
be furnished with every thing needful for their comfortable
support. In the mean time I am with much respect,

Sir
Your Excellency's most obedient

and most humble servant,

S. PHIPS. .

Bia Excellency Governor Lawrence.

Jkdened—Reei. f er Homer, 80tb.

420

NOVi SCOTIA DOCtJMEHTB.

The House oIp Repeesentatives, Octr, 31st, 1755.

Whereas it has been represented to this Court that the
Forces raised within thi|s Government for his Majesty's service
at Nova Scotia are muoh exposed by being lodged in tents
and very poorly oloatJied, by means whereof tlioy must
greatly snfier by the co|d as the winter advances, to prevent
which some of them lijave been induced to enlist into the
Regiments upon the Establishment in order to obtain cloath-
ing and more comfortable lodgings in Barracks, and otliers for
the like reasons are under strong temptations to the same,
^yhlch circumstances vejry much disappointment the expecta-
tions of this Court who were prevailed upon to countenance
and encourage so large i» number of the inhabitants to leave
the Provuice by the assiirances given that they sliould bo dis-
charged and at liberty to retuni upon the expiration of 12
months from their enlistfnont; and whereas it may be of ex-
treme bad consequence to his Majesty's service at this critical
iuncture, if the term of enlistment either according to the
letter or the true Intentjand spirit thereof should not bo com-
plied with: Therefore foted that his Honour the Lt. Cover-
nour be desired to write to His Excellency Governonr Law-
rence and to acquaint lliim with the trust and dependance
placed by this Court on his effectual care that the aforesaid
terra of Enlistment be complied with and that none of the
soldiers that have gone from this Province be left to suffer
through cold or any unnsual and unnecessary hardships, and
that in case there be not a sufBcient supply of Cloathiug to be
obtained in the Government of Nova Scotia, that upon advice
thereof it shall be furnished by this Court and transported
thither and delivered toj the men at first cost, provided such
cost may be stopped from each mans wages respectively when
due, and reimbursed to the Province.
Sent up tor coucurren jo.

J. HUBBABD, Spkr.

In Council November list 1755. Read and concurred.

Tho3. Claeke, Dpty. Sccty.

WAE IN NOBTH AMERICA, 1754-1761.

421

' k

Chvernor Shirley to Governor Lawrence.

Boston, Febry. 1756.

I was favour'd at New York with your letter dated the 19th
of October by Mr. Clapham, whom upon your Recommenda-
tion, I shall be glad to serve when a proper opportunity offers ;
(and since my arrival here with your Packett dated 4th of
January) : I am oblig'd to j'ou. Sir, for the favourable Senti-
ments you express in it of ray Conduct in the public Services:
The season was so far advanc'd before the preparations for
that part of it, which was under my immediate Command in
the last year's Carapaigne, could be begun; my forces so
weak, and the arrival of them and a proper quantity of Pro-
visions at Oswego so late, that nothing further could be done
the last Fall than securing that place agt. the attempts of the
French and erecting the necessary works and buildings . .

. . . and for covering the men in the works. I hope to
have it in my power to open the Campaigne in good time
this year, and to act with a force more adequate to the
service propos'd : What that is, you will in part see by the
inclos'd copy of the Minute of a Council of War held at
New York.

In your Letter of the 4th of Janry. you mention two points
for niy consideration, vizt. " the repeopling the land lately
evacuated in Nova Scotia, by the Removal of what are call'd
the neutral French, with good Protestant Subjects from the
continent " (I suppose you mean of North America) and " the
fortifying St. John's River in the Bay of Funda."

The first seems to me very difficult to bo effected in the
present State of Hostilities in North America especially as to
Schiognecto, wch. is so remote from Halifax, & expo.sed to
Sudden attacks from Canada, the Islands of St. John's and
Cape Breton : The present constitution of the Government

in the Province I believe will be an obstacle

at all . , . . their being settled wth. good Protestant
Subjects from this Continent, especially the Charter Govern-
ments of New England, whose Inhabitants are fond, not only
of being govern'd by general assemblies, consisting of a Go-
vernor, Council and Houae of Representatives, but likewise of
Charters.

All that occurs to me at present, wch. can be done for draw-
ing settlers from this Continent to the evacuated lands in
Nova Scotia, is a publication of the terms upon wch. they

422

NOT A SCOnA DOCUHBUra.

■WAR IS NOKTH AMERICA, 1754-1761.

423

may be encouraged to settle there ; and the protection from
an Indian and French Enemy, they may expect in the District
where they are to sit (Jown.

As to the second I point, I look upon dispossessing the
French of St John's Bjiver and fortifying it, to bo necessary
for securing the Bay of Funda, and the Peninsula agt. at-
tempts from Canada .H You may remember, Sir, that last
winter I mention'd it tjo you as an essential part of the plan
we were then concerning for removing . . tlieir

Incroachments • • : . . . . look upon that'sei-vice to
be but half finished, if the French were left in possession of
that river: in which you concurr'd with me, & propos'd it
Bliould be done, as soon as the reduction of the French forts
on the Isthmu^bould be effected : If I am rightly inform'd
nothing hath been yet done towards it, except making a Visit
up the Kiver as far as the lower Fort near the mouth of it
upon wch the French ftbandon'd it having first dostroy'd the
btores and burst the Cfennon, and there still remain the Set-
tlemts they had abov0 that Fort, by means of which they
keep the Indians inhabiting it in a dependence upon them
and have a passage frota that part of the River across a car-
rying place into the RiVer Patcotyeak which carries them into
the head of the Bay alcove the Isthmus whereby a communi-
cation may be maintaiif d between St John's River and Cape
Breton across the Gulf | of St Lawrence.

From the copy of yoiir letter, Sir, to the late General Brad-
dock dated the 6th of August, I perceive the leaving this
part ot the service, wch. was propos'd to be efi'ected the last
summer, undone, is to be attributed to the immediate neces-
sity, you found yourself under, of removing the Neutral
drench trom the Peninsula: wch. must have been left undone
It you had employ 'd anV part of the Regular or Now England
troops in dislodging thp French from St John's River that
year: I am persuaded that nothing but an urgent necessity
would have prevented an attempt's being made the last suni-
mer to clear that River of the French.

As to any assistance (it present from this Province towards
doing that service, I hare the strongest reasons to apprehend,
irom the Engagements they are under to raise their large
Wuota of Troops for «jn attempt against Crown Point this
Spring, the number of Itheir Countrymen still remaining in
JNova Scotia and the Diigust they have taken at the enlisting
«t some of them into the Regiments of Regulars before the
lerm of their enlistments into the New England Regiment

•X.^

was expir'd. there is no room to hope for it : I should be
extremely glad, if it was in my power to induce the Assembly
to give you any. ^ ,. - ,

As the last mention'd circumstance hath given a general
uneasiness to the Government I could wish that the Soldiera
of the New England Regiment had not been sufFer'd to inlist
into those upon the establishment: and I am sorry, Sir, to find
by your letter that it appears to you in so different a light
from that in which it does to me : You say there, it was not
in your power to discountenance the practice ; on the contrary
it appears to me to be irregular, <fe expressly agst the Articles
of Warr : I suppose you don't doubt, Sir, but that a soldier's
inlisting out of one of the King's Regiments into another
without a regular discharge from the regiment in which he

and made punishable both in

1 ] ... the officer who knowingly receives and enter-
tains him, notwithstanding the King should have given orders
to augment the Regiment, into wch. the Soldier mlisted:
What tiie regular dkeharge mention'd in that article of War
is, seems very clear in another: it must be given before
the inlistmont, and by a Field Officer of the Regiment, in
which the Soldier last served, not by one of the Regiment
into wch. the Soldier inlisted: Now both those parts of
the King's Order are broke through in the inclos'd paper:
wch. was deliver'd to me as the form of the Discharges given
by Colonel Moncton : and I am inform'd that the New England
ofilcers from whose Battailious the Soldiers inhsted, were
80 far from consenting to the Inlistments that they openly
oppos'd it. ,111

I don't think. Sir, tho the New England Regt. should be
deem'd a Provincial one that that will be the case : by the last

Clause in the Act of punishing Mutiny and

Desertion the Soldiers and Officers of such regiments, when
join'd with his Majesty's regular Forces, are liable to Martial
law and discipline in the same manner wth. those of the
regulars.

Upon looking into the inclos'd copy of Sir Thomas Kobm-
son's Letter to me dated 10th of Peby 1755, you will find. Sir,
that I rais'd the New England Regiment by the King's ex-
press Command ; that the 2060 men it consisted of, were to be
exclusive of the augmentation of the several regiments to
1000 men each consequently not to be apply'd to compleat
them ; and that I who rais'd those troops was forbid by hia
Majesty to dispose of them to any other use than what th«

424

NfVA SCOTIA DOCUMEITTS.

late General Braddock sboiild particularly direct: Tlio Gene-
ral oyder'd them, as you know, Sir, to be sent to you in the
condition, wch. I raisjd them in vizt. Regimented, and I don't
conceive that you ha|e power to discharge them from hia Ma-
jesty's . . ill that Regiment, in order to coroploat th©
Regiments of Nova ^cotia: especially as the Articles of War
seem so expressly to fforbid it: besides, yon seem, yonrself,
trom the copy of youp Letter to General Braddock, to be of
opmion that he, and Consequently his successor, had power to
lu»ve recall'd the Nom( England Regiment before tlie terms ot
their Inhstments wer^ expir'd,aiKl omploy'd in any other part
ot his Majesty's Service as doubtless we both had.

I have enter'd into so particular an examination of this
matter, to shew the reasons, upon which I have founded my
opinion, that there w^s not the least necessity of going into
the measures you have, for completing the Nova Scotia Regi-
ments, and that there is no occiision for other Instructions to
torbid your persisting in them, than what bis Majesty hatb
given m his Article^ of War, which seem to me plainly to
lorbid it. f J

I was in hopes |;he heart burnings occasion'd in the
Frovmce by this affait were allay'd untill I reed, a few days
ago an address full otj discontent from the Assembly upon it
as you will see by the inclos'd extract, and upon my not
immediately answering it, I found their raising new Levies
tor au attempt agst. (prown Point this Spring labour'd much
in the House of Repifesentativos ; to satisfy them therefore,
1 was oblig d to send them the inclos'd answer: by which you
will see, Sir, I have moderated their demands for the discharge
ot such men, as have ^nlisted out of the New England Regi-
ment before the expiration of Uie terms of their former
mlistments, and confin'd it to those, who have Parents,
Children, or near Re^tives in the Province of the Massachu-
setts Bay. !

As to the others Who may have inlisted, there will, I
believe, no ill conseqijiences arise from your retaining them :
but the Umbrage it wjU give to this Province, from whence
JNova bcotia hath so often drawn considerable and most timely
succours and may possibly, upon future occasions, stand in
need ot their help ag4iii, to have the former retain'd against
tlieir Inclinations, will I am persuaded, hurt tlie Kings Service
mhuitely more, than ^heir number towards corapleating the
Kegiraent, into wch. tl^ey have inlisted, will do good : I would
therefore have them r^turn'd to the several Companies in the

WAR IN NORTH AMERICA, 1754r-1761.

425

New England Rogt., to which they respectively belong'd,
if they choose it; and must desire you would give the proper
Orders to have them notify^d of it.

As to my " entering previously into an Engagement with
" the House of Representatives, that the two Battallions, to a
"man should be punctually returned to New England,"
Colonel Winslow must bo under a mistake about that matter,
if he understands it so : You will see by their Address to
me, they make no such claim : All they desire is that I would
make good to the Soldiers the terms of their Enlistments, one
part of which is that they shall be discharged, at the End
ot the Year for wch. they inlisted (or sooner if the Service
should be over) and sent back to New England ; nor did I to
the best of my remembrance enter into any Engagements
whatsoever with the House of Representatives, other than
what may result from that made with the Soldiers : wch. is
among other things, that they shall be discharg'd at the
expiration of their enlistments, and sent back to New England :
and must, without doubt, be punctually perform'd, if they
desire it, but can't be understood to preclude them from
entering into any regiment after they are regularly discharg'd
from the Service, into which they were inlisted.

Mr. Hancock informs me, that no Vessells can be fitted at
Halifax for transporting the New England Soldiers back hither,
and that he and company have a considerable Quantity of plat-
forms & water Casks here belonging to the Crown. I theror
fore thought it advisable to give them orders for hiring and
fitting up a suitable number ot Vessells, as soon as may be
that they may arrive at Halifax to embark the Troops at the
time they have a Right .... their discharge from the
service, and return home, or if you think that his Majesty's
Service in Nova Scotia will admit of sending any part of them
to New England before the terms of their Enhstments are
expir'd, I would have them sent forthwith,' as their early
arrival here will be for the good of the Service, and be a
saving at the same time to the Government of Nova Scotia :
You will see. Sir, in my answer to the Assembly's address
what I have promis'd shall be done in this respect, and which
is what I think the public faith of his Majesty's service with
the Soldiers of all Regiments requires should be done, and I
would therefore have perform'd : I must desire at all events,
that everything should be avoided, wch. can possibly be con-
stru'd to be done wth. a design to lay any compulsion or hard-
ship upon the Soldiers in order to induce them to iulist into

426

KOTA SCOTIA DOCUMEaiTS.

the Nova Scotia Rogijneiits ; Yon see, Sir, from past ground-
less reports wch. prextail'd here, how necessary this caution is.
B . . . . Soldjers quitting of Nova Scotia shall appear
to you to endanger the safety of it, I would have them engag'd
to remain in their prejsent service for such further short term,
as you aliall think tha Service requires, and they can be pre-
vailed upon voluntarjily to stay in it : I can't but hope, if
their further stay should be necessary for the preservation
of the Province from falling immediately into the Enemy's
Hands, they would rpadily consent to remain longer in the
defence of it : Amoig those who shall come first from Nova
Scotia, I should be gltd to have Major Prebble, Capt. Stevens,
Capt. Hibbs, Capt. A^ams, Capt. W'illard, and their companies
sent.

I am now and shill be in great want of arms : I must
desire yon therefore,|Sir, not to fail to return, when the New
England Regiment Itaves Nova Scotia, the 2000 Stands of
Arms, I order'd to be| deliver'd to Colonel Moncton for their
use : or such part of! them as are not now us'd by thom, as
soon as possible : Ypu will of course have arms sent over
from England for the [Augmentation of the three Nova Scotia
Regiments. j

I have deliver'd your inclos'd bills upon Mr. Kilby to Messrs.
Apthorp, Hancock and Erving ; it is clear *to me, that I have
no power from Sir Tfiomas Robinson's Circular Letter to pay
them out of the mojiey at my disposal for Contingent Ser-
vices ; and there wo|ild this Inconvenieucy arise from it : If
the protection and djefence of Nova Scotia should be deem'd
an Extra Provincial one, and not properly chargeable to
the Government of that Province, how shall I avoid the
Demands of the several Provinces concern'd in the expedi-
tion against Crown foint, wch. is out of the limits of their
several Governments, for the payment of the charges incurr'd
by them in that service, wch. is really Extra Provincial, and
if comply'd with wcmld load the Crown with a very great
Charge.

I must desire. Sir, you will send me, as soon as you conve-
niently can, a Plan of the Fortifications of Beau Sejour at the
time it was taken by the troops under the command of Lieut.
Colonel Moncton : as also a . . . present situation, with
the additional work3,:that have already been made, and of such
as are propos'd to bej still added, with the number and nature
of the Garrison, it i$ intended to contain ; and also plans of
the several Forts, thkt are already built iu Nova Scotia, wth.

WAB

IN NOBTH AMERICA, 1754-1761.

427

their distances from each other, giving an account in what
manner they are intended to protect the Prov.nce.

T must likewise desire a return of the State ot tne Aruuery
andXdn nee Stores now in Nova Scotia, specifying the
nature of the different pieces of Cannon and Mortars, and

^^•^^Xhlfw a^reinforcement of men,.to manage the
Artillery I propose having under my own immediate Com-
mand You are to order the Commanding Officer of the
S tachment of the Royal Regiment of ArtiUe^^ at M^fax to
have in readiness to join me upon the shortest "oticc one
1st LLtenant, 1 Serjeant, 2 Corporals, 4 Bombardiers. 3
Gunners and 34 Matrosses : wch. men are to be replaced from
g^^rds company of Artillery in N^^^^^^^^

?f -t-tnd ilt^e a sufficient ^^l^'/r^L can't be spa.d
from Capt Ord's Company, you are then to order the three
SegimenTs under your'coiimLd to f-!"ftheir equal Pro-
portions of men to join the Company «^/;:t'"?^y f j^^^^
and to do duty wth. them in the several Garrisons in ^ova
<4pr.tia 'till the above detachmt. is replac a. . „ .

sent to me from the Officers of each rank in the ftli and 47th
Regiments intitled to preferment, in consequence of the death

of Cant. Floyer and Capt. Stone. • n „ *v.v<.»

I likewise find by your returns that there are in the thiee

Regiments nineteen Ensigncies Vacant, I I'^ve therefore sent

you^ aTt of the names of those I I'-^-^-'J^S^Po fteir
I have order'd those . . • repair immediately to their

^t'sterday I received the duplicate of yo- f-^;" °f ^^/^
4th of Jani/ary : the Schipper who delivered it to ™«.;"t™
me th<>re had been some skirmish between a partj under
Lt ' C Scott and some French and Indians, m wcl. t^o
French Neutrals were taken Prisoners and Eight ot the
Enemy Indians were Killed: but without the particular cir-

•'TCSv:^?Ll^you foran account of it in your next
as aK wLt NeutralsW be still left in the Peninsula and
whether they have made any Head there.

I am oblig'd to you for the part you take in the success ot
my undertakings ; I beg leave to assure you that I shall ever

42S

!fOVA SCOTIA DOCtJMEHTS.

have the wannest fishes for your success in every attempt,
and all your counsels for His Majesty's Service: and that I
am with a most uuffeign'd Esteem
Sir,
Your most Obedient,

Humble Servant,

W. SHIRLEY.
Seven Blank
Ensign Commissionp, vizt.

for yourself ta fill up, and one

Col: Montague Wilmot, wch. please to deliver
the inclos'd Letter with my complim.
Col: Winslow to come immediately . .
His Majesty's S

other method for c6mpleting the Augmentation of the three
Nova Scotia Regimjents, than enlisting Men upon this Conti-
ment : By what M^-. Green tells me, I am not without hopes
of you receiving same Recruits from England in the Spring :
it seems to me very obvious for them to think of so advisable
a measure. j

Indorsed, — Becd. Marj:h 6, per Cap. Purdy.

Governor Shirley to Governor Lawrence.

I Boston, March 13th, 1756.

Sib,—

I have received the duplicate of your letter dated the
18th of February ithe original is not yet arrived) and hope
mine of the 16th oj' the same month in answer to yours of the
24th of January, id before now come to your hands.

I am sorry to find by your last, that you are of opinion that
a dismission of the two New England Battalions before the
Augmentation of the tliree Regiments of his Majesty's regu-
lar troops is complpated will be of so dangerous Consequence
to your province af you represent: and that at the same time
the troops of the Npw England Battalion, now at Halifax press
earnestly to be discharged, that you are inclin'd to think they
are put upon it by some of their principal Officers.

WAH IN NOBTH AMERICA, 1754-1761.

429

. I am now to acquaint yon. Sir, that in order to facil tate the
combating of all the King's Regiments upon this Continent to
SoOO men e!ch, I have taken off the late restraint Ilay'd upon
the recruiting Officers against entertaining indented servants :
the benefit of wch. I can't but hope the Nova Scotia recruit-
ng officers will soon find, as all the other., have apparently
done and be thereby enabled to compleat tl^eir respective
regiments sooner than might before be f P^-j^^J = f * «^^
this should not have the desired success I enclose two otters
from myself, one to Lieut: Col : Wins ow and the other to
uTc7. Sco'tt open for your perusal, directing them to use
their utmost influence with the men under their respective
commal to consent to remain in their present service longer
as vou desire : If they can't be prevailed on to do that with-
out a small bounty, I would advise to their being enlisted de
novo I mean as irregulars into the Regiments they at present
bek.ng to, for the term of a year, by which time I hope you
will b^e able to finish every part of the service lor whidi they
were first rais'd, and compleat the three regiments of regu-
krs with you : If they can't be induc'd to In ist for another
year we must be content with their doing ,t for a shorter
Irm The Detention of the men beyond the respective
terras of their late enlistments against their consent would be
a Violation of his Majesty's faith with the Soldier not answer
?he end o? the Service, for which they shall be detained, and
prevent the future raising of any other men '"New England
for his Majesty's Service, except such as will inlist at large^

The breach of faith with the Soldiers in this point is in my
opinion a matter of so tender a nature that in the year 1748
when I had the honour to receive his Majesty's ordeis to
Smiss tSe Troops niis'd for the then late -tended expedi^
tion against Canada, retaining. such a number as I should
judge necessary for the protection of Annapolis »«)'«'' AtooK
Se liberty to dismiss them cdl (they haying expressly enl.sed
for the term of that expedition only, with a promise of being
discharged at the end of it) & mhsted about 600 »/ /J'^"^ f
novo for the Nova Scotia Service upon a bounty of 30» per
man: and upon Lord Dupplin's inquiring of mp-.^t a meet ng
Tthe Lords Commissioners for Trade, &c., join'd with the
Paymaster General of his Majesty's Forces and the SecreteTy
at \Var why I reinlisted those men at the expense of a new
bounty,' when I was directed to retain them, I a««.gned this
reason that the retaining them against their Consent, which
mu rhave been the case, beyond the term of their former

1A0

:roVA SCOTIA DOcnHBsrs.

Inlistmts. would have been a Violation of the faith of the'
Proclamation upon which they inlisted : and my proceeding
was for that reason unanimously and entirely approved of by
the whole board.

I have now stated the sole difficulty in keeping the New
England Troops longer in their present service : it arises from
their being at present so earnest in pressing for their dis-
charge, which they have undoubted right to claim : As to
my Government's consent to their longer stay, wch. you seem
to look upon as requisite in your letter, it is out of the
question, as I, in effect, inform'd you in my last; I never
made any engagement concerning the matter with them nor
ever shall make such an one. The e^agement made was
with the men, and must be observ'd it is not in my power to
dispense with it: and it depends upon themselves only
whether they will ipsist upon being immediately sent home &
there discharg'd or not: The uneasiness in my assembly and
the whole proviucej arose from the Officers of his Majesty's
Regular Troops inlisting the Soldiers of the New England
Battalions into thejr Regiments without being regularly dis-
charg'd, and entertaining them against the consent of the
New England Offiders (concerning the irregularity and inex-
pediency of which practice it is needless for me to add here
what I have said ini my last letter upon that subject) as also
from the report, which obtained in the province (tho I dare
say not well founded) that the men who inlisted were drove
to iulist by some injconveniencies the Irregulars were exposed
to in the treatmenl) of them, beyond what the Soldiers of the
Regular Troops we(re.

I was from the beginning apprehensive of the difficulties
which might arise ito his Majesty's Service in Nova Scotia
from the New Eng|and Forces being inlisted into it for too
short a term : thisj was the reason, when Lt. Col : Moncton
propos'd to me on Vour part the inlisting them for Six months
only, that I represented to him the inconvenience of so short
an iulistraent, and persuaded him to consent to my inlisting
them for a year : had not that been done the difficulty might
have been much greater than it is even at present : and could
I have foreseen tliiat any other part of Service would have
prevented the making an attempt for removing the French
from St. John's River the last year, I should have insisted on the
Troops being inlisted for two years or at least eighteen mouths.

As things have turn'd out we must remedy these inconve-
niencies in the best manner, we can, for his Majesty's Service.

WAR IN NORTH AMERICA, 1754-1761.

431

You will And in my inclos'd letters to Lt. Col. Wins-
low and Lt. Col. Scott that I have us'd my mBuence
Zv the Officers of the New England Regiment to en-
ca/o them to exert their best Endeavours with their men
fo^make 'em continue in their P-ent service^ as long a.
the state of the province shall require it: Ihis ^ snouia
Sink tlei? own interest should naturally prompt them to
as the r present pay is so much superior to what the Offi-
cers ii the pay of the province receive and I can account
Sr the principal Officers acting tho contrary part, which you
suspect they do, no otherwise than from some strong disgust,
thevinay have conceived partly perhaps from having the
SoWieTsunder their command taken from them into the Regi-
ments upon the Establishment against their consent . I had
hideod «ome time before heard that so good an harmony, as
could be wished, did not subsist between the Officers of the
New Endand Regiments, and those ot his Majesty s Regular
¥roops wch. gave me concern not only as a . coolness and
dissatisfaction between these troops, wch are Jo>^d and act
tocether in his Majesty's Service must have a tendency to
hurt t but as there was likewise danger of its being com-

m" i ated to? and creating a rr'<^-,«t-d-|„^,S"wch
Governints. of Nova Scotia and those of New England, wch
caJt but be prejudicial to his Majesty's Interests in the
former, on several accounts. . u *„„ t

As I have sent for Lt: Col: Winslow to come to Boston I
have directed one of the inclosed Letters to 1"- «' , h^,"«^*
Commanding Officer oi his Battaillon, in '^^l^^J^^^^^'J.^^"
imbark'd before this reaches you: and the other to Lt .J.ol.
S^ot', together with the requisite orders, impowering them to
fnlistthe^men under their respective Commands ^r anther
year or such other term, not exceeding that ^s it shall be
practicable, I thought advisable for yourself to enlist them for.
^ It wUl in the En^d be the same Expence to the Crown, w^ie-
ther the bounty money necessary to be given fo"" .»"l'^t'"£ J''^^.
men de novo (if that should be found necessary) is paid out of
Se Annual Grant of parliament for the support of your G.>
venin"t. or out of the Contingent money to be disposed of bj
me I think for many reasons it is most regular that the pay-
Sent of he Expence's incurr'd on account of the New Engld.
Troops rais'd for the Service of Nova Scotia should go on m
the Channel, wch. they have been hitherto conducted in if
should be thought otherwise, it will be easy to transmvt his
M^esty's orders to me to reimburse your Government out of

^32 NOVA SCOTIA DOCTTMENTS.

i. Tvrh is the method that hath been
the Contingent nif"}^^! J^^",^^ J'*' j" the mean time I can't
lately made use of y?f™-l' to vou to advance the Bounty
^'^^ ^^' tich m"l^ Set ceT^T f- refa^inlng the New England
money, winch "^'^Jj;^^'^^ you, will justify you m doing it.

thesnpposednecessifyo his Majesty 8 ^^^^.^^ ^^ ^^.^^

which must depend I pon J "^and knowledge of all its ave-
your long residence (^n the spot *«" ™° ^ ^ ^^ the

Les and the ^ituatio^of every par^ of \tjth. re,p ^^^

French, y?\™t^'lS L be S^e ff youlontinue in doubt
own part I think it ought to be done ii > ^^^^

as yon now seem ^^^f '^'^;.^" ^^.Tth'Xw iig^^^^^^
Province in case th^ ^eprtuie ot the m.w > ^^^^

Ions should take plftce before ^^^^ ^J^^^ff^s occasion it
King;s Troops are compleated. and a iipon .^ ^^^^^^^ ^^

may be a satisfactioi^ to > °j;;° "f ;^ f j^ova Scotia and what

^TrlC idea I ijave of tV-e f-^- ^^^^^^^^
stances of the Prov nee, now *]'« f ^^^^^^.^ , " ung, are in so
residence within it it^^/'^f^^ •Y^^e'^^f to me, Sir, that the
great a degree removed out "^ ;/^;* ^^^Xonld be to fortify the
Lo principal objects of your ^ ^ ^'O" f oui ^^^^ ^.^ ^^

Isthius between the ^^fj^:!- Temect Ii the former,
take possession of ^t John s Kiver-^ nrovince against sud-
you ire sensible would be to ecme the P;ov. g^ ^,^^. ^,^^

den descents and attacks of t»'«^j.^^"'J/;g°Ve Gulf: not to
river St La^^;rencei and Cap Breton ac.o^ ^ ^^^

mention St J" >°'«,If "'^' jSnce Danger may arise to it, when
to the peninsula; <k froni f fj'^f^f ^^h • The Effect of the
that Island shall be setUed by tbejrench

latter, to prevent the f/^.^^^^. J^-^.^nger the safety of the
that Rir'7';r<fff arcomlinSfn between Canada*
Bay of Funda; c«t off *'' "'™" _egent carried on across
Schiegnecto, which 19 or ^'^y^^.^'^* P!^*'"' from the river St

Sia dependent upon the English.

WAS IN NORTH AMEBtCA, 1754-1761.

433

As to Halifax, Sir, the danger to be apprehended m that
auarter must be from an armament fitted out agamst it from
«ld France in which case there is the strongest reason to
depend upon the French's being disappointed m such an
attempt by an armament from Great Britain.

The proper End of the Isthmus for the French to erect
their principal Fortress upon was certainly that next the Bay
of Funda from whence they were most expos'd to attacks from
the English, & where thev accordingly built one at Beau
Seiour: The vicinity likewise of this fort to their settle-
ments upon St John's River with which it was material for
them to keep a constant communication across the Bay ot
Funda, by which channel they had a quick correspondence
with Quebec, was another reason for erecting their grand for-
tress where thev did: as to the End next Bay Vert, thro
which they drew their support, both from Quebec down the
river St Lawrence and from Lonisbourg across the Gulf, their
small fortified magazine which they built near the Bay for
receiving the neces.«ary supplies of Stores and provisions tor
their grand fort, and transporting them to it by land, thro a
practicable road of about sixteen miles, was sufficient there.
On the contrary the end of the Isthmus next Bay Vert ou
which side the peninsula lies most expos'd to the danger of
fludden attacks and descents from Quebec thro the river St.
Lawrence, and from Louisburg across the Gulf, seems, for the
like reason, to be the proper place for the English to build
their principal Fort upon, in order to maintain their possession
of the Isthmus and the whole of Bay Vert: Besides this a
toroper fortification built there would enable them to cutt off
■the present Intercourse, wch. the French of Louisbonrg have
with the Canada Indians, and to molest the navigation between
Cape Breton and the river St. Lawrence which might distress
the inhabitants of that island, as well as those of Canada, by
leaving them no place but France to supply them with pro-
visions and other necessaries : It would likewise prevent the
French from making any considerable settlements upon St.
John's Island, from whence farther danger might arise in time
to the peninsula, and from carrying on any fishery there : and
most effectually preclude them from having any settlements
upon the coast of Bay Vert. ^ ^i, tj

The fort at the other end of the Isthmus next the Bay
of Funda, now Fort Cumberland, would serve for a place
of retreat in case of any sudden emergency, and for a maga-
aine of ammunition, Stores, and provisions for the prmcipal

434

NOTA

SCOTIA DOCDl

TKBHTS.

Fort, all well, would b^ constantly supplied thro the bay of
Funda.

Tlie Fort next Bay Vert should be very strong, and capable
of holding a large number of men. wch. in case of any extra-
ordinary attack, it might be supported with from the Now
England Colonies thr6 t|ie Bay of Funda : 500 men might be
sufficient for the present Garrison, and of 100 for that next
the Bay of Funda: The Fort should be situated so as to
protect tlie Harbour of pay Vert, if that can be done.

I know not. Sir, what particular directions you may have
received for fortifying ihe Peninsula, or for the expenditure
of the j£10,000 trausnjitted to yon for that branch of the
service : But if the s((;heme 1 have mention'd for securing
the Isthmus shpuld not) be inconsistent wh. those directions,
and be thought a proper one, it would be a pity that any
considerable supis should bo lay'd out in additional works
either to Fort Cumberlfind, the Fort at Gaspereau near Bay
Vert, or Fort Lawrencei, the two latter of wch. might, upon the
erecting of the proposal large Fort at Bay Vert, be dropp'd.

Before I qnit this side of the Peninsula I would propose
for your consideration, whether taking possession of the Har-
bour at Tatamagouche, and erecting a small Fort there to be
garrison'd with 150 n^en may not be necessary, and some
light work proper to b^ erected at Cobequid, capable of hold-
ing about 30 men.

As to the other principal object of attention, which I have
before mention'd, vizt., the taking possession of, and fortifying
St. John's River, I tlijink dislodging the French from their
Settlemts. upon it, and taking possession of their upper Port,
wch. from the accounts given by some of the Eastern Indians,
and New England Tracers to those parts, it seems probable
they have built about 9fd miles up the river, and six below the
old Indian Town, an essential Service : and as the Business
the French have now on their hands for the defence of their
Encroachmts. at Crown Point and upon lake George, and Lake
Iroquois, call'd by them Lake Champlain, seem to afford a
favourable opportunity for attempting it early this spring,
before they will probably expect, or at least be well prepar'd
for it, I am of opinion the attempt should be made as soon
as the season will admit, and you can be provided with every
thing necesary for the Expedition wch. I suppose was for the
most part prepar'd last year.

From the present strengtli of the French Settlements as I
have heard it computed by the most experienced and inteili-

-iL^j^^^^itA/u.

WAB IS HOBTH AKEBICA, 1754-1761.

435

cent English Traders to them, I should think 800 or 1000 men
Bt most would be sufficient to make this attempt at the time
propos'd, and as it would take but a short time, and you have
rid the province of so many of the French Inhabitants, that
you might spare that number especially if the two New Eng-
land Battallioug, or even one of them remain with you.

When the French are drove from their Settlemts. on St
John's River, 150 men posted where the French fort is sup-
pos'd to stand now, at the head of their Settlements, and about
six miles from the old Indian town, would probably be a suffi-
cient force, for preventing the French from returning to their
settlements and to oblige the St John's Indians either to quit
their head quarters there, or the French Interest: and m
such case a garrison of 50 men posted at the lower fort near
the mouth of the river, lately abandon'd by the French, and
which I am inform'd may be soon repair'd might be sufficient
there, as we are masters of the Bay of Funda by sea.

The Isthmus with the Harbours of Bay Vert and Tatama-
gouche on one side and the river St John's on the other being
thus secur'd. and the Peninsula so far clear'd of the French
Inhabitants t should think the interior settlemts. of the penin-
sula, and in the Bay of Funda would have little to fear from
Canada or Cape Breton, consequently that the number of
posts which might before be necessary to be kept up there,
might be reduc'd, and the forces, which are at present so
divided, be collected so as to make 3000 men with the full
Company of Rangers more than sufficient to keep the neces-
sary posts, and perform the common services, and leave 200
men to garrison the Forts at Placentia and St John, in New-
foundland, .f^. rr 1 r
As to the Settlement of Germans at Lunenburg if the had ot
posting the 152 men there, which I find by your return of the
cantonment of the troops are plac'd there at present, is to be a
guard upon the Inhabitants of that town, the Province had
better be without the Settlemt. unless an equal number at
least of settlers, whose fidelity to his Majesty's Government
maybe depended on, can be soon introduced among them:
otherwise the more that Settlement increases, the more dan-
gerous and burthensome it will grow to the province : and
this instance seems to shew the risque of making entire set-
tlements of Foreigners of any kind in so new a Government
as Nova Scotia, without a due mixture of natural born sub-
jects among them. .

As to the Apprehensions you express m your letter, bir,

i36

NOVA acoTiA DocirifEirra.

concerning an attempt's being made upon Annapolis Royal by
a body ot French and Indians early in the spring, I can't but
hope, that if the Isthmus is well guarded with the mouth of
St John's River, as thq Province is so well clear'd of French
thd they may threaten ithat fort with a visit in the sprine it
18 most probable that tjiey will consider better of it, since they
have been already fbi^d in so many attempts upon it; once
wlien the garrison wasi much weaker than it is now, the works
in a most ruinons condition, and none but French Inhabitants
upon the peninsula, exfcept the Troops of the Garrison, and at
other times when the {jrovince was in the same expos'd condi-
tion except that the wbrks of the Port at Annapolis were re-
S^if ,f"i '^ OarrisU something stronger; besides, the
difficulty they must ha^e to support themselves in their acqui-
sitton if they should succeed in the attempt against Annapo-
lis, unless they can at ^he same time make themselves masters
of the Bay of Fnnda, ^vi the Isthmus, seems to discourage
the thoughts of It. It is however certainlv a point of pru-
dence to be well provitjed against all attempts of tins kind.

I sliould likewise thii k, Sir, that the 500 French Inhabitants
mention'd in your letter to be lurking in the Woods, can't
possibly subsist there l<)ng, but must either soon come in or
retire to St. John's Rijer, where the French will doubtless
make themselves as strong as they can ; which shews the
necessity of attemptingf to dislodge them from thence as soon
as possible: and Mr. poisliebert's absence from the River
with his party of French and Ii>dians, which you likewise take
notice of m your letter seems to favour the making an attempt
there as soon as may be: at least it would rid the peninsula
ot Mr. Boishebert and his party.

The surprize of the vessel loaded with provisions from
Boston to Annapolis lin Passimaquaddie Harbour by the
■Indians was a very unfortunate accident as it will yield the
French and their Indians a very considerable support, I wish
the Vulture Sloop of Wftr may succeed in retaking her

You will find by my last letter that I have no thoughts of
drawing a detachment (^f the Regulars from Nova Scotia to
serve upon the Continent in the Spring, as you mention was
rumour'd, but ae you seem to have no immediate occasion for
the full company of Airtillery now with yon, and I have .v
pressing one for part of St to be employ'd soon in his Majesty's
service upon the continent, I order'd a detachment of it to be^
sent to me, which I hope may be now spar'd from the Service
m Nova Scotia and wqald have embark for New York- by

WAB J» NOBTH AMERICA, 1754^-1761.

437

the first Opportunity in the Vessel, wch. conveys these des-
patches there to wait further Orders.

Captain Broke having on this occasion expressed some
concern in a letter to me at my having order d his farst
Lieutenant up with the detachment of his Company, and
desired that he might come with it instead of his Lieutenant,
I shall refer that matter wholly to yourself. Sir, if yon have no
obioction to it, and think it will be no detriment to his
Majesty's Service with you that he should leave the Province
desire you will send him to New York with the detachment
of his Company ordered thither; But if you think it will, 1
would have his Lieutenant proceed with it according to my

first Orders. , , . ^i,- at- ^i t«

I bee the favour of your honour to despatch this Vessel to
New York with the detachment of the Artillery Company as
Boon as possible.

I am with Great regard and Lsteem
Sir,
Your most Obedient,

Humble Servant,

W. SHIRLEY.

Governor Shirley to Governor Lawrence.
(Duplicate.) Boston, March 19th, 1756.

Before I had sealed up my letter of the 13th Inst, I was
favoured with yours of the sixth, acknowledging the receipt
of ray packet of the 16th of February: and since that Lieut.
CohWinslow is arrived who informs me that almost the^:'«''«
of his Bataillon will embark soon for Boston : Notwithstand-
ing this I flatter myself that the Force you will have with
you after their departure, may still put it into their power to
make an early attempt for removing the French from their
Settlements on St. John's River. .

That force as I compute it from your returns will consist oh
1703 rank and rile regulars, 651 New England Irregulars and:
your Company of one hundred rangers, in ilie whole J,4&4 ,;
If one thousand of those will be sufficient for the proposed
attempt in conjunction with such vessels as shall be employed
in it: and 500 a sufficient guard for the Isthmus during the
time of making it, and the 114 which is the present garrison,
of Annapolis, is a sufficient force for the defence of that: as I
should think they would be for the short absence of the-

! I

438

NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

forcessentto St John's river, there would then remain 500
for Hahfax, winch I should think would, with the protection
of the ships under Captain Spry's Command, be aCfficS
defence against any attempts from Canada, whilst that nr^
posed agamst St. John's Hirer was making and 340 toT
distnbuted at Fort Edward, Lunenburg, Saci^iireVwence
Town dunng the same time. ^wreuce

I think from the very late confirmation I have had of the
several accounts, I have constantly received these last three
years of the state of St. John's River, it may be depended
upon that U ,s navigable upon the top of the^tide oTer the
firs falls by Vessels of 150 Ton and as high as the ffrench
Settlements and their own Fort which are fll^ eagurup

that the shoal water begins there, at about two leagues below
near tli p'"J°^f 'r'^ Naducteek, which is sitEd at oT
yeak- that a's fit ^'*r'" * '^ "vers St. John's and PatcoT
yeak, that as the rivfer is m many places very wide and
abounds with islands ^nd creeks, it^-s^necessaryfoT persons
thatTh "v'^T't,^ ."'•?' '^' V'^*'- ^ haveVpSrand
SScke^\!tTc:nnot '' " "'' *"^ ^'^"^^^ ^^^^ * ^^
As vessels would be discovered in coming up the river at
such a distance as to gi^e the fi-rench settler^s timely noSe Z
abandon or destroy th^ir houses and retire into the Woods
with their cattle and efifects : Whaleboats which might come
upon them by surprize would be more proper to tr" Sort the

IrTorTSjl'" *'.*^ ^"'^™Pt..-."d yeLefs might fJSw IS
Artillery, Ordnance stores, provisions &c the next day

1 spoke much to Colopel Monckton when at Boston Lon the

Tm d'it'tSlmto""^"'"'*^ "i'^'^' ""' *« ^-' andrcom-
mencled It to him to have a number provided; but if you are

pot furmshed with them, the transports must be made use of

ns ead of them: Th6 the King's sloops of war cau^go up as

high as the French Fort or Settlements: Yet I unlerstand

5wj!p f- '* P'^'^'^f "P°° ^'^ »«»•• f'o spot where the

for ri "■• '\ '"P-r^^^ *° "^"'^ ^o«'d «°«"re the Country

IheffZ^hT*^'"?. T"" ^^^ "'''-' ^'^^^^^y discourage
the Ifrench from attemptinir to makfi ««f*L.r,»r>*: ,„ „ Al

ontZVir • '.'^'"'°" ("ut most likely the latter) and

libftini. t*k?"'""l°?*'r '"'^'°1? ^l^y "-^ the French Indians
inhabiting the coast between the Bay de Chaleurs and Bay

WAB IS SOBTH AMERICA, 1754-1761.

439

Vert have at present by means of the Portage between the
River of St JoW's and Patcotyeak, which I am informed is
frequently the route of the latter of those Indians to Quebec
as shorter and more convenient for their Canoes, than up the
River St. Lawrence. . ^ i i

I desire you would take the first opportunity. Sir, to let me
know your own opinion upon the several works I have pro-
nosed to be erected in your Province. .

Lieut. Colonel Winslow's BatUillon being as he informs me
determined to return to Boston and likely to arrive here
before this will reach you, it would be in vain to send a letter
to him or any ofHcer of his Battaillon to ^%« their Endeavours
to keen the men any longer in the service of Nova Scotia . But
Ke^enclT'd one to Lieutenant Colonel Scot which you will
be pleased to forward to him : One argument for persuading
the men of his Battaillon to remain wit , you at least bn^
enough in making an attempt to remove the French from their
settlfments in tlfe Spring, in case you should de ermine upon
it, and they cant be induced to stay longer might be to pr<>
Sise them when that attempt should be over, that they should

P'-ir^tes me"some'L:.Sl^;n to find that Commodore Spry hath
counfermanded his order for the Hornet Sloop oj W->- ^o ail
for England, not only as it has prevented me from sending
lev'erjmaterial dispatches to England i'^ June to answe
his Majesty's service; but as his manner of doing it almost
tempts mo to give credit to some Rumours which I utterlj

discredited before. ♦„ i,,;„„ T imit

As fast as the Transports sent to Halifax to bring Lieut.
Colonel Winslow's Battaillon to Boston, return I would d^^
patch them back to the Bay of Funda for Col ^^otts Battaillon
Posted at Schiegnectto &c with orders to Fo^e^J^"^^^*^^",*^^
For St John's River upon, the proposed ,f «";pt..*S^" ;*,*£
French Settlements there, in case you shal thmk it adv seable
to prosecute it this Spring before the r^.t"!;" " V • Ha fn
t^iK to Boston or i.i case you dont think that advseable to
Zceed with such of the Soldiers as will not remain with you
louger, directly back to Boston.

I am with great regard and Esteem,
Sir,
Your Honour's moat Obedient

Humble Servant,
My letter to Colonel Soottis put ) W. SHIELEY.

under a flying seal for your perusal. J
Honble Charles Lawrence Esq.

440

KO^'-A SCOTIA D0CUMEST8.

Oovr. PmnaU to Govt. Lawrence.

Dr. Sih,_ J j ^«™^ Jan. 15, '59.

Tinke^ PrJ P J ^ ^i'* ^''?^'' y^ Babaimes in ye room of

have not heard from thence tins fort, igS iLL Jl' f
you, by the Direction apd Seal it is £ our Jack 1 S n [
time to write myself to vn.. «•!,„.. t V"'^,''^'''^' ^ "ad not

:ail-*s/d\f,r^S ^^ ^ ^-^efot;;"a SV^int
i i seeTy?wS t'fT' '''^'''^l^VoUo. The more aSS
enorea.es & myilf uStlT h t^f ^^^ *° '*

fri:ndr*lol:'el:s "^ *" '"' ™^^^'^ '-•^ °^ >-- ^-^

yr faithful! aud obedt.

His Excellency ^'''''''% POWVAT,

Brig Genl. Lawrence, ^- P^^NALL.

Govr. Ac. ofN pcotia.
Ittdar^td Kd. Feb. 3

WAB IN NOBTH AMERICA, 1754-1761.

441

Chvr. PoionaU to Oovr. Lawrence.

*: I Boston, March 9th, '59.

My Dear Sir, —

1 am favor'd with yr letter by Col Mouckton without date,
and before I can sit down to answer it or bo worthj' your
friendship or have mine worth your seeking. I must beg to
understand that you cannot suppose that any letters which
come enclos'd to me go from me sealed with my seal, if such
Ideas of me can arise from a cursory, transient view of a seal
I am very unhappy indeed in ye Esteem of my Friend. But
I hope you have kopt ye seal, & you will find upon a second
view you will find my Brother's wife's Arms together with the
lion of ye Pownalls but in my seal you see the lion alone, a
poor lonely batchelor like his Master.

Don't you i-emember I used to talk of Penobscot when you
was here. — My Assembly have voted 5000 men for this
year's Campaign which considering ye state their last year's
Exertion has reduced them to, is many more than 1 had reason
to Expect. The progress of our Friend Hopson you'll see in
ye inclosed newspaper as also all we have at present from
Europe, & if I guess right it will not be many months before
we shall see Hob himself

Excuse my dear Friend, I am really so shocked and un-
easy at the Expression in your letter, [you guess'd right
about the letter sealed with your seal] that I am not able to
procode in my letter & till I feol myself in your esteem such
as to be worthy your friendship as I feel ye highest Esteem
for you I can only in silence remain what I always with great
truth subscribed myself

Yr most affectionate friend <fe Servant
His Excellency i T. POWNALL.

Br Genl Lawrence

Govr. & Genl. Commander in Chief <fec of N Scotia.

I have sealed this letter with both seals I have

General Amherst to Governor Lawrence.

New York, March ye 16th, 1759.
Dear Sir, —

I have received liis Majesty's orders for sending a number
of his Forces in North America (as you will see by the
enclosed list) to rendezvous at Cape Breton as near as may

442

KOTA SCOTIA D0CCMEMT8.

be about the 20th of Aprill, which Forces are intended for an
Expedition against Quebec under the direction of Brigadier
General Wolfe whom! the King has appointed for that service,
and he is to have the rank of Major General for the Expedition
only. /^

You will please to order that the forces under your com-
mand m Nova Scoti^ do immediately prepare to embark as
soon as the transports arrive at Halifax, for which purpose
I have directed that 6000 tuns of transports shall be hired at
Boston, this place, <fe Philadelphia, for fear that those which
are ordered from England may not arrive in due time, and
that no delays or disappointments may happen from their late
arrival, or from any alccidents that may render them unfit for
immediate Service.

• Twenty thousand l^uns of Transport Vessels were preparing
in England to be seht to this pface, but though tiiey art
ordered here some may very probably drop into Halifax
Harbour in which case you wiU be so good to order them to
remain there, at least as many as will be sufficient for receiving
the garrison of Halifax allowing a tun and a half to each man.

It more transports arrive at Halifax than will be sufficient
tor the Embarkation pf the garrison pray send some directly
to Boston as the 3000 tun I have ordered to be taken up there,
with 40 schooners inltended for the service up the river St
Lawrence will not ba enough for the Artillery, Webb's Reei-
ment, and the Provincials.

The packet boat arrived the 14tli Instant at night, I imme-
diately ordered Eraser's Regiment to march, for that Regiment
18 now the most unlutekily situated of any on the Continent
being at Fort btanwix and the Mohak River and it will take
up some time to get it down to this Place.
Bi3?1 f "u*^ *""■?. °^ transports I take up at this place and
Philadelphia will serv0 for Lascelles's and Eraser's Regiments
which will sail directly from hence for Louisburg.

I have wrote to Governor Pownall for fifteen hundred
Provincials to joyn the five hundred that will be detached from
Moncktons and Lawrjence's Battalions for the protection of
Halifax, Nova Scotia; and the Bay of Fundy and that there
may be no loss of time I shall order the Provincials to be
embarked at Boston and to proceed directly to the diflferent
iZ".'^°S^ '"^''^ ^*>' ^^ ^"""^y at the following distributions:
Tk?. . i°^-*' Cumberland, 250 to Annapolis, 250 to St. John's,
100 to Pisiquid, 200 to Lunenburg.

The Officers commanding theso detachments of Provincials

WAB « HOBTH AMERICA, 1754-1761.

44S

will receive the Orders from the Commanding Officers in the
several Posts who will immediately embark on board the
Vessels the Provincials go in and will repair to Halifax.

I shall direct Br. General Monckton or Colonel Burton, one
of which I shall appoint for the care of the embarkation at
Boston to send a sufficiency of Tunnage for receiving the
present Garrisons that Otway's & Kennedy's Regiments and
McCurdy's & Danks's Company's of Ri\ngers may be embarked
on board those Vessels to go to Halifax, and likewise the
detachment which is at present at Lunenburg.

The 300 remaining Provincials will sail directly for Halifax
to ioyn tlie detachment of 500 from Monokton's and Lawrence's.
I think this is the shortest and easiest method for the present
relief, you will be so good to make what alterations you may
think necessary hereafter in changing the numbers of the
different posts.

As it may happen that some part of the troops may not
arrive at Halifax so soon as the others are ready, it is the
King's pleasure that the whole of this important service should
not wait, but that the forces should be sent to be at the ren-
dezvous at Louisburg by the time aforementioned, and the
remaining part to be sent with all expedition as soon after as
possible.

I enclose to you copys and extracts of letters which I have
wrote to Boston for your information of what is ordered in
regard to the embarkation of the Troops <fe a list of promo-
tions which I have received from Lord Barrington. Brigadier
General Monckton arrived here the 12th Instant, the day after
poor Eorbes died, and as he was preparing to go to Philadel-
phia the arrival of the Packet brought him a Letter of service
for the river St. Lawrence, so that he will return soon to
Halifax to proceed to Louisburg.

I am to acknowledge the receipt and to return yon my
thanks for your very obliging letter of the 10th of February,
which was delivered to me by Br. Monckton. The good
change in the health of the Troops is come at a very season-
able time, how they are to be compleated I know not, but I
hope drafts will be sent from pjugland to do it, for the recruit-
ing has had very little success.

It is late at night and the sloop sails early to-morrow morn-
ing, that I shall not trouble you with anything further at
present than to assure yon, that if I had the disposition of the
services I certainly should not do anything but what would be
perfectly agreeable to you, and that I imagine you are left at

■tmm^-

444

NOTA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

require the car, of an expTrSSdtd\3offi"e " ''' "'"^^
I am ^vm, the utmost truth and e^stoenr
j m&r feir, your most humble

! and obedient servant

Br. GenL Lawrence. *^^^^- AMHERST.

General Amherst* to Governor Latorence.
Dkae Sir,- ' ^^"^ ^°«'^'- ^P"" l^tii, 1759.

. f^^your^hcltlZ ;::; ^r 'T. PJy'-''^'phia I had the
of March ami alr'^Genetrrn.S" ^'^' '\'^' ^^*'' ^ ^Gth
take the occasion of acknowl dg":mrtLttrv "f 7*' '
who w, 1 deliver likewise a lettfr foTou wtcl / hL'^ '"'"'
him as I set out for Philadelphia ^ '"''^ ^'ven

tered the army at the cirly age o"' U Ff ^ » °I", '". "!? y"" ''l^' ''« e""
nier, and distinguished hiLel? a the battLsTf Rm,' "' n'"'^ '" ^'"^'' ^'«°-
tenoy, under that General, and afterwiirrt; ., ?, Roucoux, Dettingen, and Fon-
tenbeck, on the Staff o? he Duke of r„^h ,' ''f"'^/ °' ^'^'-■^<^' ""d »"•
rank of Major General,' and on the rec.irof Lo"rd I^"h'''' *"= ''"''"'^ "■«
the command of the Ar^iy in AoiericI Hi. fi,., J'""^-"" ''" "PPoin'ed to
was the Expedition against LouiXur^ li M T^P'V'^ "" "'" ^-'onlinent
with the army and fleet destined for th^p' »» 5 f.; '^^S' .,'"> """^J « Halifax
28, and Louifburg surreadered on the 2B.h t' > ^^'r"''""'' ''''"" """f""- "ay
rence served under him «t the ,iege while r" ^ foUow.ng. Wolfe and L./-
the naval force. For this imnor,!'n, •'?**''" *" "•« commander of

House of Commons and he Zecure offlTnV r ""■•""'^^'J; ""•■"" of the
vernment of that provinoe beinT.h?„L • ' ?^ Goj""'"' "^ Virginia (the go-
In the following Novemter h" olan^pS ^nn'""^'' "i^ .resident Lt. Governor).
B ureiuupr, ne planned and accomplished the capture of Fort

WAS nl KORTH AMEKJCA, 1754-1761.

have already given you information, and as to the arras that
may be wanted to compleat the Regiments (which I think can
hardly be any, considering the decrease of arms wanted in the
light Infantry being augmented) they must be supply ed at
their rendezvous at Louisbourg, as 2000 of the arms intended
for the Provincials are sent from England to Louisbourg, and
I have ordered that all the Provincials allotted for Louisburg
and Nova Scotia should be provided with arms which they
will be before they embark at Boston.

The recruiting officers and party's shall joyn yours as fast
as possible. I see by a letter from Wolfe that Lord Ligonier
concludes the recruits from Martinique will compleat the
Regiments, this is the only intelligence I have had of the
method intended to compleat them since the order for sending
out draft* which was afterwards countermanded.

I wish Admiral Duiell had had the men he wanted for his
ships from the Massachusetts Government in the manner I
desired which Mr. Pownall, I thought readily consented to ;
from the jumble that has happened I fear it will fall on the
Regiments to give him men to get out or he will be too late,
and the Regiments will suffer by it.

I wonder Capt Clive did not write to Admiral Durell, he did
to mc to let me know he was determined to go away. I
stopod him by a letter from which he thought proper to wait
my dispatches, I suppose his orders from England were such
as fixed him to return without loss of time, but he might
nevertiieless have wrote to Admiral Durell.

As the works at Fort Cumberland were done by the King's
commands, I cannot but think it absolutely necessary that they
should be finished, for if it is not in a proper state of defence
it would be better there was no fort, the security of the Isth-

du Queine, one of the keys of Canada; and the following season, the reduction
of Niagara, under Gcnl. Johnsim. On the 2eih July, 1769, the day after the
taking of Niagara, Ticonderoga surrendered to his forces, and on the fourteenth
of the following month, the strong post of Crown Point, on Lake Chaniplain.
These victories were followed by the memorable fall of Quebec. On the 8th
September, 1760, he signed the Capitulation of Montreal, and was appointed
Governor General of Canada. On this occasion he was made a Knight of the
Bath, a Lieut. General, and a member of His Majesty's Privy Council.

Sir Jcffery Amherst returned to England in 17G3, on the conclusion of the
peace. A misunderstanding, some years after, arose between him and the
ministry of the day on the subject of American .affairs, and several favours
were refused him. ' He had obtained the government of Virginia as a reward
for hia military services; It had been given him on the distinct understanding
that he should not bo required to reside in that province ; indeed his milital-y
avocations, for some time, altogether precluded him from residing there; yet
in 1768 he wa< superceded in his government by Lord Bottetourt, a court &-

444

KOVA SCOTIA DOC01IENT8.

LnT ^ J?*". Scotia as a Province of the utmost impor-
tance and that from th^ distance the Armys wilt be at, nfuet
require the care of an experienced and good officer
1 am with the utBaost truth and esteem,
Dear Sir, your most humble

and obedient servant,
Bn. ae„l. LawrMce. •"'^^- ^MH™ST.

Gemral Amhei\^t * to Governor Lawrence.

Dear Sir,- ^^"^ ^°«^- ^P"" 1^"'' ^^^Q.

favom^nf"?. '•*•'"" y^'f-'^'^y f'^"' Philadelphia I had the

of March .urr% ^n "^ ^""f ';t °'' f''" ^'^' ^^'^' ^^'^ ^ 26th
tL.tl ■ ' ^/- ^^P'^'''' Monckton is not yet set out, I

vL n Ty''°V/ '^'r^owledging my thanks to yoii by h m
who w,ll deliver likewise a letter to /ou which I had given
him as I set out for Philaflelphia. ^

fiift V'f 'ippointed^u the paymasters of the American

Colon; Yonn^T''''^ f°^ ^"1'^ ^'^"'■■"g '^' ^''''"""ts with

Loloncl Young, I am in Hpes that matter will be soon finished
that e may joyn your Battalion, and I think it would be rig?it
Prevo«t tn'Tr' "*^ t''%?'*«>P^ign that you appointed Major
a pTeW Officer ' J^f"alion as that Battalion is without

rISk of Major fif^elfanl "t," "^ Cumberland. In 1758 he attained the

28, and Lou.sburg surrendered o, the 26th July following Wolfe and Int'

he^'^avaYforcC'^Fortr "^ "'<"'' """'^ Bo.'eawlnTaf thrcfmma"n'd« "of
House of Commonf»n^.?. ""P^f'"'" *l"i". ''e receded the Ihank, of the
"erSr^ent nf hT, "^ '^- ""^"''^ °»<=« °^ Governor of Virginia (the go-
InThTf^ I • J"™""" ''^"'8 '••«" administered by a resident Lt. Governor^
In the following November, he pUnned and accomplished the cap ure of Fo«

WAR in NORTH AMERICA, 1754-1761.

445

have already given you information, and as to the arras that
may be wanted to compleat the Regiments (whicii I think can
hardly be any, considering the decrease of arms wanted in the
light Infantry being augmented) they must be supplyed at
their rendezvous at Louisbourg, as 2000 of the arms intended
for the Provincials are sent from England to Louisbourg, and
I have ordered that all the Provincials allotted for Louisburg
and Nova Scotia should bo provided with arms whicli they
will be before they embark at Boston.

The recruiting officers and party's shall joyn yours as fast
as possible. I see by a letter from Wolfe that Lord Ligonier
concludes the recruits from Martinique will compleat the
Regiments, this is tiie only intelligence I have had of the
method intended to compleat them since the order for sending
out drafts which was afterwards countermanded.

I wish Admiral Durell had had the men he wanted for hia
ships from the Massachusetts Government in the manner I
desired which Mr. Pownail, I thought readily consented to ;
from the jumble that has happened I fear it will fall on the
Regiments to give him men to get out or he will be too late,
and the Regiments will suffer by it,

I wonder Capt Clive did not write to Admiral Durell, he did
to me to let me know he was determined to go away. I
stoped him by a letter from whicii he thought proper to wait
my dispatches, I suppose hia orders from England wore such
as fixed him to return without loss of time, but he might
nevertheless have wrote to Admiral Durell.

rtu Quesne, one of the keys of Canada ; and the following season, the reduction
of iHiagara, under Genl. Jolins(m. On the 2Gth July, 1769, the day after the
taking of Niagara, Ticonderoga surrendered to his forces, and on the fourteenth
of the following month, the strong post of Crown Point, on Lake Champlain
These victories were followed by the memorable fall of Quebec. On the 8th
September, 1760, he signed the Capitulation of Montreal, and was appointed
Governor General of Canada. On this occasion he was made a Knight of the
Bath, a Lieut. General, and a member of His Majesty's Privy Council.

Sir Jeifery Amherst returned to England in 1763, on the conclusion of the
peace. A misunderstanding, some years after, arose between him and the
ministry of the day on the subject of American affairs, and several favours
were refused him. He had obtained the government of Virginia as a reward
for his military services; it had been given him on the distinct understanding
that he should not be required to reside in that province ; indeed his militat?
avocations, for some time, altogether precluded him from residing there ; yet
in 1768 he was superceded in his government by Lord Bottetourt, a court fa-

446

KOVA SCOTIA DOCDMElNTa.

mus requires a fort there aud it would be throwiDff awav
money not to perfect the works as far as necessary for the
detence of the place, the Exponces must be afterwards fixed
according to the manner that Mr. Pitt has ordered, but those
that may have been incurred antecedent to that order, I imagine
should be discharged in the manner as was practised before
I am glad you permitted the Captains of the Hanging Com^
panys to go to Boston tlipy have corapleated their companys
6y what Major Scott wri es me word, you will have heS of
the accident poor Capt A^cCurdy met with as likewise of the
success of His Lieut: in demolishing the settlements at St
t^°VA H " recommendation of Major Scott I have pre-
fer'ed Lt Hazzen to CaptjMcCurdy's Company

iilf? ^"'^^}i^ ^^"^^^^ ^* >"°"'' resolutions for building a
hght house the temporary one may save the lives of some

thouiiS'.f V\"'^ ''" "" *'•"* ^^^''f^^ ^i" fl°""sh, the
thougiits of which are veify agreeable to me.

hi.T ffu^" ^T^^'- ^'^"^^'•"^•eJ safe to you, our successes
have not fallen off since I Jwrote to you by him, we seem to be
going on everywhere altno^t equall to the warmest wishes
ot our best friends, I see no reason why they should not
continue, which will soonj produce a happy end to this war.
I just now hear by the arrival of Capt. Lindsay that the
BeUone Frigate of 36 Guqs is taken by the Vestal of inferior
torce both in men and gups after a very smart engagement.
S?1^a } P"''^ *° ^°^^'*"'^ ^"'^ is to return

I am glad you have assisted Capt. Ferguson with an hun-
dred men for making up the Cartridges which are very
necessary materials. ^

WAB m NOBTH AMEBICA, 1754-176l(

447

J^lJ^^n'^"""!? *•■?""/ i''^'""*' hecpssary the Governor shouldT^de in his

Sen andthatft hldlr„ ^"""r 'K*'""' "J°" """=" "^ accepted .he appoint-
ment, and that It had heen conferred upon him aa a reward for liis military «er.

ImZ '? ' T'^'^'r "^^ ^'""^^' '""«»'' of « Pe-'ion- Being deprived of hi.

compensation for hi, loss of the Virginia government, hut his request w«"e'
fiised. His claims during his lif«time were never fairly treated thev were

He was raised to the peerage, as Baron Amherst of Montreal, in May 1776
but having no family he afterward, obtained a new patent with limita"on'to the
heirs male of his brother, Sir Wil|iam. He finally rose to be a full General and

Mn^ri^ r ■ 'J'^"'"? ""e "<"» in London in the year 1780. He died at his seat
Bv>graphxcal Dictionary ; ArmyLui; A; r. Colonial Document., yol.7^i.

As to an Embargo, I resolved to keep clear of any unless
the Service absolutely required it, and from the best informa-
tion I could get it would have had a different effect than what
IS wished for when an Embargo is laid, besides disobliging the
Country in general, whom I would keep in a good humour it
I could.

I hope your new purchase of the armed brig, will effectually
replace to you the loss of the Ulysses, as 'tis within the
Estimation I can't but like her the better, for money is scarce,
but she shall be paid for whenever you please to send me the
account.

My dispatches to Louisburg being so retarded puts a stop to
promotions entirely, I don't care to provide for any Major till
I have an account from Louisburg whether or not M. Murray
will purchase, I can get no answer from him, and so can do
nothing m Forbes's Regiment, and Major Darby thinks it hard
and Colonel Morris is waiting contrary to his inclinations

I have received a letter from Br. Wolfe of the 6th of March
on board the Neptune the time that Admiral Saunders dis-
patched the Lizard to this place, he is sea sick as usual but
hopes to be early at Louisburg.

I am glad Lt. Stuart of Anstruther's has got a company as I
think him a very good man, Colonel Howe has sent me his
recommendations by a letter to Col. Townshend and I have
granted the Commission accordingly. Ens: Warburton suc-
ceeds Stuart. Volunteer Webber succeeds Warburton, and
Lt. Grant is Quartermaster, I send the Commissions to Col
Howe by Capt. Leland.

I have likewise filled up the Capt. Lieutcy. in the R. Ameri-
cans by Donald Campbell succeeding Capt. Maclean, Lauch-
^nd Forbes succeeds Donald Campbell, P. Duperson, is
Ensign m the room of Forbes, and Lt. William Baillie (by
recommendation of Col. Young) is Quartermaster in the room
ot Donald Campbell.

I am sorry to see so bad an affair in any corps as that you
have laid before me of Lt. Thomas Campbell, it would be hard
that Robertson from his good intentions should suffer, I have
desired Br. Monckton and him to try how they can make it
out, and I hope to finish that affair yet before Br. Monckton
goes, though he setts out tomorrow morning.

As you tell me your Warrant from the King for assembling
General Courts Martial is expired, I enclose a Warrant to you
aa Commanding the Forces in Nova Scotia and blank Deputa-
tions for a Judge Advocate.

448

NOVA gCOTlA DOCITMENTS.

Br. Monckton will acquaint you of my orders to him to
proceed from Halifax to fiouisburg with the troops that are
to embark at Halifax, and jthat I have directed that 6000 Tuns
of Transport Vessels shall directly sail from hence for Halifax
BO soon as they arrive l^ere and can be ready to go. Br.
Monckton will acquaint ypu of all the news stirring here, so
that I will take up no mofe of your time at present than to
assure you that I ever ami AVith the greatest truth and esteem
Dear Sit

Your most humble

anc most obedient Servant,
^ ^ JEFF. AMHERST.

Br. General Lawrence.

Kocd. by Brigr. Monckton, 22id.

General Amher^ to Governor Lawrence.

Albany, May 29th, 1759.
Dear Sik, —

Since my arrival here I have been favoured with three
letters from you of the 15th, 23th & 27th o^Aprill, which
came to hand on the same day by an express from Boston.

I am obliged to you for your care in sending my dispatches
to Br. Genl: Whitmore which from a letter I have now
received from him I find afrived in due time so that I hope
every thing will be ready for Mr. Wolfe there, and I have the
pleasure of hearing from Br. General Whitmore that his Garri-
eon is in good health. I

I have not as yet heardj anything ot the Officer and men of
the Artillery that you hav« relieved from St. John's River but
I sent immediately a marcli route for them to joyn this Array,
which I imagine will be ftt Boston long before they arrive
there so that the Officer will be at no difficulties how he is to
proceed.

I have acqiiainted you with the number of rations to be
allowed, the distress I am jn for want of money has forced me
to march all the regiment^ leaving the ration and baggage
money unpaid, three days ^iuce Mr. Mortief is come up from
New York with the very s^nall remains of what was sent over
from England as my first Oare has been to supply Mr. Wolfe
who writes me word he has not a Dollar, and this moment I
have not a shilling, but that shall not by any means hinder
his Majesty's Service as fa^ as I can carry it on.

^IlR iS NORTH AMEUICA, 1754-1761.

449

^ The New Yorkers have been in great alarms for Mr. Bompars
Squadron at present all quiet and he is gone back to Mar-
tmique, I can't say I imagine he will visit this Coast, he may
make great conftision if he does, but if we take eo more or
less notice of it than we should do I think it would not stop
the operatrons of the Campaign and he in all probability would
lose his fleet m the attempt.

Captain Gorham must certainly have been too late for the
business I had projected for him, I wished to have it exe-
outud as I have a pleasure in interesting myself for every
thing that tends to the good of your Government, I therefore
rejoyce at the appearances you have of the rebels beine
rooted out and I shall have a great satisfaction in hearing
some industrious fanners are established there in their places

Major Moms sent rae the particulars of the scouting party
and 1 gave a commission of Captain to Lieut. Hazzen as I
thought he deserved it, I am sorry to say what I have since
heard of that affiur has sullied his merit with me as 1 shall
ahva.ys disapprove of killing women and helpless children •
poor McL urdy is a loss he was a good man in his post '

1 see by your letter of the 23rd that you have granted a
warrant lor the forage money &ca for the Regiments.

The Expences attending the preparatious°that Major Mc-
Kellar has made will of course be paid by Mr. Wolfe's order
as being a part of the charges attending that Expedition, your
concurrence in lorwai-ding those preparations was certainly
very right and Air. Wolfe will be much obliged to you for them

I send you enclosed a Warrant for the payment of the
Brig: purchased in lieu of the Ulysses, and another for the
payment of money due to persons, and which should have
been included in the payments which have been already made
but. as these persons have been hindered from giving in their
accounts by working for the Government they certainly should
not suffer on that account and as you say 'tis undoubtedly due
to them I think it my duty to pay it. " I shall write to Mr
Aptiiorp to acquaint him of my granting these warrants.

You say you have received no instructions concerning the
payment of the Provincials, with which you will have no
trouble during their stay in your Goveriunent, as I have pro-
mised to pay the fourpences from the attestations of the time
of their enlisting to the time they went on board after which
they receive provisions from the Crown, and as they are sub-
sisted with provisions in the Garrisons they have no demand
wf money to make.

450

NOTA SqOTIA D0CUMEHT8.

The snbsistance for the detachment of Royal Americans
should have been left by the paymasters if they had had the
money, as those Batts. will be paid by Warrants from Mr.
Wolfe to Mr. Porter whom I have desired Br. General Whit-
more to send as paymaster on the Expedition, it remains now
that if any money arrives at flalifax for the payment of Mr.
Wolfe's Corps as much mat be stopped as will subsist the de-
tachment and an account thereof sent to Mr. Porter, I should
not think of mentioning tlijis to you but in answer to your
letter, as you on the spot will certainly best determine what
can be done and I am sure that will be right.

Since I have received your letter of the 27th with one from
Lord Barrington enclosed; Sergeant Major Bevil is arrived
here, he came two days aince & brought me a letter from
Major Prevost ; the Sergt Majors situation here is such as ab-
solutely puts it out of my power to give him a Commission in
any Regt. as he was tried [tor desertion condemned and i)ar-
doned. I am sorry for iti and the most I could do for him
would be to put him in the Rangers, but he has chose to make
use of his furlough and try his fortune with the General at
Guardaloupe, and 1 have dent Lord Barrington's letter, my
reasons for not complying! ^'^^ '*) ''^^'^ ^y opinion of Mr.
3evil, which is, that he is Very brave, and at present I hope
very honest. 1

I did not intend to write i to you from this place on this day,
I expected to have been advanced further. I however hope I
shall be soon enough, and I really believe though my Bat-
teau men and Team drivers have failed me, and that I have
made a large detachment, 1 yet shall have men enough to
carry on the operations of flie Campaign %vith success, I shall
do the most I can towards it, I shall try to disappoint, confuse
and beat the Eyemy, appearances look well in every corner
and I hope this Campaign will efToctually do the Business, it
would not have a little added to the part I am to share to have
had you with me but as the* good of His Majesty's service in
other parts has not permitted it I must submit to it. That
health and happiness may $ttend you are the sincere wishes
of him who is with the greatest regard and Esteem.

Dear Sir

Your most Humble

and most Obedient Servant

Brigr. General Lawrence.
] Jkdorud—&eQd. Jiwe 7ft.

JEFF. AMHERST,

WAR IN NORTH AMERICA, 1754-1761.

Chneral Amherst to Governor Lawrence.

451

Sib,—

Camp at Tiendeboga, 27th July, 1759.

T,.t«^af^*'""''*^V?°""""^'f*^,^'"^*'"'^^<i ^^'i*! the Army at
Lake George; The next day landed without opposition &
proceeded to tbe Saw mills, & took post on the commanding
. pounds, meeting only a trifling Opposition from the Enemy ;
We lay on our Arms all night, & Early on the 23rd We con-
tinued our March to this Ground which I took possession of

•.i! . i^°'"t"»on' t'.'e Enemy having abandoned the lines
without destroying them, first having carried off their Effects
as well as sent away the greatest part of their Troops • As
soon as I was set down before the place, and after Imving
reconnoitred it I ordered the trenches to be opened <fe Bat
teries to be made, which were finished last night, & were to
have opened at break of day, but the Enemy dd not think
proper to wait till then, having about 10 of the Clock Yes ter
day Evening blown up a part of the fort, and made their
Escape all to about 20 deserters. Our loss considering the
kniervi^t r 1 ' '1 •°'^"»«il«'-\ble ; we have only two Officers
killed, vizt Colonel Townshend, Dep: Adjutant General, and
Ensign Harrison of late Porbes's. «*', auu

I t*ke the Earliest opportunity of acquainting you of this
and of assuring you that I am with great regard.

Sir

Yr. most Obedt. Humble Servt.,

His Excelly. Gov. Lawrence. '^^^^ ^^^^RST.

Jniorted—Reci. via Boston 2l8t Augit.

Oenercd Amherst to Oovr. Lawrence.

^ Camp at Cbown Point, 8th Augst., 1759.

^M'l 2^tli Ultimo I had the pleasure of communicating to .
you that the Enemy had on the Evening before, abandoned,
the Port at Tienderoga. to which I have nai« the further
satisfaction to add, that they have likewiga withdrawu ■
themselves from this pace, after having also, attempted to.
blow up the Port, m wtiich they have succeeded only in part
and that I am m possession of the QToun^oysr since the 4th ,"

452

NOVA SCO'TA DOCUMENTS.

of his Majesty's arms at
Capitulation, on the 25tli to
the command had devolved

where I propose building si: eh a strong Hold as shall niost
effectually cover and secure
The night of my arrival

all this Country,
here I received

letters from Sir

William .Johnson, with the additional good news of the success

A^iagara, which surrendered, by

Sir William Johnson, upon whom

by the demise of poor Brigr.

General Prideaux, killed in fhe trenches on the night of the
20th. The Garrison consist ng of 607 men, being prisoners
of War, and now on their march to New York, together with
17 Officers and 160 men more, part of a corps of 1200 assem-
bled at Petroit, Venango, & iPresqu 'Isle under the Command
of Messrs. Aubry and Delignbry, for raising the siege, but Sir
Wm. Johnson having intelligence of their approach, provided
so properly for their recepticln, that on the morning of the 2itli
when they meant to march straight to the Fort, they met with
such an opposition as they little expected, being entirely'
routed with the loss of all their Officers, and a great number of
their men killed, whilst the loss on our side is inconsiderable.
This Signal success added to the other advantages, seems au
happy presage of the Entire Reduction of Canada this Cuto-
paign, or at least of circumscribing the Enemy within such
narrow bounds as will ever jifter deprive them of the power
of Exercising any more Encroachments, on which I hope I
shall have the satisfaction of congratulating you, as I now do
on these late great Events, & am, with great regard,
Sir, Your most Obedient

Humble Servant

JEFF. AMHERST.
His Excellency Govr. Lawrence.

Undorsed— Reed. Sept. 9th.

James Gibson* to Governor Lawrence.

Basoj of Quebec, 1st JLugust, 1759.

Sib,—

Agreeable to your requesi , which will ever have the force of
a command with me,-rtake the earliest opportunity of communi-
cating every material occurrence which has hitherto happen'd.

* .Tames Gibson was with the' expedition against lyonisburg, umlir Pcppi-reil.
as a gentleman volunteer, and wrote an account of the siege, wlueli » as piili-
lished in London in 1745. He accofipanied the array to Quebec, it has been
supposed as a Chaplain, but this isi uncertain. The name of James Gibson
appears, among a number of othcrsl principally military officers, in an order
of Council for a grant of landa a^ Chignecto, Cumberland, in 1736. It i»
probable that this was the tame person.

WAR IN NORTH AMERICA, 1754-1761.

453

I can think of no way more descriptive than journalizing <fe
therefore shall follow it with great punctuality.

After sailing from Mauger's Beach, which was on the 5th of
May, the Wind prov'd favorable till the 16th, when we made
Cape Ferillou, one of the points of Land which forms Gaspey
Bay ; in our Way thither we took a Sloop from Cape Francois,
for Quebec, laden wth. Sugar and Spirits. On the eve of the
same day wo committed to old Neptune's care the Body of
the martial and puissant Simcoe of the Pembroke. Wheelocke
at present succeeds him. I should tell you, Sir, we met with
but little Ice, which was so broken as to be rather troublesome
than obstructive. What we did see was between Halifax and
Louisbourg : after entering the River all was clear and mild.
Near the Isle of Bik we took a small Sloop, 6 days from
Quebec, who gave us the disagreeable news of the arrival of
many transports & some Frigates from Old France, which
they left early in March and were deeply loaded with provi-
sions & Warlike Stores. Had we sailed at the time you so
earnestly wished, we had most certainly intercepted 'em, as
they were not more than 10 days before us.

On the 27 we all safely anchor'd between Coudre Isle and
the main.

The River, in general, is fine ; <fc the land, which you see on
each side, fur the greatest jiart of the wa}-, makes it an enter-
taining navigation. The prospect, now before us, is so elegant,
that I can't avoid an attempt to describe it.

On the North shore, between Goose Cape and Cape Torment,
there are, towering among the clouds, the most noble and
awful ridges of mountains that I ever saw : they give one a
highly finish'd image of the Grandeur and rude magnificence
of Nature. At the bottom of them, opposite to the East end
of Coudre, and near to the shore, are a few stragling houses,
prettily disposed among the covert. The inhabitants have
clear'd and levelled some few spots around their dwellings,
which form a delightful Terrass. Immediately on seeing this
delicate spot, there occur'd to me a passage in Virgil, which,
from not recollectiug the original I give you in Dryden'a.
words —

" Within a long recess there lies a Bay,
" .\n island shades it from the rolling sea,
" And forms a Port, secure for ships to ride,
" Broke by the jutting land on either side.

*' A sylvan scene
" Appears above, and groves forever green s

" Down through the crannies of the living walls ■.

" The crystal streams descend iu inurm'ring Falls,"' u

454

KOTA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

genus <fe finely and frequeS .Xd ^ nTe"valferi7
tween the ridges, are suVpriz^g ca^oXfrltllfe' ^'"

Both ears and eyes receive a like delight
Enchanting music 4nd a charming sight.

makes a most pleasing Eye tSd ' ' * ^'^ogother, it

liiT'lSrJ ^^^^'^f^'^H Col. Carlton landed a party of
elects hnSV ^^•••'■^ to secure the inl.abitants, & their
Houses thev ?onnH '?f"* '^"''^ """^ examining about 100

^^^^^tn^^r^^ijz Cdts si:

of their chimneys <fe in their qvens bread newly bak'd '

?vprtl R'ospects ar^d marks of Industry that were

cnv7n '-f, '^r'P'""""^" ^'>' "^^'ho' the whole island had been
confd V'?! *'-«^^&'-°^ing ni' thick as the hand of nature
could plant 'em and many of '4m almost too large t^ be moved

cLr'd'rnw-^'"."'"" ,^°"'^ ^""^'•^'^^ °f ^^^-^ of orund
il ru^r^^^ 'I',^''^ ^"^''^ mostly wth. English wheat -Thv
the stubble of last-year I fouiid "their crop^had ^een nrtttv

w^tS'fe/^¥''•^•? '}' r'^''^' «--' to promL^ an^
was their Knowledge in husbandry equal to their apoarent

fndustrv'- £r fnnt L '■'' "'I'^'L^''^ residence of praiseworthy
inaustry her footstpps are to be traced in every practicable
spot of the Country where we Inow are. ^ Practicable

we?e\akenVL'r'r'r''^f!r' '^'^'"•"^"S *" Adl. Durell
r^fl^ A-v c Coudre lile; notwithstanamc Mair A^-

new s diligence & precaution, ^^ho then commanded tlJe ^
We imagine some Indians or Cana.lians came in t e Lht
from the main m their Canoes * conceal'd tKsdves in fhe
Woods till opportunity shou'd fevour their Errand which un
ift' inJkCh '^'''^" ^''h'""'"-^; for. undert'e sanction
Gentn W«^ f T^^f ""* *^'^''' "«''«"« ""^ the 3 said young
would give such information as otherwise the Enemy wou'd
scarcely come at. In the afternoon of the same day the
-Devonshire, Centurion, Pembroke and Squirrel wTthC^cS

WAB IN NORTH AKEBICA, 1754-1761.

455

ton and the greatest part of the troops, went higher up the
River, & anchor'd near to the East End of Orleans, where
they exchang'd a few shot with a small Battery the Enemy
had on the shore, but with no loss. On the 9th the Alcide <fe
Stirling Castle join'd us ; they took two store ships in their
way.

12th. Sutherland join'd us, but had had no success. The
account which the Alcide brought of the favourable passage
the whole Fleet had met with from Halifax to Louisbourg <fe
of the Arrival of the Troops at tlie same place fiU'd each
coming hour with pleasing expectation of seeing thein soon.
In this pleasing dreadful situation were we till the 23rd.
when, at dawn of day, the Richmond, whom Mr Durell, some
few days before, had detached to look for Adl. Saunders,
brought Grenl. Wolfe and news of the whole Armaments being
within a few leagues of us, separated into 3 divisions ; the
first of which, wth. G. Wolfe, Alcide, <fe Sutherland, went on
immediately for Orleans, when the second came to an anchor
with us in the Evening ; on tlie 24th they got under sail for
the said place, wth. Ad. Saunders, who, pro tempore, hoisted
his Flag on Bd. the Sterling Castle. Their Absence was soon
replaced by the third Squadron, whom Contrary winds de-
tain'd with us till the 26th, when they moved onward for their
Consorts.

On the 28th the Adm. sent for the Vanguard, Shrewsbury,
Capt. Medway & all the Marines ; but a foul wind prevented
our sailing till the 2nd of July, when we got under way <fe on
the 8th anchor'd off the East End of Orleans, where we saw
at a great distance, some few shells burst in the air & heard
the noise of Cannon ; " The din of war, the noble clank of
arms !"

We found Gen. Wolfe encamp'd on one side of Montmo-
rency falls and the French on the other. As a sketch of their
situation may be more communicative than description, I send
you one, relying on your Candour to overlook any imperfec-
tion ; as I flatter myself you will willingly do, when I tell
you I never attempted any thing of the kind till since I'd
the pleasure of seeing you: <fe moreover I assure you it's
just.

On the 12th I'd the honour of dining wth. Brig. Monckton,
Encamped with his Brigade on Point Levi. In the Evening,
before I left him, a Battery of 6 24 Prs. <fe 5 Mortars was
opend. agst. Quebec.

Our Light Infantry have frequent skirmishes with Indians

J il

456

NOVA 8C(»TU DOCrifEinS.

gnns, without doiugtanV inCv Tl n- "'J^''"^""* "f'"''"^'
-same, but ran a.h!re on LT'L T"" D'ana attempted the

obhges her to coj t„ BosZ'fo tsttanS 11' "^^"""^^ ''
the opportuuity of keeninirTv wmvl .. • ^''"'^ ^'^'^n ™'>

large cK "with nanTott l" ?r ' '"^■? ^"'"'^^ ''-^ tb*^
that wehnrt'the BattirieH 1," f ^' \'''^' ^ '•''"'^ ^^^"'
MifTertlK^uthe clll S^ ^ ^1 Tt f"'^'^','^"'*'^ '•'^"'«'-
will end so. T ' "^ ""^''^<^ I ^«a'- tlKi Campaign

reqS; f Silt KHTf 'r" "^ ''"'■ ^' *»>« «--ak
contradictecrimme L?elt Ift.t H •'"'"'1"°"'''' ^'"^'' ^^^-^^ '^H
I.as been the coi^s Sfctfet „ X'^''^ '" ' ^'- '''=''' '"'^'-'^'^'
been here to the no 'mt^l .L f'V "''"' ^"''^<^ ^v-e have

tl.e liberty of l^i^r^ l^^Z^ ^ ^'^y ^^^^ ;^\^ ^^
own ■ T'm trilfl i.„ 1 '■"'•".) *'iep i»o takes is whol v his

AmeHcans tre condui' 1 J-"'-' 1 H'Sl'lander. and R].
undoubtedly heLcT 21 i? ^'^'/^^o'^^. [^^''"m you have

.easoas lor tTus candour twtt II t' ^""^ ''""' P'*'"^''^"''^'-
mysterious. ''^""«"r, tho j to all here, it appears mighty

lan?i;CXiXtr:f ^''^ ^"^f- -ho opposed their
threatened his destrnotinn i ^d 1 ''''""'' ''^" ^^■'^'- «'«<=«

Transport.;;mL;ir.^:. ^rlerl'"^"* '' '"* '^^ ^^^^ °^ ^^^^

3f:

WAR IN NOBTH AMERICA, 1754-1761.

457

aJ^°-f''^ lost some officera and men & had many wounded in
bkirmishos of the like kind; among the latter Colonel Frazer
may be reckon'd, who reed, a ball in his Thigh: He's in a fair
way ot recovery.

, 2^*''- 4W "l.^'^'i,* ^ ^"^ h^S**'.^' alarmed with a most
dreadful sight. The Enemy had link'd together 100 Fire
stages, which spread full 400 yards in length, <fe as the Even-
ing was dark, tow'd 'em undiscovered, towards tho centre of
the fleet, <fe then set fire to 'em. We had intelligence that
some such infernal scheme Was intended <fc therefore were
prepar d against it ; and with our own boats we grappled &
led them thro' tho whole Fleet without losing or even hurting
a man One Transport, by the Imprudence and obstinacv of ■
her Commander, took fire which was soon extinguish'd
witliout suftering any considerable damage. Before wo joined
the Admiral, & immediately after his arrival in their Ba«on
they sent down 7 Fire:ships, having the advantage of a leading
breeze & strong current; but by timely assistance <fc the
former method wo met with the like success.

Thus, Sir, scarce a day passes without its dangers: but
most of em are too trifling to be communicated.

Our outposts are frequently attacked by the Indians, who
hurt us much. Some few deserters have left us, mostlv of
the Volontaires Etrangeres, & some few are come in, fVom
whom wo learn little to be pleas'd with. AVe find ourselves
out:mimber'd & we fear, out:Geueral'd. Our Troops are
healthy and bravo to a proverb : which their Behavior on
the d 1st will sufficiently evince.

Know; then'. Sir, that tho General determin'd to attack the
Enemy in their Breast Works : the 31st was fix'd on ; and as
there were two small Batteries, that it was necessary shou'd
bo silenc d first, the Admiral fitted out 2 large Cats, ran them
ashore as high as possible & after 6 hours cannonading en-
feebl d, tho' not wholly demolish'd them. The Gronadrs. who
some evenings before, wore landed on Orleans, embark'd from
thence at^ 10 in tho morng: Genl. Monckton's Brigade did
the same from Pt. Levi, at about the same time, & the remain-
der of tlie Army at Montmorency got under arms some little
time after : the Centurion cover'd the Attack. At A past 5 in
the afternoon the Gronadrs. & Genl. Monckton's Brigde.
landed, after having been expos'd to the heat of the Su7i& a
turious Cannonading from tho Enemy lor 7 hours & \. Provi-
dence never show'd herself more conspicuous than on this
occasion : for tho' they were for the whole Time within reach

458

NOVA SCOkTA DOCPi

7ME]ffS.

of their cannon & mortars, who did ndt let shp a Minutes
opportumtyto annoy them, yet amidst the numfier of sheUB
that were thrown very litfie mischief was done; not even

^n^h'^PP/n^ '" * ^°''*' "^^'"^ '' *« '""'■h as I can say since
numbers fell so near as mad^ it difficult for me who was on
an emmence at the distanc, of about a miS' 'to determinS
whether they hit or miss'd 'ejn. ueiermme

», ^A i rt ^ t^ ^renadrs. landed, formed instantlv and
headed by Col Murray, marqhed for 'a Battery 3 Kedoibt
which they took possession df Genl Monck(-/n 1^, ti!!

Sr£t:;'a:°aT^^ ''- troop^l^Srltorent^Xr
the FMllf.f n^ and lownsend, were passing at the Bottom of
«ie Fall, of Do. to jom the ^^hole. As soon as the Gienrs

Works"and"trf 'r ''"V'^ ^^r"^'' ^^^^^ ^^^ their Breasi
asnone Wthl """' ^™""i*''° ^'^J*'^^"* woods, sucli a fire
«L^H i I * u ^^""^ '"*'" ^"^^ ^'^'•e there, could have with-
stood ; & which they sustaijd without re urnin- a muS
for 20 minutes, when there ijickily came on such a tTiunder
tte'nnt f*'"^'/r °'"'^' 'I i-^Pos^ible for them to advance &
the number of the wounded, more particularly officers made
It necessary for them to retreat ; which they dKsiSrt
andsoldier-hkeas they advaiitoVl, at least we generally t3
BO here, notwithstanding the cruel aspersion whicl^I e encK
paper threw on them 2 days after the action, <fe which has
disgusted every man who was an eyewitness of such eallantrv
as, perhaps, is not to be naralllcll'd " gallantry

«ffl 1 ^m''^""!, '' ^'•'"*- "f Lascelles's, was the onlv
cans'the onlv "m °Z 2''P'- 9"«hterlony of tlia Kl Imerf
wounSed. ^ "■ '^^'" Pt'^o'^^r, after being desperately

carabTe''%r ^"•«"- Officer j,ame off unhurt many of 'em are
curable. The very situation (^f the Breast Work which is on
the verge of a quick and lo^g ascent, wou'd have been J
Barrier against any assailant jbut when lin'd, crowded with
said'lmrif!:^^.?"'' of Troopp,the attempt was Ihad almost
teetoir O fT''''^.?^^ ^^"l- "ffi'^^rs scarcely hesi-

Dersuad".^ T ^^"^^'^ *^- '^P'^^^ ™y««lf «o freely- was I not
Eir I thm, tl your Tenacity ; and as I promis'd to be particn

neaJ 500 atVi l^ "^ •" P"'/'^'"™ '*■ ^« '">*&'"« ^ere that
near 500 are kiU'd, missing and wounded, since our first arrival

WAR ™ NOBTH ^MBBICA, 1754-1761.

459

A we have not gain'd, as I can perceive, any considerable
advantage.

My next shall begin from the day that this ends, and no op-
portunity of Conveyance shall Escape me : I hold the Injunc-
tion of a Friend sacred ; <fe tho' I shall break in on much of
your time [which you cou'd more pleasingly enjoy in your
own Government] to read this Nonsense of mine, yet when
you recollect that I only obey your Orders in writing, the
Fault then lies at your own door ; & until you recall your
Commands you may Expect to be thus frequently pester'd.

Augst. 5. This Evening Brigr. Murray, with a Command
of 1200 men, went up the River. As yet we have had no
news from him, nor can we even guess at the Duty he went
upon, unless it is to bum the Frigates, Storeships &c, that
are about 12 Leagues up. Captn. Eous has a troublesome
time of it, the Enemy have a few guns and one mortar eter-
nally annoying him ; he's obliged to weigh his anchor & shift
his berth every tide, & wherever he goes, the guns and
mortar duly attend him.

Oen Wolfe is just arriv'd wth. a ficouting party, who have
been up the Country some few miles ; but have had no suc-
cess, more than bringing the Gen. safe back.

Augst. 8. The lower town was this day reduced to ashes,
except about 12 Houses at tho North Point.

Augst. 10. I was this moment told there was a schooner
going for Halifax, & therefore was willing to embrace the op-
portunity of sending by her <fe not wait for the Diana's sailing
as at first intended.

I must beg the Favor of you to make my best respects to
Messrs Bulkeley, Hore and Pamilys. I hope they will Excuse
my not writing to them ; I could say no more than I have to
you, & therefore if j'ou'll be kind enough to let 'em partake
of the accot. I send, you'll oblige me much.

If you've any news I should think myself honor'd in hearing
It from you: I flatter myself either Mr Bulkeley or the
Major, from the least hint of yours will take an early oppor-
tunity of sending me one line. If there's nothing of a public
nature stirring, you cant want an agreeable piece of news,
[for agreeable it will ever be to me] I mean an account of
yourself.

Please to accept my best wishes & to believe me to be. Sir,
Yr. most obligd. and most obedt. Servt.

JS. GIBSON.

460

loth August P. S.
1759

NOVA SOOTIA DOCDHENTS.

To Mo ■
Mr

merit

lierst'c

eliot tl

of rec(

as Inti

can be

<feca, of

the Wind mill

abridge

wJiicli

deavout

Countrv

Extracts from Orders of

roAv I begin writing to you again,
berts IS well, Le's witli his ReRi-
inder Br Murray. Mukins of Am-
•k Leiand of Anstruther's, are botli
'•o the leg, but both in a fair way
very ; I mention them in particular
folates of Mr Hore's. As soon as I
ascertain'd of the names, numbers,
the su/ferers in the late Battle of
'Imdl, you shall have it. I send an
ineut of Genl. Wolfe's Manifesto,
inimediately on his arrival, he En-
•■d to disperse over their whole
As yet it has had no Effect.

General Wolfe, 2nd Aug., 1759.

Th« ,.r.,.,. c i £ V,' *''" attack might be treneral

siiiiiliti

attack tli.:.m Ti,„ I 1 •'! M ^"'^y '''"' adventured to

will shew a proper attention ,o their Officers '

thelrtspeaitForps! ""''T'- '^'^^'- '^^^ ^^'^^'^^ ^ ^^^

Abreg^ du placart public r
Commandant, en Chef, les Tin,
sur La lliviere St. Laurent en

Le Roiirrite a juste Title

p^r son Excellence le Genl : Wolfe,
•itiupes de sa majesto Britanique
III 1759. ^

c outre la France a mis sur pieds

WAR IN NORM AMEEICA, 1754-1761.

tin armament corj^iderablo de Terre & de Mer pour abbattre
la Fierte de la ulte Couronne. Son But est a detruiro les
Etablisments les plus considerables des Francois dans lo Nord
de L'amerique. Ce ne pas contro les laborieux Paisans, leur
Femmcs & les Enfans, ni les miin'stres de la Religion, qu'il se
propose de la fairo la Guerre ; il pliiint les inalheurs aux
quellcs cette Quorelle les expose <fe leur promets sa protection
tfe s'olTre de les maintenir dans leur Biens & leur permettre de
Buivre Le Culte de leur Religion, pourvu qu'il ne prene aucuue
partie aux Differens des deux Couronnes directment ni
indirectment. Les Canadiens ne pouvont igiiorer leur situa-,
tion ; Les Anglois sont maitres de la Riviere & bouchant le
passage aux secours du cote de L'Europc, ils ont en outre, une
puissante Arraee sur le Continent, sous les Ordres du Genl:
Amherst. La pavtie qu'ils ont a prendre no paroit pas douteiix;
Les Eftbrts de leur Valour ne peuvent etro qu'inuliles <t ne
serviront que les priver des Avantages que leur Neutralite
leur procurcroit. Les cnuiutes des Francois contre les Siijota
de la Grande Bretagne en Ameriquo pourroit excuser les
Reprisailles les plus severes ; mais L'anglois est trop genereux
pour suivre une Metode aussi barbare ; ils offrent aux Cana-
diens les Douceurs de la paix au milieu des Horreurs de la
Guerre : c'est a eux de finir leur sors par leyr Conduit ; si
leur presoraption <fc un courage deplace <fc inutile leur fait
prendre La partie le plus dangereux, ils n'auront a so plaindro
que deux* seuls, lorsqu'ils gemisont* sur le pic de la tnisere a
la quelle ils se seront exposes.

Lo Genie: AVolfe se flatte que lo monde entier lui rendra
Justice si les Habitants du Canada L'obligcnt par leur Refua
a en venir aux derniers Extremites. II tinit eu leur repre-
sentant le pouvoir <fe la Force de L'angleterre qui genereus-
meiit leur tend une main secourable, <fe la Foiblesse de La
France qui incapable de les secourir, les abandoune au moment
le plus cretique.

Governor Whitmore to Governor Lawrence,.
Sir, —

A vessel has this minute arrived from the River St La^V-
rence who has l)rought a letter from Captn Bray of His Ma-
jesty's Ship Princess Amelia as follows

' (»ie.)

462

KOVA fldOTIA DOOUMBNTg.

" '«^» OBLEANs^Sep 19th, 1759.
beck cadlltd'yTBtX't hH Y '^« «-"-" "f Que-

*r to you the particulars wouTcfS Vlo wa^""" ' ^""^'^

" Montcalm is dead of his wnnnA^ tul J ■

Killed the third wounded ahdi 1 • '°°°"1 '" command

the day of the BatUe? thSir tla ,a d fsoo Tl/''," i*** ^"'«'^
Ours said to be 3 or 600 '^ ^'""'^ * wounded

in the head, MHJor*U^?ro lost } i« « *°l\ ^°1* .1" ^'^' * "''o*

sir
Your most Otedt. Hble Servt.

Louisburg Octr 1, 1759. ^^^^- WHITMORE.

fljs Excellency Govr. Lawrence.

General Whiimore to Governor Lawre

ence.

Dear Sib,— Louisboubo, 14th Octr. 1759.

MajeLrsYrLT''t';.:"7f:f "^^^'J ^°" °" *•>« ^"^■''^^^ of His

this day and^oughtme^af/tteTP '^Y^' \' "''"^^'J ^^^^
one from Brigr ¥o„dcton ^h ^Tt'^'^'""'*' Saunders and

''\'::\Trh^^^^^^^^^ send copys

ral Wolfe P ^'"'^ ^'"''^^^'^ ''°°^«'-°<^d for the death of Gene'

eclloLTand bu?n'd\r\h:^*''^^^'^^^^^ ^ «'-P •^'^'^ -
Bion: in ; smtlfc^^i IrnXZ^l'^^tet:?'' ''"^^^^

to him. ^ ^ ^°P^ '"^f ers are now made quite easy

WAR IK NOIITH AMERICA, 1754-1761.

408

The master of the Vessel is in a hurry to be gone, So must
conclude by assuring you that I am with the most perfect
respect and Esteem ,

Dear Sir

Your most Obliged and

most Obedt. humbl. Sorvt.

„ „ , . ED WD. WHITMORE.

Lient. Hall of tlie 40th Regt. )
goes to Halifax in this vessel, j

Brigr. Gonl. Lawrence. I

General Monckton to General Whitmore.

Sir,

(copy.)

I have the pleasure to acquaint you that our Troops came
to Action with the Enemy, on the 13th Instant in the neigh-
borhood of this Town where we had the happiness to obtain a
Compleat Victory but with tho Loss of poor General Wolfe :
I received a wound in the breast. The town surrendered by
Capitulation to Brigr. Townshcnd on the 18th Instant.

I believe I shall find it necessary to Leave all the Corps of
the Army in Garrison here the winter, but should I be able
to send any away the three companies of Grenadiers from
yonr Garrison shall return there.

I think it necessary to inform you of this in time to enable
you to take any step you may think proper relative to the
New England Provincial Troops in Louisbourg, and I shall
take the first opportunity of acquainting General Amherst
and Governour Pownall of the necessity I am under of detain-
ing the whole Army here. '

(Signed) ROBERT MONCKTON.

Quebec, 23rd Sept., 1759.
His Excellency Brig. Genl. Whitmore.

Admiral Saundera to Governor Whitmore.

(copy.) I

Sib,—

I have the satisfaction of informing you that we have
been in possession of Quebec ever since the 18th Instant, and
as it is found practicable to keep possession of it, I believe

KOVA SWiTIA DOCDMEJflS,

you will not receive any triops from hence, Therefore if the
I rovincial Troops are not ^ne from you, You will dispose of
them as yon judge proper, i i " ui

If the Countess of Effingham Victualler has repaired her
damages, and st.U has on bbard a part of ],er cargo; and if
what was landed out of Hei^ could be embarked again with
very great dispatch she mi^ht probably get to Quebec this
fall where her ^irgo would, ije very acceptable. If she should
be unloaded and gone and y^u have not sent away the trans-
por s I should be glad ,f ojie of them (or two if needfd)
m.ght be loaded and sent hitjier ; This will depend in a grea
measure on Capt Greenwo(fd of the Zephyr, his having a
quick passage to Louisbourgi; If this matter s'hould be found
fn t and'? I'ave ordered I ,m to give all possible assistance
n It, and I am to beg the favour of you likewise to forward
It as much as may be.

What Transports you do not use, I beg you will order to
proceed to Boston; I would particularly have the Europa (D
go thither as she has my letters to Capt. Pryce who is there.
1. hall not fail of representmg the state of your Garrison,
at home, and doubt not but you will be reinforced in the
spring. "

(Signed) CIIAS. SAUNDEBS. ,*

Sterling Castle, oft" Quebeclf, 21st Sept, 1759. -•

His Excellency B. G. VVhitmLre,

Cape Breton.

Sir Jeffery Amherxt to Govr. Pownalt.

Camp at Crovn Point, 15th Novemr., 1759.

(copy.)

SlE,—

I have this moment received a letter from Br. Genl.
Monckton, bearing date at Qi(ebec, the 25th September last,
acquainting me that, from the strength of the army under his
command, he don't think tlie|-e is a man more, than ought to
stay at that place, from whenc^ I conclude, he will not: as it
was my orde.^ to M: Genl. W^lfe, have relieved the Gai-risons
up the Bay of I-undy, consistihg of the Troops of the Massa-
U.usetts Bay: which gives me^ a great deal of Concern,! hope
however altho ho does not mention it to me, that he has either
given you notice of it, or has wrote to Brigr. Lawrence

* See page 804.

WAR Df NORTH AMERICA, 1754-1761.

465

irolative thereto, in order for him to do it, as it would be of the
utmost bad consequence to leave those posts without Troops
of which doubtless the Enemy would not fail to avail them-
selves, by coming to seize upon them with impunity : to pre-
vent,which if it has not already been done I must beg the
favor of you to represent to your assembly the fatal effects the
leaving those posts naked and defenceless, would be attended
with ; and to move them to make a further provision for such
of their troops, as are there for the whole winter, or that I can
relieve them with the remains of this army after having
garrisoned the necessary posts, which I ;ftatter myself they
will out of their known zeal tor his Majesty and the good of
the Public Cause readily and chearfuUy comply with. And I
must beg the favor of You, that so soon as you have obtained
their assent to this so necessary and pressing measure You
will be pleased to cause the same to be signified to every one
of the Commanding officers of those different posts for them
to communicate it to their men, who upon this Emergency
will I dare say gladly stay.

I am with the greatest regard,
Sir, &c.

„. „ „ JEFF: AMHERST.

His Excellency Govr. Pownall. •

General Amherst to Governor Pownall.

(copy.)

Camp at Crown Point, 19th Novemr. 1759.

Sir,—

So soon as I found, that the Garrisons up the Bay of
Funda, could not bo relieved, which gave me real concern ; I
immediately made application to you to move your Assembly,
to make further provision for their troops that occupv those
several posts during the Winter or until I could relieve them
and from your and their (the Assembly) known zeal for his
Majesty and the good of the public cause I doubted not a
moment but they would chearfully and readily acquiesce to
this unforeseen, urgent and pressing necessity ; but I must
own I had no reason to Expect this measures being consented
to before my request (of the 15th Instant) oould reach you •
how agreeably therefore I was surprised last night upon
receipt of your letter of the 11th I leave you to judge. It
merits and has my most unfeigned acknowledgements, which

30 [

466

cop

NOVA SCOhlA nOCUMENTS,

I must beg of you to accept and tender likewise to tlie a8aem>
bly, assuring them at the same time, that notwithstanding the
pi'ovision they have made, if it is any waj's in my power to
relieve the troops before thd Expiration of the time they are
provided for by their vote, t sball certainly do it. Meanwhile
both yourself and they maj depend, that this new mark of
your loyalty and aflFection {o\- His Majesty and unwearied En
deavours for promoting his service, shall by the very first
opportunity be laid before tlje King's Ministers, who I doubt
not will in return signify to you las Majesty's most gracious
approbation thereof.

Js^othing is more reasonable than what you mention in rela-
tion to the beds you have prjocured for your men, and I shall
write to Govr. Lawrence in [consequence thereof.

I am with the grijateat regard Sir &ca.

JEFF: AMHERST.
His Excellency Govr. Pownill.

I immediately wrote
might be made for

General Jmherst lo Governor Lawrence.

Camp at Cuown Point, Novem: ilst,. 1759,
Dear Sie, —

So soon as I heard frcjtm Brigr. General Monckton the
destination of the Troops serving up the River St. Lawrence^
to Govr. Pownall to desire provision
the ^[assachusetts Troops, that they
might remain in their Garripons during the winter, or till I
could relieve them with the] remains of this Anny. Immedi-
ately after received a lette^ from Govr. Pownall acquainting
me with the measures the asjsembly had taken, (so judiciously
and wisely timed) which ^ave me great satisfaction, as I
foresaw it can hardly be practicable for me to relieve them by
the remainder of this army, while the season will permit,
besides that the number of Ports and Posts are so encreased
that I shall not have a sufficiency of troops remaining to
replace the Provincials with the few men I shall have left, if I
properly garrison the places here. Yesterday evening I have
received another letter from Govr. Pownall a copy of which
as likewise copies of the forjementioned ones I send you, that
you may be fully informed oif every thing that has passed on
this affair, and I have only to add, that nothing can prove
more the necessity of the Provincial Troops remaining to do

WAB IN KORTH AMERICA, 1754-1761.

467

duty in the Garrisons till they can bo relieved, than the
A8.sembly of the Province having previously to mv application
lengthened the Establishment, and taken all the' precautions
to supply their men with what would be requisite for them in
the Winter. They have judged very rightly that the aban-
donmg any of the Garrisons may be attended with most fatal
consequences to this country ; and as they have made a neces-
sary provision for the men to continue during the winter, if
the men do not stay and servo voluntarily, they must be com-
pelled to it by force.

I have abnost finished every thing hero for this Campaign,
and I hope to leave this Frontier in such a state for defence
that it shall not be practicable for the enemy to succeed in
any attempts, it they should venture to make any.

The two French Sloops, which the enemy sunk when I went
down the lake, are weighed up, and add to the Force of the
English Fleet, which commands entirely this lake.

The officers and men who were prisoners in Canada arrived
hero the 15th Instant; Majors Grant and Lewis, Virginia;
Capts. McKenzie, Pringle, Kennedy, Tute, Rangers ; Lieuts.
Roche, Hamilton, Meredith, Stone, Dickson, Fletcher, Ran-
gers; Ensigns Downing, Jenkins, McKay, Hollar, Pennsyl-
vania ; Mr. Beach, a master of k merchantman, and above 200
prisoners ; I am sending the like number in exchange, Monsr:
do Vaudreuil agreeing to every thing I proposed to him.

I am, with the greatest truth and esteem
Dear Sir,

Your most humble and
most obedient Servant,

„ . ^ , , I JEFF AMHERST.

Brigr: Genl. Lawrence. I

^fl<io««i— Duplicate, Kec'd 10 March 1760.

General Amherst lo Governor Lawrence.
SiH,— New York, 5th February, 1760;

On the 14th of last month I was favor'd with your two
letters of 10th and 2d December, the latter accompanying
duplicates of those You wrote mo on the 22nd August, and
17th September, the originals of which have never come to
niy hands, I therefore now seize the opportunity of Mr Jar-
vis'a return to Boston, to acknowledge and thank you for

468

KOVA SJOTIA DOCtTMEKTS.

them altogether, as he propiises me ho will forward this from
thence by the very first obportunity that offers, wherefore I
likewise add a duplicate of mine of the 22d November, which
IS the last I had the pleasijre of addressing you.

I have spoke with Mr. Apthorp in relation to the Twenty
Thousand Pounds shipped on board the Hunter; he tells mo
:that he could not get thai sum insured at New York and
therefore wrote to the Contractors in England, to get it under-
wrote there, if they chosejbut whether they have, he cannot
■ tell; however that if they had, it would doubtless be on the
Hunter ; Wherefore I thiifik. if it is consistent wjtli the ser-
vice, that Lord Colvill 8h(j)nld let her continue that Voyage
whenever the season will permit; or if not, I am sure his'
Lordship will settle that njatter for the best without putting
the Crown to a double Prefght, which by the bye, I do not fee
it ougiit te be at in any wise, since it is a King's Ship and pub-
lic money. j o i i

As there is some cloathi|ig still here belonging to the regi-
ments at Quebec ; and that there are also sundry officers from
thence, come to buy some part of Camp Equipages, and neces-
saries, I propose, by way of saving, as well as for a greater
security to wait the arrival of a King's Ship to put the whole
on board, and send the sajne to Halifax, whence it may be
forwarded with what is at' Louisbourg, the Avant of which I
had the satisfaction to learn from Brigr. General Monckton,
would not be felt so much fit Quebec as we had reason to fear,
because there was warm flannel found in the Town, sufficient
for all the Troops.

I am sorry to learn youij Works in Nova Scotia have suf-
fered so much from the late etorm and extraordinary high tides ;
whenever the season will admit of it, they must be thoroughly
repaired, which I am certain you will have a due attention to.

1 am very much obliged to you for your advance to Captain
btobo ; 1 shall repay it wit|i pleasure, if you will point out to
me the person to whom yon chuse it should be paid

By letters from Brigr. General Whitmore, I find the few
Indians and others that were still lurking on the Island of St
John's, are all come in, andj have taken the Oath of Allegiance.
The pass you mention tli<^ Two hundred Inhabitaiits of St
John's Kiver have from ilrj Monckton, was by no means meant
or understood to give the iPrench any right to those lands:
. and you have done perfectPy right not to suffer them to con-
tinue there, and you will be equally right in sending them,
when an opportunity offers^ to Europe, as Prisoners of War.

WAB IN NORTH AMERICA, 1754-176L

469

I shall not forget your Friend Captain Sutherland, and shall
be glad, both for his as well as your sake, to have it in my
power to serve him ; I wrote him so from Crown Point.

It gives mo pleasure to find you have brought the Provin-
cials to reason ; It is certainly gi-eatly owing to their officers
and the provision made by the Assembly, both which are very
commendable, and I have desired Governor Pownall to tender
ray thanks both to the one and the other.

Upon my arrival here, Mr. Stockhausen applied to me for
leave to go to England in one of the Transports bound homo
with the Fowey, but as he brought me no letter from you, I
would not then consent to it ; but since the receipt of the
duplicate of yours of 17th September, I have given him a
passage, with a passport:, specifying that he was to return to
his native Country, and lest he should make a bad use of the
Commission I had given him, I ordered hiin to return it, but
he says he delivered it to you, in which I hope he has spoke
true.

I am, with great truth and regard, ^

Sir,
Your most Obedient

humble Servant

Br. Genl. Lawrence. j

£«dorsed— Reed, via Boston, 10th March.

JEFF AMHERST.

General Amherst to Governor Lawrence.

New York, 4th March, 1760.

Sir, —

The Enclosed intelligence from Quebec, being of groat
moment, I dispatch an express with it to Boston to bo for-
warded from thence by the first occasion, to Lord Colvill,
that his Lordship may take the earliest opportunity of not
only preventirig any succours getting up to the enemy, but
that he may also, if possible, intercept the Frigates and Vessels
therein mentioned to have wintered up the River St. Law-
rence and Gaspie, whereby he may also hinder Monsieur
Taudreuil from obtaining any more intelligeace from France,
which is likewise essential for insuring the success of the
Ensuing Campaign, and from his Lordship's knowledge of
those seas, and the River, and his Zeal for his Majesty and the

470

)

NOTA S(;OTIA DOCUMENTS.

good of his Service, I am confident ho will leave nothing
undone to prevent both. I

This intelligence was brought by Lieutenant Montresor,
who with an Officer and ten Rangers left Quebec on the 26th
Janry., came by the Chaudiere <fe Amerascaegen Rivers, & got
to Boston in 31 days : he kdds that when he left Quebec, all
was well there, that they ijad had plenty of fresh Provisions,
and that there was still a ^reat deal left, when ho came away ;
and that Brigadier Murray had taken post at St. Troix &
Lorotte, whereby his woo^ cutters were perfectly secure, as
were also his Garrison, frdim a line of Blockhouses, he had
caused to be erected on tl^e outside of his Works ; In short
that he was in a perfect stfete ot defence & prepared against
every thing the enemy mi^ht attempt ; indeed nothing can be
more unlikely than the e^emy attempting any thing there,
against such a Garrison, if jiothing had been done to the place ;
but the i-epairs have madei it a formidable place for such a
numerous Garrison, and w|th the chain of Blockhouses Quebec
is now much more respectable than ever it was ; he also adds
that Six thousand Canadians had taken the Oaths, and brought
in their Arms ; that they j seemed much pleased with their
change of masters ; that hp employed several of them, whom
he paid, and that they did |their business chearfully and well.

I am, with great regard,
SirJ
Your mqst obedient

humble Servant

JEFF AMHERST.
His Excellency Governor Lawrence.

Eudorsed— Inclosing inte)ligeDc^ from Quebec of 26th Jany. Heed. March 22.

InteUigmice from Quebec.

26 Janry., 1760.

" That the French Fleejt that were above the town, the
"whole campaign, consisting of about sixteen sail of Vessels,
came in sight of the Town and anchor'd ; Seven passed the
Garrison in the Night, not^fithstanding the cannonade ; Five
cast away ; and the rest relturned back.

" That Capt. Miller of the Seahorse, with a Lieut. & Forty-
four seamen, went on boalrd one of the Vessels that were

WAR IN NORTH AMERICA, 1754-1761.

471

stranded on the opposite or South Shore (the Vessel was
abandoned) Boarded her, and went into the cabin to make a
fire, which took to some loose powder, & blew the whole up ;
only two men saved.

" That four Frigates have wintered at different places up
the river, and intended to block up, in the spring, the mouth
of the river Sorel.

" That, by accounts, French Vessels have wintered in Gaspie,
and Couriers, with dispatches from them, have passed the
Country to Mens. Vaudreuil.

General Amherat to Governor Laiorence.

New York. 5th April 1760.
Sir,—

Four days ago I was favored with your dispatch of the
12th ultimo, by which I see, with pleasure, that Lord Colvill
has consented to the Hunter sloop's prosecuting her intended
voyage to Quebec, with the £20000, Shipped on board of her
in thi.s Port, for that Garrison ; and altlio I have not received
any letters from his Lordship, either on that Subject or any
other, since I made him that request. I doubt not but he will
fulfil his promise to you, as it will remove all difficulties, with
regard either to freight or insurance; and I have accordingly
caused the same to be notified to the Contractors Agents
here.

In relation to the Cloathing left at Halifax last Fall for the
Regiments at Quebec, I imagined it might have been for-
warded by some of the Ships, or Frigiites under his Lordships
Command; but he certainly must be the best judge, and since
he says he can give you no other assistance therein, than by
taking under his convoy any vessels it may be shipped on
board of, I must own, I think that in default of armed vessels,
3'ou could not have a more secure conve\-ance, nor should I
have scrupled, rather than deprive these Regiments of their
cloathing any longer than needs must, to have hired the
necessary vessels, and to have accepted of his Lordship's
Convoy, as the Insurance in such case, if anj' insurance was
necessary, would be so much less, and whatever you did for
yourself, the other Colonels could not but approve of for tliem.
This measure seems the more necessary, as the armed vessell
which I had wrote for from Boston, and which you mention,
had been discharged the service by Capt: Pryce, without mj

472

5«^

NOTA SCOnA DOCUMENTB.

Knowledge ; and that there
nor, that I know of, likely

is no man of War in this Port,
_ to be soon, unless Lord Colvill
should be able to send rae oijie, agreeable to my request of the
4th ultimo ; If his Lordslii|) does not, the only chance that
remains, is a Man of War coming from England, that I may
order for that service.

Nothing can exceed the bleasure I feel at the favourable
prospect you have before y(^u of the success of your unwea-
ried Zeal for the prosperity lof the Province over which you
preside ; and 1 sincerely pViJy and hope you will not fall short
of your Expectations, as s^ich a transmigration, conducted
with that experience and kn|owledge, of which you have given
80 many proofs during th^ course of your administration,
cannot certainly fail to prote of the highest national impor-
tance and public utility.

You do me justice, Sir, in your Sentiments of my friendship
towards the Province of Nova Scotia, which no one desires
more than myself to see flourish and encreaso, and I could
wish to have it in my power to contribute towards it, in grant-
ing your request ; not that I think, it can have any thing to
fear from the handful of Neujrals and Indians, that still remain
scattered, but that one gooci regiment, I am confident, would
clear and settle more land, ii the same space of time, than all
the settlers you expect ; andj therefore T could wish them with
you, to be aiding and assistikig in the Executive part of this
great design ; but where to t^et them is the question. I have
already weakened myself iif these parts of the best of two
regiments, which I have sent to Carolina, to punish the per-
fidiousness of the Cherokee Indians ; and so far from offering
to diminish the Garrison of Louisbourg, Governor Whitmore
has applied to me for a reinforcement ; tho in my opinion, I
think him, under the present circumstances, sufficiently strong.

I cannot determine any th ng in relation to the quantities of
Provisions, which Mr. Chauncey Townsend, notwithstanding
your remonstrances to tho Contrary, continues forwarding to
Halifax, for Victualling the 4)th Regiment ; but I will transmit
that paragraph of your Lettqr relative thereto, to the Lords of
the Treasury, and desire their Lordships to send their direc-
tions thereupwn.

I must not omit my most gijateful acknowledgements for your
very kind and civil invitation of me to your house in case I
should go up the River St. Lawrence ; if I do, and I am obliged
to call in at Halifax, I shall, notwithstanding the inconvenience
it must put you to, accept o^ your polite and friendly offer.

WAR IN KORTH AMERICA, 1754-1761.

473

I shall very readily permit Ensign Sears to purchase when
an opportunity offers, and no senior oflBcer should be so dis-
posed ; and I shall bo very S^^'^ of *'i occasion to oblige you
and Lord Cornwallis, in providing for Lieut. Hore ; Your
Friend Sutherland, by the promotion of Captain Wsilters to
the Majority of the 1st Battn. Royal Americans, in the room
of Major Tulleken exchanged to the 45th, is now the next
Oars in that Corps, and I think him so deserving, that I am
hopeful to have it in my power to do something for him.

Before I conclude, I must also acknowledge your letter of
the 6th February, delivered to me by Mr. William Miller,
Master of the Sloop Hannah and Martha, who I have directed
to remain here for some days, that I may confront him with
Lt. Colonel Fletcher, who is au fait of the occasion that
gives rise to his claim, which I have some notion, is altogether
not very favorable for Mr. Miller; but his case shall bo enquired
into with the strictest justice, and he shall have reparation
done him, if due.

I enclose you a list of Commissions I have granted, which
,you probably will not have heard of.

I am, with tho greatest regard,
Sir,
Your most obedient humble servant.

JEFFR : AMHERST.
P. S. — Since writing the above, I have
received a letter from Lord Colvill,
Informing me that he could not send
me any man of War, and of the rea-
sons that prevented him, with which
I am very well satisfied. J. A.

His Excellency Govr. Lawrence.

Indorsed — Bec'd. 2d May.

General Amherst to Governor Lawrence.

New York, 17th April, 1760.
Sir,—

The bearer hereof, Mr. Nutt, arrived here last night from
New London, with a letter to me from Govr. Pownall, setting
forth, your having wrote to him, that as you supposed some part
of the New England levies would be sent to Nova Scotia, if they
should, and I would agree in the measure, that those persons

474

NOVA SdOTIA DOCUMENTS.

engaged as settlers might |act as those troops, You desired
him to give Mr. Nutt Beatipg orders for that purpose : Where-
upon Govr. Powuall desirei my sentiments.

Before I proceed to give you them, I am to observe, that
upon rooeipt of the note ot the Court, for the relieving of
the Massachusetts Forces in Nova Scotia & Cape Breton, I
immediately wrote to the (jovernor, that that must not be,
and gave him my reasons fbr the same, which you will find in
the enclosed extract of my letter of the 6th inst.

From them, and the extract of my letter of this day, to
Govr. Pownall in answer 1|o your proposal, you will not" only
see, why I cannot acquiesce therewith ; but that I persist in
my demand of the Massachusetts Forces continuing Avhere
they are, and you will be ^o good as to compel them thereto,
if they should be weak enoiigh to offer the Contrary; With
these Forces and the twoj Companies of Rangers on your
Establishment, you certainjy will have strength sufficient to
protect and defend the Settlers, which Mr. Nutt himself seems
well convinced of i

Enclosed you have the Puplicate of my letter of the 5th
Instant, I am, with great regard,

Sill,
Your most Obedient

Humble Servant,

JEFF AMHERST,
Hia Excellency Govr. Lawience.

Endorsed— liecd. 1st June. En closing Extracts of Genl. Amhersts Letters
to Govr. Pownall..

Extract /rom a letter of Genl. Jmherat to Governor PownaU,

dated

New Yobk, 6th April, 1760.

There is nothing in my power, that I would not do to
oblige the people of the Massachusetts Bay, but at the same
time I cannot help saying, ibat the note of the Court Enclosed
in yours, distresses me greatly; as I know not how readily to
comply with it ; first, I hai^e always understood that those of
your people, who, during the last Campaign served to the East-
ward, had, in consideration of the Bounty granted them by the
Assembly, all re-enlisted again. Next I know not what num-

WAR IN NOBTH AMERICA, 1754-1761.

475

ber of these troops will decline re-enlisting, which I ought to
know, because they must bo replaced out of these new Levies ;
and last of all, before this necessary information can be ob-
tnined, & the men sent to relieve those, that decline continu-
ing in Nova Scotia & Louisbourg, can got to those respective
places, half the Campaign wiH bo elapsed, and a number of
these men's Services be no ways of the use they are in-
tended for; 1 should therefore be glad, they were all pre-
vailed on to stay whei'e they are ; I must conclude, they will
do so ; this is certainly the last Campaign in this Country,
and most likely will-be but a short one, and by their con-
tinuing to the end, they will acquire an additional Honour
& good repute.

(Extract.) I

General Amherst to Governor Pownall.

New York, 17th April, 1760.
Sib,—

Last night arrived Mr. Nutt, with your two letters of the
12th, and at the same time I likewise received by Express,
one of the preceding day from Lt. Govr. Hutchinson accom-
panying Extracts of Letters from Lt. Colo. Arbuthnot to you,
and a copy of the Lt. Govrs. answers thereto, which is a very
proper one, and will, I am hopeful be productive of bringing
the Provincial Troops in Nova Scotia to reason and to a bettor
sense of their duty ; for as I observed to you in mine of the
6th Listant, which I again repeat here, nothing would distress
me more, than to bo obliged to relievo them at present ; in the
first place, I could not answer to myself to spare one man
from those destined for the operations in these parts, which,
as they are to be vigorous and decisive, would rather require
an augmentation of Force than a diminution ; in the next
place half the Campaign would bo over, before they could be
relieved ; and last of all, as the Campaign will, most likely be
short, those of j^our troops who do continue to the end of it,
will acquire additional honour and repute. And as I know
full well, how much they have this honour and their Country
at heart ; I conclude, that at your representation, added to
that already gone from the Lt. Govr. they will one and all
chearfuUy remain where they are, and continue to do their
duty as before.
From what precedes, it is unnecessary for me to add that I

"j---^ -T-fTr.'"-VK**^TC^ I

47«

HOYA SOOTIA DOCUMBajTS.

cannot acquiesce to Govr^Lawrence's proposal ; he applied to
me some time ago for a Begiraent, but I then, not only told
him, I had it not in my polver to grant his request, but that I
really thought ho had na occasion for it, as a force (tho I
think they would be of gr^t use to him as settlers,) and in-

of your province in Nova Scotia,

of Rangers on that Establish-

and defend all the settlers within

deed I think the troops
added to two CompanieB
ment, sufficient to protect

the same. Mr. Nutt therefore returns to you with this Answer

in his way to Halifox, and

he likewise takes a letter from mo

to Govr. Lawrence, acquainting him, with my dissenting irom

his proposal, & signifying

tion to tho Massachusetts Forces continuing in Nova Scotia.

His Excellency Govr. Pow nail

to him my request to you, in rela-

JEFF: AMHERST.

General Amher^ to Oovernor Lawrence.

New York, 30th April, 1760.
Sib,—

I have received, froii Mr. Secretary Pitt, the King's
Orders, to demolish and r4ze the Fortifications of the Town
and Harbor of Louisbourg; which, when compleated, I shall
only leave such a force, bn the Island of Cape Breton, as
may be sufficient, to assert and maintain the possession of the
said Island, which his Majesty does not mean to abandon. On
this I have wrote to Governor Whitmore, and desired him, to
give me his opinion of whjit numbers he would chuse to keep
on the Island, that I may qrder all those, who are not wanted
for maintaining the possession of the Island of Cape Breton,
to Halifax, where you have room for them ; and I shall leave
them, to protfect and assist you in the Settlement of Nova
Scotia, unless my numbers here, should be so small, that I
should really want men, pr pursuing the operations of the
Campaign. By this, the troops of the Massachusetts Govern-
ment, may be relieved 'ancl return to their homes, for which
the whole Province seems to be very anxious.

I have acquainted Governor Whitmore, that all the artillery,
ammunition, carriages, utejncils, plank, and all ordnance stores
whatever ; as well as Provision ; and also all Bedding, medi-
cines and Hospital stores, ' are to be taken due care of, and
transported to Halifax. It is the King's intention, that none

WAB IS NOBTH AHEHICA, 1754-1761.

477

of the Houses of Louisburg should be destroyed, unless
necessarily, to compleat the ruin of the works : and I have
desired Governor Whitmore, that in abolishing the works
nothing may be destroyed, that may be thought useful at
Hahlux, but be saved and conveyed to your Government.
I have taken up 817| Tonnage of Transport Vessels here, to
take the recovered Officers and men, camp necessaries, &c
belonging to the Regiments of the Garrison of Quebec, to
tlieir Corps ; and tiiese vessels, I order to return to Louis-
burg immediately after having landed the men, &c., to serve
as transports from Louisburg to Halifax.

I solid you this, by Captain Gorham, who is lately return'd
Irom England, wJiere he has been, to endeavour to get rank
and to get his Company put on the EstabUshment ; concerning
whicli Lord Barriiigton has desired my opinion, which I have
given him, as for as relates Captain Gorham personally ; and
1 make no doubt but he will be promoted, as he is very
deserving of it : I have, as yet, suspended mv judgment, in
Telation to the Establishment of his Company ; "his, is certainly
the best I have seen of Rangers, but the best, according
to me 18 no extraordinary thing; however, if you should think
that the augmenting of that Company, or the establisliing of
t\vo, would be of any real service or advantage, to the
Province of ^ova Scotia, I shall, upon your answer, recommend
this aflair to the Secretary at AVar.

Captain Garden, who has succeeded Captain Gualy, seta
out in a few days, by a different route, with a duplicate
hereof, in order to ensure this letters coming to your hands
with the greater certainty.

Enclosed I send you a petition, of some of the men of the
Koyal, which you will be so good as to inquire into, of Mr.
Saul— 1 likewise add, a duplicate of mv letter of the 17tli
Instant, and am with great truth and regard

Sir,
Your most obedient

Humble Servant,

Governor Lawrence.
Undorstd—licH. 1st June.

JEFF: AMHERST,

478

Ikdrad from General AmhersVa letter to Brigdr.
Whitmore, Dpied April 23rd, 1760.

NOVA SCOTIA DOCCMfflJTS.

General

Yesterday Lt. Col. Amherst and Capt. Gorliam arrived hero
in his Majesty's Ship Lizai^d after a passage of seven weeks
from England, and I receiv|ed from Mr. Secretary Pitt a letter
for you which I send you (fnclosed.

At the same time I received a letter from Mr. Pitt of the
9th Febry, signifying to mo the King's resolution that the
fortress of Louisbourg with all the Works and defences of the
Harbour shall be most effectually and most entirely demolished,
and that it is his Majesty's Pleasure that it should bo executed
as expeditiously as possibl(^ taking the most timely care thttt
all the fortifications of the town of Louisbourg together with
all the works and defences whatever belonging either to the
said place or to the Port p,nd Harbour thereof be forthwith
totally demolished ifc razed^j and all the materials so thoroughly
destroyed as that no use Epay hereafter be made of the same,
the houses of the town arel not to be demolished farther than
shall be found necessary tajwards the full and entire execution
of the orders for totally destroying all and every the Fortifi-
cations thereof, and that inj the demolition of all works, an eye
must be particularly giveit to render as far as possible the
port and harbour as incommodious and as near impracticable
as may be.

Mr. Pitt further informs jne it is the King's pleasure that I
should make provision at I^allifax for receiving the Garrison
of Louisbourg Avhich in consequence of the demolition above
mentioned I should take caire to transport there. At the same
time he acquaints me it is ^lis Majesty's pleasure that I should
leave on the island of Cape Breton such a force as in my
opinion may suffice to assdrt and maintain possession in the
King's name of the said Island which his Majesty does not
mean to abandon, and thatjl should dispose whatever number
of men I tiiink proportioned to this idea in such manner as I
judge most safe and expedient.

With regard to all Artijlery, Ammunition Carriages Uten-
ciis Plank and all ordnancej stores whatever as well as provi-
sions, and also Bedding, Medicines, and all Hospital Stores
Mr. Pitt informs me it is <he King's Pleasure I should give

E roper directions due care be t-aken thereof and that the same
e transported to Hallifax, for all which purposes as well as
conveying the Troops to Hallifax I should provide Vessels in
the manner I shall judge d ost proper and effectual.

WAB EH NOBTH AMERICA, 1754-1761.

General Amherst to Governor Lawrence.

4TO

SlB,-

Albany, 17 May, 1760.

I have this, by express, a letter from Govr. Pownall
accompanying one from Col. Frye, complaining of the per-
verseness of the men under his command, & that notwith-
standing the Bounty granted them by their Government,
they were bent on returning home, <fc quitting Fort Cumber-
land, threatening all to thirty-five, to go off by land.

This behaviour is such as deserves the most severve censure
and I have desired Govr. Pownall, that if any of them should
put these threats in execution, they might on their return
meet from tlie Legislature, with the reprimand due to their
disobedience and ingratitude.

I have also acquainted him, that from the Intelligence I
lately communicated to you, by which his troops could not
fail of being soon relieved ; I was in hopes that you would
have prevailed on them to stay tlie short time it is likely they
will be relieved in ; I flatter myself, that this reason will have
had some weight with them, <fe have persuaded more of them
to remain in tlie fort ; or at least that you may have known it
in time, to take the necessary measures to render it impossible
for the enemy to avail themselves of this obstinate <fe unwar-
rantable behaviour of the provincial troops.

I am, with great regard.
Sir,
Your most obedient

Humble Servant

His Excellency Governor Lawrence.

Endorsed — Rec'd 1 June.

JEFF AMHERST.

General Amherst to Governor Lawrence.

i Albany, Igth May, 1760.
Sib, —

By the Enclosed duplicate of my letter of yesterday, you
will see the apprehensions Governor Pownall was under, of
the troops of his Province, in Garrison in Nova Scotia, quit-
ting their Post, and coming away ; Altho' I am somewhat
acquainted with the strange and untoward behaviour of those

»i

■Jji>jnj.-«T'.

478

NOVA SiJOTIA DOCUMENTS.

Bodract from General Amherst
Whitmore, Dated

'« letter to Brigdr,
April 23rd, 1760.

General

Yesterday Lt. Col. Arah jrdt and Capt. Gorhara arrived hero
in his Majesty's Sliip Lizajd after a passage of seven weeks
from England, and I receivjed from Mr. Secretary Pitt a letter
for you which I send you ^nclosed.

At the same time I received a letter from Mr. Pitt of the
9th Pebry, signifying to tue the King's resolution that the
fortress of Louisbourg with all the Works and defences of the
Harbour shall be most effectually and most entirely demolished,
and that it is his Majesty's Pleasure that it should be executed
as expeditiously as possibl^ taking the most timely care that

all the fortifications of the
all the works and defences

town of Louisbourg together with

- . - " whatever belonging either to the

said place or to the Port ^nd Harbour thereof be forthwith
totally demolished & razed, and all the materials so thoroughly
destroyed as that no use njiay hereafter be made of the same,
the houses of tiie town are not to be demolished farther than
shall be found necessary towards the full and entire execution
of the orders for totally deutroying all and every the Fortifi-
cations thereof, and that in j the demolition of all works, an eye
must be particularly giveri to render as far as possible the
port and harbour as incomi^odious and as near impracticable
as may be. j

Mr. Pitt further informs jne it is the King's pleasure that I
should make provision at Hallifax for receiving the Garrison
of Louisbourg which in consequence of the demolition above
mentioned I should take cate to transport there. At the same
time he acquainfs me it is Ifis Majesty's pleasure that I should
leave on the island of Cape Breton such a force as in my
opinion may suffice to assert and maintain possession in the
King's name of the said ikland which his Majesty does not
mean to abandon, and that f should dispose whatever number
of men I think proportionejd to this idea in such manner as I
judge most safe and expedient.

With regard to all Artillery, Ammunition Carriages Uten-
cils Plank and all ordnance [stores whatever as well as provi-
sions, and also Bedding, Medicines, and all Hospital Stores
Mr. Pitt informs me it is tjie King's Pleasure I should give
proper directions due care ho taken thereof and that the same
be transported to Hallifax, |or all which purposes as well as
conveying the Troops to Hallifax I should provide Vessels in
the manner I shall judge mbst proper and effectual.

WAR IN NORTH AMERICA, 1754-1761.

General Amherat to Governor Lawrence.

479

Sir,—

Albany, 17 May, 1760.

I have this, by express, a letter from Govr. Pownall
accompanying one from Col. Frye, complaining of the per-
verseness of the men under his command, <fe that notwith-
standing tho Bounty granted tliem by their Government,
they were bent on returning home, <fc quitting Fort Cumber-
land, threatening all to thirty-five, to go off by land.

Tills behaviour is such as deserves the most severve censure
and I have desired Govr. Pownall, that if any of them should
put these threats in execution, they might on their return
meet from the Legislature, with the reprimand due to their
disobedience and ingratitude.

I have also acquainted him, that from the Intelligence I
lately communicated to you, by which his troops could not
fail of being soon relieved; I was in hopes that you would
have prevailed on them to stay the short time it is likely they
will be relieved in ; I flatter myself, that this reason will have
had some weight with them, & have persuaded more of them
to remain in the fort ; or at least that you may have known it
in time, to take the necessary measures to render it impossible
for the enemy to avail themselves of this obstinate & unwar-
rantable behaviour of the provincial troops.

I am, with great regard.
Sir,
Your most obedient

, Humble Servant

I JEFF AMHERST,

His Excellency Governor Lawrence.
Endorsed— TAec'i 1 June.

Sir,—

General Amherat to Governor Lawrence.

i Albany, 18th May, 1760.

By the Enclosed duplicate of my letter of yesterday, you
will see tlie apprehensions Governor Pownall was under, of
the troops of his Province, in Garrison in Nova Scotia, quit-
ting their Post, and coming away; Altho' I am somewhat
acquainted with the strange and untoward behaviour of those

480

NOVA SCdTU DOCUMEKTa.

3vec

people, yet I had flattered
cerning tlielr being relieve
bourg, might have reached
yourself of that argument,
there, the little while it was
but by the Enclosed copy of
Govr. Pownall, this momei^t
see that part of these Fellokv
into Execution, and that
come off; this is indeed
Notice will be taken of it

Altho' I send you the ab(|i
received it long eere now
have replaced these people
some troops from your Gar
which under the present
this Season, must be suffi
bourg arrive with you, when
you shall see fitt. I am wiili

myself, that my letter to you, con.

:. by part of the Garrison of Louis-

you time enough to have availed

and to prevail on them to continue

likely they siiouid have to stay;

' a letter from Colo. Gerrish, to

received by Express, You will

s have dared to put their threats

Sundry more intended likewise to

rdonable, and I hope a proper

urpar

His Excy. Govr. Lawrence

J?ndors«i— Eecd. 81 May.

(ikneral Amherst

ve information, I trust you liave

om Colo. Frye, and that you will

from your Ranging Companies, or

•ison, or at least with a few men,

rcumstances of the Enemy, & at

until the troops from Louis-

you will Garrison those posts as

I great regard,

ciunt

Sir, your most obedient

Humble Servant

JEFF AMHERST.

to Oovernor Lawrence.

' Albany, 19th May, 1760.

Sir —

Your favor of the Uth Iitistant, got to Boston the 16th : and
two hours ago reached my hands, by an express whom Gover-
nor Pownall forwarded wi^,h it, Capt. McCartney not being
able to make that dispatch which the contents of the one it
accompanied required, but lie is on his road.

From the importance o|f the intelligence it conveys, at
which I am heartily concerned, you did most judiciously in
opening and transmitting i it immediately to Mr. Secretary
Pitt, and you have my most sincere thanks for it.

This unfortunate turn o|f affairs alters my measures with
regard to the relief I inteijded to send you from Louisbourg,
whence I am now obliged ^o send a reinforcement to Quebec
of Whitmore's and Late Barrington's which reduces the num^

WAK ni NORTH AMERICA, 1754-1761.

481

bers of Louisbourg so low, that I am likewise coniip^led to
take three hundred of the five hundred men, whiichTGovr.
Pownall acquaints me, he upon receipt of the above intelli-
gence, instantly ordered to be raised for the relief of such of
his troops in Nova Scotia and the island of Capo Breton, as
could not be prevailed on to remain there : accordingly, there
will be only two hundred remaining, which I desire him may
be forwarded to you with the utmost dispatch, and I hope
they will be witli you time enough, to forecomo any incon-
veniences the shameful desertion of those, that are gone ofiF,
might have put you to.

1 am with great regard
Sir
Your most obedient

Humble Servant,

JEFF AMHERST.

His Excellency Govr. Lawrence,

Endorted Rec. 1st June, 1760. |

Governor Pownall to Governor Lawrence.

Boston, May 18th, 1760.

Sir,—

I find our people doing duty in your Garrison notwithstand-
ing the favor and attention this Province has sliown them for
continuing their services the winter thro', notwithstanding the
great encouragement given to those who would continue have
work'd themselves up to such a temper of dis.satisfaction, that
they have long ago threatened to come off, if they be not re-
lieved. The first notice of their being likely to put their rash
& dangerous madness in execution was sent to the Lieut.
Governor in my absence, while I was in Connecticutt with
Govr. Barnard. Upon my return I got the Court to make
provision for raising five hundred men to relieve those at
those Garrisons who should not chuse to re-enlist. General
Amherst intending to relieve these Garrisons with the Regi-
ments from Louisbourg, acquainted me that our people would
be coming away before my now levies could get down, <fe
thought it would be a needless expense of men & money to
proceed in raising them, I therefore upon this with the
unanimous advice of Council suspended the Levy. Since
these matters I hear, of which I have acquainted General Am-

482

KOTA SCOTIA VOCVUESTS.

herst, that seventy men in one Schooner, and abont eighty in
another have openly come off from Port Frederick at St John's.
Upon these intelligences, !but more especially as upon the
news from Quebec, I was sijire the General would not be able
to relieve those Garrisons as he intended, I continned the
orders for raising said mei», but as the time limited by the
vote of the Court for the pnlisting ceased on the day after
tomorrow, I have little hopes of raising many. But as the
relieving and destiny of troops lies with the General I must
wait to know where he woiild have them sent to serve when
raised. When the enlisting'ceases with the time limited I must
defer all proceedings 'till the new Court meets on the 28th.
I do assure you I am in gieat pain for these parts of your
Province, and have wrote t|ie General word that I think the
aflair requires both Speedyj relief as well as speedy redress.
But what we Governors do who have the Command and des-
tination of any troops we may raise upon an Emergency no
longer in our hands.

I liave the liAnour to be

Sif,
Your Extellency's Most Obedt.

& most Hume Servt.

To His Excellency

Governor Lawrence

Endorstd—Rd. Uth June.

Ac.

T. POWNALL.

Boston, May 25, 1760.

gjjj

' 1 was honor'd with Yojur Excellency's Letter acquainting
me of ye Success of your viery kind attention to ye Distresses
of ye Sufferers in ye la<e great Fire at Boston— I beg
return mine & ye Provinces Thanks to Your Excellency & Ye
Good People of your Province & beg you will be so Good to
assure them of ye Gratefuljl sense we have of their kindness —
1 order'd ye money to be pjaid into ye hands of the Selectmen
& Overseers which Mr. Hancock paid accordingly.
With ye Greatest Respect
I have ye Honor to be

Sir,!
Yr. Excellency's most Obedt.
A most humble Servt.,
His Excellency T. POWNALL.

Govr. Lawrence.
£ndorted,—'&eci. It June,

WAB IN NORTH AMEHICA, 1754-1761.

Oovemor PownaU to Oovernor Lawrence.

483

j Boston, May 25, 1760.

My Dear Sir, —

At last ye Ship in which I have taken my Passage is gott
ready — We wait now only for a few hogsheads of Sugar
coming round ffom Rhode Island ye wind is fair to bring
them will take but a day or two by ship there <fe I am now
really in hopes of getting away this week — but not without
being detained over the disagreeable Parade & Cabals of ye
Election — which I have taken more pains to avoid than I
usually do in any thing that relates to myself, but I coud
not gett away so I stay which on many accounts is incon-
venient to my schemes but it often happens that Providence
provides better for us than we for ourselves — &■ so I submitt
«fe shall be glad to gett to England when I can — even by way
of France rather than all fail.

Be assured that I know ye difficulties under which we
Governors Act, you know I have felt them, I know ye pecu-
liar ones under which you have acted. I know your services
& wise <fe meritorious measures & if my poor services can be
of any use to you in any shape command them — Write
to me under my Brother's cover. If I can gett any Exchange or
gett ■ Carolina & secure any tolerable service I will never
again see America — My Heart <fe my Enjoyments are in Eng-
land & what is uU ye world without those.

Last friday night I received by Major Christie a Letter
from Genl. Amherst <fe another this morning wherein he de-
sires that 300 of ye 500 Provincials I may raise for ye relief
of ye Deserted Garrisons may bo sent to Louisbourg <fe je
other 200 to Halifax to enable you to releive them as lie can-
not now spare ye Troops he intended for those purposes,
having ordered them up to Quebec for which 2000 Ton of
Transports are taking up here — But as I did not receive the
orders for raising these 500 men till ye 17th & ye time limit-
ted was ye twentyth — & as I cannot now proceed till ye
Court meets & as the Humour of ye Court & ye success of ye
Levies may be doubtfull it seems to me ye dependence is too
small to trust to — & how you can be assisted I don't see —
besides ye sending ye 200 to you seems to me out of ye way.
However since we Governors have ceas'd to be intrusted in ye
disposal of these services I have learnt to think I know
nothing of them — but will do whenever desired whatever is
desired to ye utnKist of my Power — God help you Lett me

484

KOTA SC

;ot|ia

DOCtnJENTB.

hear from you A if I can ba usefull to you give me ye Flea-
sure of being so. I had oncp determined to come to Halifax
to wait for a Passage therei but as my orders for coming to
England were dated in Novr. last & I have been so long de-
tained & so much disappointed— I am forced to seize ye very
first opportunity. Beieive me to be with every wish that
we may to enjoy it in all sincere friendship.
You^ Friend & Servant

T. POWNALL.

His Excellency

Govr. Lawrence.

Endoried—VLeci. U June.

Oovemor Hutchinson to Oovernor Lawrence.

I Boston, 5th June, 1760.

Sib— ^

' The Governor Mr. Pof nail sailed for England the 3rd
Instant Mr. Bernard's commission was not arrived when
the last post left N. York. I doubt not you must have
been acquainted with the unwarrantable behaviour ot the
garrison at St. John's River all of whom have deserted their
post except 40 men only or thereabout & the continuance ot
those forty seems to be prec^arious. c -nn * u

The General has directed that 300 men part of oOO to be
raised by this Government be sent to Louisbourg & that the
other 200 be sent to Halifax there to be disposed of as your
ExceUency shall order. The 300 I expect in town to embark
by the 10th, and the other i^OO shall be sent as soon as they
can be inlisted, unless I sbpuld receive in the mean time any
advices from the General to the contrary. While I am in
command I shall commupicate to you every occurrence
worthy your notice. I now inclose the declaration ot one
Mr. Gridley just arrived fr<)m Albany which I wish may be
followed with a more certain account.

I am with very great regard
Sir,
Your mojst Humble

i & most Obedient Servant,

THO. HUTCHINSON.
fHis Excellency Govr. Lawrence
.£ri4or!td—Uieci. H.

WAB nr NOBTH AMEBICA, 1754r-1761.

Oovernor Hutckiiison to Oovernor Lawrence.

485

Sib,—

Boston, 12th June, 1760.

I think it necessary to acquaint you that I have received
a letter from Genl. Amherst dated Albany 7th June desiring
me to send fifty of the two hundred men, intended before to
Halifax, direct to St. John's River which I shall do immedi-
ately after the 300 are gone to Louisburgh, and shall send 150
if so many shall be raised instead of 200 as before proposed
to Halifax. The General writes that he had heard nothing
from Quebec since Cap. Maccartney.

I am with very great regard
Your Excellency's most
Obedient Servant,

THO. HUTCHINSON.
One of our Representatives has
presented a petition to me which
I promised him to transmit to
your Excellency that you might
give such order as to the person
it refers to . as you shall think

proper.

Endorud-

Pr. Capt. Cardin. Bed. 19th; Answered 28rd June, 1760.

Oeneral WhUmore to Oovernor Latorence.

Sib,— , . .

On the 27th Ulto. I had the honour of receiving your
obliging letter of the 13th. Monsr. Maillard with about one
hundred French, men women and children arrived here the
6th Instant,— He says that he is under an engagement of
meeting a number of Indians in about a month, and is therefore
uncertain whether he can come to Halifax by this Conveyance.
However he seems more than half resolved to come, and i
think I shall keep him in that disposition, so that its likely
you will see him at same time that you receive this : I deliv-
ered your Excellency's letter and inclosed is his answer. ^
I heard with the utmost concern of Brigr. Genl. Murray s
being defeated on the 28th April last, and of the loss he
sustained in that action. However I hope he will be able to
maintain the town until he is relieved and the rather as the
winds we have had give good reason to hope that the lleet
got up long ago.

: I

486

KOTA SCOTIi DOCUMENTS.

On the 25th <fe 26th Ulto. ai
Fame, Achilles, & Dorsetshire

rived here his Majesty's Ships
and with them a transport with

a Company of Miners. Col. Bastide also arrived in the Fame,
and on the 31st I received a jdispatch from General Amherst
which brought me the King'te Sign manuel for demolishing
the fortifications of Louisboui|g, and all hands are accordingly
at work for that purpose.

Your Excellency's letter o|f the 2nd Instant came to my
hands on the 13th, by it I observe that considering the small
number of Troops you have \n the Province of Nova Scotia,
and that you are at present bhsily employed in fixing the new
Settlers you do not think ii a convenient time to attempt
extirpating the French Neutrals that inhabit the Coast from
Mirimichi to Canso for fear o^ giving umbrage to the Indians ;
I thus far am in the same ^entiraents with your Excellency
that its not a time to do Anything which may alarm the
Indians. But I am afraid tfiey will never be cordially in
friendship with us while there is a French Inhabitant in the
whole Country, for however their necessities may oblige them
to temporize for a season yetlthey will always keep alive their
old prejudices by their arts ^ insinuations. When therefore
the nature of our public affair's will admit of our chasing them
from their lurking holes ancj sending off these incendiarys,
and at the same time we tre^t the Indians properly they will
soon be brought to think moiij favourably of us and the rather,
as from the demolition of this Fortress its to be hop'd the
Country will be in future ifd of any French neighbouring
place of support to apply to. In the mean time however as

they have begun taking our
look tamely on but do all in
their being able to put to

Ships I think we ought not to
our power to prevent in future
sea even in a canoe. Its this
reasoning that determined M(e when I sent off the relief for
Fort Amherst on the 25th patst to give orders to Capt. Adlam
when he left St. John's to Hook into the different harbours
from Mirimichi to Canso arid take or destroy every vessell
boat or Canoe he could, and I hope at his return to find he
has been successfull. |

I have orders dated 19th May from Albany to send the 22nd
and 40th Regiments up the lliver & accordingly (part of the
transports being arrived) sjx companies oi the 22nd go on
board tomorrow— When I have any news from Quebec, I
shall not let an opportunity slip of communicating it to you.

I inclose an extract from Genl. Amhersts letter to me of
the 23rd April, concerning the demolition of Louisbourg and

WAR IN NORTH AMERICA, 1754-1761.

487

sending the Stores &c. to Halifax. You will please therefore
o itepare room to receive them, -"' give me^ leave ^o send
them a Ship at a time as I conveniently '^^V ^lat mrmber of
prepare Storehouses to receive provisions for what mimber ot
troom vour Garrison may be augmented with from hence.

Mr ^uttar by this vessell sends inclosed to Messrs. Bmney
Alneeland Wroughton's bill on David Parker m favour of

^Tncfofed I Snlmitf>?u Extract of a letter I received from
Capt Hill, the contents of which I immediately communicated
to Commodore Byron who sailed with all the men of V^ar in
Quest of the ships there mentioned the next day being ttie
IStli Instant. ! am wth. the greatest regard & respect
Dr. Sir, your most Obedt.

Humle Servant,

EDWD. WIHTMORE.
Louisbourg, June 20th, 1760.
His Excellency Govr. Lawrence.

Oenercd Jmherst to Governor LawrtncA.

Camp at Oswego, 24 July, 1760.

"''Tarn to own the receipt of your /""-^ j«"«'-^' °"%°V^;ff

20th May, two of the 5tl. June, k the other of the 23rd ot

said month : all which are lately come to my hands ; as the} are

^UExcept one, in answer to those I have had the pleasure of

writing vou, I shall be the more br.ef in my replv ^ff^f}

begin iith the first, in relation to your fears or i ort F ede^

rick k Fort Cumberland, which arc renewed '" *at of the

5th June; When you were not apprised ol the tuin ot

affairs at Quebec, which together with the ^^^^^

the heart of the Enemies country, which tl'e> ''.'^^ « ^^ f '^^

cntto guard, must absolutely put it out of their Po^er, to

attempt any thing offensively; nor can I think you have any

mirrroom'to ap'prehe.Kl anything of Consequence fiw. the

Indians, who seem to be so well convinced of the inf "t'^^

of the French to supply them with necessaries, that they are

gad to desert themrit is however right not to neglect the

Valuable settlements you mention, or to 'pave them so dest^

tute of defence, as to tempt some of the few, that may watch

488

BOTA Bc6tU. DOCUMEHTS.

fn «Vi ^T^ succeed m ^t; You did therefore very right
to apply to Lt Govr. Hutchiuson, who has communicated to
me your demand of the 20(. men that Govr. Pownal was to
raise for those two differenf posts, and his having ^13 50
therTt:" *'" ''^i Ultimo,\4ich'l make no dTbl ^J Trfved

Wre'd^^ithrs'sfnSy'l" "^'^ ^"" ^^' ^°^ ''^ ^''''

triJkfnf f/''"^^''-^ jnstlyj Observe knows all the quibbling
tricks of a New England Attorney; after the resolution T }«H

rrtt*:^rw y ft ("'^'^'' ^ ---nictLd'toTr itt

fotSv^ct 'sroi7r."° ^^^^'^-^^^^' for ^•^e mS ^f

beTornVXl^/""' f ^' ^ B"g«dier, I imagine there must
rPt,!r^o!i " !. ^,'■^°^'o '°"g'"''' ^'ou was in service, you were
returned m the list of the Staff; the truth I believe i.th!

my par?rL?vr" T' ^*-''t^ V *'"^ -nsiderable lime, tr
Sntrv 80 thit n '■^<^^7f / f«'-""«g- Bince I am in this

by way of Effuse ^°^ "'"1 ^'' *'"'" *^^^ ^°"^ ^^o*''^^' ^^^

season i« i^f^' 1^^'* *°/^^" ^''P*^'" Fergusson and as the
season ,s so far advanced yo.^ will keep him with you.

some^f th'/'^ *° TJ^'J^" ^"''^ ^"^^^r t° *»>« P<^«tion of
to^LJ. ° °^ ^j"-^ ^7^'' I «'>'*" tr«"«"'it a copy of it

nicate tlie same to the partiei concerned.

Fnf/i? J "1®'^ '■''PO''* *° yP" of tfie state of the Works at

manv 11 ^1,^^ \^^^^ ""^ *f^"''^' '^"^ *« thi« will require

musf frtf^ .^""^'i *•'"" ^'°" ^''" '"'^Po^^ of »t present! we
must tor the time being rest Satisfied with the work von lav^

tTon'StTo^f ^" ''\f ""^ °^.^*^-^ P""'--^-' y" -"n-
pre8e,°t ' """ ''^4'"'' '* ^^'''"^t *»>• i'^^"'* f^^-" the

to^rnii'lf'^'"^ ^ ''?P''°^^ *¥ '"^*''o'' ^y ^»'ich you propose

ease wtor' ""'^xf ^'/^ ^''^^r'"*" ^^I^^r's contract

ortr'2lKermK next'^f' ""'' ""^'^^-^ *° ^^ -'^'^ "^^

•invd!nnr*^K *•'*'"■ ^'".^'^' i" ^"?''"^'J does not approve of
noVod^v in ' '^'^•"f ,^PPo>ntod for hfrn and that Mr. Mortier has
wUhffis., v^'^A •'"^'^f' yoHn^"«' yourself inform Mr. Fo:s,

Tver he shJlfh- 'v""" °^ ^'""'°^' *''^* ^« "'^y "'^er out who-
ever He shall think proper to ^ncceed to that department.

WAB IN NOBTH AMEBICA, 1754-1761.

489

I have read the copies of Lord Banington & Mr. Bogdiani'a
letters (inclosed in yours of the 5th) relative to the payment
of the fascines, & other materials for the siege of Louisbourg
to Mr. Jeffery, but as I have not yet received the directions
iiord Harrington was to transmit to me thereupon, I must
hau?°"^ ordering that payment, untiU they do come to my

Agreeable to your recommendation of Mr. John Amiel to
succeed to Ensign Breulman (in the second Battalion Royal
Americans) whose resignation I have received I enclose you a
commission for that gentleman.

Mr. Pierts is not yet arrived, but I understand he is on the
road ; I can hardly think Brigr. Murray would trust him in his
office ; I am obliged to you however for having sent him to
me, as, if he is so well acquainted with Canada, as he savs,
fie may be of use tho' I shall not employ him but with the
greatest Circumspection.

I come now to your last letter, solving the question I had
put to you, in relation to Brigr. Monckton's Application, for a
reimbursement of the extraordinary expences, incurred by
film tor a regimental Hospital, during the winter his Battn.
wintered at Halifax, for which, as weU as for the minute of
your Warrant accompanying the same I return you my thanks
as t ley will enable me to answer Brigr. Monckton, to whom I
shall transmit Copies of them.

Captain Loring is in quest of two of the Enemy's vessells,
which are on the Lake, and I think has a very good chance to
fall m with them, before they can return to their Port.

1 am making what haste I can to get towards the River St.
Lawrence ; which I hope I shall very soon do.
I am with great re^rd,
Sir,
Your most obedient

humble servant,
„. „ „ „ JEFF AMHERST.

Uis Lxcellency Governor Lawrence.

indorsed— Hec'i Auguit 27.

Oeneral Amherst to President Belcher.
Sib,— . New Yobk, 15th April, 1761.

I am to acknowledge the receipt, not only of your letter of
the 19th March, but also of the duplicate of that of the 11th

490

NOYA fICOTIA DOCUMENTS.

of said month, the latter of which I have already answered ;
and I am, at the same tiijie to thank you for your proposed
aid to Major Elliot, and his detachment ; as well as for the
directions you mention tol have given for the immediate hire
of transports to proceed to Lunenburg for receiving the troops
of Montgomery's Regimeiit, that were posted in that part of
the Province ; from whence, and the advices I received some
time ago, that the transports hired at Boston to bring away
those, and the rest of th^ Troops ordered hither, were sailed
for Halifax, I flatter mysejlf to see them all here soon.

I must beg to differ in bpinion with those who have repre-
sented to you, that the trbops which, after this Embarkation,
will remain in the provinc^e, will be scarce sufficient for the
protection of the Out Scjttlements ; Those that are destined
to remain there, are fa* more than requisite under your
present circumstances, b^ which danger the late Governor
might last year have some reason to apprehend, is now
entirely removed ; The f^w at Restigouche that are said not
to have yet surrendered | under the Capitulation, can, I am
certain, make no object, bven were they to persist in their
error, but depend upon it, they will soon awaken out of it,
and rejoice at our acceptance of their submission.

I have the defence and! security, as welF as the prosperity,
of the valuable province jof Nova Scotia, so much at heart,
that you may depend upqn it, I should be sorry to expose it
to any risk ; and I think it will be so far from running away
with the troops I intend to leave there, that altho' no more
than tlie two Companies of Rangers were left there, I should
think it in perfect secuf-ity ; I must therefore renew my
directions, that the severil detachments of the Royal Ameri-
cans and Kennedy's ordered to Quebec, so soon as the
navigation will admit of it, may pursue their destination
accordingly, and that instead of your expecting any further
succors, you will rathe^ expect to have your remaining
numbers lessened, which f;he service may perhaps oblige me
to ; but that shall not preivent me from having a constant eye
to the security of the Prrtvince, whose want of aid, whenever
there shall be a real occasion, I shall provide for to my utmost ;
and as I am now resolved to erect some necessary works <fe
fortifications at Halifax (for the directing and superintending
of which Colonel Bastide, who is the bearer hereof, sets out in
a day or two) for which 4-rtificers will be wanted, I intend
to apply to the Province (>f the Massachusetts Bay, for a part
of the troops they have voted for the services of the ensuing

WAR IN NORTH AMERICA, 1754-1761.

491

Campaign, whom I will send to you as soon as they are
raised ; and as their time of service is extended to the 1st of
July, 1762, 1 am hopefuU you will benefit more by them than
you did by the former.

I am, with great regard.
Sir,
Your most obedient

Humble Servt.,

?VS

JEFF: AMHERST.

Honble. Mr. President Belcher.

Endorsed \

(Duplicate)—

Becd. by Mr. Douglass, 23rd May i
Ansd by Colo. ElUott, 29th May ;

1761.

IV.

PAPERS

BELATIKG TO TBI

FIRST SETTLEMEOT OF HALIFAX.

1749-1756.

NOVA 8C0T1A DOCUMENTS.

■^

Advertisement.*
(copy.)

Whitehall, 7th March, 1749.

A proposal having been presented unto Ilia Majesty for
the establishing a civil government in the Province of Nova
Scotia, in North America, as also for the better peopling and
settling the said Province, and extending and improving the
Fisher}' thereof, by granting lands within the same, and giving
other encouragement to such of the officers and private men
lately dismissed His Majesty's land and sea service, as shall be
willing to settle in said Province. And His Majesty having
signed his royal approbation of the report of the said propo-
sals, the Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners for Trade
and Plantations, do by His Majesty's command, give notice that
proper encouragement will be given to such of the officers
and private men lately dismissed His Majesty's Land and Sea
service, as are willing to accept of grants of land, and to
settle with or without families in Nova Scotia. That 50 acres
of land will be granted in fee simple to every private soldier
or seaman, free from the payment of any quit rents or taxes
for the term of ten years, at the expiration whereof no person
to pay more than one shilling per annum, for every 50 acres
so granted.

That a grant of 10 acres, over and above the 50, will be made
to each private soldier or seaman having a family', for every
person including women and children of which his family
shall consist, and from the grants made to them on the like
conditions as their families shall increase, or in proportion to
their abilities to cultivate the same.

That eighty acres on like conditions will be granted to every
officer under the rank of Ensign in the land service, and that
of Lieutenant in the sea service, and to such as have families,
fifteen acres over and above the said eighty acres, for every
person of which their family shall consist.

That two hundred acres on like conditions will be granted
to every Ensign, three hundred to every Lieutenant, four

• This adveitisemeat was published in the London Gazette, March, 1749

496

NOVA BCOTU DOCtTMENTS.

HALIFAX.

497

hundred to every Captain, and six hundred to everj' officer
above the rank of Captain. And to such of the above men-
tioned officers as liave families, a further grant of thirty acres
will be made over and above their respective quota^for every
person of which their family shall ccmsist.

That the lands will be pijrcelled out to the settlers as soon
as possible after their arrival, and a civil government estab-
lished, whereby they will enjoy all the liberties, privileges
and immunities enjoyed by His Majesty's subjects in any
other of the Colonies and Plantations in America, under His
Majesty's Government, and proper measures will also be taken
for their security and protection.

That all such as are willijng to accept of the above proposals
shall, with their families, jbe subsisted during the passage,
also for the space of twelv9 months after their arrival.

That they shall be furnisjhed with arms and ammunition aa
far as will be judged neqessary for their defence, with a
proper quantity of materials aud utensils for husbandry,
clearing and cultivating the lands, erecting habitations, car-
rying on the fishery, and; such other purposes as shall be
deemed necessary for theip support.

That all such persons a$ are desirous of engaging in the
above settlement, do transijiit by letter, or personally give in
their names, signifying in [what regiment or company, or on
board what ship they lastj served, and if they have families
they intend to carry withj them, distinguishing the age and
quality of such person to any of the following officers ap-
pointed to receive and enter the same in the books opened
for that purpose, viz : — John Powuell, Esq., Solicitor and Clerk
of the Repts. of the Lords (jjomrs. of Trade and Plantations, at
their office at Whitehall; fJohn Russell, Esq., Comr. of His
Majesty's Navy at Portsmo^ith ; Philip Vanburgh, Esq., Comr.
of His Majesty's Navy at Plymouth.

And the proper notice wjll be given of the said Books being
closed, as soon as the intended number shall be completed, or
at least on the 7th day of 4pril,

It is proposed that the Transports shall be ready to receive
such persons on board on the 10th April, and be ready to
sail on the 20th, and that j;imely notice will be given oi the
place or places to which su^h persons are to repair in order
to embark.

That for the benefit of the settlement, the same conditions
which are proposed to private soldiers and seamen shall
likewise be granted to Carpenters, Shipwrights, Smiths,

Masons, Joiners, Brickmakers, Bricklayers and all other
artificers necessary in building or husbandry, not being
private soldiers or seamen.

That the same conditions as are proposed to those who
have served in the capacity of Ensign shall extend to all
Surgeons, whether they have been in His Majesty's service
or not, upon their producing proper certificates of their being
duly qualified.

By order of the Right Hon. the Lords Comrs. of Trade and
Plantations.

Thouas Hill, Secretary.

(copy.)

Bis Majeaty^s Uommission to His Excdhncy Governor Vorn-

tvaUis,

George the Second, by the Grace of God of Great Britain,
France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, &c. To our
Trusty and well beloved, the Honorable Edward Oornwallis,
Esquire, Greeting. Whereas we did by our Letters Patent
under our Great Seal of Great Britain bearing date at West-
minster the Eleventh day of September in the second yes^r of
Our Reign constitute and appoint Richard Philipp's, Esquire,
Our Captain General and Governor in Chief, in and over Our
Province of Nova Scotia or Acadie in America, with all the
rights, members and appurtonances whatsoever thereunto
belonging, for and during our will and pleasure ; as by the
said recited Letters patent relation being thereunto had may
more fully and at large appear.

Now Know you that we have revoked and Determined
and by these presents do Revoke and Determine the said
recited Letters Patent, and every clause, article and thing
therein contained ; and Further Know you that we reposing
special trust and confidence in the prudence, courage and
Loyalty ot you the said Edward Cornwallis of our especial
Grace certain knowledge and meer motion have thought
fit to constitute and appoint you the said Eklward Corn-
wallis to be our Captain General & Governor in Chief in and
over our province of Nova Scotia or Acadie in America with
ail the rights, members and appurtenances whatsoever there-
QBto belonging, and we do hereby require and command you
to do and execute all things in due manner that shall belong
uato your said Command and the Trust We have reposed in

498

NOVA pCOTIA DOCUHESTB.

yon according to the several powers and authorities granted
or appointed jou by this present Commission and the instruc-
tions herewith given you or by sucli further powers, Instruc-
tions and authorities as shall at any time hereafter, be granted
or appointed you under our signet & sign manuel or by our
order in our privy Council <fe according to such Reasonable
Laws and Statutes as hereafter shall be made or agreed upon
by you with the advice and consent of Our Council and the
Assembly of our said province under Your Government
hereafter to be appointed| in such manner & form as is here-
after expressed.

And for the better adniinistration of Justice and the man-
agement of the Publicki affairs of our said province We
hereby give and grant unto you the said Edward Corn-
walhs ffull power and authority to Chuse nominate & appoint
such fitting and discreet persons as you shall either find
there or carry along with you not exceeding the number of
Twelve, to be of our Council in our said Province. As
also to nominate and appoint by Warrant under your hand
and seal all such other ^flicers and ministers as you shall
Judge proper and necessary for our service and the good of
the people whom we shall settle in our said Province untill
our further will and pleasure shall be known.

And our will and pleasure is that you the said Edward
Cornwallis (after the publication of these our Letters Patent)
do take the Oaths appoinljed to be taken by an Act passed in
ttie first year of his late jMajesty's our Boyal father's Reign,
Entitled an Act for the tuirther security of His Majesty's Per-
6on and Government and the succession of the Crown in the
Heirs of the late Princess Sophia being Protestants and for
extinguishing the hopes !of the pretended Prince of Wales
and his open and secret abettors. As also that you make and
subscribe the Declaration mentioned in an Act of Parliament
made in the Twenty fifth year of the Reign of King Charles
the Second entitled an Adt for preventing dangers which may
happen from Popish Recuisauts. And likewise that you take
the usual Oath for the dua execution of the office and trust of
Our Captain General & Governor in Chief of our said Pro-
vince for the due and impartial Administration of Justice ;
and further that you takei the oath required to be taken by
Governors of Plantations }f.o do their utmost that the several
Laws relating to Trade anjd the Plantations be observed. All
which said Oaths and Declaration Our Council in our said
province or any five of the members thereof have hereby

HALIFAX.

499

(

full power and authority and are required to tender and ad-
minister unto you and in your absence to our Lieutenant
Governor, if there be any upon the place, all which being
duly performed you shall administer unto each of the members
of Our said Council as also to our Lieutenant Governor, if
there be any upon the place, tlie said Oaths mentioned in
the said Act Entitled an Act for the further security of His
Majesty's Person & Government and the succession of the
Crown in the Heirs of the late Princess Sophia being Pro-
testants and for extinguishing the hopes of the pretended
Prince of Wales and his open and secret abettors ; as also to
cause them to make and subscribe the aforementioned decla-
ration and to administer to them the Oath for the due execu-
tion of their places and Trusts.

And We do hereby give & grant unto you full power
and Authority to suspend any of the members of our said
Council to be appointed by you as aforesaid from sitting
voting and assisting therein if you shall find just cause for so
doing.

And if it shall at any time happen that by the Death de-
parture out of our said province, suspension of any of our
said Councilors or otherwise there shall bo a vacancy in our
sai^ Council (any five whereof we do hereby appoint to be a
Quorum) our will and pleasure is that you signify the same
unto us by the first opportunity that we may under our signet
& sign manuel constitute and appoint others in their stead.

But that our aflairs at that distance may not suffer for want
of a due number of Councilors, if ever it shall happen that
there shall be less than nine of them residing in our said Pro-
vince We hereby give and grant unto you the said Edward
Cornwallis full power and authority to Chuse as many persons
out of the principal freeholders Inhabitants thereof as will
make up the full number of our said Council to be nine and
no more ; which person so chosen and appointed by you shall
bo to all intents and purposes Councilors in our said Province
until either, they shall be confirmed by us or that by the
Nomination of otliers by us under our sign manuel or signet
our said Council shall have nine or more persons in it.

And We do hereby give and grant unto you full power
<fe authority with the advice and consent of our said Council
from time to time as need shall require to summon and call
General Assemblys of the Freeholders and Planners within
your Government according to the usage of the rest of our
Colonies & plantations in America.

50ff

irOTA SCOT^i DOCtTKESrW,

And our will amJ pleasnra is that the persona theretipoo
duly elected by the major fart of the Freeholders of the
Beepectivo Conntiea and p]i|ces & so returned shall before
tlieir setting take the Oaths Bteiitioned in tho said Act entitled
an Act for the further security of lire Majesty's Person au(J
government and the saccessicin of tho Crown in the Heirs of
the late Princess Sophia be|ng Protestants, and for extiu'
guishing the hopes of the pretended Prince of Wales and his
open and secret abettors, »(t also make and subscribe the
aforementioned Declaration (ivliich (»aths & l>eclaration you
shall cominissionate fit personp under oar seal of Nova Scotia
to Tender and administer unto them,) and until the same sliall
be so taken and subscribed no person shall be capable of
sitting tho' elected, and we d> Irereby declare that the persons
so elected and qualified shall be called and deemed the
General Assembly of that onr! Provmce of Nova Scotia.

And tliat you the said Edwhrd Corrnvallis with the advice
and consent of our said Ooni|-i! and Assembly or the Major
part of them respectively shall liave full power and authority
to make, constitute and ordai^ Laws, Statutes <fe Ordinances
for the Publiik peace, welfarej & good govorniiient of o\ir said
province and of the people aijjl I'uhal.itants tiiereof and such
others as shall resort thereto Jk fur the benefit of us our heirs
& Successors, which said Lavls, Statirtcs and Ordinances are
not to be repugnant but as n^ar as may be agreeable to the
iLaws and Statutes of this our {Kingdom of Great Britain.

Provyded that all such Li:|ws, Statntes & Ordinances of
what nature or duration so efcr bo within three montlis or
sooner after the making there|)f transmitted to us under Our
Seal of Nova S(;otia for ouj- ajijirobation or Pisallowauce
thereof as also Duplicates b}- the next conveyance.

And in case any or all of t|ie said Laws, Statstes «fe Ordi'
nances not before conhrnied| by us shall at any time be
disallowed and not approved |<fe so signyfied by us o»r Heirs
or Successors under our or thpir sign manuel & signet or by
order of our or their privy Cojuncil unto you tho said Edward
Cornwallis or to the Commander in Chief of our said Province
for the time being then such ^nd so many of the said Laws,
Statutes, and Ordinances as shall be so disallowed & not
approved shall from thenccfoj-th cease, detennine & become
utterly void & of none effect any tiling to the contrary thereof
notwithstanding. /

And to the end that nothting may ^e passed or done by
our said Council or Assembly to the prejudice of us our

HALIFAX. 501

Heirs <fe Successors We Will & ordain that you the said
Edward Cornwallis shall have and enjoy a Negative Voice in
the making and passing of all Laws, Statutes & Ordinances
as aforesaid.

An<1 you shall <fe may likewise from time to time as you
shall Judge it necessary, adjourn, Prorogue & Dissolve" all
Genoial Assemblies as aforesaid.

And our further will and pleasure is that you shall and may
keep ,t use the Publick Seal of our Province of N(jva Scotia
for Sealing all things whatsoever that Pass the Great Seal of
Our said Province under your Government.

And Wo do further give and grant unto you the said
Edward Cornwallis full power and authority from time to
time & at any time hereafter by yourself or hy any other to
be authorised by you iu that behalf to administer and give
the Oaths mentioned in the aforesai.l Act to all and every
such person or persons as you shall think fit who shall at any
tinu! or times pass into onr said Province or sliall be residing
or abiding there.

And We do by those presents give and grant unto you the
said Edward Cornwallis full power and authority with advice
and consent of cur said Council to erect constitute and estab-
lish such & so many Courts of Judicature & publick Justice
within our said Province and Dominion as von and they shall
think fit and necessary for the heariuij "<fe determining all
causes as well Criminal as Civil according to feaw and Equity
and for awarding of Execution thereupon witli all reasonable
and necessary powers, Authorities fees <fe Privileges belong-
ing thereunto as also to appoint <fc Commissionate fit per-
sons in tho several parts of yo\ir Government to atlmiuister
the oaths meiitione«l in the aforesaid Act Entitled an Act for
the further security of His Majesty's Person <fe Government
& the Succession of the Crown in the Heirs of the late
Princess Sophia being Protestants and for Extinguishing the
hopes of the pretended Prince of Wales and his open and
secret abettors ; As also to tender & Administer the aforesaid
Declaration unto sucii persons belonging to the said Courts as
shall bo obhged to take the same.

And Wo do hereby authorise and Impower you to consti-
tute & appoint Judges & in eases requisite Commissioners of
Oyer <fe Terminer, Justices of the Peace and other necessary
officers <fe ministers in our said Province for tho better ad-
ministration of Justice and putting the Laws in execution and
to administer or cause to be administered unto them such

V :f

502

NOVA SCOTJA DOCUMENTS.

oath or oaths as are usually given for the due executioB ainj
performance of offices and places and for the clearing of truth
in Judicial Causes.

And We do hereby give land Grant unto you full power
& Authority where you shalj see cause or shall Judge any
ofiFender or offenders in Criminal matters or for any fines or
forfeitures due unto us, fit objects of our mercy to pardon all
such offenders and to remitt ftll such Offences Fines & Forfei-
tures, Treason & willfull mjurder only excepted ; in which
cases you shall likewise have power upon extraordinary occa^
sions to Grant Reprieves to tjie offenders untill <fe to the intent
our Royal Pleasure may be khown therein.

We do by these presents Authorise and empower you to
collate any Person or Persons to any Churches, Chapels or
other Ecclesiastical Benefices within our said Province as
often as any of them shall habpen to be void.

And We do hereby givcf & grant unto you the said
Edward Cornwallis by yourself or by your Captains & Com-
manders by you to be authorized full power and authority to
Levy, arm, muster, command & employ all persons whatso-
ever residing within our said Province and as occasion shall
serve to march from one placp to another or to embark them
for the resisting & witlistan(ding of all Enemies, Pirates <fe
Rebels both at Land <fe Sea, and to Transport such Forces to
any of our plantations in Ai|nerica if necessity shall require
for the Defence of the same tigainst the Invasion or attempts
of any of our Enemies, and such Enemies, Pirates & Rebels
if there shall be occasion to pursue and prosecute in or out
of the Limits of our said Pfovince & plantations or any of
them & (if it shall so please God) to vanquish, apprehend <fe
take them <fe being tsiken, according to Law to put to death or
keep & preserve them alive nt your discretion & to execute
Martial Law in time of Invasion or other Times when by Law
it may be executed <& to do 4 execute all & every other thing
or things which to our Captajn Generals & Governor in Chief
Doeth or ought of right to belong.

And we do hereby give Migrant unto you full power and
authority by & with the a4vice and consent of our said
Council of Nova Scotia, to Ei^ect, Raise <fe Build in our said
Province such <fe so many Pt)rt8 & Platforms, Castles, Citys,
Boroughs, Towns & Fortificaj;ion8 as you by the advice afore-
said shall Judge necessary, and the same or any of them to
fortify and furnish with ordnance, ammunition & all sorts of
. arms fit and necessary for tl le security and defence of Our

HALIFAX.

503

said Province and by the advice aforesaid the same again or any
of them to demolish or dismantle as may be most convenient.

And for as much as divers mutinies & disorders may happen
by persons shipped and employed at sea during the time of
War and to the end that such as shall be shipped & employed
at sea during the time of War, may be better governed <fe
ordered, We hereby give and grant unto you the said Edward
Cornwallis full power and authority to constitute & appoint
Captains, Lieutenants, Masters of Ships & other Commanders
<fe Officers, and to grant to such Captains, Lieutenants, Masters
of Ships & other Commanders & Officers Commissions in time
of War to execute the Law martial according to the directions
of such Laws as are now in force or shall hereafter be passed
in Great Britain for that purpose and to use such proceedings,
authorities, punishments and executions upon any offender
or offenders who shall be mutinous, seditious, disorderly or
any way unruly either at sea or during the time of their abode
or residence in any of the Ports, Harbours or Bays of our
said Province as the cause shall be found to require according
to the martial Law and the said directions during the time of
War as aforesaid.

Provyded that nothing herein contained shall be construed
to the enabling you or any by yonr authority to hold Plea or
have any Jurisdiction of any offence, cause, matter or thing
committed or done upon the high sea or within any of the
Havens, Rivers or Creeks of our said Province under your
Government by any Captain, Commander, Lieutenant, master,
officer, seaman, soldier or person whatsoever, who shall be in
our actual service & pay in or on board any of our Ships of War
or other Vessels, acting by immediate Commission or Warrant
from our Commissioners for executing the office of our High
Admiral of Great Britain for the time being, under the Seal
of Our Admiralty, but that such Captain, Commander, Lieu-
tenant, master, officers, seaman, soldier, or other person so
offending shall be left to be proceeded against <fe tryed as
their offences shall require either by Commission under our
great Seal of Great Britain as the Statute of the 28th of
Henry the eighth directs or by Commission from our said
Commissioners for executing the office of our High Admiral
or from our High Admiral of Great Britain for the time being,
according to the aforementioned Act for the establishing
Articles <fe orders for the Regulating and better Government
of His Majesty's Navies, Ships of War & Forces by sea and
, not otherwise.

504

NOVA SCOinA DOCUMENTB.

HALIFAX.

Proyyded nevertheless th^t all disorders A miedenjeanors
committed on shore by any Captain, Commander, Lieutenant'
master, oflScer, seaman, soldier or other person whatsoever
belonging to any of our ships of War or other Vessels acting
by Immediate Commission or Warrant from our said Com-
missioners for executing thg office of High Admiral or from
our High Admiral of Great Britain for the time being under
the Seal of Our Admiralty, maybe tried <fe punished according
to the Laws of the Place where any such disorders, offences
and misdemeanors shall be dommitted on shore, notwithstand-
ing such offender be in onit actual service, & borne in our
pay, on board any such ou|r ships of war or other vessels
acting by immediate Commiission or warrant from our said
Commissioners for executing the office of High Admiral or
our High Admiral of Groa|; Britain for the time being as
aforesaid so as he shall no* receive any protection for the
avoiding of Justice for such bffouces committed on shore from
any pretence oi Ins being eWploved in our service at Sea.

And our further will and pleasure is that all publick money
raised or which shall bo rafsed by any Act hereafter to be
made withm our said provincfe be issued out by Warrant from
you by & with the advice acid consent of the Council & dis-
posed of by you for the support of the Government and not
otherwise. ]

And we do likewise give A grant ^into you full power and
authority by & with the advice and consent of our said
Council to settle and agree vith the Inhabitants of our Pro-
vince for such Lands, Tenempnts, <fe hereditaments as now are
or hereafter shall be in our pjjwer to dispose of and them to
grant to any Person or Persons upon such terms and under
such moderate Quit Bents sejrvices and acknowledgements to
be thereupon reserved unto us as you by <fe with the advice
aforesaid shall think fit. Wl«ch said grants are to pass & be
sealed by our seal of Nova Scotia and being entered upon
Uecord by such officer or offipers as shall be appointed there-
unto, shall be good & effectual in Law against us our heirs &
successors.

And We do hereby give yon the said Edward Cornwallis
tuli power to order and appoiW Pairs, Marts & Markets as also
such & 80 many Ports, Haribours, Bays, Havens and other
places tor convenience & security of shipping & for the bet-
ter Loading & unloading of Goods & merchandizes as by you

with the arliriVc A- „^„„ 4. _r ^u . ^_ : j /-. •• . ii i , , •' '..

805

with the advice & consent of
fit & necessary.

the said Council shall be thought

And We do hereby require <fe Command all officers & minis-
ters Civil <fe Military and all other Inhabitants of our said Pro-
vince, to be obedient, aiding and assisting unto yon the said
Edward Cornwallis in the Execution of this our Commission
and of the powers & authorities herein contained, and in case
of your death or abscence out of Our said province to be
obedient, aiding & assisting unto such person as shall be
appointed by us to be our Lieutenant Governor or Com-
mander in Chief of our said Province ; To whom we do there-
fore by these presents give & grant all & Singular the powers
& authority's herein granted, to be by him executed <fe
enjoyed during our pleasure or untill your arrival within our
said province.

And if upon your Death or absence out of our said province
there be no person upon the Place commissionated or
appointed by us to be our Lieutenant Governor or Com-
mander in Chief of the said Province, Our Will <fe Pleasure
is, that the Eldest Councilor, who shall be at the Time of your
death or absence residing within our said Province shall take ^
upon him the administration of the Government and execute
our said Commission <fe Instructions and the several powers
and authorities therein contained in the same manner <fe to all
intent and purposes as either our Governor or Commander in
Chief should or ought to do in case of your absence until your
return or in all cases untill our further pleasure be known
herein.

And we do hereby declare ordain & appoint that you the
said Edward Cornwallis shall <fe may hold, execute & enjoy the
office & place of our Captain General & Govenior in Chief in
<fe over our said Province of Nova Scotia, with all its rights,
members & appurtenances whatsoever together with all &
singular the Powers & authorities hereby granted unto you
for & during our will & pleasure.

In Witness whereof we have caused these our Letters to be
made patent. Witness ourself at Westminster the Sixth day
of May in the Twenty-second year of Our Eeign.

By Writ of Privy Seal. i

[L.8.]

(Signed)

YORKE & YORKE.

it//

506

NOVA SqOTIA DOCUMENTS.

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«58

NOTA SCOTIA DOCIJMEKTS.

Notes bbperreo to in for^goino ust —

(a) John Creighton was the son of a gentleman in the South of England.
He entered the army early in life, and was at the battle of Fontenoy. He was
«mong the officers discharged at the peace of Aii la Chappelle, in 1748, and was
placed on the half-pay of Col. Warburton's Regt. of Foot. Mr. Creighton was
sent to Malagash with the Germans in 1782, and took a leading part in the settle-
ment of Lunenburg, where he oontinued to reside until his death in 1807. He
was appointed Lt. Col. of Militia, a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and, oA
«th May, 1776, a member of H. M. Council, which office he afterwards resigned.
Mr. Creighton was father of the late Col. Joseph Creighton of Halifax, and
grandfather of Hon. John Creighton of Lnnenburg, now a member of the Legis-
laave Council of Nova Scotia. If. S. MS. Doc: Murdoch's A'. S., vols. 2. 8.

(6) Otis Little had been Captain of one of the independent Companies
raised m New England for Colopial Service. He was the author of a pamphlet
on the resources of Nova Scotia, published in London in 1748. Being in
England when the Colony at Cliiebucto was projected, he joined the Expedition
under Cornwallis, and came out with the settlers in the Canning Frigate. For
some time after his arrival he aoted as Commissary of Stores ; but was dismissed
by Gov. Cornwallis for suffering irregularities to exist in the issuing of sup-
pUes. He was probably a lawyer by profession, having held the office of
Attorney General of the Colony for several years. Capt. Little left a daughter,
who died unmarried, at Halifax. Govs. Letters; N. S. Council Minutes.

(c) J. Baptiste Moreau had been a Roman Catholic Priest, and Prior of the
Abbey of S. Matthew, at Brest. He afterwards became a Clergyman of the
Church of England, and officia4>d to his Countrymen and the German Settlers
at Lunenburg for many years. His son, Cornwallis Moreau, was the first male
child born in Halifax. He was jiving, in 1848, in the County of Lunenburg, and
received, that year, pecuniary ajd from the Nova ScoUa Philanthropic Society.
Ilawkxns Missions of Church, 3p6— Ed.

(d) Archibald Hinchelwood served in the Secretary's office for many years.
He was elected a Member of the House of Assembly, for Lunenburg, in April
1759. He was a Justice of the Peace in 1761, and was again elected, for Lunen-
burg in 1765. Lord William Caippbell nominated him to a seat in the Council in
1778, but he died that autumn, before taking his seat. He left property in Argyle
St., opposite the Grand Parade, which fell to a nephew, an officer in the army,
who left 3 sons, Archibald, Paisley, and Charles, who all died unmarried.
Jv. S. Doc. ; Murdoch's Hist. N. Scotia.

(«) William Nesbitt accompanied Govr. Cornwallis to Nova Scotia in 1749.
as one of the Government Clerks, and appears to have pcrtormed, in con-
junction with Archibald Hinchelwood, the duties of the Secretary's office for
aeveral years. He afterwards practised as an Attorney and Solicitor at Halifax,
where many of the early conveyances of land appear in his handwriting. He
succeeded Mr. Little as Attorney General of the Colony, which office he held
for nearly twenty- five years. 0H the establishment of a Representative Govern-
ment, he was elected a Member of Assembly ; and was made Speaker on the 4th
Deer., 1759. He continued in tlje Chair of the House, with the intermission
of the session of 1774, (while sick), until 1788, when he retired on a pension of
£100 per annum. He died the following year. In 1763, Mr. Nesbitt declined
the offer of a seat in the Council, preferring the offices which he then held.
During the period of his Speakership, the house sat fourteen years without a
dissolution— this was called the Long parliament of Nova Scotia. Mr. Nesbitt's
residence was in Grafton Street. His old house situate in Block E, Collier's
division, on the upper side of the street, still remains, though now mnch altered
from lU original appearance. He is supposed to have left no male heirs in this
country ; his daughter Mrs. Swa« died in the old house in Grafton Street at an
advanced age, about 85 years ago. The Portraits of Speaker Nesbitt and his
wife are in the Library of King's College, Windsor. N. 8. MS. Doc ; JburnaU
^ Btute of AssemUy, K S.

HALIFAX.

559

Oovernor CornwaUia * to Duke of Bedford.

(copy.) I

t/HEBUCTO, 22nd. June, 1749.
My Lord Duke, —

I arrived here yesterday, — this morning a Sloop arrived
from Mr. Hopson, which I am obliged to send to Boston in
case any ship should be going thence to England. I would
not neglect an opportunity of writing to your Grace. I met
the " Fair Lady " storeship at sea the eleventh, after we had
been from England four weeks, who told mo the Transports
arrived at Spithead the day before he sailed, and. were to sail
in three days after him, we were then off the island of Sable,
and except the first eight days had met with contrary winds
all the passage, besides we had steered our course for Cape
Bace but was forced off the banks by a gale of wind from tlie
North West so that I had reason to think the Transports
might be soon at Chebucto — we had nobody on board that
knew anything of the Coasts, nor of the Bay of Fundy, so
were to cruize off the Coasts till we met with a pilot, we
made the Coast of Acadio the 14th but met with no pilot till
the 20th, when we met with a Sloop from Boston to Louis-
burgli, with two pilots on board, for the use of the Governor, —
the wind not serving for the Bay of Fundy and the officers
assuring me in case of foggy weather (not unusual upon
those coasts) we might be a fortnight getting to Anapolis.
The wind was fair for Chebucto, so I thought it advisable to
go in there rather than risk the being some weeks perhaps
after the settlers arrived. I could save the Garrison of Louis-
burgh, the bad and long navigation to Anapolis so I sent to
Governor Hopson that I was going for Chebucto and desired
him to transport the Garrison thither, imagining he had
transports ready : by his Sloop that came in this day I find
him in great perplexity, the French arrived, and he no trans-

• The Honourable Edward Cornwallis, was fifth son of Charles, third Baron
Cornwallis, by Lady Charlotte Butler, daughter of Richard, Earl of Arran,
and uncle to the celebrated Duke of Ormonde. He was born 22 Feby, 1712-18.
He was Member of Parliament for the borough of Eye in 1740, and in 1758,
shortly after his return from Halifax, he was elected for the city of Westmin-
ster. He married, the same year, a daughter of the late Lord Townshend, but
left no family. In 1750 he was made a Major General, and was afterwards
Governor of GibralUr. General Cornwallis was twin brother of Dr. Frederick
Cornwallis, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury, and uncle to the Lord Corn-
wallis who defeated General Gates at Camden, South Carolina, in 1780, and
afterwards surrendered at Yorktown, to the Revolutionary General Lincoln.—
Collins' and Dtbrett's Peerages.

OVA 8C0TU DOCUMENTS.

560

ports.— The Councif of War it seems were of opinion that the
orders from the Secretary at War did not empower him to
liire Iransports, bijt to wait my arrival and that I was to
send the Transports that brought the settlers hero As I
cannot know when _the Transports will arrive, in what condi-
tion, nor how many I can spare, I think it absolutely necessary
for the service to send the sloop to Boston with orders to
Apthorp, and Hancock, who Mr. Hopson has recommended as
the persons that h^ve been always employed on the part of
the Government to hire vessels with all expedition for the
Iransportation of these Troops from Louisburgh to Chebucto.
1 send a letter by j the same sloop to Colonel Mascarene in
case he should mee^ at sea any vessel going to Anapolis I
likewise send a Frenchman that knows the Country over
Land by Minas to >.napolis. I have ordered Colonel Masca-
rene to come here with a Quorum of the Council, as soon as
possible, that I may open my Commission, take the Oaths
InstrucKf another Council according to his Majesty's

I can give your G^ace little information as vet as to this
Country— the Coasts are as rich as ever they have been repre-
sented. We caught fish every day since we came within fifty
eagues of the coasl^ the harbour itself is full of fish of all
kinds all the officers agree the harbour is the finest they have
ever seen— the Country is one continual Wood, no clear spot
to be seen or heard of. I have been ashore in several places
— ttie underwood is only young trees so that with difficulty
one might walk thro' any of them ; D'AnviUes fleet have only
cut wood for present use but cleared no ground, they en-
camped their men tpon the Beach.— I have seen but few
Brooks nor have as yet found the navigable river that has
been talked of-theris are a few French families on each side
» . Bay about 3 Jeagues off; some have been on board:
As to the dispositio|i of the French or Indians I can give
your Grace no account tiU I see Colonel Mascarene when I
shall write more iullj' and continue from time to time to ac-
quaint your Grace 0f our proceedings. I wish the French
may not be uneasy alj waiting so long on board for the e vacua-
tion ot Louisburgh ap it may be some time before Mr. Hop-
son will get Transpo(-ts— it will I fear retard the settlement.

I am &c,

ED. CORNWALLIS.

P. S. — I expect tM Transports daily.
His Grace the Duko pf Bedford.

HALIFAX.

(Prom the Duplicate.)

We came to anchor in Merliguiehe Bay where I was told
there was a French settlement. I sent ashore to see the
Houses and manner of living of the Inhabitants — there are
but a few Families with tolerable wooden Houses covered with
Bark, a good many Cattle and clear ground more than serves
themselves — they seem to be very peaceable, say they always
looked upon themselves as English Subjects, have their
Grants from Colonel Mascarene the Governor of Annapolis,
and showed an unfeigned joy to hear of the new Settlement.
They assure us the Indians are quite peaceable and not at all
to be feared — there are none hereabouts.

I have, Ac,

ED. CORNWALLIS.
(From the Duplicate.)

This Frenchman will be there in three or four days — tis 25
leagues from hence to Minas and the French hav« made a
path for driving their Cattle over here.

Governor CornwaUis to Duke of Bedford*

Chebucto, July 23rd, 1749.
My Lord,—

My last to your Grace was of June 22d., a duplicate of
which is enclosed,— the 27th the Transports appeared ofi" the
Harbour and in a few days most of them got in. As their
passage had been extremely good and none of them had in
the least suflFered, I found they would be ready to sail the
moment the settlers should be put ashore. I despatched a
Sloop to Boston to countermand the order I had given, and
sent to Mr. Hopson to let him know I would send in a few
days Transports to bring away his Garrison. Mr. Hopson
had wrote me that he had agreed with Desherbier the French
Commissary to make use of the French Transports upon
condition that in case the English Ships should arrive be^re
they were all on board he should be at liberty to disembark
them. I sent him one the 1st of July, and four more the largest

• John Rassell, 4th Duke of Bedibrd, wis appointed secretary of state in
1747-8 and resigned the office in 1751. He was afterwards minister plenipo-
tentiary to France. He died in 1771. —Collins' Pierage.

fA\

■j^i

662

NOVA SCOTIA DoduMENTS.

find t MrV - ^"'- ^ 'T ^ ^^« '"""'^ disappointed in
Lh f^ M'-Hopson unprovided with Transports as I nevor
had he least intimation that he wa^ to wait for the shins th.[

jZ SrdTlfa/'" '""''^l- \ ''^^'^ '^ '^"-"^ f™- Kto ';
vent fll bu o ,^^ second order got Ihere soon enough to pre-
vent all but one from sailing, hut aa they were all hired tliia
w,ll cause some expense, they write me it will not be mud

July 8 I received from Mr. Hopaon copies of letters fr'.m
Governor hhirley and Colonel Masc^reno giving an accountTf

mouth of St. John's River. As ray Instruction.s di Jet me o
p event all such encroachments and particularly n ent on th ?

oop to attend him with
Annapolis to furnish hira

in this affair will moot
July 12th 1 heard from
;he Boston to Annapolis

ous of the Albany with a small S
orders to the commanding Officers at

with Troops if demanded Copies oi myletVei- to Cunt'- r"""
and of one to the commander o? St. Jolm' nd JoTr Gra e'

enclosed. I hope what I have done " •• -'^°"'^'^*°9
with your Grace's approbation.
Governor Shirley, that he had sent the B,
to rec-eive my instructions about th(t affair of St Jol,n'= r
eent Captn. Pearse the same directions had g Ven Captn

St; "as S^^rtV '". declaratioi Asserting ^isl.-.:?;;'
rignts. As to Port Mouton which is n^entioned in these letters

I.,'t n IL' "''h "''''''^' occasionecj by the French 1 a^ng
put in there in their way to St. John'L ^

Chebtt """^ '"^ ^'^""^ ''"'' ^'-^^^ ''"■• proceedings at

Colonel Mascarene,*
Captn. How,
Capt. Gorham,

I have added since Mr. Steel.
fl.o^H''T^"*P\"" ''T^^ ^^''^ *'*'^en of the Plans sent me of

cXli^J^nr^^^ How and

•on at Louisbure. Mewrs SaTi.h.^i. ^^' S -J "■"" '""^'^^y to Govt. Hop-
Cornwalli,. Mr Steel aft^i^^i^^ and Davidson came out with Governor
settler, from Engiand ' '***"'""*» ^^^^ '» fl'e council, wa. one of the

Mr. Benj. Green,
Mr. Salisbury,
Mr. Davidson.

HALIFAX.

568

^P^:'S^:f'^^^^^ have fixed for the town
which commands that whofo Pe^ ~*,l' "P?\*'^f «'de of a ffill
from the Northwest ,vindr From fi T^ '^^^^''^ ^ho town
lull IS about half a mile tlJlT I '''°'"*' *° "'^ top of the
good, there is conveSent landinrf"^ r ""^ ««"*'«' ^^^ «oil L
and good anchorage wTth n GuSot oftT'%'" ''?"^^he Belch
Ships. In Durol's Plan the tin ?. • / f ^^ore for the largest
to Be,,ford Bay .re Z.^VdZ^Tj'^' ^^^o the entrZ
which IS likewise taken notice o{iX\T T^P"^ ^° ^^rtifv
view must then have been to have the So/h ^"°"'''''^- ^heir
Bay This would havte been s Set to ' T"'"^ ^'*'"" ^hat
In the first place, it would be too for ^^ .'°*'°"''^"'*^»'^'e«-
being about five leagues frcna ft en , f f'", F'«'»ermen, it
these points, and the Beach a %l"n<. °^ *''° ^'^''I'ou'-'to
their Fish as can possibly be imarTin""? "' I^P^'' ^o^ curing
would ever have thought of ^Snf "v i •'"'./hat no fishermaS
no ships would choose to If solr " *'if«e ^orts-indeed
be tjian that of Chebucto which reach 7 '^"'^f ^'^'•^0"^ can
Sandwich River* so that nnuXlf'^^ ^'"^^ *''«-^e points to
these points an enemy's fetlil?r''^ °^ '■'"^' ^^'^^ "Pon
block np all ships within tt bS' ^'e secure and indeed
fortify for the defence of the HaH^;.,; P'""!""" P'^o^s to

point and the Bank opposke o ,t r '""'", *" ^^ Sandwich
wise very convenient fKBatSrvt.rf^!' ^^''«°^ li<^^ hke-
and the Town. It containt Ij ' ? '^'^^''"'^ both the Harbour
was there Ilan.led the sStlersfr"' ''"i""" '"'^^'-^ Acres It
Lo„isbourg-I have no^itarcl r,°;?°f'''/ *'"' ^^ips sent to

As'tire'''^^^"'" "P°" it rplt ;"^ «*«-■"> and propose

Ah there was not one varrl ,^f „\
™ag<"e our difficulty and what work ^'"""f^ ^«"'- Grace will
«ver they have already clelnd Z "i';''^'''^ *» ^o. How
begin my own House n two days TT, '' ^'''' ^'^'^ ^ ''opeTo
plaJiiks ready. '"^° '^^^^' -1 I'^ve a small frama and

been ti^^Si^r^a^l^Pg-^^'e, many of themhave
them had Instructionslrora ffis '^r. T\^^'''''''' *°'d
friendship and all protection and 1,1 -"^''^ *° ^^^^^ them
I should deliver as soon as thev .1 m ''"" P''<^«'^nts which
and return with powers tn H «''.°»''l assemble their tribes
their French ComES, for ot feninV^'??*^ ^"'^ '^^'^hange
Three of the French Den„t if? 1" ^*J®'*^'« ^^me.

564

BfOVA gCOTIA JOCtTMEWra,

Copies of His Majesty sDeclara ion and copies of the Oath of
Allegmnce which I told them jhey must take without any
condifon or reservation but in tL same manner as Hi S

rom IS"^ ' H '^J r '" '"'^'^^ ¥''''''^ *'"''•• °"'.^ difficulty fs
from fear ut the Indians ,n cas^ of a French War. I have

ordered all the Deputies to coml here and expect then in a

few days,-I thnik ,s necessary L shew them hat tis n our

power to master tiiem or to piltect them, and therefore I

des^n to «e„d as soon as possif two Companies to Mnas

wi borders to build a Barraek|and stay there the Wi tor

I shall also send an Armed Slooi, into the Bay of M n to'

prevent all correspondence with ]he French by sea :-an her

Company I shall send to the Heacj of the Bay, where tlie Cd

oMinas begins:-! propose likewise a Blockhouse ludf way

ior the convenieucy of Travellers and then to employ all Ihe

Men I can get together. Soldiers |nd Inhabitants to ckar he

Koad from hence to Minas, tis abolt 30 Miles in a direct line-

whetier this can be executed ifefore winter I caniio say

Had the Garrison of Louisbourg iLn arrived they wouW l.aTe'

been of infinito advantage: at prW I have only one S

Hangers *^^""'^' '"' ''' ^^-M^ton's and 60 o^f Oorhamt

A list of the Civil officers I shal ..- uu.« to send your (irac»

by the next ships that sail, with an account of wharfurtW

progress we shall have made. ' ^uriDer

To Hi.s Grace the

Duke of Bedford.

(copy.)

Oovtrnor CornwaUis to Lords o

ED. CORNWALLIS.

0/ Trade and Plantations.

Mr LoBDs,- Ci.EBucTO, 24th July, 1749.

n.i ■"? ^7- f° '^°"'' V°''"^'^'P^ ^^* °^ f'e 22d of June du*Dli-
cato of which ,s enclosed-a few days after, several 'of Si
Transports arrived and before th.| 1st of Jul'y they were aH
in the Harbour. I immediately dispatched a Slonn t,, iT f

all but one sailing. I sent anotherj to Mr. Hopson to let him

HAUFA.X.

565

few days Accord-

r;our Ship. ^'-;Si;°oSv. '^">«..' i»£tr>

ished by striking tl>« r "am ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^„ i a^e tie ^

of your Lordships ^ ICt ■ there are amongst the ^^ttie

province aa weru p> w^idea which, at tneu

.cres-C^py of - /^^-^^ °,^,\ send enclosed and that y
' offered me by Mi. j*^^.'^ situation I have chosen,

Lordships may judge ot the siiu

566

N07A

.■kw

SCOTU DOCPMroro.

««d they belant ">-' "'.'f ^^»« "^« Serai ^"."'^^'°'' RiVef
• «Pon exaraffa^o^^^7 "r*^ *''« fi^ft SL?'"""^ at first'
't^T^hat shoal offtiZ • "" ' ^^^^ ^tronls^J ■ ^' ^"^^"'i- but
\^ort, would be ev^"'",' ^'"'^J' n^akef 1 ' ?"'''°"^ «e«'nst
8haJ]o,v that a Cahl'^ ,"'^'^i**"&orous so I ^ ^"^^'oment for
"Pon the rocks, be •I^!e4 froTn the shCe s^n 'n'^''^-^'^ «<>

2"i{/ ^ve found E ^k"'^ '° "'ere in w7n ^^f J'- tbat a
^- fi. f '•^ctiy upon 1*''° ^t'-*' storms" here !' ""''."P"" ^O"
\ear the sliore an,) ' P°'"t ^ the soij nrr, Z"""' ^'•O'" the

Water Ri^er t- ''""^enierices I co nlrlV ^^""'^^'"« I liave

*^«.^- W. wint tilT'T«»^^v-i(ls\e»,fe''-f"^ that
lenient for 8mi.li i "® ^each is „n ', "'^"^.'^ the town from

•^^■^^"■n GursSofT T'^ 4« «iS^'"° graveJ, coT
18 easier than t . '?P '''ore Tibr thf. I ^ ^"""^ everywliere

«^ip« of 200 v,3s 'r " ^^^'-' -^ ot rs//''p^-^^^'"^g

F^e;K£i^°»^4£o^h?^

fcrfcf7.it:fcs^Stt'-^rS^r^

^'-SSdSv"^'^^^^^

•^ on the same errand.

HXLTFAX.

567

I have Been many of the Indians and some of their Chiefs,
they are at present quiet and peaceable, they say they will
send deputys to enter into Treaty, take English Commissions
instead of French, and receive His Majesty's Presents.

As soon as the Garrison arrives from Louisburg I propose
to send two Companys to Minus with orders to build a Bar-
rack and stay there" the Winter. I shall likewise send an
armed Sloop to lie in the Basin of Minus, this will show the
French that we can master or protect them according to their
behaviour, and in case any of them should bo decoyed to
Canada or Louisbourg or St John's, that force will prevent
their carrying off their eifects.

By the next Ships I shall give your Lordships an account
of the Civil Officers, and what further proceedings wo may
have made.

I am <fcc.

The Lords Commrs.

for Trade & Plantations.

ED. CORNWALLIS.

6ovr. Cormvallis to Duke of Bedford.

(COPT.) , Chebucto,

I 24th July 1749.

My Lord, —

By the early Transport I send Your Grace as full an
account as 1 am able at present of our proceedings at
Chebucto Your Grace will be sensible of the many difficulties
I have to encounter at first setting out. I must rely upon
your Grace's goodness to pardon any neglects or omissions a
hurry of business may occasion the people I have to deal with
not subject or at least not accustomed to discipline and subor-
dination makes it heavy at first but I dont despair of bringing
things to order.

Nothing is wanting but industry and assiduity to make this
Colony in time as it appears to me the most flourishing of any
of the northern Colonies, in respect of the fishery most cer-
tiunly it has the advantage of them all and as far as I can
perceive no way inferior in other particulars, the soil is good,
the climate by all accounts healthy, the harbor the finest
perhaps in the World, therefore my Lord I can see no reason
if a proper Government be once established, for as yet there
has hardly been the appearance of one, why the province of

/
^

^ji^S^at-ffii.i

5G8

NOVA

SCOTIA DOCDMENIB.

5
f

] 1
1

lol^fZ^r"' '"' ^T^ '^ ^^ ^^ '^-' - a few years the

able to do wi.l Ihad G.n T'^f *'"' ^^f" °^ ^^^ ^'"^y •>-
Annapolis I wo U have 1'° "'t/ ''"""F'' *« ''^^"^ reached
nient is easily crushed affi? °^>'f 'f' ^^ork at the coramence-
of sending to acqSt Sr Si^W ^.''T' ^^''^^^^'-eno instead
a force to have ,S e 1 H? ^1 • T ^^^^one himself or sent

Monsieur Rams^* W,o ^fiKVh/'' ""^ ''^^''^ '*•
passed Merlegochiit Sw X 'S'\^ P^"" ^»?P'".ved, had
it waso«-ing to a Soon liTl, h T ^P"' ''' there and

French People putt n"/ it V ,m ^""""^ ''^'^ ^'^ne other
to the ^ye8t vard "l at iltL? .,^^""°" ** "'^•■^'°"^- '"^ 'i"le
going to make .seulSett hel° ^''r"""""* °^' *''« F''^"''''
theMenof WarirveSfl in'r^'/r" ""' ^ hear what
your Grace of it 1 '^" '^''P''*'''' * ^^«1 *<> "'form

I am &c

ED. COKNWALLIS.

To His Gfrace the

Duke of Bedford.

Minules of Cyuncil, Bali/ax 1749.

niand of a body of men, from QUbec n R v'*" '-^ Proceeded, in c„m-
foHify,ng himself at BeaubaTsinX wp^,^/^ Verte, in Nova Scotia; and
wmter of 1747, where he surnrizJ «„T?. r ""1 "^ ^"^ "> *'*""'. in the
under Colonel Noble. He aZarsl have .;'*'"'* "'" T"" P^«vineial forcl
folowtng year, in active ho'Sef a^aYnst Z ?,"??«'"''. ^urmg this and the
LeLutre and others. In June 174» 3tZ, .^ '^•""'''' '" «»nJ "notion with
«ent to fortify the mouth of the RiVersfl"'" '," ^?^K« "f "" expedition
reward for his services, the appointmem of Tnl^ J" ^'^f '"^ "-eoeived, as a
held when that place surrendered t^HpRH^T ^"^^ ""^ ^"''^'"'' *'"'-''' ''«
of the officers who signed the capituHtion V '"^'l'" *^"»- "« ""^ "ne
Vaudreuil, the Governor of Canad? -h^ ? ' ^7 .*'"'='' ""^ »<" b'^nied by
little longer.-JV. r. Col. Doc,Z> ^Wl ''^ "'""'''* '"'^'^ '"'•'» <>« »

HALIFAX.

569

Present —

His Excellency' the Governor.
i aul Mascarene Esqr. *
Edward Howe, Esqr. *
John Goreham, Esqr.
Benjamin Green, Esqr. f
John Salisbury, E.sqr.
Hugh Davidson, Esqr.

-Jl^lZ!!!!"!!!^:^!!!!:!;^^ Oaths & Oeda.

•See notice, of Messrs. Mascarene, How, and Gorl.a";;:^^,^;^,;;;^

1713'!T"y"u^"e:?ror.h'rKe''/*^ Province of Massachuset„-bom in
and a graduate tf Harvard He was h7^ ,^"''"' ^"^"^ "^ ^alem village"
elder brother Joseph.Tn Boston a„1 in v^ ' ? "'. * "'erchant under his
daughter of the Hon. Jose^ ;"p.erce "f l^om";^^ ""^aret,

accompaned General PennerplltrT .,""'''• ^^"^ Hampsh re. He
expedi'tlon; and ^er the cSle of ^L 'nr'*^' '" "^^i"'' «^"«"y «» «he
Secretary, until Cape Breto'^^ wL re tore'^'^o' TT"^ !''"^ "' Government
removed with his family to Halifav/nH ' "'^ ^'f"*^'' '" I'^S, »hen he
Cornwallis- Council. 1 ^-^Jas afterwards tJ" "PPT'f ""^ "^ G"^^™"
the death of Governor Wi7nTot in iTfib^ boTnT,r" "^ ."'« Province ; and on
appointed Administrator of tluiGovprn,^!'"^ "^^" senior Councillor, he was
His eldest son, Benjamh, Green su?ppT? . • "'„''"'* ■" ""'i^^*" '" 1772.
was a member of Assemb^ 'fien^mTn r J'""" f ^'"^'""'^^ Treasurer, and
Lieutenant \Villiam P. Green R N aL nf i"' ^T°'\\V ''*"«^'" "^ "-e late
Lawrencetown, near Halifax Thf'.» f Jo^'^ph and Henry Green, late of
eheriffof Ilahfax The atestlnhen n!:j ''°" "^ "',«"«». Benj. Green was
of Sheriff Oreen.-.V. V J^IX ".»"">'; "J ""Mfax married a daughter
Remarks of Twentv-fire i'.ay, ,ni' ' ^""'P'''" """I'd " Fragments from

i
O

ri^i

670

N(irA SCOTIA DOCDMENra.

ri°&for„:;ti''siro„=s. •»«•"■ '»- 1^-

Jiavfn

His Excellency naA
■Beaufort Monday the
to nominate William
ior this Province &
merJy taken by the o
seat at the Council

Hug!

7?h"onuTlttn?rl°"''°-^*te

SNele Esq one of TtI V ''' '^^^ P'-^^^^^

a.|iministe?;d to hL /h ^''^^'^^' ^'^'^»<'"

tljer members C ^ T'^ ^^t''^ ^r.

Bolrd. ^''^° ^"^ Steel took his

PfiESENT —

His Excellency The Governor,
^aul Mascarene, Esqr
^eni^rain Green, Esqr.
John Salisbury, Esqr *
"""'^ Davidson, Es^q;t

His Excellency read
regard to The Settlers

Hugh Davidson, Sec.

CORNWALLIS.

the counfryaeat of hi r^"«« °f ''» wif?s broker «nH™^'^''' ^"S'"''"'* «
Becember I7fi^ 7 ■^ relaUve.i Sir ThonxAB 'i7u,l ' "?'' '''^'* "'-*«'• <Jffley,

well W'n [„'';he"'i?r"''' "^ """»'"«'•' Mr" Thml"e "Z: '" "^"/"^"'W^e, f^

HALIFAX.

571

At a Council held on board the Beaufort, on Tuesday the

18th of July, 1749,

Present —

His Excellency the Governor
Paul Mascarene, Esqr.
Benjamin Green, Esqr.
John Salisbury, Esqr.
Hugh Davidson, Esqr.
William Steel, Esqr.
His Excellency was pleased to appoint the following Gen-
tlemen Justices of the Peace for the Township of Halifax, viz. .
John Brewse, Esqr.
Robert Ewer, Esqr.
John Collier, Esqr.
John Duport, Esqr.
The said Gentlemen took the Oaths appointed by Act of
Parliament to be administered to all persons m office & sub-
scribed the Declaration. . , ^ ... ..
They likewise took an Oath for the impartial administration

"Ordered a Proclamation, That all the Settlers should assemble
to-morrow morning in separate Companys with their respec-
tive Overseers, & each Company chuse a Constob e^

ED: CORNWALLIS.

Hugh Davidson, Sec.

At a Council held on board the Beaufort, Wednesday, th&
19thof July, 1749,

Present —

His Excellency the Goveriyjr,
The same members as yesterday,
Erasmus Phillips, Esqr., beg'd leave to resign into His
Excellency's Hands a Commission from His Majesty to be
Advocate for the Vice-Adm ralty of the Province of >ova
ScororAcLdia dated London, L 23rd Pebr 1729 it being
impossible for Mr. Phillips to attend to execute the Duty of

''^Thf sa°i5'Resignation was accepted of & ordered to be
minuted in the Council Book. ^ ^ cOENWALLIS.

Hugh Davidson, Sec.

872

NOVA SCOTIAi DOCUMENTS.

TTn^''^'"'^"?'''^j*'^°'iT*^'"^'^.*''^ ^''^^^ ^ isu^'l to Edward

PBESBaJT — .

His Excellency the Governor

Peregrine Thomas Hopson
Paul Mascarene
John Horseman*
Robert Ellison
James Fr. Mercer
Charles Lawrence

Edward How
John Gorham
Benj. Green
John Salisbury
Hugh Davidson
William Steel f

Esqrs.

u ii. m L °^ ^^^ ^*- J^ohii's Indians beinff arrived sent

«Ln A [-^r ^'.PY '^''' '''P'^^' *° S'« Excellncy & agJee
upon Articles of a Lasdng peace upon the same footing as^he

rnnn^I i-f ^^^^^ ^^i' '^''^ ^'^^^^^ ^^« '^^^^ before the
TuZiZ h r' Y.^t'^J^ '^^^^ ^'^^ «''">«' ^ that the Indian
Deputys be brought before the Council for that purpose t<y
morrow morning at ten. | Fu-poao lo-

His Excellency informed the Council that the Engineer &
Overseers were ready to point I out to each Settler his par-

L i ;k ^^'"^^ ^^^" "P'"**^" "^^^^^^^ these lots should
be given them to-morrow, or whether the whole number of
settlers ought not to be employee! for a few days to throw a
Jme of defence round the Town

Unanimously agreed That to,morrow morning when the
Settlers assemble, the overseers propose to them to employ a

St'Irird \"^'' "P " ""' ,°f ^^'''' '^hout the townVL?
afterwards they may set about building their Houses in

"fZ/'f.if.r'y r° '^^^ be paid fs. 6d. per D?em
Ordered that the members of ^he Council attend to-morrow
mornmg at ten o'clock to treat wjth the Indians.

Hugh Davidson.

ED: CORNWALLIS.

wegimenu which formed the garrison of Lpuiibnrg.

h.mj^n^'*"'''"'""* "PP**" '"°°"» the .etUer. who came » the .hipBoe-

^p^/^^"^/^

^o(:^^r']T'rr^_ -^j

7^J^"'^D

yzv^ /y ,

(fualif

ah lb

A<^ fflL.

ILS

y'^c^

flCtL.

Cu/^hL

tyhqj^ '^UihtttS kjixxvh and ^^anLUiJ&^,*^da(^a(f[/tm. Ikt^'Hidcj tfH'^hcvdctit . shtdmiA ^Jciu
^ianSs ^

fdi^v^HiL 1noi^'(kwkan' '^(n(f tniikd^ M<^

(h. Mot ^<ft*Ja.nk cn.>^^Jdiiijnini^ alxicck^ c%Aw^jk Lmak.H. uh. tAetX^-- camera

to _^ : •' " I .

^mff:?/lk 7nJ^n\ ^^ tnahariLj %U(rhm lUmi^ h f/'w ^o vctnxKi-a '^PiKi UiOl: ^ Jccakh duUi^ /Al-I^^ o/ A^ ^^ ^

doyoM,

"^^^^^"^^^

xalo Mmn/ ^ tm Jdf an^ iMjiikaU c/ mi/ T^ii^ mk) ^e*u

f f- -t

-^ ^ 4 -^-^^

3mM>

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halipax.

673

At a Council held on board tlio Beaufort on monday tlio
14th of August 1749.

PRESKKT—

His Excellency The Governor <fc the whole Council.

The Indian Deputys being brought before the Council, Hia
Excelleuey bid them welcome to Chebucto & asked them
what was their View in coming from St. John's.

Indian— Cnpt Howe told us that Your Excellency ordered
us to come & we came in obedience to your
orders.
Governor — I have Instructions from His Majesty to maintain
Amity & Friendship with the Indians <t to grant
to those in those Provinces all manner of Pro-
tection.
Indians— ^\Yo have seen the last Treaty with France & are

glad of it.
Governor — I am willing to enter into Treaty with tlic Indian
Chiefs & with those of the St John's Indians in
particular. Have you authority for that pur-
pose.
Indians — "We reckon ourselves included in the Peace made
by the Kings of Great Britain & Prance.
!)• — I ask if you are impowcr'd from Your Chiefs to
make a particular Treaty with me.
Indians — Yes. We come on purpose.

Governor — From what Tribes k from what Chiefs are your
Pelegates? -

Indians — I from Octpagii. The Chief Francois do Salle

from Medochg. The Chief Noellobig from Pas-
samaquady, Chief Neptune Abbadouallette.
From tiie Chinecto Tribe, Jean Pedousaghugh the
Chief for himself & Tribe.
Governor — Do vou remember trfie treaty made with vour

Tribes in 1726? 4»
Indians — Yes. Some of us were present when it was made.
Governor — AViJl you have it read to you ?
Indians — We have a Copy of it ourselves — & we are come

to renew it.
Governor — Have you Instructions from your Tribes to renew

the same Treaty ?
Indiana — Yea.

Governor-

mmmmmmm'

674

NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

Cfovernor— Then tis neceaiary that the Treaty be read.

' Accordingly it was read in French & inter-
preted from French into their Language
by Ma|rtin the Indian & Andri the Inter-
im preteij from Minaa.
Do you agree to renew every Article of the Treaty
now read to you?

Indians — Yes
Oovernor — Then I shall

otrder a Parchment to be ready for
you to sign tomorrow, <fe Captain How shall
carry it to ist. Johns to be ratifyd.

/ndiaji— Agreed. j ^ /. r /-. ^ n

Oovernor — -Do you know iwhat became of five ot Capt uor-

ham's Indianjs that were taken at Goat Island ?
Indians — Marin carried tliem to Quebec.
Oovernor — Do you kncjw where diesis is, Capt. Sam's

Brother ?
Indians— At the Trois Rivieres near Quebec.
Oovernor— Do you know >vho killd Capt Gorhams men at the

River St Jol^ns.
/ndions— Three of Passainaquady <fe one of the Penobscot

Indians, whc knew nothing of the Cessation of

Arms.

ED: CORNWALLIS.

Hugh Davidson.

(copy.)

Oovr. Cornvoc^is to Lords of Trade.

ChebuctO; 20th August, 1749.

Mt Lords,— ^ , . , . , j

My last to your Lordships, duplicate of which is enclosed
was by the " Everley." The " Alexander" was ready to sail
next day, and in a few daj's more I should have been able to
have discharged almost all the rest, but such an infinite quan-
tity of Stores came fromLojiiisbourg that I was under an absolute
necessity ot keeping them all for some time, as there was not
any storehouse nor even i shed to cover anything, I thought
it was better to put the ?)tore3 on board the English than to
keep the French Transpijrts, so I employed all the hands I
could get, and all boats ^o discharge the French Ships, this
has greatly retarded ourj principal work and obliges me to
build a great many morej storehouses than otherwise would
have been necessary. Tljiere are more provisions come from

HALIFAX.

675

Louisbourg than all Mr. Townshend has sent. As the Council
of War has found it absolutely necessary to continue Warbnr-
ton's Regiment at least for this Winter upon the same footing
it was upon at Louisbourg, they shall be supplied out of these
Stores of Mr. Baker till I receive further instructions. I
have sent one ship with Ordnance Stores to Annapolis, and I
am building storehouses as fast as possible for the rest.
These things My Lords not only delay our main work but
will make a great addition to the expenses of this year, whe-
ther it is all to be reckoned to the charge of the Colony I
leave to your Lordships consideration. I have contracted for
Frames, materials for Barracks and Officers Lodgings from
Boston. The great drou^rht this season lias raised the price
of boards, planks, and sliingles and the demand from this has
made it higher than ever. I have got no boards under ^64
the 1000 feet. I shall be obliged to furnish a vast number to
help the people to get under cover, indeed they reckon boards
&c. among the materials they have a right to demand.

That the people of New England may not take the advan-
tage of our necessity, I have sent an Officer on purpose to
Boston to see iuto the prices of, buy up what may be suffi-
cient.

Since my last a great many acres have been cleared — The
Town has been marked out, lots drawn and now every one
knows where to build his House, a great manj' houses are
begun, and many Huts, Loghouses <tc already up, for above
half » mile on each side of the Town — But I lieed not trouble
your Lordships with particulars, as Colonel Hopson will give
a more full and exact account of every thing.

From Mr. Brewses Plan enclosed which I should have sent
by my last, your Lordships will see what disposition I have
made for the security of the Town, the extent of it and the
manner of distributing the lots.

A good many people from Louisbourg have settled here and
several from New England and they tell me that above 1000
more desire to come down before Winter. I have ordered all
Vessels in the Government's service to give them their pas-
sage. Mr. How who went with Captain Rous to St. John's
River, returned last Saturday and brought with liim deputies
from the St. John's Indians who have renewed their submis-
sion to His Majesty, and signed articles of Agreement, the
same as in their last treaty in 1726 ; they return by sea this
afternoon with Captain How who goes to have the Treaty
ratified, and carries presents to the Chiefs and to the Tribes.

NOVA SC^ttA fiOCtJMEN-fS.

576

They were some time in] the River St. John before they
saw either French or Indiaifj till a Schooner arrived with pro*
visions, and informed them that the French were further up
the Country with the Indians. Captain Rous took possession
of the schooner and promised to release it upon condition the
master would go and brin^ down to him the French Oflioer.
Accordingly next day two french Officers with a party of 30
Men and 150 Indians appeared on the shore and planted
French Colours within Musjket shot of the Albany. Captain
Rous made them strike thejir Colours directly, delivered my
letter and received an answjer, copy of which is enclosed. He
showed them his Instructiois from M. de la Gallissoniere, but
could not be prevailed on ti give copies, his first orders were
to make a settlement and fqrtify themselves, his last instruc-
tions were oi;!y to prevent the English from settling there till
fiirther order?. ■

Deputies from all the French districts came here the day I
had appointed. In a letterj they gave me as containing the
sentiments of the Inhabitan(t.s, they demand the free and pub-
lic exercise of their religioji with Missionaries as heretofore,
and an entire exemption from Arms, Copy of the declaration
I gave in answer to this letler is enclosed for your Lordships

HALIFAX.

perusal,
Colonel

Masearene sails

to-morrow for Annapolis Royal —
upon his arrival he is to djspatch 100 Men to Minas with a
Blockhouse and provisions for the Winter. It is not easy to
know the designs of these jrench, but one may see what kind
of subjects they are, from tjiieir aversion to swear allegiance
to His Majesty, and from thpir sending to consult the French
Governors, as I am informed they have done.

A French Merchant has i been here with a proposal from
some French Protestants at Martinico, to come here and settle
with their families and effec|ts. I have promised them all en-
couragement and protection, he assures me they are ready to
come, and that I may expect them before Winter. He makes
their fortunes exceed £50,000 Sterling.

A Jew has likewise beeq with me with proi^osals, he goes
to London, and I have relerped him to your Lordships, I send
enclosed a list of the Civil officers I have appointed. I must
submit their Salary to your Lordships.

I am &c.

ED. CORNWALLIS.
The Right Honble.

The Lords for Trade & Plantations.

Govt. CornwaUia to J)uke of Bedford.

577

(copy.)
My Lord,- Chbb0cto, 20th August, 1749.

JSt\ llTnotVshf°rLS"r °'. *^^ ^^^^ ^' '-h- is
Hopson should a rive IVrX ffl°r' "^^''"'^^« <^o'o»el
to keep them all ti^the Prrneh ShL . 'n'">!"'^v»^^«'^^'»'-y
and till such time as I could ffetsSl '°"'\be discharged,
the immense quantity ofS?orihl"?f'L^"''' *° '•«°«ive
Had ^vo had S ore ouses ,v!rW t *"^,''* ^""^ Lonisbourg. ,

would have been ext ^1^^ cZ" Vu'tt '" *'"^*^ «*°'--
ation they have fafen a meat iS ." """^ f^"*^"* situ-
Besides Rogimrfff StL! the.e"s a vis " °"%^^'» ^^-'k.
visions remaining of M Bakers contr.^/i quantity of Pro-
of Ordnance Stolx^s^Yonr GraTS i"1 '"^
must embarrass us imagine how all this

<^^'^'S^t^:'^^^!Z^;:^rr. to inform Your

to build his House. I c,^,l7have ul^"!*!" ^T'' ^''^''^
would have worked for r^L T.. f **! *''^* ^^^ ««ttJers
defence round the To VI but there L° '^'''^ 'JP " ''"'^ °f
do it. I have endeavoured to dTnose tl.e^T?""^'"^ f ''^"^ *°
proper manner to guard against an v!./; !°^f ? *''" """^^
should they begin% be Sb esS Th<FlV' *A\^"^''^'^«
by Ifr. Brewse one of the EndnoPrT/, i 'f1/'^ ^^^ ^"wn
Your Grace will see th^iSer t e s!m "'" V^ " ^ "^^ ^^''•«''
the extent of the Town ind thi J' l''"'"' '''"'^'^ ^^''^'^ lots
order to secure the Jt iSnlt forT"*'"" °*' '^^ ^'^'^V' i"
trouble Your Grace w th TltSl ^ ^"T"",^ ^ »««d »ot

Hopson will give /oVI,exLfacl..l''f''''''l "^ ^'"'°««1

French Deputiei f om aU the Di r "f ''''^' l""'"^"
appointed, they gave me a letf.; li ' T'''^'^ °" ^''^ d*»J
the Sentiments ^ aVtL Inl ahi.lr'' t**'"-^*^''^ ''°«^*'ned
desire the free and n„hL "*'• . ^" *'"« J<^tter they

Missionarys as usual ^ani an "".'nT'' °^ '^''' ''^^^ion, wit(
■They pretend thejare obled t. ^^"•"Pt'"" ^^'^ Arms,
it would be imposiib e for hem to T "f^ '^'' '*^' '^«<'«"««
. took the Oaths^vithout tha riervZTi.it't.^°"i"''^ '^ '^'y
massacre them all. Were this rea^lTihr ^*"^./n'''^"s would
strongest reason in the World S 1 •?•'' '^ "^'""'^ •»« *''«
Maiesty's Subjects i" this P^^iteirZTll^ '^'^' f «'«
-d under ^e same obli^ti^nT d'eyn^ran^oX^^K

I 1

578

sfyi SCOTIA DocDMEjrra,

Colonel Mascarene has been detained here longer tlian T
expected-It is nnp;]s8ible to send Troops to M nKfo e h«
getstoAnnapo.s-I Relieve he will sail t'o-mor/oT

iZSilyStii j2,.. Set 'h' "■'"r° ""^

Offiolr\'r''rr't 't'* ^"^ "°* ''""^ imn,ediatei;-The

Kous-Captn. Rous repeated the order that the Colours should
be struck that ,„stan« which was accordingly done S

Gallisonniere ;

•F

HALIFAX.

579

ment, in the second he countermands this till further Ordorq
but requires them to prevent the English from settling there
-Copy of the Officer's Letter to me is enclosed No. 4 Then
Captn How proposed to the Indian Chiefs to send DepuSes
to wa.t upon the New Governor of the Province and renew
their submission to His Britannic Majesty which after sevS
consultations was unanimously agreed to, and these 13 Indians
I mentioned before were ordered to attend Capt. Howe ?o
^tSZ^:'' ^— -" "^t<=het in toke^n ofT^i^;

A French Merchant has been here and proposed to brine
some Protestant families from Martinico, with their effects ff
I would give them encouragement protection and land -He
has given me a list of their names, with what each of them is
worth-he makes their fortunes amount to above £50 OOoSer
ing. I have promised all kind of Protection and he is gJne
to get a passport at Louisbourg from thence he goes to Ma?
tinico and thinks they s^iall be able to got here before Win er
No. 5 IS a list of the Civil Officers I have appointed.

I am, &,c.,

^'"^''nv rr> A. . I ED. CORNWALLIS.

the Duke of Bedford,

of August" mi'^'^ *"" ^°^"^ '^' "''"^°'"* ""^ °'°'**^*y ^^^ 28

Present.

His Excellency The Governor.
John Horseman, pJohn Salusbury,
Charles Lawrence,^iigh Davidson,
Benj. Green, ^m. Steel.

isqra.

of ^h? miT nf T f'^^'^'^^**'™ ^ published to inforce one
ot the 17th of July against suchXas shall retail spirituous
Liquors without a Licence. & that a'penalty be added of 20s
8t for each offence, to be paid to the^ Informers-* That all
Retailers of Liquors be forbid on th^/'same Penalty to enter
tarn any Company after nine at nightT

Hi8 Excellency read to the Council that Article^ of His Ma

&h !'°f i'^^^**'"^ ^° ^^^ ^^"^"-^l Court,, & proposed

that the same be held as soon as possible for tfie.trial of all

fw°T \'\ '^"^♦^^{'.t Pf 'i'^^l^'-ly Peter Carted for the Mur
ther of Abr. Goodside the 26 Instant.

580

NOVA SCOTIA opcvuEsrs.

HALIFAX.

581

Orderd That the Secretory publisli an Advortisemeiit,
that the General Court will assedble on thursday morning at
ten o'clock at the Storehouse, to try & determine aU causes
Civil or Criminal that shall be brdnght before them.

Orderd That the Provost Marsjial be required to summon
twelve from each Quarter of tU Town of Halifax to attend
The General Court as Jurymen. I ^^ cOENWALLIS.
Hugh Davidson. 1

At a Council held on board tiio Beaufort on monday the-

18th of Septr. 1749. 1

PRESEirr.

His Excellency tjie Governor.

John Horseman, John Salusbury, |

Charles Lawrence, Hugh Davidson, V Lsqrs.

Benjamin Green, Wm. Steel, )

Capt. Jo. Rous, Commander of His Mys. Sloop Albany.

His Excellency read two Leltcrs from Minas, one from
Capt. Jo. Handiield, another frU Lieut. Glazier, informing
him of two vessels having beeij^ attacked by the Indians at
Chinecto—belonging to Messrs. Ponnol & Wiuniet— that three
Englishmen were killed & seve^i Indians-As it was known
that Leutre the Priest had been !some time with the Indians,
& it being highly probable thatj he is there on purpose to
excite them to War, It was thfe Unanimous Opinion of the
Council that a Letter be sent to [M. Desherbiers, Govr. of Cap
Breton to recall Le Leutre. & t<) tell him that if any French
subject enter this Province withput permission & Joi» the In-
dians, It must bo looked upon asi a breach of foith & Friend-
shin of which His Britannic Majesty should be informed.

It was the Unanimous Opinioiji of the Council tha tiio dispo-
sition could be made of the Tro6ps to greater advantage than
what they are in at present, 4 That it would be very im-
prooer to arm all the Settlers.-^ut it was resolved that the
Ordnance Artificers, with those |from New England, & such ot
the Settlers as have been in the! .irmy be armed.

Orderd, That the Naval Officcjsr take bonds of every Mastei

. of a Vessel of Je50 st. for every Settler they shall carry out ot

the Colony without the Govern<|r's l^i-^--co^j,^^LLI&,

HoGH Davidson.

At a Council held on board the Beaufort on Sunday the Ist

of Oct., 1749,

Present-

His Excellency the Governor,
John Horseman, John Gorham,

Charles Lawrence, Ben: Green,

Edward How, Jo. Salusbury,

Hugh Davidson.

The Council assembled to take into consideration the late
Hostilitys committed by Indians of this Province at Canso,
Chinecto, & yesterday at the Sawmill upon this Harbour.

They were of opinion that to declare War against them would
be in some sort to own them a free people, whereas they
ought to be looked on as Rebels to His Majesty's Government,
or as so many Banditti Ruffians — <fe treated accordingly. —
They therefore came unanimously to the following resolutions :

That His Excellency give orders to the Commanding Officers
at Anijapolis Royal, Minas & all others within the Province,
to annoy, distress <fc destroy the Indians every where.

That a Premium be promised of ten Guineas, for every
Indian killed or taken Prisoner.

That another Independent Company be raised with all
expedition, not exceeding one hundred men, under the com-
mand of Major Oilman, this Company to be upon the same
footing as Capt. Gorhams as to pay & provisions.

That Mr. Wm. Clapliam be directed to raise a company of
Volunteers in this Settlement, who may scour all the Country
round the Bay, who shall have the same pay & provisions as
the troops here & the reward of ten Guineas for every Indian
they shall take or destroy.

That a further present not exceeding 1000 Jjushels of Corn
be sent to the St. Johns Indians,— That Capt.'Handfield have
orders to buy up at Minas 500 bushels of Wheat which should
be made into Biscuit <fe 500 bushels of Pease— to be ready to .
be shiped as soon as possible.

„ ' ED: CORNWALLIS.

Hugh Davidson.

A Proclamation.

By His Excellency Edward Cornwallis Bsqr. Captain
General & Governor in Chief in and over the Pro-
vince of Nova Scotia or Accadie.
Whereas, notwithstanding the gracious offers of friendship .

> ■ 1

582

NOVA SCOTIA vocmiEsrs.

and protection made in his Majpsty's name by Us to the In-
dians inhabiting this Province, ihe Mic-macks have of late in
a most treacherous manner takejn 20 of his Majesty's subjects
prisoners at Canso, and carried oflf a Sloop belonging to Bos-
ton, and a Boat from this Settlfcment, and at Chinecto basely
and under pretence of friendship and commerce attempted to
seize two English Sloops and mfivder their crews, and actually
killed several, and on Saturday jthe 30th of September a body
of these savages fell upon somi men cutting wood and with-
out Arms near the Saw Mill, ai^d barbarously killed four and
carried away one.

For these causes we, by and With the advice and consent of
his Majesty's Council, do hereby authorize and command all
Officers Civil and Military, and! uU His Majesty's Subjects or
others to annoy, distress, take! or destroy the savages com-
monly called Mic-macks wliereter they are iound, and all such
as are aiding and assisting theiji ; and we further by and with
the consent and advice of His Majesty's Council do promise a
reward of Ten Guineas for every Indian, Mic-mack, taken or
killed to be paid upon producing such savage taken or his
scalp (as is the custom of America) if killed, to the Officers
commanding at Halifax, AnnapQlis Royal or Minas.

Given at Halifax, the second day of October, one
thousand seven hundred and forty nine and in
the twenty third year of His Majesty's Reign.

God save the King.

At a Council held in The Governors Apartment at Halifax
on Saturday the 14th of Octr., L749,

Pbesi!nt —
His Excellencj the Governor,

John Salusbury,
Hugh Davidson,
Wm. Steel.

John Horseman,
Charles Lawrence,
Benj : Green,

Orderd, a Proclamation to ije published, with a promise of
ten pounds st. reward to whojever shall discover the person
or persons that assaulted Rogeb Sowdon the Constable, & like

■ wise a pardon to any of the accomplices that shall discover

.the rest.

BAUFAX.

583

Resolved, That the Justices of peace upon the Death of any
person, be empowered to name so many of the neighborhood
or Quarter (not exceeding twelve) to which the Deceased
belonged, to attend his or her Burial, & carry the Corpse to
the Grave — That whatever person so named who shall refuse
to attend without a sufficient reason, shall immediately have
his name rased out of the Mess Books & Register of .Settlers,
as unworthy of His Majesty's Bounty. ^

ED: CORNWALLIS.

(copy.)

Govt. Cornwallis to Lords of Trade.

Chebucto, 11 Sept. 1749.
My Lords, —

My last to your Lordships was by Colonel Hopson who
would give you an exact account of all our proceedings to
that time. Since he sailed the troops have been employed in
carr3'ing the line of palissades round the town according to
the Plan sent your Lordships. The Square at the top of the
Hill is finished these squares are done with double piquets
each piquet ten foot long and six inches thick, they likewise
clear a space of .30 ft. without the line and throw up the
Trees by way of Barricade ; when this work is completed I
shall think the town as secure against Indians as if it was
regularly fortified. I have intelligence from Cape Breton and
all parts of this province that the Micmacs design to make
some attempts against this Settlement they are joined by
the St. Johns Indians and headed by one Leutre a French
Priest. Tlie 19th of August they took 20 Englishmen Pri-
soners at Canso, five of them were settlers that went in a
schooner to make Hay the rest were from Boston on the same
errand — As soon as the schooner returned with this news, I
sent two armed Vessels with Soldiers on board to recover the
Prisoners and protect our Men while they bring oft" all the
Hay they can, a thing absolutely necessary for the Winter.
One of these A''essels is to proceed through the Gut of Canso
and visit all the Ports in those parts and bring me back all the
intelligence lie can. I gave tlie Officer particular instructions
to avoid quarrel with the Indians if possible. The Indians
carried their prisoners to Louisbourg the 29th. Monsr. Des-
herbiers sent sixteen of them here, and put the other four on
board their own vessel then in Louisbourg Harbour. The In-

584

NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

ill

dians pretend they did this bedause a New England man who
had ransomed his Vessel of tl^em for £100 and left his sod
hostage never returned to them tho' Colonel Hopson advanced
him the money. I have wrotel to Boston to have this exam-
ined and have the Master one Eilingwood taken up. The
french are certainly doing every thing in their power to ex-
cite the Indians to molest us. "Not one Indian has appeared
in this Bay for some weeks by hast. I heard to'ther day from
an OflScer (a settler) at Minaa that they are all colleagued
with Leutre who is sent wii h the French presents. Tis
firmly my opinion, my Lords, that if the Indians do begin wo
ought never to make peace with them again. It will bo very
practicable with an addition of force by sea and land to root
them out entirely ; this would have another effect entirely con-
sequence. It would take from i,he French Inhabitants the only
pretext tiiey have for refusing to be quite upon the same foot-
ing with the English — could wrt once depend on their fidelity I
take it this would be the strongeiit Colony His Majesty possesses.

The french deputies have l>een with us this week, they
csime as tiiey said witii their final answer, your Lordships will
see from the enclosed Copy of :heir I>etter which was signed
by a thousand Inhabitants, tl^t they are, or say they are,
resolved to retire, rather than take the Oath of Allegiance.
As I am sure they will nol) leave their Habitations this
Season, when the letter was read to ti»e Council in their
presence I made thero answer without changing any tl)ing of
my former Declaratioii or sayin j one word abont it. My view
is to make them as useful as [ossible to His Majesty while
they do stay. If afterwards th^y are still obstinate and refuse
tho Oath I shall receive in Spring His Majesty's further
Instructions from your Lordships. As they staj'ed to have
copies of my answer in writing I saw them in the afternoon
by myself and exhorted them i o be faithfnl to His Majesty, to
renounce all connection with I'rance, and give all the assis-
tance in thefr power to this Colony, as what must turn out
greatly for their interest, they went home in good humour
promising great things.

This day I reckon the Deiachment from Annapolis will
arrive at Minas, tho' Colonel Mascarene was there the 24th of
August they could not march sjoouer— the management in that
Regiment has been so shameful that 'tis almost incredible —
there never was such another ifk any service ; it is ray business
to make it better and rectify toast errors — I "liave ordered a
Company to come overland to vhebucto.

HALIFAX.

583

This day Captain Gorham with his Company is gone to
establish himself at the head of the Bay in order to keep open
in all events the communication with Minas, and command the
Bay, I have sent an armed vessel to assist him and materials
of all kinds for Barracks, &c.

The ship from Liverpool arrived the 30th of August with
116 settlers, they have already cleared a spot for their Houses,
two streets being added for them.

There were victualled last week 1574 Settlors, hitherto my
Lords every thing goes on very well indeed, much better than
could have been expected, the settlers of late behave very
decently.

I send your Lordships an account of the trial of Peter
Cartcel tor murder, we endeavoured to follow as near as pos-
sible tho English Laws and Customs, we may have fjiiled in
form, but the substance and design of the laws was ctsrtainly
observed.

I must urge it with your Lordships to have some Sloops of
Force sent here as early as possible without which it will bo
absolutely impossible to hinder the intercourse with the Set-
tlements of French and tho exportation of provisions, live
Stock, or what they please.

I am, (fee,

The Right Honble.

The Lords Commissioners
for Trade <fe Plantations.

ED. CORNWALLIS.

(COPY.)

Governor VornicaUis to Duke of Bedford.
,, , y Chebucto, 11 September, 1749.

My last of August 20th would be delivered by Colonel
Hopson who would give your Grace a particular account of
our proceedings to that time.

Since he sailed Tho Troops have been constantly employed
in carrying on the line of Pallisades round the Town— One of
the Square Forts, that upon tiio Hill, is finished ; they like-
wise clear a space 30 feet wide without the line, and throw up
the Trees by way of barricade — When this woi'k is finished I
shall reckon the town secure against all attempts the Indians
can make. I have intelligence from all parts of this province
& from C. Breton that the Indians of Acadie <fe .St. Johns

586

HOTA SCOTIJl DOCUMENTS.

Island, headed by Leutre design to molest U8 this winter—
The french do every thing in :their power to excite them to
'u Settlers dont seem at all alarmed. All precautions

that can be thought of are taken for their security. Those
that build their houses without the Town have arms given
them, and their Houses are mostly Logliouses musket proof.

I have likewise armed suph of the Settlers as I can
trust with arms, within the to(wu. Lamps are ordered from
Boston to light the Streets tlje winter nights. Captain Gor-
ham IS gone with his Company to the head of the Bay to
remain there all winter— He carried with him his materials of
all kinds for Barracks— I hate ordered one of the armed
Sloops to assist him— There he will command the wjiole Bay
and secure the communication! with Minas— The Detachment
ordered from Annapolis is not yet arrived there, tho' Colonel
Mascarene got to Annapolis tlie 24th of August. My Lord,
these Companies are as prepared for service as a Regiment
raised yesterday. The whole management in this Province
both with regard to the Inhabitants and these Companies has
been such that tis scandalous the Crown should be so served.
It has been called an English Province these thirty four
years and I don't believe that the King had one true subject
without the Fort of Annapolis. I cannot trace the least
glimpse of an English Goverhment. I cannot help saying
that General Phillips deserve(^ tiie highest punishment for
what he did here— his allowiiigj a reserve to the Oath of Alle-
giance his receiving money for {public works without disburs-
ing one penny particularly forj Canso where private Men at
their own charges were oblige^ to provide Magazines for the
stores, his never allowing the Regiment half their clothing, I
am told not one of them ever hkd a knapsack or Haversack.

I will not tire your Grace wifh further particulars but will
endeavour to rectify past errors— The Lieut. Coll. was in
fault to suflFer so many abuses jthat he himself complains of,
but is worn out and has been hjmself abused by every Officer
in the Fort from the Captain to the Ensign— I have ordered a
Company to come over land to ^hebucto, and were it not for
the difficulty of getting tiiemi under cover before winter I
would send for one or two mori— I reckon 200 men sufficient
for that Fort at present. Allovv me to tell your Grace that in
my opinion, the only way to majce this Colony sure and stable
18 to send more force both by sqa & land. It is such an eye
sore to the French that your Giface may be assured they will
use all endeavours to prevent iti

ALTFAZ.

587

The French Deputies have been here a third time. A
Council was called to receive their final answer and resolution
—They delivered me a letter signed by one thousand Inhabi-
tants copy of which your Grace will receive enclosed, with
the answer I made them in Council— I saw them afterwards
by myself and talked much to them to convince them it was
their interest to be entirely English, they went away promis-
ing great things. If they keep their words I shall have tho
pleasure of informing Your Grace by the next Ship— In case
they should continue obstinate I shall desire to have further
Instructions how to behave towards them.

»*#♦»« ^ general Court was held the 31st of
August in one of the Storehouses, for the trial of one Peter
Cartel for murder, the Saturday before ho had stabbed the
Boatswain's Mate of the Beaufort who died upon the spot,
and wounded two men that endeavoured to seize him. I en-
close an account of the Trial, having endeavoured to keep as
near to the English Customs as possible. The Shi{> from
Liverpool arrived 30 August after a passage ot nine weeks
with 116 Settlers there was not one person sick on board-
Two streets were immediately added for them.

Of late the Settlers in general behave very well, the Jus-
tices and Overseers do their duty and I hear of no complaints
. of riots, mutiny or disobedience.

I am &c.

His Grace the

Duke of Bedford.

ED. CORNWALLIS.

Lords of Trade and Plantations to Oovernor CornwaUis.

Whitehall, 16th October, 1749.
Bib,—

We have received your several letters to us dated the
22nd June, the 24 of July, the 20th of August, and the 11th
of September last, and as this is the first day of our meeting
together after a very long adjournment, so it is the first oppor-
tunity we have had of answering them.

Your rmtting into Chebucto and not sailing for Annapolis
Royal as your Instructions directed, was a very happy circum-
stance, as it prevented many ill consequences which must
necessarily have happened had the Settlers arrived in the
Harbour before you. Your conduct herein as well as m
sending to Boston for transports to bring the Garrison from

588

NCJVA SCOTIA DOCPMENTS.

< (

«iti<m of wliX ,,„ T?. """n"!- 'I'e situation and clisno-

Indians, antf wo areXfied ZT"''' l'"^' ""^T*^ "^ *''«
mpnf- or .,.fn 'J' e satisued that tlie makine- another settle-

groat dan^geStT^lSni'^^'^ '''"'''' *''" ^^^'^ *°
Council a? ll^l"'?!^/"""" <^°'"'»'««ion and appointing your
approbation ami L3l P.r-""^ appointed, haVe our entire

Settlcmenl wX ■'r "='»f6»il to tlie account of tlio
yo rS rf^L 20°tl?bf°Z''' 'r "■fi',I'»','l»l'il» tNe part of

HALIFAX.

589

Your reasons for not discharging the Transports so soon as
you say you intended, are very good ones, and af the same
time we have the satisfaction of assuring you that their re-
turn was much sooner than we expected.

The supplying the Settlers with Boards Ac which they had
no foundation to expect, must certainly if found necessary be
attended with expence ; but however that may be your sending
to Boston to enquire into the Prices was a very necessary mea-
sure, and your care and caution much to be commended, as well
as your impartial distribution of each man's habitation by lot,
which we doubt not must give great satisfaction to the people.

We are very glad to hear that such numbers of people are
preparing to come down from New England, and we approve
the measure you have taken to enable them to get a ready
passage ; and as every acquisition of people will be an acqui-
sition of strength, we are inclined to hope that the design of
the French Protestants from Martinico to settle with you may
likewise take effect.

We are also glad to find that the Indians of St. John's River
have so willingly submitted to His Majesty's Government and
renewed their treaty, and as they are the most powerful in
those parts we hope their example may either awe or influ-
^ce other inferior tribes to the like compliance.

We desire you will as soon as you conveniently can send ub
■an account of what stores, utensils, «fec you have actually
received, to the end that by comparing that with the account
of what has been sent from hence, we may be enabled to
judge whether any embezzlement may have been made, or
whether those persons who have contracted for the purchase
of them have duly fulfilled their engagements.

We greatly approve your conduct in sending Captain Rous
to the River St Johns ; and as we have laid all your letters be-
fore His Grace the Duke of Bedford, we doubt not but you will
receive from him His Majesty's further pleasure in this affair.

The depredations committed by the Indians in seizing His
Majesty's subjects at Canceau give us great concern, we
doubt not but that this proceeding, as well as the obstinacy of
the French in refusing to take the Oaths of Allegiance spring
from the same cause, vizt. the indirect practices and influence
of the French of Canada, and we cannot but look on such mea-
sures and especially the sending presents to the Indians within
His Majesties territories, as very unjustifiable and calculated
to disturb the peace of His Majesties subjects and government.

Your conduct however in this as well as in all other points,

A }

ggQ NOVA SikOTTA DOCUMENTS.

«ve8 U9 the greatest satisfaction. Tlie measures yon have
fak«n to time the settlement from the Indians, and your
taken to seoui o "« ' atreressors are much to

caution to our »-» P«¥jj^° ,*° sho«U&e the first blow
^^willTe^S be"p ope ttt'Te; should severely feel your
rnlment Is to your opinion however of never hereafter

in a dangerous spirit of resentment.

With reSrd to the French Inhabitants, the answer yon
ha^egiven^to their letters is extremely just -n-i F^P^r,

AahJ^M thev hold their resolution of desertmg the pro-
vince si art ceSinly 'n the right to make them as use ul

fnTvefy^nt. So we bid you heartily farewell, and are
Your very loving Friends,

DUNK HALIFAX ♦

FRAN: FANE,

J. PITT.

DUPPLIN,

J. GRENVILLB.

The Honble. Colonel Ccjmwallis,
Governor of Nova S<rotia.

HALIFAX.

591

•K- > i,,i of Hali&x was the only son of the second
. George Montagne, th"^ »"' f afmi^ed in 1741 Mis. Anne Dunk, a
Earl, whom he succeeded in "^9. He i^rm°.^ j^at of Montague,

rich heiress, and assumed *^,' iy^^^y^:^^,J\^e and PUntMions in 1718,

Chebucto.— 0»nin»' Pteragt.

i\V

Oovr. CornmUia to Lwds of Trade & Plantation.

Halifax, 17th October, 1749.
My Lobds, —

I acquainted you in my last I was apprehensive that the
Indians called Micmacks in this Peninsula encouraged and set
on by the French would give us trouble as all my accounts
from Capo Breton denoted it, and more that they would attack
the settlement— these Micmacks include the Cape Sable, bt.
John's Island, Cape Breton and all inhabiting the Peninsula.
De Lutre a Priest sent over from France as Missionary to the
Micmacks is with them, a-good-for-nothing scoundrel as ever
lived— what they have done hitherto is as follows, first taking
a Vessel with sixteen or eigliteen men at Canso sent trom
Boston to cut Hay, with 4 men I sent m a vessel from
Chebucto; the men Mr. Desherbier returned, but not the
Vessel The next was an attack upon a vessel at Chickenecto,
where they killed three men -eight Indians went on board
to traffic in a friendly manner tried to demolish the Crew
upon surprise, here luckily seven out of the eight Indiana
were killed or desperately wounded, and we had only three.
The next that happened was at Chebucto, six men were sent
out by Major Oilman idly without arms to c«t wood tor the
Mill he had erected, they lay in ambusli, killed four men,
carried off one, the other escaped and gave the alarm upon
which I f ent a detachment, they soon made off, cut ott the
heads of two and scalped one. I had a guard at the Mill, they
did not choose to attack, these scoundrels will be troublesome.
I summoned a Council next day who deliberated what was to bo
done and all agreed that the most advisable method was to
harass them by getting Rangers to scour the ^0°^=^ and dis-
tress them in our turn; the resolution of the Council I send
vou will show what part has been taken to bring these
rascals to reason, which I hope you wiU approve with-
out whi(.h there will be no living. Now my Lords 1
must beg you to consider the source trom whence this
flows-certiinly from the French. When I first arrived I
made known to these Micmacks His Majesty's gracious inten-
tions of cultivating Amity and Friendship with them, exhort-
ing them to assemble their Tribes that I would treat with
them and deliver the presents the King my Master had sent
them, they seemed weU inclined some keeping amongst us
trafficing and well pleased; no sooner was the evacuation ol
Louisbourg made and De Lutre the French Missionary sent

592

NOVA SCOUlA DOCUMENTS.

among them, they vanished afid have not been with as since.
1 have sent you my letter to iMr. Desherbier upon that head.
Tlie St. John's Indians I madje peace with, and urn glad to find
by your Lordships letter of the let of August it is agreeable
to your way of thinking theij- making submission to the King
before I would treat with thfjm, as the articles are word for
word the same as the Treaty you sent me made at Casco Bay,
1725, and confirmed at Annapolis, 1726. I intend if possible
to keep up a good correspondence with the St. John's Indians
a warlike people, tho' treaties With Indians are nothing, nothing
but Force will prevail. The trench of this Peninsula His Ma'
jesty's Subjects behave stran^ ely, insisting upon the reserve of
not carrying Arms or not taking the Oaths,and leaving the Coun*
try; leaving the Couutry is bad, as it strengthens the Enemy.
But my Lords in my poor opir ion, better it should happen than
yield to them, you have a secret, I fear an inveterate enemy
preying upon your Bowels masked, but rotten at bottom, whom
no lenity can please, nor an ^'thing but severity or greater
power awe and bring them to their duty and allegiance. Tho
settlement I am sent to make is sore to France, it touches
thom to the quick and believe me my Lords they will leave no
stone unturned to render it iiJeftectual. permit it not. I have
got such footing that I will sitand pied ferme, but my Lords
this is not all proposed, you are to extend all your settlements
and make Nova Scotia your own, this without greater force
will be a length of time (if at all effected) with it but short,—
with two Regts. more, I will venture to make Nova Scotia in
four years His Majesty's to al| intents and purposes great and
more flourishing than any par^ of North America ; as 'it stands
at present naked and exposed] in its very infancy I will call it
more valuable than Cape Breton, ten times more; give it the
Walls and Forts that a thirty Jyears work established without
them in two years I will de£je the power of France as to the
Town of Halifax, but more, mich more, might be done to make
Nova Scotia yours. I have n(jw done my duty in laying before
you my thoughts, you will follow what soems to your Lordships
and the ministry most advisable. Expenco will attend it,
without which nothing is to bje done : the only consideration is
whether it will repay and ani|wer the ends proposed. There
are now three hundred Houses covered in at Halifax which I
hope will be tolerably comfortable for the winter, that got over
what may not be expected fro|n another summer, when this lias
been efiected in three montl^s time. Let me beseech you
therefore to consider the importance of the undertaking, and

ttALWAX.

5:93

hol let it drop for want of a sufficient supply and force to pro'
lect it both by Sea and Land. Consider it not (as too many
\\nll do) as an airy project— Yo« have nothing to liwk f jr,
you are in possession of a valuable ti'easnro, that nothing but
superior force can take from you>

The accounts of disbnrsements as far as they have hitherto
gone will be sent you, they will I fear appear great, greater
than I could wish, bat be assured my Lords nothing has been
idly thrown away, nothing embezzled nor no part perverted
to private use or indirect purposes, but laid out as well as ray
onderstanding would direct rae for public and national
service^

I am, &c.,
inie Right Honble. ED: CORNWALLI&

The Lords Commissioners for Trade & Plantations.

<COPt>)

Governor {jermoaUia to Duke of "Bedfvird.

My Lorix— Halifax, 17th October, 1749,

The French have begun their usnal game— their Mis^
sionary to the Indians De Centre, the same that led them be>
fore Annapolis lloyak has once more persuaded them to begin
hostilities. In ray last I informed Your Grace that they had
taken 20 Englishmen prisoners at Canso— Septr. 8 at Chinecto
they attempted to seize two Sloops, having gone on board
■with their Furs as if to traffic as usual, and pretending peace
and great friendship with the English-^Septr. 30 they killed 4
teen that were cutting wood near Major Gilman's Sawmill, and
carried off one, I summoned the Council next day, who came
unanimously to the following resolutions.

That in their opinion to declare War against them would be
in a manner te oWn them a free and independent people,
whereas they ought to be Ueated as so many bandit Ruffians
■or rebels to His M^'esty's Government.

That in order to secare the Province from further attempts
from the Indians some effectual method should be taken to
{>Brsue them to their Haunts and show them that afler such
actions they shall not be secare within the Province,

That a Company of Volunteers not exceeding fifty men bo
immediately raised in the Settlement to scour the Woods all
rouad the Towa,

•^1^

59i

NOVA SCOTIA qOCDMENTS,

That a Company of one liundied men be raised in New
England to join with Gorham's during the Winter and go over
the whole province.

That a further present of 1000 Bushejs of Corn be sent to
the St Johns Indians to confirm them in their good disposi-
■ tions towards the English — That a reward of ten guineas bo
granted for every Indian taken oi killed.

In consequence to these re.soliitions, instead of a Declara-
tion of War, the enclosed Proclamation was published here,
at Annapolis and Minas.

Captn. Clapham raised in three days 70 volunteers, out of
whom he has chosen fifty and has begun to scour the Woods
about the Town, while Gorliam sends out Detachments all
round the Bay.

Major Oilman is gone to Piscataqua to raise a Company of
100 men, and has engaged to return before December.

I have ordered the Corn to be bought at Minas. Mr. Howe
is to carry it to St J.ohns, and has instructions to try to bring
over some of their tribe to go ags inst the Micmacs.

These My Lord, are the steps taken for the security of the
Province for the present — I have wrote my sentiments fully
to the Lords of Trade with regar 1 to the further settlement
of this Province and its future defence, which as it will ma-
turely come before your Grace, 1 shall not trouble you with a
repetition.

I must mention one thing to "i'our Grace and desire your
Instructions about it — Ca])tn. jrorham has brought two
Schooners hero hired by Governo- Shirley during the War to
be under the direction of the Man of War stationed upon the
Coast, and in their absence of the Commander in Chief of the
Province. They are at a most extravagant hire one being
£94 the other ,£91 per mouth besides above <£90 a year for
Whale Boats. I am told that the bills for the payment of
these Schooners have been prot(|sted. As s<ion as I knew
upon what footing they were I told Captn. Gorham that I
would not meddle with them upon any account. I beg leave
to refer Your Grace to Governor Suirley for further particulars.

Enclosed is copy of my letter to M. Desherbiers with
regard to the English Sloop carried into Cape Breton and De
Leutres being in this Province wjthout i)erraiasion, and Copy
of a letter from the Micmacs of i Cape Breton probably dic-
tated by their Missionary.

As to the Settlement every thii g goes on well, about 300
Houses are covered. Two of the Ports are finished, and the

HALrPAX.

595

barricade carried all round the Town. The Posts of the liead
of the Bay and Minas are made secure. I have ordered a
Detachment of General Philips to re;a^in in the former that
Gorham with his Company may scour the Country

About thirty of the French inhabitants have been em-
p oyed in the works hero for some weeks— some of them have
Ukewise cut a road from the Head of the Bay to the Town.

lara&c.

^''■'' n , . ,, , ^^- CORXWALLIS.

the Duke of Bedford, &c., &c.

Esqrs.

Minutes of Council, Halifax.

At a Council hold in the Governor's Appartmeut on mondav
JNovr. b, 1 (49 •'

Present —
His Excellency the Governor
Charles Lawrence, John Salusbury,
John Gorliam, Hugh Davidson,

Benj. Green, William Steel.

Captain Gorham presented to His Excellency in Council a-
Memorial, representing the Hardships he lay under bv not
being regularly paid either upon accompt of His Company
or for his Vessels that had been hired into the Service b'v
Govr Shirley & desiring that His Excellency & the Council
would advise him what method he should take in order to be
reimbursed for considerable sums expended in this Province in
His Majesty's Service. Copys of the A^)uchers annexed to the
memorial were read, <fe it was unanimously resolved to recom-
mend Capt. Gorham's case to His Grace The Duke of Bedford.

Unlord, Ihat a Proclamation be issued to forbid the cut-
ting down or barking any more Trees within the Forts &
barricades, but to preserve those that remain as an ormament
& shelter to the Town.

Orderd, That a Proclamation be published, Requiring all
lersoiis to assist the Civil Magistrates in the Execution of thei
Duty, or their officers, upon pain of Fine & Imprisonment.

Orderd, That a Proclamation be issued declaring that
whatever 1 erson or persons shall be convicted of stealing or
destroying Oxen, Cows, Sheep, Goats, Hogs or Fowls shall be
punished according to the utmost rigor of the Laws of England

„ „ ED : CORNWALLIS.

Hugh Davidson,

I ,'
M

594

NOVA SCOTIA

DocuMEirra.

That a Company of one hurdred men be raised in New
England to join with Gorham's Juring the Winter and go over
the whole province.

That a further present of 1000 Bushels of Corn be sent to
the St Johns Indians to confirn them in their good disposi-
• tions towards the English — That a reward of ten guineas be
granted for every Indian taken or killed.

In con.sequence to these resolutions, instead of a Declara-
tion of War, the enclosed Proclamation was published here,
at Annapolis and Minas.

Captn. Clapham raised in thrne days 70 volunteers, out of
whom he has chosen fifty and his begun to scour the Woods
about the Town, while Gorliaii sends out Detachments all
round the Bay.

Major Oilman is gone to Piscataqua to rai.'ie a Company of
100 men, and has engaged to return before December.

I have ordered the Corn to hd bought at Minas. Mr. Howe
is to carry it to St J.ohns, and has instructions to try to bring
over some of their tribe to go atainst the Slicmacs.

These My Lord, are the steps [taken for the security of the
Province for tlie present — I havlj wrote my sentiments fully
to the Lords of Trade with regi.rd to the further settlement
of this Province and its future defence, which as it will ma-
turely come before your Grace, [ shall not trouble you with a
repetition.

I must mention one thing to Your Grace and desire your
Instructions about it--Captn. Gorham has brought two
Schooners here hired by Govern ar Shirley during the War to
be under the direction of the M; n of War stationed uj)on the
Coast, and in their absence of the Commander in Chief of the
Province. They are at a most extravagant hire one being
j£94 the other £91 per month b jsides above £90 a year for
Whale Boats. I am told that the bills for the payment of
these Schooners have been protested. As soon as I knew
upon what footing they were I told Captn. Gorham that I
would not meddle with them upon any account. I beg leave
to refer Your Grace to Governor lihirlcy for further particulars.

Enclosed is copy of my letter to M. Desherbiers with
regard to the English Sloop carr ed into Cape Breton and De
Leutres being in this Province ivithont permission, and Copy
of a letter from the Micmacs of Cape Breton probably dic-
tated by their Missionary.

As to the Settlement every th ng goes on well, about 300
Houses are covered. Two of thi^ Forts are finished, and the

H.VLIPAX.

595

I (

barricade carried all round the Town. The Posts of the head
of the Bay and Minas are made secure. I have ordered a
Detachment of General Philips to remain in the former Jhat
Gorham with lus Company raaj' scour the Country.

About thiiiy of the French inhabitants have been em-
ployed in th(V works hero for some weeks — some of them have
likewise cut/a road from the Head of the Bay to the Town.
/ I am <fec.

His Grace
the D

kc of Bedford, <fec., <fec.

ED. CORXWALLIS.

Minutes of Council, Halifax.

At a Council hold in the Governor's Appartment on monday
Novr. 6, 1749

Present —

His Excellency the Governor

Charles Lawrence, John Salusbury,
John Gorham, Hugh Davidson,

Benj. Green, William Steel.

Esqrs.

Captain Gorham presented to His Excellency in Council a"
Memorial, representing the Hardships he lay under by not
being regularly paid either u[)on accompt of His Company
or for his Vessels that had been hired into the Service by
Govr. Shirley, & desiring that His Excellency <fe the Council
would advise him what method he tbould take in order to be
reimbursed for considerable sums expended in this Province in
His Majesty's Service. Copys of the Vouchers annexed to the
memorial were read, & it was unanimously resolved to recom-
mend Ca[)t. Gorham's case to His Grace The Duke of Bedford.

Orderd, That a Proclamation be issued to forbid the cut-
ting down or barking any more Trees within the Ports, <fe
barricades, but to preserve those that remain as an ormament
& shelter to the Town. ^

Orderd, That a Proclamation be published, Requiring all
Persons to assist the Civil Magistrates in the Execution of thei
Duty, or their ofticers, upon pain of Fine <fc Imprisonment.

Orderd, That a Proclamation be issued declaring that
whatever Person or persons shall be convicted of stealing or
destroying Oxen, Cows, Sheep, Goats, Hogs or Fowls shall be
punished according to the utmost rigor of the Laws of England.

j ED: CORNWALLIS.
Hdgh Davidson, I

mggmmmmmmm

596

NOVA sccrtrii. nocOTfENTS.

At a Council held at The GoverDors on Wednesday the ftb
<rf Deer., 1749,

Pl^BSENT—

His Excdleijcy the Governor.

diaries Lawrencje,
Benj. Green,
John Salnsbury,

Hugii Davidson,
William 8teel,

His Excellency acquainted the Council that he had sum^
moned them to consult with them concerning the forming
Bucb of the Settlers as are! able to bear arms into a Militia,
into Companys according to the several quarters of the Town.

The Council were unanimously of Opinion That to form the
Settlers into a Militia, will bfc of the greatest consequence to
this Settlement,

Resolved, that a Proclamation be issued, ordering all Sot'
tiers from sixteen to sixty yqars of Age, to assemble upon the
Parade on Sunday after ditine Service, & draw up in the
Order following.

Those of the Quarters ol Ilwer <fe Collier to feco the Harbor.

Those of the quarters of Galland A Foreman to face tha
Citadel.

Those of Mr. Callenders Division at oiie End of the Parade.

Orderd, a Proclamation to be publislied to tins effect to-
morrow at Noon.

Messrs. Green, Salusbury <S; Davidson were named as a Com^
mittee to examii>e the I^aws 4f the Plantations <fe their Regula'
tions with regard to the General Court & County or Inferior
Courts, & to give iit their Relx>rt as soon as possiWe.

Hugh Datidsoh,

ED: CORNWALLIS.

At a Council held at the C bvernors oa Satttrday afternooa
the IGtb of Dtecr., 1749, | ■ .

pRiajfT—

Hi9 Excdlencp- The Cfovernor,

Cap*. Jo- Robs, Jdin Horseman, Jolro Safffshnrry,
Charles Lawretice, Hugh Davidsou,
Kerf. Gr^n, Wilra. SteeL

His Exeefleuscy read ta tli^ Council » Letter from I^eut,

Id*'

HALIFAX.

597

Governor Phipps & one enclosed from Major J. H. Lydius at
Albany, giving Intelligence of The Governor of Canadas having
sent two vessels to Baye Verte with 600 men under the com-
mand ot Ms. Le Come & Lemmerie, with ammunition <fe stores
of all kinds proper for a Winters Expedition, That it was
believed they were designed against Halifax, That they were
likewise aasembliug as many Canada Indians as possible. His
Excellency observed that these 600 French were probably
the Detachments mentioned in M. Joiiquiers letter & that he
coud not think that the French in open violation of Faith &
treat)'s woud march against any of the Forts made since his
Arrival, but notwithstanding, He was of opinion that it was
best to act so as to be secure against all Events, & therefore
had assembled the Council to consult with them, if they
could think of anytliing that could be done for the further
security of the Town. That at this Season, He coud think
of nothing that coud be done, unless the Settlers woud join
together & fell down all the Trees round tlie Town without
the Lines.

Which being unanimously approved of. It was Resolved
that to-morrow, It be represented to the Settlers, that for
the further Security of the Town, It would be necessary
that they employ some days in felling the wood without the •
Lines as far as they can — His Excellency having Intelli-
gence that the Indians assembled in great numbers design to
attack it.

Orderd, that a Proclamation be issued early in the morn-
ing requiring the Settlers to assemble upon the Parade after
divine Service, His Excellency having somewhat of Importance
to communicate to them.

It being represented to the Council That the Masters of the
Transports had for their own advantage discharged the
greatest part of their men. Resolved That an order be sent
to the masters of the several Transports in His Majestys Ser-
vice in this Harbour, to man their ships to the full complement
mentioned in their Contracts, without loss of time. That they
will soon be musterd, <fe whoever shall not have his comple-
ment of men according to contract, shall have his Contract
forfeited, <fe have his Behaviour represented to the Commis-
sioners of the Navy.

That no Settler shall bo taken on board on any Pretence •
whatever.

ED: CORNWALLIS.
Hugh Davidson.

596

NOVA SCOTIA VOCXntESTS.

(■[

At a Council held at The Govemora on wedneaday the 6tb
<rf Deer., 1749,

PRESENT—

His Excellei|rcy the Governor.

Clirtries Lawrencle, Hugh Davidson,
Benj. Green, William 8teel.

John SalnsburyJ

His Excellency acqiiainteld the Council that Ire had sHuT'
moned them to consult witli them concerning the forming
Buch of the Settlers as are] able to bear arms into a Militia,
into Companys according to the several quarters of the Town.

The Council were unanimously of Opinion That to form the
SettloTH into a Militia, will bb of the greatest consequence to
this Settlement. I

Resolved, that a Proclamation be issued, ordering all Set'
tiers from sixteen to sixty yfiars of Age, to assemble upon the
Parade on Sunday after ditine Service, & draw up in the
Order following.

Those of the Quarters oi ^^wer <!; Collier to feco the Harbor,

Those of the quarters of Galland & Foreman to face the
Citadel.

Those of Mr. Callenders Division at OT>e End of the Parade.

Orderd, a Prodamation t(j> be publislied to tins effect to-
morrow at Noon. i

Messrs. Green, Salusbury A Davidson were named as a Com^
mittee to examiiK? the I^iaws (if the Plantatione & their Regula'
tions with regard to the Genpral Court & Courrty or Inferior
Courts, & to give in their Re|x)rt as soon aa possible.

Hugh Dayidson,

ED: CORNWALLIS.

At R Cooncil held at the (fovernorson Satoreivy afternoou
the letbof Dtecr., 1749, i

pRtsKirr—

His Excdiericlj' '^^ Governor.

Ca.pt. Jo Robs, Jdin Ht)r»eman, John SaiirsTiirry,
Charles JjawrencB, Hugh D^vidaow,
KeiT. Gr^, Wilra. Steel.

Hi» EteelleBcy read ta tlie Ca«ocil a Letter from Liewt,

HALIFAX,

597

Governor Phipps & one enclosed from Major J. H. Lydius at
Albany, giving Intelligence of The Governor of Canadas having
sent two vessels to Baye Verte with 600 men under the com-
mand of Ms. Le Corue <fe Lemmerie, with ammunition <fe stores
of all kinds proper for a Winters Expedition, That it was
believed they were designed against Halifax, That they wore
likewise assembling as many Canada Indians as possible. Hia
Excellency observed that these 600 French were probably
the Detachments mentioned in M. Jonquiera letter <fe that he
coud not tliink that the French in open violation of Faith &
treatys woud march against any of the Forts made since his
Arrival, but notwithstaudiug, He was of opinion that it was
best to act so as to be secure against all Events, & therefore
had assembled the Council to consult with them, if they
could think of anything that could be done for the further
security of the Town. That at this Season, He coud think
of nothing that coud be done, vinless the Settlers woud join
together & fell down all the Trees round the Town without
the Lines.

Which being unanimously approved of, It was Resolved
that to-morrow. It be represented to the Settlers, that for
the further Security of the Town, It would be necessary
that they employ some days in felling the wood without the
Lines as far as they can — His Excellency having Intelli-
gence that the Indians assembled in great numbers design to
attack it.

It being represented to the Council That the Masters of the
Transports had for their own advantage discharged the
greatest part of their men, Resolved That an order be sent
to the masters of the several Transports in His Majestys Ser-
vice in this Harbour, to man their ships to the full complement
mentioned in their Contracts, without loss of time. That they
will soon be musterd, <fe whoever shall not have his comple-
ment of men according to contract, shall have his Contract
forfeited, & have his Behaviour represented to the Commis-
sioners of the Navy.

That no Settlor shall bo taken on board on any Pretence :
whatever.

ED: CORNWALLIS.
Hpoh Davidson,

598

NOVA SCOTIAJ DOCHMENTS.

At a Council held at the Governors on Wednesday the 27tb
of Deer. 1749.

Pbesent —

Hia Excellency the Governor

John Horseman,
Charles Lawrence,
Benj. Green,

His Excellency appointed Roger Sowdon Water Bailiff.

The Council being informed

John Salusbur)',
Hugh Davidson,
William Steel.

that the Prisoners in Jail for

killing Cattle upon Cornwallis [sland, had petitioned for their

Trial, resolved That a General
4th of Janr.

Resolved That an Order lije
keepers do inform one of the Clergymen of the death of any
Person within their houses, within 24 hours, upon pain of

Court be held on thursday the
published, That all House-

Fine <fe Imprisonment, <fe That

impowei'd to commit any Person to Prison who shall refuse
upon their Order to attend a Oorpse to the Grave.

That Vernon the Carpenter
Letters of the Deceased upon

William Crofts Suttler being
allowing the Soldiers & even

At a Council held at the
Jan.r 1749-50.

the Justices of the Peace be

be orderd to mark the Initial
lis Coffin.

brought before the Council for
Centinels to get drunk at his

House, His Excellency orderd his Licence to be taken from him.
Hugh Davidson. ' ^D: CORNWALLIS.

Governors on Sunday the 7th of

Present —
His Excellency the Governor.
Capt John Rous, Chas. Lav^rence, Hugh Davidson,
Bonj. Green, William Steel.

John Salilsbury,

His Excellency read to the Cpuucil a petition fi-om some of the
Inl»bitants, desiring that the J^artial Liiw may be put in Execu-
tion for some time till the dangqr from the Indians shall be over.

The Petition being taken inito consideration. It appeard to
the Council that the Danger is not great enough nor the In
vasion so certain as to make it necessary to Exercise the Law
Martial — & that altho' it wer6 certain that the Indians de-

signed to attack us, yet if the

days to throw up some necefesary Works & keep a Guard

Settlers woud only work a few

v'^'^~^tmm<i

HALIFAX.

599

every night in every Quarter, the Town would bo secure
aSst Lny number of Indians. The Council therefore do-
si*^^ hat ffis Excellency would be pleased to appoint officers
to each Quarter and to the Artificers, and appoint such Guards
as he should think proper.

Resolved Nem. Con. That every Captain of Militia have a
power to 4id any person to Jail that shall '^i-b«.V h.s order^
either to mount Guard in his Turn or to work at any ^v oik
necessary for the Defence of the Town, there to remain .4
hours <fe be fined five shiU. , ,

It being represented to His Excellency that the Duke ot
Bedford fe'ore Ship is in Danger on t'ot -r s,de In case of an
attack from tlie Indians, He mformed the ^'^^""'^ ^ f ^,f ^^^^
is almost a necessity of her lying here ''«;: Cayie «' -^ An
chors not being in a Condition for her o rido "' *!'« H-'^j^o;;
That he has .ent one of the Armed ,^1«"P^„ o/^%^^^'^^
Cove, That both vessels were well armed & niam.d ^ w 1 1 m
Gun Shot of the Fort at the Sawmil, The only ^-f ^ -»u^
be their beinK frozen in so as to be boarded from ttie ice,
tut tU the 'ice might bo broke every day all round tieni
Some of the Council still apprehending Danger J JeM ing
His Fxcellenoy to order them over to this side. It was agreeci
o send t e"'(^,ptain of the Port over to examine into the^
sUu^tlon & to make his Report to the Governor to-morrow

morning.

ED: CORNWALLIS.

At a Council hold at the Governors on friday the 2d of

Febr. 1749-50. t

Present.

His Excellency the Governor,
John Horseman. Jolm Salusbury,

Hugh Davidson,
Wilham Steel.

Charles Lawrence,

Benj. Green,

His Excellency acquainted the Council tliat «'« Captam of
the Port had been over at the C^ve by the f i^^^'"' *« ™ ^^,
the situation of the Duke of Bedford Storesh.p, <fe l^a^J reported
to him that they were perfectly safe, & that the lee w.xs cut all

'•^TliVGrSdifl Council that His Design in calling
them tWs day was to consult with them, what Regulations
ought to be made with regard to Debts contracted by the

NorA scoTi* DociritEirfs.

600

Settlers in England, or in th^ Colonys, in case these Debts
should oomo to be pursued in tiny Court of this Province It
was observed, that it is the General Custom in the Colonys to
allow no Debts to be pleadaWe against the Settlers, unless
contracted for Goods imported into the Colony, & recourse
being had to the Acts of Aspoinbly of Virginia, it ai.peard
that this IS the standing Law jof that Colony. It was added
That It seems to be one of Encfs & advantages of New Colonys
to serve as a Refuge to uuforjunate Debtors tiiat by Labour
& Industry they may have aii opportunity to retrieve their
fortunes & be again useful. I

It was observed on tl»o othef side, That a Regulation of this
sort mikes a Colony the Refuge of Cheats, Rogues & fniudu-
lent liankrupts, Tliat most nexf Colonys have been obliged to
admit all sorts of men, as thek- had not the same Advantages
tneouragement & assistance jfrom their Mother Country as
this, but that iiere there seemd to bo no necessity for such a
general protection— That a m^tliod miglit possibly tM> fallen
upon whereby the Person & e>^en the real Estate of Settlers
might be secure, but that all Pijrsonal Estates should bo liable
tor just Debts wheresoever contracted.

It being agreed in the Debate tliat it is absolutely neces-
sary that their Persons & Lots I>e free from former Debts, they
being sent here on purpose to beople the Province & cultivate
the spots of Laud allotted tlieii|i, & as it may be infinite advan-
tage to a Debtor to bo allowed some time at least to exercise
his Prote&iiou without Interrnption by Law suits, His Excel-
lency proposed to follow the ckistom of the other Colonys for
a certain time limited, till his! Majesty's Pleasure should be
known. Which being unanimou# approved of, It was resolved,
lliat trom this day to the sepontl of February 1750-51 No
Debts contracted in England 6r in any of the Colonj-s, prior
to tlio Establishment of this Settlement, or to tl>e Debtors
arrival here as a Settler shall be pleadable in any Court of
Judicature in this Province, fi^xcopt for Goods imported or
oiderd to be imported into the Province.

That this Resolution be seiit to the Clerk of the County
Court & orderd to read at thei first meeting of the Justices
& enterd in their Books.

The Master of a Vessel in tl^ Harbour, having petitioned
tor liberty to ship five men Ix^Ionging to the Settlement, in
order to proceed in his voyage to Carolina & thence to Eng-
land—lhe Council were unanimously ot opinion that this
woud be a Precedent of dangetrous Consequence & therefora

■^i

HALIFAX.

eoi

that Oliver Noyes the Master of the Neptune be acquainted,
that Leave to ship settlers cannot be granted him.

ED: CORNWALLIS.

Lorda of Trade to Governor Comwallia.
gjg _ Whitehall, February 16th, 1749-50.

Since our letter to you dated the 16th of October, we
have received yours of the 17th ol the same month and 7th of
December last.

The accounts contained in those Letters of the Hostilities
committed by the Indians, the obstinate disposition of the
French Inhabitants and their refusal to take the Oaths of
Allegiance together witli the unjustifiable proceedings of the
Governor of Canada in sending detachments of Troops into
the heart of His Majesty's Province, strongly point out the
necessity which you so justly represent of a vigorous support
to the settlemeut this year; we therefore lost no time in the
laying your letters before His Grace the Duke of Bedford in
order to be laid before His Majesty, recommending this point
to His Grace's serious attention.

As to the measures which you have already taken for
reducing the Indians, we entirely approve them, and wish
j'ou may have success, but as it has been found by experience
III other parts of America, that gentler methods and offers of
Peace have more frequently prevailed with Indians than the
sword, if at the same times that the sword is held over their
heads, offers of peace and friendships were tendered to them,
the one might be a means of inducing them to accept the other,
but as you have had experience of the disposition and senti-
ments of these savages you will be better able to judge whether
measures of Peace will be effectual or not ; if you should find
that they will not, we dont in the least doubt of your vigour
and activity in endeavouring to reduce them by force.

The refractory disposition of the French Inhabitants, the
Terms they insist upon and their threats if not granted of
leaving the Province, undoubtedly arise from the hopes and
encouragement given them by the French of Canada, of their
being one day Masters of this Country, strengthened by the
unjustifiable attempts they are making to accomplish it. But
when once those hopes are out off by proper measures on our

f)art there is great reason to apprehend that they will no
onger stand out against that Gfovernraent by which their

602

NOVA SCOnA DOCUMENTS.

persons and property will be best protected, and from which
advantages hitherto unknown to them will every day arise.

The declaration which you was by your Instructions
directed to make, still contiriues in force and we are of opinion
that if it shall appear that they have at any time furnished
the Indians or French with Arms, a full proof thereof would
sufficiently justify the total disarming them.

As the "french of Canada l^ave made settlements within the
province with views no doubt of drawing the French Inhabi-
tants over to them, we aire of opinion that any forcible
measures which may induco them to leave their settlements
ought for the present at lea^t to be waved.

As to what additional forcje may be thought advisable to bo
sent you, what settlements ibade, or what number of people
sent over this year, they are points now under consideration
and will we hope be speedily determined. In the meantime
we are preparing for the execution of such part as shall fall
within our province. We ipust however acquaint you that

we have been empowered
tract for such a number of

y His Majesty to enter into con-
Foreign Protestants, and on such
terms as we shall judge ])roper, and accordingly made an
agreement with a Merchant in IlolJaud for the transportation

1500, and have assurance from
# # * * *

of a number not exceeding

him of success in his underiaking.

In the account of disbur.'jements transmitted to Mr. Kilby,
we observe that the article! of Boards and Shingles is very
great; but as there is an officer upon the Establishment who
has a large allowanee for erecting Saw Mills, we hope that
expense will be saved by 'having Timber of the Province
sawed into Boards, Shinglesi <fec. for the use of the Settlement,
or if he should not be ablej to answer the services for which
he was appointed we desire|hemay be discharged.

There are also several jArticles for Rum and Molasses
amounting to £2750, which charge appears very great, as
such a quantity of Rum as we thought necessary was included
in Mr. Townshend's Contract;. So we bid you heartily farewell
and are j

Your very loving Friends,

DUNK HALIFAX,

DUPPLIN.

FRANCIS FANE.

CHAS. TOWNSHEND.
The Honble. Edwd. Cornwa lis,
Governor of Nova Scot

HALIFAX.

603

At a Council held at the Governors on Friday the 23d of
Febr. 1749-50. ^

Prksext —

His Excellency the Governor.

John Horseman, John Salusbury,

Hugh Davidson,
William Steel.

Chas. Lawrence,
John Gorham,
Bonj. Green,

The Council took into consideration the great number of
Houses that sell Spirituous Liquors without Licence. (The
Grand Jury having presented near forty,) several methods
were proposed to prevent this for the future, One was to
lay a considerable Duty upon all spirits imported. This was
thought not advisable in the Infancy of the Settlement.
Another was to increase the penalty upon conviction, & the
reward to the informer, but it being allowed that these great
penaltys and rewards to informers seldom or never have the
desired Etfect, after some. Debate It was agreed that besides
the fine & forfeiture of Liquors a corporal punishment ought
to be inflicted on such as woud render the Retailers infamous.

Resolved that over and above the penalties declared by
former Acts of Council, any person convicted of selling Spiri-
tuous Liquors without the Governor's License, shall for the
first offence sit in the Pillory or Stocks for one Hour and for
the second offence shall receive 20 Lashes.

Ordered a proclamation to be published to this effect.

At a Council held at the Governors on Saturday the 24th
of Febr. 1749-50.

Present —

His Excellency The Governor.
Capt. John Rous. John Horseman, John Salusbury,

Charles Lawrence, Hugh Davidson,
John Gorham, William Steel.

Benj. Green,

His Excellency acquainted the Council that several Mer-
chants had desired leave to build Wharfs before the Town,

604

MOVA SCOTIA D0CCMEST8.

that be wond not grant leavq till he had consulted with them
as it seemed to him an afFa'f of great consequence, that ho
had likewise desired Mr. Bre|wse, Engineer, & Mr. Morris, Sur-
veyor, to be present to give (heir opinions.

These Gentlemen being ca|)l6d in, they were desired to give
their opinion whether it woud bo best to preserve the whole
front of the Town for a Pub ic Key in case the Government
should order one to be made^ or if there could be any incon-
venience in granting Liberty! to the Merchants to build wharfs
under certain Restrictions, af; their own charge.

Mr. Brewso & Capt. Morris^ gave it as their opinion That as a
Key is a Work of some time, & as His Excellency hinted
might require orders from England, It might be some years
before it be finished — that ItVliarfs being immediately neces-
sary, there can be no inconvenience in granting Permission
to the Merchants to build tjiem, provided it bo under such
restrictions <fe regulations as may be found necessary, &
always preserving the Kingsj Right if a Key & Public Wharfs
should be determined upon. That undoubtedly such a Key
would be infinitely better in every respect.

Resolved That at the pret^ent time, It will bo a Benefit to
the Settlement to allow Meithants <fe others to build Wharfs
whore they judge proper upon the following conditions.

Tliat the Rate of Wharfage shall be always subject to bo
regulated by the Governor i Council for the time being.

That those that shall build Wharfs shall in every thing
observe <fe follow what regul|<itions shall be made from time to
time by the Governor or Commander in Chief <fe His Majestys
Council for the time being.

That in case it siiall be dejtermined to build Public Keys or
Wharf's, The Kings right is always reserved, so to do where
it shall be judged proper, rijasonable satisfaction, to be made
to the owners cff private Wharfs for the charges they have
been at. j

That no Person presume to build any Storehouse upon
Wharfs in the front of the Town.

That no person begin to build any Key or Wharf, without
having first obtained Permission under the Hand & Seal of
The Governor or Commant er in Chief for the time being,
mentioning the particular P ace & Dimensions of the Key or

Wharf.

ED: CORNWALLIS.

flALIPAX,

605

Governor ComicaUia lo Lords af Trade and Plantations.
llY Lords -- Halifax, 19 March, 1749-50.

# # * # * fije first thing I set abont after the
departure of the Charleton was to establish the Courts of
Judicature, and the forms of proceeding in them your I^ord-
ships will find that We have nearly followed the Courts of
Virginia. — The resolutions of the Council are entered at
length in the Minutes, copy of Which is sent your Lordships
by this conveyance.

By the Betsy Schooner I sent His Grace the Duke of Bedford
the letters I had from Lieut ; Governor Phips with intelligence
from Canada of great preparations against this Settlement.

The same accounts being repeated and confirmed in every
letter from Boston filled the minds of people with apprehen-"
sions and those most who are best acquainted with the
savages.

Tho' I myself gave little credit to them, yot I resolved to
take all sorts of precautions when I could not prevail on the
settlers to fell the Trees for some hundred yards round the
Town, I was obliged to employ all the Hands I could get to
raise the Barricade and to continue it to the water side. It
has been always impossible to get any of them to work
without great wages.

Some of the Inhabitants petitioned that the settlers might
be made subject to Martial Law while the alarm continued,
but the Council was of opinion that our circumstances were
not urgent enough to make such a step necessary.

All the Settlers able to bear arms, were formed into ten
Companies, two from each Division, a Captain and two Sub-
alterns appointed to each Company. The artificers formed
one Company by themselves. The whole Militia amounted to
about 840 men. A Captain and fifty men mounted every
night near the Parade, a Lieutenant and twenty men in each
division of the Town. The penalty for neglect or refusal of
duty was 24 hours imprisonment and a fine of 5 shillings.
The Officers behaved well; I cannot commend the behaviour
of the men in general notwithstanding the danger they im-
agined threatened them.

The french Inhabitants seemed assured thai the Indiana
would make an attempt upon the Town in the beginning of
February. Several of them gave me all tho intelligence they
could get, being well paid.

606

NOTA BCOTIA 1 0CUMENT8.

About the middle of January] all that were here at work
left us to a man, a proof they certainly expected the Indians.
Reports increased the number o|f Indians to some thousands.

I did indeed imagine that if the Indians ha<l kept toge-
ther 80 long at Chincto, either they designed to make a
push to take one of the outports or the whole was only a blind
to cover somewhat the Frtncli are carrying on in those
parts. But all communication from Chignecto and Cobequid
to Minas being stopped no certpin intelligence could be had
of their numbers or designs. Itj has all along been my resolu-
tion not to risk the settlement| upon any account, nor to let
the savages gain any advantage* over us by our sending out
small parties. If I could hav4 spared three hundred men
I should iiave sent and attacl^od them at Chinecto. Had
Major Gilman come down with his company at the time he
promised soraetliing might have been done. His conduct has
been extremely absurd notwithsf,anding he knew his company
was purely for the winter montlib, notwithstanding of repeated
orders and frequent opportunities of sending men he only sent
part of his company the 7th instant. * * *

I have not come'to any resolujtion with regard to the distri-
bution of Land to the Settlers, ijor where to set down tiiose
that may come in Spring.

What I at present think of i^, to distribute this Pehinsula
the Town stands upon in small !Lots for gardens and meadow
grounds ; there is not more thaii 3000 Acres. The Town and
suburbs stands on eight hundred Acres and there must bo a
common of at least 150 Acres.

opposite side of the Harbor
Distance : It would greatly
of the Harbour the situation

I believe a settlement on the
would be preferable to one at a
add to the defence and strength

would be good especially for th(i fishery ; it will be under the
eye of the government, easily helped, easily supplied and
protected. While there is any danger from the Indians the
more compact we are the better. As the principal fishery
will be here, the more Inhabitants, the more men there will
be for labour the more children i that will take to the Fishery,
the more people to employ all kjnds of hands, every thing will
go on with more spirit.

When once this Harbour is Secure, well peopled, a certain
fishery established, people will! come from all parts without
any expense to the public, ancj it will be easy to extend to
other parts of the Province.

Nothing will give me greatdr pleasure than t» hear that

HALIFAX.

607

your Lordships have fallen upon some means' of sending over
Germans and other foreign Protestants ^

The wmtor has passed without complaints of any kind our
numbers augmenting by almost every vessel ;e^venth3
wanted was provided them, to get them tolemblv covered
agamst he season. Your Lordships will bo glad to hear what
fine winter weather we have had, very few eltreme S days

ped Z mZ "' '' ^-?-l'->-g '■ tl.e navigation nevS st^
ped, the Hai hour never froze up so as to hinder vessels frnm
com.ng ,n and going out. Vessels come in every monr

we li.ue lad fine warm days, and thaw, and the fishine-
schooners began last week to go upon the bank Captn
Eons who has wintered here assures me the Fleet of Endand
may nde here all Winter without the least danger I have

li.e earth has been covered with snow since the middle of
January, about three foot deep in the Woods. I ,^w employ
InL t. T '"■' *° '•«'^« storehouses, and have begun t72
posLll" ^'""''P°'''' *hey shall be discharged ts soon as

hnt ^'''""^'' P"' uP ^"'" ** Hospital to receive the sick ; there
h^.j,ever been above 25 in the Hospital ship at the same

~?*'"""*^°n n '^^'-^''ting for » public school, where I pro-
pose o put all Orphans, that they may be taken care till they
are ft for going Prentices to Fishermen. ^

1 have employed a number of the French Inhabitants to
square timber for Blockhouses, this will be rl ly o ' shin
ped with any ,>arty of Soldiers that mav be sent to pro tct
another settlement, or to raise any Fortification ^

1 expect the Frame of the Church will be here next month
boneChrpet^'^"''^*^^ ^'^'^ '' '''' ^^^^ ^^^ tL^J of £y-

I have <fcc.

The Lords Comrs. for Trade
& Plantations.

ED. COENWALLIS.

"•*-■■ M'JWMI"'

eos

kova scoMa doccmenm.

Chvernor ComwaUU to iJpfds qf Trade d Plantations.
(copy.)

HALIFAX.

609

Halifax, 30tli April, 1760.
My Lobds,^-

I am honoured with your Lordships of the 17th of Februaryi
You may be assured that I ehi^U be as frugal as possible ; not a
pound shall be expended by me unnecessarily. But my
Lords without money you coi^ld have had no Town' -no Set*
tloment and indeed no Settlers. Tis very certain that the

Eublic money cleared the gro^ind, built the ToWn, secured it,
ept both Soldiers and Settlors from starving with Cold or
deserting, and has brought dojwn almost one thousand Settlers
from the Colonies. Lots in Hjalifax are now worth 60 Guineas)
if there Was no public money circulating, Lots Would be given
for a Gallon of Rum. The money is laid out in building Forts,
Barracks, Storehouses, Hospitals, Church, Wharf, Public
Works, all that seem absolutely necessary.

The discredit my Bills hi|ve fallen into gives me great
unea.siness. So far as I can] learn, these bills brought more
money than any Governmejits Bills ever did before, not
excepting those of the Ordnance. Not one Bill was sold at
Boston under 1100 for 100, nlow nobody Will take them. A
Vessel that waited at Boston to bring me money comes away
without a Dollar. Merchants that owe their fortunes to the
public money, have refused to advance an olHcer employed
by me .£100 stg. upon my letter of credit. Unless the credit
of my Bills is restored je40,00p Will not go further now than
£30,000 did last year.

According to your LordsL|ips directions, I this day dis*
charged the two Apothecariep, Merry and Reeves, and shall
discharge some of the Surgeons & Mates that may be spared.

As for the Saw Mill, we ne\|er had one board from it. It
has been my constant plague i'rom the beginning, thirty men
have been constantly kept thiere ever since the affair of the
Indians. Gilman has behaved so ill that I shall entirely dis*
^niss him all service. He h^s taken up jEOOO St. in NeW
England without any Orders M'hatever from me.

I have laid in a quantity of Lumber in the King's Yard thia
Spring at a reasonable price ; for want of a Stock I have been
sometimes obliged to pay X5 per m ; the settlers have paid
£6. I have got them lately at £S 10, XS 0 0, & 55 sh.
No more boards are given to Settlers upon any account.

As to the article of Rum 4 Molasses, that charge was in
consequence of the resolution of the Council of War. Yott

Yo?LoSif S/^el' f^S;"the c"""^ ^'^'^ ,7^^- --^^^^
ehall be sent {on That nil w ^°'»r'«ny's Vouchers which

and will never be renewed rhe"^.,''^.'"' f.r""' *'"'^ ^8°

^ w J:;s 15rt°nj;s:^Sirs ' nr- ^° ^^^

Settlement, and to sell it tolL sSws at T'> ^"■ *° '^'
than 2d. per gallon and for t/,^ ,,. f fi. ,° ^"S''^'" * '""te
the Publfc A Palum "'' °^ '^' ''«"'^« ^'^- ^ Pay

C. cIm'::^?, fo^TuVLotjf" " ^™'"^ *^- ^-^^ Sloop,
very extVaordiiary nature it^VrnHf""' ''/^'"^ "^ ^
to see so much mo^ney th;;wn^afa;rrldtE;::^^^''"r-

1 ho Lords Commrs. , pn nnuxTitr..

for Trade & Plantations. ' ^^K^WALLIS.

Minutes of Council at Bali/ax
^ At a^Council held at the Governors on monday the 20th of

Pbe-sent — I
His Excellency the Governor.
John Horseman, Joh„ Salnsbury,

.'ohn Gorham, w,,-k n.,,;^ •^'

Benjamin Gre'en, Wi^m'Sd"'

man;£ronr£dZrui.,irti''^r"?" "'^* ^ ^••-'

«ome of these Lots he had or e^ tlT ^°^' '" town-that
knew could build nTontLm-'^,J^i^F7''.^''''^''''^^^
division reported toE hv^^JlTru- ^' ^^"^'^ ^' ^""^'^
given to Lt^ NathaLerA^/ltST. ''/''''*"* J'^ '"^^
tor claimed it & insisted S, h." „V?t'''^/h ^°™r ^™P"e-
tenl to him His Name Edranl MenSeid '"^ ^'"^ ''S^^-

.t. The said Lot No 4 be oo.,i:L'i,tVili^Ztr^:r^

■■yi

610

NOVA SCOTIA DOCUHENIH.

his Excellency's Grant, & that if Edward Merrifield can make
it appear tliat he is able & resxd^ to build a house, another of
the Vacant Lots that he shall chbose be given hira.

Mr. Samuel Shipton having petitioned the Governor that &a
Mr. Glasier has not fulfilled his engagements to furnish him
with materials to build another house in the time limited in
their agreement, & there is no irospect of his being able to
do it this summer, the Lot No 2(5 ho has built upon and im-
proved at a great expence maj' be adjudged to him, & that the
Lot laid out for him be reserved for Mr. Glasier when he
returns.

The same being taken into corisideration & their agreement
as enterd in the Council Book, being read, Resolved nem.
con. that the Property of the said Lot No 25 which he has
improved & built upon be adjud jed to Mr. Shipton, & the lot
laid out for Mr. Shipton be giver to Mr. Glasier when he shall
be ready to improve it.

ED: CORNWALLIS.

Thoa. Hm to Gove '■nor Cornwallis.

SlB,-

"WfHiTEHALL, 29th May, 1750.

I am directed by my Lords Commissioners for Trade and
Plantations to inform you, that tile bearer of this, John Spur-
rier, Master of the Ann from Rotterdam, has on board his
vessel 280 Foreign Protestants kr thereabouts procured by
Mr. Dick, Merchant at Rotterdam. These their Lordships
desire you will receive and dispone of in the best manner you
are able, as a means of encouraging others of their country-
men to follow, and that you will dismiss the vessel as soon a^
conveniently you can.

I hive &c.

The Hon : Edward Cornwallis,
Gov. of Nova Scotia.

THOS. HILL.

Lords of Trade to i'ovr. Cornwallis.

Whitehall, 8th Juno, 1750.

Since our last letter to you wai received yours of the 19tlj
of March and that also of 30thj April hi; t and the papers

HALIFAX.

611

therewith transmitted which came express bv the new Casco
Sloop, your dispatching of which upon so important an occa-
sion IS much to be commended.

As the matters contained in this letter and the papers which
accompanied It appeared to require the immediate considera-
tion ot His Majestys Ministers, wc lost not a moment in send-
ing copies thereof to the Duke of Bedford with a letter point-
ing out the dangerous situation of the Province and the im-
possibility of giving peace and a lasting security to it, or of
naaking a New Settlement there unless vigorous measures
should be taken and a force sent sufficient for the defence

We dont doubt but proper attention will be given to this
fitiair and the necessary measures pursued for vour main-
taining His Majesty's rights.

It will give you great satisfaction to hear that an Irish
Regiment has been ordered to be sent you, and that it is ac-
tually now embarked at Dublin and preparing to sail We
agree with j-on in thinking that the well being of the Pro-
viuce depends upon the making an Establishment at Chi-npc-
to that It was extremely prudent in you to endeavour to make
a beginning in so necessary a work, and that altho' those en-
deavours did not succeed in the views for which they were
designed, yet they have been attended with the good elfect of
bringing to light the designs, the situation and the Force of
the trench.

We do not doubt but that when you have a sufficient Force
any further attempts which you shall think it necessary and
prudent to make will be attended with success

The burning of His Majesty's Towns and the threateninir
his subjects with a general massacre are surprising marks of
the insolence of the French ; the methods you took to obviate
the ill effects o those threats are justly to be commended and
we doubt not but that you will continue using all possible
means that may prevent the French Inhabitants retiring from
the Province. °

Wo are very sorry to hear that any inconvenience or un-
easiness has been occasioned by the postponing of the pay-
ment of your Bills a circumstance which gave us great con-
cern, but was unavoidable. The most pressing instances
were made to the Treasury for the immediate payment of
them, but there happening at that time to be no money in the
exchequer it was impossible for them to be complied with
nnless private credit had been pledged, none of your Bills

-.-.' S

612

however were protested, nor did t^e owners of them express
any dissatisfaction at their delay j as they were well satisfied
that they should be paid out of tiip next grant of Parliament,
which happened soon after. I

Tlie Alderney, a Ship of 504 Tjons, and the Nancy, a BrU
gantine of 150 Tons, will sail froii the River, the former in
four or five, the latter in ten days] with about 480 settlers, tho
exact number you will know by{ a list which will be taken
when they are all ou board, and si^nt you by Mr. Kilby. We
have not accepted as we did last year, all who offered, but
Buch only as we have rouvson to tjiink from their character or
employment will be useful settlers.

The French Protestants who h^ve taken refuge in Jersey
upon enquiry fall short of tho nuijaber as first represented to
His Majesty and those who are there have all refused to
go either to Nova Scotia or Irelanjd.

Mr. Dick merchant at Rotterdapi, who undertook to trans-
port a thousand Foreign Protestants upon the condition of
our paying him a Guinea for each person has greatly disap-
pointed us, but by a letter we lave this day received from
him he acquaints us, that he shall send two hundred and
eighty and that half of them are already on board, and he
gives us some liopes that he shall send over another ship tbia
year.

We shall write fully to you b/ the Nancy upon all other
points that shall occur to us from your last letter or the pres-
ent situation of the Province. So we bid you heartily fare-
well and are

Your very loving Friends Ac.

PUNK HALIFAX,

The Hon : Edwd. Comwallis,
Gov. of Nova Scotia.

J. GRENVn.LE,
C. TOWNSHEND,

Lwda of Trade to Qovr. Cornwcdlia.

Whitehall, 14th June, 1750.

* * * * As we have as yet nothing positive to inform

'you of with regard to the resolutions of the Government upon

the present state of your Provinde, which however we hope

■Boon to be enabled to do, we alkali confine ourselves in this

HALIFAX.

613

letter to such particulars as regards the general circumstances
and condition of the settlement.

When we received your letter of the 10th of March last we
were very much surprised and disappointed upon not finding
any accounts transmitted with it of tho great sums which
have been expended in your Government as you assure us in
your letter ot tiie 17tli of October that they should be sent,
we can impute our not having received them to no other
cause than the neglect of your Secretary.

# # « # # ^g impute our not having the information
we had a right to expect in many particulars very essential
to our management of the affairs of Your Province nor any
accounts with authentic vouchers, to the negligence of Mr.
David:>on; which circumstance alone would be sufficient to
give us an ill opinion of his conduct were wo not furnished
with a variety of other strong reasons which it is our duty to
mention to you at large.

In our letter of the Secoitd of April last we took notice to
you of the in.sult offered by him to the Board by ordering
Medicines for the Settlement from his private correspondent
without consulting us. Wo told you we had been informed
that he was engaged in Trade, pointing out at the same time
whate.xtreme inconvenieucies would arise if any man in public
office, especially one entrusted with public money, should be
permitted to trade, and we hope that upon this intimation
you will directly put a stop to this practice, for the f^ict has
been lately confirmed to us with many aggravating circum-
stances.

*♦**## jf j). jjg ^,.yg j^g ^g \\&\e heard it is that
the Publicans, numerous as they are, pay each a Guinea a
Month for a License to Self liquors we hope it has been done
by your directions, and consequently doubt not but that the
sum arising from this duty will be brought to account in
alleviation of the general expenses.

We take this opportunit}' of recommending to you in the
moat serious manner to discourage by every method in your
power the immoderate use of Rum and other Spirituous
Liquors so destructive of Health, Industry and Morals.

Not having received any exact account of the state of the
provisions we cannot judge whether there remains with you a
sufficient quantity for the settlers now going. It appears by
the returns that there were victualled in November, 1895
settlers and 36G labourers at whole allowance which are equal
to 549 settlers and make in all 2,444. We have no returns -

(

614

MOTA BCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

later than November but we are informed that the number
must be increased, because many have come to the settlement
since that time and all settlers whaltever are victualled at the
public expense. j

It appears that the laborers halve been victualled at the
public charge tho' by your represjentation their wages have
been very great. We find also that every settler whatever
has been victualled, tho' your instructions expressly confine
the benefit of Provisions to persolns sent by His Majesty's
Order to the settlement, and it was not originally intended to
include voluntary Battlers, and we imagine you found this
necessary, tho' for what reasons wo are not yet informed.

Mr. Townshend's Agent tells u.-J that Mr. Townshend has
sent 130,000 pound weight of Breafl and that you have bought
112,000 pound weight in all 242,0<]j0 pound weight, that you
did not begin to use Mr. Townshend's provisions till the 27th
of August and yet that tlii.s quantitn' of bread was to last only
to the middle of April. The quantify of Bread according to the
contract sufficient for 3000 persons |br the whole year is 160,000
pound weight, so that in eight moitths as much Bread within
18,000 pound weight has been consumed as ought to have
served .3000 persons a whole year, tho' the number victualled
has been only from 1500 to 2450. As we have not yet had
any satisfactory account of the Pi'ovisions, we desire to be
informed what quantity of those snipped last year on board
the Transports remained after thej voyage? How long they
lasted ? In what manner they jwere issued ? When you
began upon Mr. Townshends cont]|act ? How his provisions
have been issued and what remain^ of them ? We should also
know what quantity of Mr. Baker^ provisions have come to
your hands and what has been dohe with them? for wo are
apprehensive that some demand on this head will at last be
made upon us. We liave been informed that part of Mr.
Townshend's provisions has been it sued to the Sloops of War ;
If this be true proper certificates sliould have been sent home
to him that he- might have demanded a like quantity from the
victualling ofiice, and replaced it j to the settlers. We have
been informed that Mr. Davidson! has forbidden the regular
storekeeper to issue the Eum and JMolasses, and that they are
given out by another person undeij his direction ; and indeed
we cannot help observing to you 1 that the quantity of Rum
. charged in the imperfect Abstract bf the expenses sent to Mr.
. Kilby appears to us to be very great.

We must observe to you that iuni to the value of <£500

■"Ptnaap

HALIFAX.

615

sterling charged in that account to have been sent to Annapo-
lis where there are only a few officers and the Garrison (and
they had just been indulged with an additional four pence
which they never had before) seems to have been an immode-
rate allowance : Surely the officers at least might have bought
Rum out of their pay ; but admitting they could not 3000
Gallons will still seem a very excessive allowance for the
small number of officers you have.

The same may be said of the 15,000 Gallons of Molasses
and the 10,000 of Rum consumed by the Settlers between
July and December which surely seems more than could be
wanted for the use of the number you had, all this Rum being
over and above what they are entitled to from the Contractor.

We cannot agree with you in your proposal for making a
settlement on the other side of Bedford Bay at the public
expense for there is reason to expect that the public should ;
be at no further charge in settling people at Halifax to which
as you inform us numbers are voluntarily resorting, and where
there are sufficient inducements to draw them, trade being
now open and the Fisherj' begun. » ♦ » *
Your very loving friends, (fee,

DUNK HALIFAX,
J. GRENVILLE,
C. TOWNSHEND.
The Hon : Edwd. Cornwallis,

Governor of Nova Scotia. i ,

Lords of Trade to Governor Cornwallis.

Whitehall,
^,„ 26th June, 1750.

We have received a letter from Mr. Dick dated the 27th
June N. S., acquainting us that the Ship Ann, John Spurrier,
Ma.stor, has sailed from Helvoetsluys with 312 foreign Protes-
tants on board, a list wliereof we herewith enclose to you,
together with a copy of Mr. Dick's instructions to the master
of the ship.

Mr. Dick in liis letter acquaints us that there is a German
gentleman on board, John Eberhard Klages, who is a man of
Fortune and Figure in his own Country, that he has paid the
passage of Sixteen people and a boy on condition that they
are to give him their fifty acres of land each and to continue
with him and cultivate it.

616

NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

We recommend tins gentleman to your particular counte-
nance and regard, as you mi^st be sensible that his favorable
representation of his receptio|n and the state of the settlement
to his countrymen will bo a groat indncement to others to
resort to the Province and wlien the settlors who have
engaged to convey their fifty ^cres to him shall have cultivated
them according to their engagement with him wo see no
reason why you should not mfiko fresh grants to them

We dont doubt but you will receive all these foreign Pro-
testants in general in the kindest manner as our procuring a
krge number next year will depend upon the accounts they
send home. ''

We find that Mr. Dick bad desired Mr. Davidson to take
upon iiim tho management of his concerns and we desire that
you will take care that aftai^ shall be so managed that Mr.
iJick may not be a sufferer wjth respect to tho money which
he has advanced for those whb were not able to pay their own
passage, as there may not be kniong tJie old settlers a sufficient
number of Persons able and ^'illing to take oft" such a number
of hervants upon the terras df paying for their passage ; you
may possibly contrive to lak' down the money upon their
engaging to work it out in tfio Public works, and tliat you
may even make use of this o|)portuuity to reduce the exorbi-
tant price of Labour. 1

We cannot make any objdction to Mr. Davidson's taking
the 5 per cent which Mr. Dic^ offers him, as this is in some
degree a private transaction between them, bnt at the same
time we must observe that inj a public light it might be an
encouragement to Mr. Dick wjio has acted in this affair with
groat diligence and spirit, ifj the Secretary was directed to
transact this business as part |of the duty of liis office without
Commission, so we bid you helarty farewell, and are
Your very joving friends,

DUNK HALIFAX,
DUPPLIN,

The Hun
Gov.

Edwd. Cornwallis,
of Nova Scotia.

J. GRENVILLE.

Governor CWnwalCis to Lords of Trade.

My Lords, —

I am honored with your Iiordship's letter of 2nd of AprD,

Halifax, 10 July, 1750.

HALIFAX. 617

with Copies of your letter to His Grace the Duke of Bedford
and his answer. I have likewise an account of the whole
charges of tliis Colony last year, as laid before Parliament
amounting in all to £76,476 3s. lOd., of which £21,496 2s. 7d!
was given me in cash or paid by the Agent for Bills drawn by
mo or my order.

Your Lordships also inform me that tho Parliament had
voted £36,000 to pay the exceedings, and a further Grant of
£40,000 for the present year.

A full and particular account of the money expended here
shall bo transmitted your Lordships at tho time you direct,
and henceforth regularly twice a year.

In the meantime I send enclosed a general abstract of the
sums paid hero in every month since my arrival, and likewise
a particular account of all money received, and of all Bills
drawn on Mr. Kilby, with the savings upon the exchange on
each particular Bill.

1 have begun to clear George's Island ; I propose to have
Bome Block Houses upon it, and a good Battery. The Church
which is now setting up will cost £1000 by the Estimate sent
me from Boston.

The barricade made last winter was only a temporary thing,
there not being time in the fall to run the palisades. It is
now removed, and the palisades carrying round the Town.

According to the Plan sent your Lordships last year, this is
a much better defence, and the barricade being composed of
Logs and Brushwood was subject to take fire, and had once
endangered the town.

I enclose a daily return of Overseers, Artificers and Labour-
ers employed in the several works, with tlieir wages, their
wages are intolerably dear, but no means hitherto tried to
lower them has succeeded, and private men pay still greater.

The Saw Mill has hitherto been rendered ineffectual, partly
by the Indians, partly by Mr. Oilman's bad management. I
have let it to one Mr. Clapliam and hope at last to reap some
benefit from it, but by no means to answer the demands there
will be for some time for Boards and Planks &c. ; nobody here
has begun to make Clap Boards and Shingles.

I know that great quantities of lumber and other materials
were made away with in Winter, notwithstanding every pre-
caution that could be taken, and till lately that the King's
Yard was ready to receive them, it could" not be expected
that any Storekeeper could be accountable for them.

Thirty thousand Bricks have been burnt here that prove

618

NOVA, sec TIA DOCUMENTS.

very good, but great, searcl [ has been made in the Bay and
Harbour for Limestones, without success; these will continue
this year a considerable article of" expense, no less than 6
Hhds. of lime are daily expjinded at present, this a Merchant
who has a great stock in thd Fishery, has engaged to furnish
at 25s. per ITIid.

The question then is, my Lords, whether to stop and re-
nounce carrying on these Works and others equally necessary,
(a Meeting for Dissenters, i Court House and Prison, and a
powder Magazine) or if thejr are to be carried on how I shall

raise the money necessary

The German, the Frencli Protestants
Engh'sh of the better sort,

and three hundred
that your Lordships propose to

send this summer, will be a |\-aluable acquisition to the Colony.
If your Lordships had not given directions not to mix the
french Protestants witii the Inhabitants, I should have been
apt to consider it in another] light, and looking upon the Refu-
gees as trusty men have thought of mixing them with the
French Inhabitants, in order to remove their prejudices in
favour of a french Government and the Romish faith.

The Lords Commrs.

for Trade <fe Plantations

tons,
kinds

he took in Bay Verto,
arras & ammunition

I am, &c.,

ED: CORNWALLIS.

Oovr. Cornwallis to Lords of Trade & Plantation.

Halifax, 19th August, 1750.

My Lords,-

Capt. Le Cras has sent in here a French Sloop of seventy

which had carried stores of all
from Quebec to Loutre and his

Indians, M. Bigots* Instrfjctions to the Master to follow

the bills of lading endorsed by

and letters of consequence were

four Deserters from my regiment

The original papers and letters I

Loutre or Le Cornes orders
Loutre, and other papers
found on board her, with
and a familv of Accadians.

shall send by first good conveyance.

Since the above the Alderney arrived with 353 Settlers,
their coming so late distres^ses me much, but I shall do every

* Intundant at Quebec.

mi iilTiiKillrtlJ

HALIFAX.

619

thing in my power to make them as easy as possible and use-
ful to the settlement.

I expect directions from your Lordships by the " Nancy"
with regard to provisions for tiiis year, there being an absolute
necessity of having them for the troops. I have given orders
to the Agent of Messrs. Bakers to provide a sufficient
Quantity for the two Regiments of Coll. Warburton and Las-
celles, and have likewise ordered the agent for the contractor
for my Regiment to lay in at Annapolis Royal eight months
provisions for the six companies.

I am, &c..
The Lords Commrs. EP. CORNWALLIS.

for Trade & Plantations. i

Minutes of Council at Halifax 1750.

At a Council held at the Governors on thursday the 6th of
July 1750.

Pbesent —

His Excellency the Governor,
John Horseman, John Salusbury,

John Gorham, Hugh Davidson,

Benjamin Green, William Steel.

His Excellency acquainted the Council timt there having
been some difficulty in raising the supplies of money necessary
for tlie Service of the Colony, He had agreed to Proposals sent
him by Messrs. Apthorp & Hancock of Boston, who engaged
to provide him with Dollars, upon conditon that they should
likewise have the furnishing all stores <fe materials, which
His Excellency understood as meaning all such as might be
wanted from that Province, but that these Gentlemen had
since explained their terms, so as to oblige him to take every
thing whatever wanted for this Province from them only, &
not to leave it in his Power to buy any thing whatever here,
or in any of the northern Colonys, which terms he could not
agree to without first consulting the Council.

He likewise acquainted the Council with the method he had
hitherto taken to provide both money <fe stores, viz., by Bills
upon the Agent, whereby both Commission <fe Exchange
amounting to a very considerable sum had been saved the
Public — but that he believed there would be a necessity of
being supplied this year upon Credit— That Delancy <fe Watts

620

NOVA S({;OTU DOCUMENTS.

write, that provided His Excellency could assure them of the
bills being duly honoured, jthere could be no Difficulty in being
provided with Dollars frorti New York.

The Council having tak(^n this affair into consideration, It
was their unanimous opinion, That To agree to the Proposals
<fe terms offerd by Messrs. Apthorp & Hancock would be very
disadvantageous to the Goyernment,<fe the greatest Discourage-
ment to the Commerce of tjiis Province, & of this Settlement in
particular— That materials of all kinds may be bought hero
much cheaper tlian they cijn possibly be sent upon Conmiission
— That the iiopes of sellipg their Cargos to the Government,
brings in great numbers of vessels with Lumber <fe Bricks, by
which means the settlers a|-e provided at reasonable rates.

The Council likewise advised that His Excellency write to
M. Delancy <fe Watts to be informed more particularly upon what
terms Dollars can be sent from New York, & to assure them of
a reasonable premium's ijeing paid them, in case their Bills
should appear after the Gj-ant for the year is exhausted, & be
honoured by their own co-respondents as they were last year.

Kesolvod, that a commjttee of the Council be appointed to
examine the Public accoibpts <fe at Mr. Davidsons Request,
that the committee be direjcted to enquire particularly, whether
there is any ground for in allegation made at home of his
having employed the pub|ic money to carry on private Com-
merce, & of his having i^ade Advantages by the manner of
transacting the affairs of the Colony at Boston — & to make
their report to the Council.

His Excellency named Slessrs. Green, Salusbury & Steel to
be of this Committee.

ED: CORNWALLIS.

At a Council held at th^
August 1750,

Governours on Thursday the 23rd

Pkesent —
His Excellency the Governour.

John Horseman, ^
Benj. GJreen,
John Salisbury,
Hugh Davidson,
Willm. Bteel.

Esqrs.

The Council took into Iconsideration the most proper way
of disposing of 353 Settlors arrived in the Alderney, several

HALIFAX,

621

places were proposed, La Have, Malegash, The North west
River, The Head of the Bay, the Sawmill, and the other side
of the Harbour over against George Island. Great Difficulties
appear'd in settling them at any distant place, especially so
late in the season. It seemed to the Council that the opposite
Bide of the Harbour over against Georges Island would, all
circumstances considered, be most proper, and Capt. Morris,
Surveyor, who was sbnt for and examin'd, said, that the land
there was extremely good. The Council was also of opinion
that a small compact Town there would be a great Ineourage-
meut to Fishermen to establish themselves on that side, which
they have always represented as best for that purpose.'

Resolved that the Surveyors be directed to survey that side
and report their Opinions as soon as possible, as to" the most
proper Spot for the Town.

ED: CORNWALLIS.

At a Council held at the Governours on Monday Septr. 2nd
1750. '

Present — ;
His Excellency The Governour.

John Horseman, Esqr.,

Sir Danvers Osborne, Bart.,*

Benj. Green,

John Salusbury,

Hugh Davidson.

Wm. Steele.

Esqr.

His Excellency acquainted the Council that about 300 Ger-
mans being arrived in the ship Anne, he had summoned them
to advise concerning the method of disposing of them for this
Winter, it being impossible to send them this season to Chi-
necto. He likewise read a Letter from the Lords of Trade
concerning the means of paying the Freiglits of such as liad
not paid at Roterdam, or were not able to pay here. It was
the opinion of the Council, that this opportunity be taken to
reduce the exorbitant price of Labour, and that there being
now 250 labourers at 2s. per Day, besides Rum and Beer, that
such of the Germans as are artificers, or fit for labour be

* Sir Danvers Osborne, Bart., was brother-in-law to the Earl of Halifax.
Hu was appointed Govr. of N. York in 1753, and committed suicide shortly
alter taking possetsioa of his gorernmcnt.

622

NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

taken into the Kings Works at the rate of 2s. pr. Day for arti-

fleers and 12(1. pr. Day for
to tlie Government, that in
whole be paid to Mr. Dick

labourers till their freights be paid
1 the mean time the freight of the

,„„. .„ ^, ., as the Board of Trade directs.

Order'd', that the Commifesary of Stores be directed to give
in Keturns of the provisioi s in store, and likewi.se a list of the

Ived that tlie allowance of provisions

as are under no necessity — That
it tiie Kings price be struck oiT the

persons victualled, llesol
be taken off from all such
all such as refuse to work
Books.

That all arrears due to
paid off.

At a Council held at
Sept. 1750,

tho Governours on Tuesday the 11th

'resent —

His Excel

John Ilors
Sir Danve

Benj. G
John Saliib
Hugh Dav
William

irejn.

S:eel.

Eesolved, That a Procl
Years provisions promisee'
from England to this CoL
Directions from the Lords
tations to discontinue the
as came last year, and the
tinuing the said allowance
orders to close the victi
provisions, except to the

A Petition of the Palattines
Excellency in Council,
Spurrier, master of the SI
be summoned to appear b
to answer to this complain

.abourers in the King's Works be
I ED: CORNWALLIS.

ency the Governour,

email, Esq.

s Osborne, Bart,

ury,
idson,

Esqrs.

ii^nation be issued that Whereas the
by his Majesty to the Settlers sent
ny have been served, and there arc
Commissioners of Trade and Plan-
said allowance of provisions to such
re being no provision made for con-
— the Commissary of Stores Ac. has
lling Books, and to issue no more
ettlers lately arrived from England,
having been presented to His
plaining of the Behaviour of Jno.
ip Anne, ordered that Jolin Spurrier
fore the Council to-morrow morning

ccm

ED: CORNWALLIS.

HALIFAX.

623

Extract of minute of Council held at the Governors on
Wednesday the 12th of Sept., 1750.

The Council having received an order presented bv the
Justices for tlieir opinion thereon, concerning the suppro'ssing
the scandalous practice of selling Meat and other Things pub-
licly upon the Lords Day highly ai)proved thereof, and order'd
that they should be intbrm'd that the Govr. and Council cant
sufhciently commend their attention to suppress malepractices
and earnestly recommend to them the rigorous prosecution
of their orders.

ED : CORNWALLIS.
N. B.— Mr. Davidson should have countersignd as far as thie.

At a Council holden at the Governours House on Saturdav

Sept. 29tli, 1750

Present —

His Excellency the Governour.

Lt. Colonel Horseman,

Benj. Green,

Sir Danvers Osborne,

John Salusbury.
His Excellency acquainted the Council that it had been
represented to him, that since the late Proclamation for taking
off provisions from all the Settlers excepting those lately ar-
rived from En^dand, a considerable number of industrious
people from thb Colonies, who had complied with the Terms of
Settlers, and had been victualled for some few months past
and had sent for their Families, in Expectation of having pro-
visions for one year from the time of their names being
en(;erd upon the victualling Books as the other settlers have
had, were about to return, as the building of their houses and
the coming on of Winter &c would disenable them from main-
taining their Families the first year without such allowance.

It was the opinion of the Council, that all persons now here
or that shall arrive before the first Day of December next be
victualled for one year from the time of their names being
entered on the victualling Books— provided they duly comply
with the Terms required of Settlers (but not to extend to
persons who only come here to work for themselves a short
time and return.)

The Governour acquainted the Council that it having (some
time since) been represented to him by the Merchants, that it

624

NOVA SCOTIA DOCHMENTS.

was necessary some persons should be appointed to act aa
Notaries public, for this Poit, he had authorised Mr. Willm.
Nisbet, and Mr. Thos. Walkei to act as such till further orders
—his Grace the Arch Bisliop of Canterbury not having as yet
appointed any such officer--and his Excellency further ac-
quainted the Council tliat Lord Duplin had lately informd
him that the persons so appointed sliould be recommended
theref(U- by the Governour and some of tlie Council, in order
to their obtaining his Grace the Arch Bishops Commission.
Whereupon tlio Council gav 3 their opinion that Mr. William
Nisbet and Mr. Thomas Walker are .suitable persons to bo
recommended to his Grace tci be appointed Notaries public for
the Port of Halifax.

The Governour acquainted the Council that Mr. Chancey
Townsond had not duly complied with hia Contract for fur-
nishing the settlement with provisions, and that his Agent,
Mr. Gorrish informd liis Eicellency that he was not autlio-
rised by Mr. Townsend to piocure a supply here, and that aa
the Winter was approaching he thouglit no further time should
be lost in waiting for any Mr. Townsend may have ordered
here, and therefore purposed to purchase what was wanting
at the cheapest Rates it could be procured at, and draw on
Mr. Townsend for the mondy, which the Council advised to

have done.

B. Geeen, Secry.

Extract from minutes of
House on Thursday, Oct. l^th

without
forward

Licence within thjs
as follows, vizt

ED: CORNWALLIS.

Council holden at the Governors
1750.

Advisd, That the Penalty on <ill persons convicted before
the Governour and Council of retailing .Spirituous Liquors

Settlement, be from this time
That the offender for each such
oifence pay Ten pounds Sterlg., one half to the Informer and
the other half to the Poor c f the Settlement— and be publicly
whipt thirty stripes — and tlat in case of the offender's refusing
or neglecting to pay the said sum of Ten pounds, he or she
be committed to his Majes ;y's Goal there to remain the Term
of Three months, and that ^" Proclamation be issued to inform
all persons hereof.

B. Gbeen, Secry.

ED: CORNWALLIS.

HAtlPAX.

625

Oow. CornwaUia to Lords of Trade d Plantatiom.
(copy.)
My Lords,- H^upax, 16th Sept., 1750.

Juno^ mn^T/^^ ''''"' -^°"'" I^O'''^'"?^ letter of the 14th
June 1750. It gives me great concern to hear the repeated
comp a.nts from your Board concerning my Secretary Mr
David.son. I have done all in my power to come at nroof
upon the chfferent articles of Complaint and can' g'et Ce
only hat of Ins hav„,g had share of a Sloop which wfrbyZ
perra.8.s,on, not conceiving any great hurt in it, but the
momen y„ur Lordships were pleased to communicate your
dislike o such a proceeding I put a stop to it. ^

1 shall now take the liberty of answering vonr letter Para-

graph by Paragraph, by which you will seehow 1 tt'e trS

there ,s ,1. many allegations against him, the accounts go home

by the America had they gone Sooner thev must hafe sZ>

imperfect, and by a Letter I recei^pd from your LovdSl

yo,. desired they nnght be made up to MichaelLs so I thougS

U best to send the whole together with Vouchers. Mr

Davidson assures me they could not have been made un

sooner and it don't appear to me that he has been negliLnt^

I am sorry your Lordships should have had uneasiness in

asking the Parliament for large Arrears last year without the

accounts being sent over. I told you in my letters the reasons

they could not be sent over at that time, how your LordsZ

could think there must not have been g;eat arrears rsoZ

what surprising to me, as Forty-four thousand Pou ids and

izTe:z.v:'.r '--^^ ^■''''' --^-^ thousand u:^

iAL^ "''V T'^tl °^ ^ 7^^^^' '^°°^'°S t" the Governor or
to the Secretary's office either before 0° after being at the

Naval offices fact and would be very extraordinary^Scum
stanced as the Province is at present) did they not do so but
to say that nobody can buy or dare sell till Mr. Davidson has
had the refusal I cannot find to be true by any proof I can get

If Mr. Davidson employs three persons for sale of his goods

626

NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

and has large Warehouses
Calendar an half pay officer
and so far from being tilled

is performed three times a
stances may be I can't
apprehend has as much
person, provided it is done

!t is more than I can get at. Mr.

built one, which is tiie only one,

with goods it has been almost since

built, made use of by me fir a CTinrch where Divine Service

week, wiiat Mr. Calendar's circum-

s4y, he is a half-pay officer and I

riglit to Build and Trade as any

at his own expence, which as far

as 1 can learn is the fact.

That Dollars have been bought at New York at a large
premium your Lordships v'ill, l)y the accounts see i.s not fact,
that he tivkes a premium ofj£6 13 4 upon Bills here is not fact
as you will see if carried toj public accounts.

That the Publicans, numerous as they are, pay one Guinea
per mouth for Licences, ifhirty are now licensed, before not
so many, who pay a Guinba a month, tiiis is paid into the
hands of Mr. Ne.sbitt, Cl^rk to the General Court and dis-
tributed by the Clergymen i of the Parish to objects of Charity,
this done by the approbatioki of Governor and Council and Mr.
Hay, Storekeeper. ]

The provisions dont cbme under him, '-but Commissary
Little; the reason of a quantity of Bread being expended
was that it wiis neces.sary to issue Bread instead of Flour, how^
could the Settlers have BiJked, there was but a few ovens
which would by no means have done. That the Settlers from
the Continent have been victualled is certain, or else you
would have had lew or any, they arc not wealthy people and
came upon the terms as the others, if I ought not to have
granted it, it is an error injme, I acted as I thought best for
the Settlement. You would certainly have had an account of
what Provisions remained on Board the Transports after they
arrived and in what mani^er they were issued had not Mr.
Charles the Agent gone htlmc who issued them and was the
proper person to give thej account, and he was ordered so
to do. Mr. Bakers Agent has victualled the Rangers and the
Sloops, as they were victualled as the rest of the Troops at
full allowance, the account I has constantly gone to the Trea-
sury; they perhaps might I make a demand : all these things
are unavoidable if the Seitvice is properly to be carried on:

foreseen before I set out ; many
I could not forsee. Mr. Towns-
end's having victualled tlije Sloops of War, it was thought
necessary the Albany Slooj^ should winter here Captain Rous
could uot have done without being supplied with Provisions.

they could not have been
other expenses arise that

HALIFAX.

627

Mr Townsend is Agent Victualler for the Xavy at Bn^tnn
replaced, but that should be replaced to the Settlen en Mr

ivh,oy,,r I„. g,v„ ,hi, i„f„P„,';i„„ i, boll, wckS rj

Il.u Bill dniwn upon Mr. T„wi,seii.l for Bread which oer

A. ! V. -lownsend of ,t and the reason of it.

would have been kind ni tins instance, as you have been in a I
Others when t be first Bills came in that loose wa; to ha e toW
me of ,t,-no a hn.t from your Board but I take very knd
no an order but I obey with the greatest pleasure a?d Veal

can'tX n H r l" '''? ^l' ^'"^^'^ ''"♦>• *" ^'^"^ done 7 Ind I
can t help thinking he deserves a reprimand for it he must

have observed it at first and his not notif3ing it looks as if he

would be gla.l of any irregularity from this fide. I h'^e ,ow

iCZna"^-^""'^'^*'''' '^"^'^'-'^"^ Paragraphs concerdngT
i^^^^^d^ou^^t^rj^ IS come to ray knowledge, but t& convince

the same year was actinff 4 1) r »„ r'„i».-'^ ,.■*?"'• ^'C^' and
against M,frtinique. Tie wa7 afLwards tttir ^1^"''''°" '" ^'" E>'P^d«ion
American KovolutionarvArmv Sir HW-i^ ^ "T" *' " General in the
m> .hat Mr. G^rtYstKn ot'; H„TseCper"o? Tl^^.'^'f '"«'
married a ,..„„, husl^nd when old. Sir KoKas i godtUtI er -1 i' MS
Doc; Murdoch's A. S. ; 2d voL, note p. 624; A'. York C6l.Doc
t Sic. (tlie>' ?J

628

ROTA SCOTIA DOCOHESTS.

your Lordships I neitlie • intend to defend or protect liim
further than justice — I send him home to answer for his con-
duct— he desires it inde(jd, but had he not, your hist letter
coucerning liim would Jialve convinced me of "the necessity of
it, he carries your Lordships the accounts to the 10th of this
month with their proper jvouchers, which I hope will prove
satisfactory. I dont doulit but your Lordships will approve
of ray sending him hence, though it is inconvenient to me, I
had rather submit to it than that any body should have it to
say that 1 protected iiiml for if wliat is contained in your
Lordships letter is proved against him it would have the
appearance of protecting one of the greatest rascals living.
My Lords I am no way atjtached to him nor desire he should
stay one hour in his employ if he does not clearly satisfy your
Lordships as to his beha\fio»r, and beg yon will dismiss him
if proved guilty of any one of the facts alleged, on the other
hand if he clears himself to your Lordships' satisfaction I hope
you will establish him, as in justice I must say there is not a
person I know more capable of executing the office he is in,
and when I gee the accusitions against him most of which I
know to be false, I have reason to hope all will prove bo.
There is one thing more, his haughty insolent behaviour to the
people, since I have been Jiere ; there is not a person from the
highest to the lowest ha^ not had free access to me, at all
times, wonderful that not One in all this time should have com-
plained to me of his inscjlence. To the other part of your
Lordships letter Captain Oilman has been dismissed some
time, as I in a former letter acqnainted the Board, and Captain
Claphajn manages the Saw| Mill, the command of the Rangera
given to Captain Bartelo ^ good officer and one I can confide
in he has both prudence ^ctivity and courage. Gorham has
my leave to go home as he represents to me great sums are
due to him for raising and keeping up that Company before I
came here, he has the King's Commission though I think him
no officer I can dismiss hjm. It gives me great satisfaction
to find your Lordships Approve the manner in which the
Courts of Judicature l»ajve been established and the due
administration of justicej pursued. The Council were of
opinion a Clerk of the Maj-ket would be necessary at least for
a time till markets were eettled. Your Lordships will consi-
der how Clerks of the Mfjrkets liave been detrimental in the
Military Governmentar ydu mention if the Board thinks it not
necessary he should be dismissed j during the time he acts
particular care shall be taken to prevent abuse or undue pre-
ference or partiality with respect to any person whatever.

HALIFAX.

629

The only uneasiness your letter has created in me is that
any person under me should have given even suspicion of
malpractise to your Lordships.

Your writing to me so fully upon that head I take as a fresh
instance of Friendship and regard you have always shewn
me and which I shall always acknowledge with the utmost
gratitude.

I am, <&c.,

The Lords Commrs. ED. COKNWALLIS.

for Trade <fe Plantations. I

Proclamation for Regulating the Market.
(copy.)

By his Excellency &c., Ac, &c.

Whereas it has been represented to me that great Incon-
venience & prejudice to thia Settlement is occasion'd by the
practice of some persons forestalling the Market, and ingross-
ing large parcels of Cattle, Sheep and Hogs sent to this place for
Sale, and killing and selling the same again at an extravagant
Rate. In order to prevent, for the future, the inconvenience
and prejudice arising from the said practice, I have thought
fit, with the advice and consent of His Majesty's Council of
this province, to issue this proclamation, hereby strictly for-
bidding all persons re.=iding within this Settlement, after the
publication hereof, to purchase or bargain for, within Twenty
miles of the Town of Halifax nor from on board any Vessel in
the Harbour, any Cattle, Sheep or Hogs, coming to this place
for sale, until the same shall have been drove to the public
market place on the parade, and notice thereof given by the
Cryer, that so all persons may have opportunity to supply
themselves before the said Beasts be ingrossed by any persons,
in order to their being by them kill'd for Sale, on penalty of
the forfeiture of every Beast so purchased or bargain'd for,
upon due conviction before a Justice of the peace (to the use
of the poor.) i

Given under my hand Ac,

Nov. 19th, 1750. I

I ED: CORNWALLIS.,
By His Excellencys
command, &c. !

B. Gbeen, Sec. to ye Council.

^^^ NOVA SCpni. DOCUMENTS.

Governor VornwalUi to Lords of Trade, dc.

(copy.)
My Lords, —

Halifax, 27th November, 1750.

I am

.. ,,.^j „,,v. niv.li ai^cuui

the Rum and Molasses tliey
England comes cheaper by
is a infamous practice, and

, ., . . - "■" assured tlie New England people

have this year carried nui^bers of Dollars to Louisbourg.

' purchase there and run to New-
paying Dollars than in truck. It

T I I • ' t"'-' ■■■.•" r""'*^ ^® worthy the attention of
your Lordships I am infqrmed they now carry Rum and
Molasses from Louisbourg ahd enter it, and the affair is com-
pounded. When the duty ^Ls laid upon these commodities,
It was thought equal to a prohibition, and they were obliged
1 'T L J^F ^'° *''""^r n^-^essary for what I know, for
the benefit of the revenue t\> suffer them to import it paying
a small duty, but this mischief attends it, they supply Louis-
bourg with every necessar>, and the advantage is so groat
upon this traffic, that they g^. sooner there than to this Port
. ^ Pr°P«^^ to your Lordshijijs sending over Dollars. There
18 still another method, if a base coin was stamped and sent
over, It would answer the purposes of the Colony, would re-
main in it and be a cheap way of supplying it. I have had
much talk with Sr. D'Anve^s Osborne upon this; we have
talked ikevvise with the mpst knowing people here, and I
should be glad to refer your jLordships to him upon this mat-
ter as well as all others, as l^e is thoroudily Master of them.
The difficulty of getting moijey this year has been inconceiv-
able, both for the Troops an(l the Colony.

Some gentlemen of Bostoi^ who have long served the Go-
vernment, because they hate not the supplying of every
thing, have done all the misc^hief they could; their substance
which they have got from th^ Public enables them to distress
and domineer; without theni, they say, we can't do and so
must comply with what terms they think proper to impose ;
these are Messrs. Apthorp anid Hancock, the two richest Mer-
chants m Boston; made so by the public money and now
wanton in their insolent denjands. Tlioy were proffered to
supply all things from Boston^ provided they would do it upon
as reasonable terms as otherp. and supply money. No— un-
less every thing wanted was ^aken from them, they would not
• and have endeavoured as far ka in them lies, to depreciate the

HALIFAX. 631

credit of the province. I have employed Mr. Gunter, a per-
son who has shown his regard for the settlement by laying
out a great deal of money in it, whereas the others have
not contributed a sixpence to it, and have had the supplying,
I dare say one half of the noces-saries wanted, and this is the
return they make. It is quite indifferent to me who is em-
ployed. I wish to God some person you confide in was sent
out to transact the affairs of the Country relating to monev
matters.

Since I sent Mr. Davidson to England to give an account of
his transactions, together with the accounts, I have appointed
Mr. Green Treasurer, he seems well acquainted with the busi-
ness, and you will see by his accounts now sent you, that he
has method and propriety, very fit I think for the employment,
well recommended by Sr. Peter Warren and Mr. Hopson, and
the only person indeed I have for business, which is a misfor-
tune as I know little of it myself

I have applied myself as closely as possible to each branch,
but indeed my Lords it is too much for any one person, the
distresses I meet with, the variety I have to go through Sir
Danvers Osborne can testify ; the fear I am under of not
acting satisfactory to your Lordships gives me great uneasi-
ness. Tlicre is a Bill protested drawn by Lieutenant JIartin
for five hundred pounds — as I would endeavour to preserve
the credit, I have given a Bill for that sum, upon my Agent,
which I hope your Lord.ships will order to be paid.
, _ Messrs. Delancy and W^utts of New York, Avho have done all
in their power to serve the Government, complain greatly of
Mr. Kilby, his not acquainting them whether their Bills were
paid or not, his threatening them with the charge of the Pro-
test of their Bills and all costs. Indeed my Lords, Mr. Kilby
wants looking after, and if the complaints made against him at
New England and New York are true, will ruin the credit and
every being of the Province. I know little of him, he is a
very fair spoken man but in trade and has his connections in
New England and if what is said be true gives very unjust
preferences in his payments of Bills.

As this place has been put upon no Establishment, the
Board of Ordnance do nothing, so that every thing granted
where troops are, and are necessarily wanted, I am obliged to
supply at the expense of the Colony, dear and bad, such as
Bedding for the Troops which they always supply to Garri-
sons. As this is proposed as the capital, it would be highly
uecessary it should be attended to. Annapolis Royal is under

632

cori

NOrA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

their care and well suppliedlwith every thing, of much less
importance than this place. fThe repairs of the different forts
small as they are, will require expense ; Chignecto must be'
made strong, and a good F4rt. What is at present done, I
hear is well done, but by nO means the thing it must be. If
It was under the board of Ordinance, and proper Instructions
given to their Engineers, it i^ould do well, and the expense
ascertained annually ; this myt Lords I earnestly press.

The Swiss that came over ^e in general good industrious
people. I sent a dozen of theim to Pisiquid to see the country
that is very fine, they returi^ well pleased, and I hope have
made a good report to theij- friends ; the more of them we
hove the better.

Whatever strength is sen^, either as to Sea or Land, or
whatever addition of Sottlersj, I earnestly entreat their being
sent early— had the troops and settlers arrived in May instead
of August, you wjuld have had a fine Settlement' at Chig"
uecto this year, and Corn ehougli by next to have supplied
•he Colony. ] '^

I have great hopes My Lorcjs, indeed I may say I have no
doubt, notwithstanding the obstructions I have met with if
properly supported at home, c^f making this Colony answer all
expectations that could be had from it. The fishery has done
wen for the first year, better in proportion than New England
or Newfoundland, it having fajled greatly everywhere. 1 told
your Lordships thirty thousand quintals I thought would be
made, but it turns about twenty five thousand. I have great
hopes of having i>eople from the West of England next year
tor the Fishery. Mr. Holsw^rth of Dartmouth sent people
here this year, they have cleajrod ground to begin upon the
rishery next.
I shall send the accounts rejgularly every Quarter.

I pm &c.

rru r ^ r. • . ^^- CORNWALLIS.

ine Liords Commissioners

for Trade & Plantations.

.^•^•~:^ ''*^<^ information of a Brigantine called the two
friends having sailed from the River some time in August ;

as she is not arrived I fear she

is lost.

HALIFAX.

63a

Lords of Trade to Chvernor ComwaUia.

Sir,—

Whitehall,
March 22nd, 1750-1.

As we have had no opportunity of writing to you since
the 2Cth of June, and Parliament has since voted £57,582
19 3 J to make good the Arrears of former years, and £53,927
14 4 to defray the expences of this. Wo have taken this, the
earliest Opportunity, of giving you this Information, of an-
swering such Letters from you as remain unanswered, and
recommending such things to your Consideration as Wo think
it necessar^ and material for you to consider and observe in
your future administration of the Colony entrusted to your
Care.

Your Letters contain a great Variety of Particulars, upon
all which We are desirous of making our Sentiments known
to you; and therefore that what We shall say may be the more
clear. We choose to treat each Article by itself and range
under each distinctly all tliat We think it necessary to suggest
to you under it, rather than to follow the Dates of your Letters
and make express and separate Answers to them, and whatever
is contained in them. This certainly is the most natural and
intelligible method, and We imagine it will bo most Satisfac-
tory to yourself, as you will now see collected together under
each Head the whole of our opinion upon it.

We laid before you in our last the very great uneasiness,
which had arisen to Us from not having your accounts trans-
mitted to Us ; The receiving them since in the manner We
have done, without any Vouchers for many of the most consi-
derable Articles, created farther Difficulties, but We have the
Pleasure to inform you, that We were able from your accounts
themselves to give such Reasons in justification of the past
- Expences as wore satisfactory to the House of Commons, and
at the same time to give the" House such a View of the State
of the Province, and the astonishing Progress, which you have
by your active and wise Conduct made in so short a time
towards perfecting the great national Work you are engaged
in, as induced everybody to join with Chearfulness in granting
the Sum We asked for defraying the Charges of this Year.
j^You must be sensible that it is not possible to preserve the
credit of such a Service as this, truly national in its Object, but
expensive in its Measure, unless upon all Occasions the true
and best Answers are given to whatever Doubts or Objections

634

NOVA SC0TIA DOCUMENTS.

i^e ; and therefore We do not doubt
to send your .iccounts regularly
and give Us Leave to add further,

occur in the minds of Peop
but that you will continue
and by every Opportunity ;

that it will be of advantage to Us and the Affairs of the Pro-
vince, if you make your Letters as full and particular as you
can upon everything relative to the Expences, Situation,
Progress, and extraordinary Occurrences of your Colony.

Of the Sum voted for tile Expences of this current Year
X3o,266 will be to be paid iii England upon the Contracts for
victualling the Settlers ana Troops, for allowance to foreign
Protestants, and for what materials, Tools, &c., it may be
necessary to send from hence ; The sum of £18,661 will remain
to be api)lied to defray such Expences as are to be paid in the
Colony, out of which after you have paid the three Companies
of Ringers, the Hire and Wages of the Six Sloops, the charges
of Civil Officers, and the other lesser Articles of your annual
Expences, there will remaiji but £10,000 for materials, Arti-
ficers, Labourers and all other Incidental Expenses.

* * ♦ * jf {],Q sitiijition of the Province should be
such as that consistant with the Safety of it, an\' Reductions
can be made upon the Ciyil or Military Establishment, the
Savings from such Reductions may be applied to what extra-
ordinary Purposes you shall think best, but all extraordinary
Works, however proper or i^ven necessary, which not coming
within this Estimate shall cieate more Exceedings to be asked
for in the next Year, will gijeatly lessen the Zeal of Parliament
for the settlement itself, ana perhaps make the House of Com-
mons unwilling to give wlfat the}' otherwise would, for the
Maintenance and Support bf it : As to publick Works, you
would therefore do right to carry on as many of them as the
Appropriation of the Moneiy to other Expences will permit,
but always remembering tli^t nothing is so essentially requi-
site to the Welfare and futlure Success of your Undertaking
as to preserve the good Opinion and affection of Parliament
towards it, which cannot bd done but by keeping to that Rule
and Degree of Expence, which they prescribe in their Grants
from a sense of what the Circumstances of the Nation can
bear, or the State of the Colony require, which has been very
fully stated to the House, j

Upon considering the ^timatc. Wo can find no Articles
upon which Savings arc likely to arise, unless it bo upon the
three Companies oi Hangeiis, some of which you may perhaps
be able to discharge, the six Sloops which possibly may not
ail bo still necessary, or thd Number of Civil OfiScers ; and if

HALIFAX.

635

upon any of these Savings should be made, there will then be an
opportunity of proceeding further towards clearing George's
Island, and completing any other Works which shall a[)pear
the most necessary ; but We must advise you rather to post-
pone even the most necessary Works than to exceed the
Estimates.

We have been the more particular and earnest in enforcing
this Caution to you, upon finding that so great a Part of the
past Exceedings have arisen from tho charge of publick Works,
and because We are sensible that it is natural for you living
upon the Spot and intent upon fiin'shing everytliing which can
give Convenience to the Settlers and Security to the Settle-
ment, to fall soonest into Exceedings of this kind.

Wo observe also that a great additional expence has arisen
from your not having been able to find any lime stones, and
therefore we recommend to you to make experi.nients of every
kind of stone you meet with, the written accounts of many
persons who have formerly lived in the province perfectly
agreeing that stone proper for tho making of lime is to be
found in ditforont parts of it.

You will observe by the Estimate, (a Copy of which is here-
with sent you, and also of the account laid before Parliament,)
that 1000 foreign Protestants are to be sent this year from
Holland upon the same Terms as those who went the last ; and
as we are sensible how much the Effect of this Measure
depends upon the Time of Embarkation, and what great Diffi-
culties arose last year from the Settlers not arriving at the
time Mr. Dick engaged they should. Wo have this Year in
the strongest manner insisted that these Settlers shall sail in
the beginning of Maj' at furthest ; and at present We have no
Doubt but Mr. Dick will perform every }iart of his Engage-
ment. We have also informed him of the Complaints you
made against the Settlers of last year, and warned him against
sending any by this Embarkation, which are either old or
infirm.

When these people arrive, you will dispose them as you
think best for the general Service of the Colony.

♦ * * * Besides the People to be sent by Mr. Dick,
We have hopes of sending 300 Swiss Protestants, and those
labouring men only, upon a Contract with Mens, du Pasquier,
the Person you sent to Us, and upon tho Plan you recom-
mended.

It was with groat satisfaction Wo heard last Year of the
opportunity you prudently took of reducing the Price of

636

NOVA SCPTIA DOCnMENTS.

Labour by the means of foreign Protestants, and We hope
that tliese 300 Swiss, who kill come to your Colony engaged
for a year in the public Service at one Shilling a Day, will
make a further Reduction, \Sc create a great Saving in what-
ever pui)lic works you shal| carry on. We must also observe
to you, that altlio' the £24)00 be" paid at iiome upon the Con-
tract for these People, yet ((hat the whole article will be a nett
Saving to you upon the Esipences incur'd in the Colony, as
you will from the time of ^heir arrival have so many Hands
ife so much Labour to be us^ in carrying on the public Works,
not to be accounted for outiof the £10,000 appropriated in the
Estimate to that particular Service.

* * * » As the Comjputation for the Victualling of the
Settlers includes 200O Por4>ii.s, and the number sent over this
year will be at the most 13)}0, We are in Hopes there will be
a Saving also upon this Article, more especially if by new
Settlements made on the [other side of the Province any
Method can be struck out ojf furnishing Halifax with Cattle or
fresh Provisions from thence.

We cannot leave this Siibject without observing to you
that it would be very Satisfuetory to us to receive from time
to time more exact accounts than we have hitherto had of
your Receipt and ConsumjJtion of Provisions. Large as the
Consumption has been, we fiave no doubt of its having been
necessary, but then we shoi^ld be glad to know what Checks
you keep upon the Store kejeper, and what is the proportion
of waste; upon all which ])iirticu]ars you will be sure to give
us full Information, if yc)u follow "the directions of
Instructions, to which we r^fer you.

It was with great Conct^rn we read those parts of your
which relate to tl)e Detriment which you say the

your

Lette

the
Colony has received from tlie Delay tliere was the Last" Year
in the Payment of some Billk you drew for the public Service ;
but we must at the same tjme inform you that you are mis-
taken in Imagining that anjv Bill was protested. When the
Grant of the year was Established, immediate payment became
impossible, and the Treasury not being able to advance any
great sums in payment of t|ie Extraordinary demands for one
Service out of money appijopriated by Parliament to other
uses, the only method that could be taken to avoid the neces-
sity of protesting the Bills, jwas to accept them, and promise
the payment out of the nexfj vote of Parliament.

This delay was necessarjj-, and this was all the delay the
Bilk had, which argues np inattention in the Government

. Xjillil

bampax. ' Of

here, either to the credit of your Bills or the welfare of the
Settlement, but only shews the absolute necessity in all Cases
and upon every occasion of keeping within the grant of Par-
liament for the maintenance of the Credit of your Bills and
the general Welfare of the Settlement. * » * *

It may perhaps be of service towards the Attainment of
this good end, and for establishing a perfect understanding be-
twixt the Town of Halifax, and other parts of the Penin.«ula
to settle the foreign Protestants amongst the fFrench Inhabi-
tants where ever you desire to have a Settlement made ; but
then you must be carefull to send them in such Numbers, as
may make their Residence safe to themselves and under the
Conduct of such leading men of prudence and steadiness as
may have a Watchfulness both over them and the people they
are mixed with.

* * * * When the Province is entirely secured, and
the State of it admits of such a Measure being safely taken,
We hope you will withdraw the Provisions now allowed to
the Troops, besides their Pay, which is a Help that from the
Consequences of it, it would perhaps be dangerous to under-
take at an improper time, but which from the groat Expence
of it ought not to be delayed a moment longer than is abso-
lutely necessary.

The great and happy Progress of the Fishery which We
impute in a great measure to your Diligence, and to the
Satisfaction and Encouragement which the People find under
your Government will ceitainly be a great moans both of
fixing the Settlers you have and inducing others to come over
to you ; it will also be no inconsiderable step towards opening
a Trade betwixt Great Britain and Nova Scotia by providing
something within the Province to be given in Exchange for
the Manufactures it may receive from hence ; but We must
also exhort you, without meaning to lessen the Utility of the
Fishery, to divide out the Lots of Land to Settlers as fast as
you can, and imploy them in clearing their Lands, that every
man may fall into a way of subsisting himself and his Family
with the produce of his own Industry, Corn and Provisions bo
raised in the Province, the Communication extended, and
some Advances made towards turning the soil and the Natural
product of the Country to the Advantage of the Colony itself,
His Majesty's West India Settlements and the Mother Country.

* * * * As the number of your People increases and
the Settlement extends itself, you will do well as you enlarge
your Police to keep strictly to the Principal and model of civil

638

son sctmi BecnwDRS.

Goverment described in youif Inatructions ; and great Satisfac-
tion has already been expressed here in the Temper and Frame
of that civil Government which you Iiave ah-eady Eatablisiied.

The illicit Trade which is n|ow carried on between the North-
ern Colonys and the ffrench,4nd the IForeigu Settlements, which
as you have experienced dnijws a great part of the money out
of your Province, lias been] under the Consideration of this
Board, and is now before Parliament ; and We hope that it will
be effectually regulated by siime future Act of the Legislature.

# * * * Upon the whole We are in every Respect ex-
tremely pleased with the Assiduity, Prudence, Firmness, Zeal,
and ability with which you |iave surmounted the Difficultys,
obviated the dangers and disjcharged the Dutys of your Situa-
tion ; was it necessary We would exhort you to continue the
same Conduct for your owni honour and the Interest of the
Province. Wo heartily wish you Success in your measures
for securing the Province, for reconciling the minds of the
neutral fl'renoh to the British Interest for bringing the Indians

to a better agreement witl
Fishery and the Settlement

you the Advancement of the
of the Peninsula; but above all
things. We earnestly recortmend it to you as an Essential
Poiiit, without which all othc^r Schemes for the final Success
of your Undertaking are as nothing. Strictly and invariblj' to
keep within the Grant of ^'arliament. Public Works in an
infant (Jolony are. We are Sensible, very necessary for the
convenience of the people, tlie officers of Governmont and for
common security. We wislj all such Public Works done in
Nova Scotia as fast as they dan be prudently and consistently
with the main service; but JWe are against all Such as can
not be brought within the ^up|ily of the Year; for neither
publick buildings nor any ptlier Work whatever can be so
necessary for the future sujbport of the Colony, as the pre-
serving tlio Kindness of PaVliament for it, which cannot be
preserv'd, but by keeping the Expences of it within what
Parliament judges it convenpnt, prudent and proper for the
Public to give. So We bid you heartily farewell and are
Your verj Loving Friends
anc humble Servants,

DUNK HALIFAX,
J. GRENVILLE,
DUPPLIN,

CHARLES TOWNS FIEND,
FRAN. FANE.
Eon. Col. Cornwallis

Govr. of Nova Scotia.

- ^

HALIFAX.

639

Extracts from. Minutes of Council. Halifax 1750-1.

At a Council holden at the Governour's House on Monday
January 14th, 1750-1.

It was ordered, that the Town and Suburbs of Halifax be
divided into Eight Wards, and the Inhabitants be impowerd
annually to choose the following Officers for managing such
prudential affairs of the Town as shall be committed to^tlieir
Care by the Governour and Council, vizt: — V

Eight Town Overseers,
One Town Clerk,
Sixteen Constables,,,
Eight Scavengers. ■'

ED :

B. Green, Sec : Cone :

CORNWALLIS.

At a Council holden at the Governour's House on Saturday
February 16th, 1750-1.

Stephen Adams and Thomas Keys were examin'd before
the Council, and found guily of having reported false news to
the prejudice of this Settlement, and scandalous Lies of his
Excellency the Govr.— Ordered that sd. Adams and Keys be
whipt each Twenty stripes, when his Excelly shall order
the same to be inflicted. eD : CORNWALLIS.

B. Gbeen, Sec : Cone : | \

At a Council holden at the Court Chamber at Halifax,

May 3rd, 1751.

Present —

His Excellency the Governour,

John Horsman,

John Gorham,

Benj : Green, \ Esqrs., Councrs.

John Salusbury,

Wm. Steel,

The following persons were examin'd upon the presentment
of the Grand Jury, for selling spiritous Liquors by retail with-
out Licence, vizt. : j ^^

)

640

NOVA

SCOTIA DOCDMENTS.

Benj. Green, Sec : Cone

the
the
the

ED: CORNWALLIS.

Motd!; m:;17X' mi* *'' ^''^^™°"'-'« House at Halifax on
IPbesent—
His Excellency The Govt.
Jno. Horseman,
I <Jno. (jjorham,

Benj. iGreen, [ Connors.
Jno. Salnabury,
Wm. fiteele,

tiot'vttV'''*'" "^'""r^^ ""' *'' '°"°"'°^ ^™'=>^'"-

Whereas Complaint has teen marlo tr. ,„„ *i i
Within this Settlement, make a ^raohV^ f ' ""^ 'T^ ^^''''''^

this proc amation hereby frtrl.;,1,l;nn^^rii ^ l^ouncil to issue

ED: CORNWALLIS.

Which proclamation was jjublished accordingly.

BALIPAX.

641

Got). DomiDoUts to Lords of Trade and Plantations.

(COPT.) :

Halifax, 24 June, 1751.
My Lords, —

I am honoured with your Letter of the 22nd of March.
I shall endeavour to follow your Lordship's example by an-
swering each article and finish by giving your Lordships as
clear and as distinct an account of our situation as possible.
The not being able to send home the accounts in so regular a
manner as I hoped for gave me the utmost concern ; this was
occasioned by Mr. Davidson's not having double vouchers ;
this I was not aware of when I wrote your Lordships vouchers
should be sent, and I did not care to detain him as I might
not have had an opportunity of sending him by the time you
pressed for the accounts--! could not part with the vouchers
and I thought it less necessary as the Council had examined
them and pointed out the failures — this disappointment deter-
mined me to fall upon the method now followed, that it might
not happen again, and I am glad it meets your Lordships ap
probation— No man living has felt more anxiety and pain
upon account of the great exceedings upon the votes of Par-
liament ; but upon my word My Lords the service is so great
end extensive so different from what could be thought of ai first
setting out, that I dont wonder but am greatly concerned at it —
At first setting out it was said what has he to contend with 3 or
400 Indians only, it is peace and no other enemy to fear, had this
turned out to have been the case I should have been ashamed
and confounded to have made such exceedings, I should have
been ashamed not to have given you an account of the entire
establishment of this Province ero this, and that every settler
was well employed either in the Fisher.v, some clearing their
Lands, others ploughing and sowing in as good laud as there
is in Europe, but how far different has been the case your
Lordships well know ; the French have not only set on the
Indians but have acted in conjunction with them they have
entered and took possession of part of the Province drove off
the Inhabitants forced them to swear allegiance to the French
King and in short acted with as much vigour and done as
much harm to us as they could have done in open War ; this
being the case the expense is not to be wondered at but
however My Lords I shall always pay just and due regard to
your remonstrances. I shall desist from further works tho'
with regret as I am not conscious of one man being employed

•I

ml§m

642

NOVA SCOTIA boCUMENTa.

HAtWAX.

643

that is not essential, Th«tak|ng possession ^J^^^^^^j^l

must postpone, carrying ["^"'^^ J?''",t?^„,ar. 1 could have

^^Vd'r\;Tkro.rn you^SKS^^^ -nor as I am
wished 1 had Known j-u f„r- when I come to relate the

''^fV 'Ttbe'SvS Taf persuaded you will think it
situation ot the rrovmoe i Siif:, ^^i^^a it arises irom
impossible to save upon tj^^^^f/'^^^^t^jj" ^f uncompleteness

what I am sorry to J»ff "1 y^^^l.V^T?' er „ n"^ ^"^'''"'^ '^"'^
of the Rangers-I had officers till ^^^^^vius^c git a Com-
could not get twenty men .^ .n^^f^xceed the estimate,
pany from New England ^ f « f ^J*^^^^,^^^"^;^ the number
Is if I Inckily g«\. -™ ;^J 'i L me Stone that there may
allowed: the next thing is *| |"^ /i, : „,.tg of the Pro-
be and I believe certainly >^Jjf ^^f, °' ^^'"Je much and the

^■"'^f 'IflS's in'ttpro^LTmakeVu difficult and dan-
number ot Inctians m "'^ f \. c , ,: and I have none to

come to the «tate of the FioW at M.nas ^^ ^^^^^.^^^

and that is my mtention none t'^'^J f ^^^Ji^.^ ,hall receive
upon change to a ditferent ^t f t^e 1 rovm ^^^ j

aiain as they ."Jf ^ f ?", f, °*f;^^^^^^^ the Swiss it may

am pleased with the V°"*'^s 1^," ^rice of labour a circum-
be i means of ^^.H lowering t^.ei^rice "J ^ „;^ ^ ^^

stance I attend much tO;^ T >« "^f ^^^^^^^ jble upon the

may depend upon 7'y.P«"'f\„*'*;'^d believe the Officers
Books. As to the ^'I't^O, f '0P« "^^^^^^^^ ^f Provision tho'
will be satisfied to part ^''^Fj^'^/Xved them ; this I have
they had it at I^«»«';>"'-gV!j Ir Officers and Men ; at the
hitherto staved "^ l'^':^.M' t now I am'^Jon thi's article
other Forts necessity °bj'gea i. noj^ l a p ^^^

I must observe to your Lordships ™^™ ,f ^ould not
what I should be loth to re'^tejf ^^7,X^Xbitants pay
attest tho' we are .^"""'^"Jfif.^^fjord for firewood whicfi is

ceases.

[ am &c.

ED: CORNWALLIS.

Esqrs., Gounclrs.

At a Council holden at the Governour's House at Halifax \
on Thursday July 11th, 1751.

Present—'

His Excellency the Qovernour.
Col. Horsman,
Col. Gorham,
B. Green,
J. Salusbury,
W. Steele.

His Excellency the Govr. acquainted the Council that appli-
cation had been made to him for Liberty to erect a Distilling
house, on tho Lot of Mr. Fairbanks within this Town ; and
desir'd their Opinion whether it might be convenient to suffer
such house to be erected in that place.

The Council having taken it into Consideration, and con-
sulted the Laws of the other Colonies, relating to the erecting
such houses within Towns &c., were unanimously of opinion,
that it will be dangerous and inconvenient to suffer any Dis-
tilling house to be erected upon the said Lot, or in any place
within the picketted Lines of the Town of Halifax.

His Excellency communicated to tho Council a proclamation
which he proposed to issue, to oblige persons havg Lots in
this Town and the Suburbs thereof, to build upon and improve
the same, within a limited time, upon penalty of forfeiture
thereof, wh. the Council unanimously approved of.

His Excelly. informed the Council of the arrival yesterday
of a number of palatine Settlers, and desird their opinion of
the best method of disposing of them. The Council were of
opinion That it would be most convenient to land them for the
present at Dartmouth, and employ them in picketing in the

back ot the sd. Town. ,^ . x ^ t^,

ED: CORNWALLIS.

Chvernor CornwdaU to Lords of Trade and Plantations,

Halifax, 4th September, 1751.

My Lords, — , , -.

* * * * As there is to be a conference at George*
in New England with the Lidians, I have taken that oppor-
tunity to try if an accommodation could be brought about,
and have empowered Colonel Mascarene to act m behalt ot

g44 HOVA sconij docttmests.

this Province : by the behaviotir of the Indians lately, I have
some glimmering of hopes. The St. Johns have already ac-
coDted a belt of Wampum, wjiich is a token of accommoda-
tion, this I am obliged to do bj way of New England, as there
is"no coming at them from tJnB Provmce, there is a visible
alteration in the behaviour of ^he French at Minas and Pizi-
auid • they have this year cultivated well their land, and have
Jreat crops, a quantity of CoU to dispose of over & above
what will servo their Families; this will be of great service
to this settlement at this cilitical juncture, both as to the
French Inhabitants and Indiai^s it would be improper to send
the Germans into that part of the Country. I have therefore
bv advice of the Council, determined to place them back
Bpon the Peninsula, where they will be in security, and in a
Bhort time the Peninsula will \>e cleared and we shall be able
abundantly to supply ourselves, and they will be ready at all
times to tTansplant themselves higher m the Country when
opportunity offers, which cant be to do any good till we are at
p^ce with the Indians ; Partners cant live within Forts and
must go in security upon tljeir business to make it turn to

""MonshTu" bupacquier has rfetnrned,but brought only twenty
Swiss out of the 300 promiged, two ships only are arrived
with Germans, but I under.st4nd by Mr. D.c4c two more are ta
arrive ; the 24th of August i^ very late. What are come, in
appearUce, are better than t^e last. I should advise the not
Sing mo're till affairs chai^ge. Peace with the Indians and
there will in my opinion be i»o want of settlers.

As to the Fishery I belieye it will turn out pretty much

as last year. Your Lordships will see by the records of

Council sent every quarter, we have given a Iwunty upon

Fish, which arises from a duty upon spirituoiis Liquors , this

we could expect no great advantage irom this year, but as

many substantial people have been here and propose coming

down next year, as I imagined induced by the bounty I hope

it will answer well. There is likewise bounty upon building

Vessels, this is likely to answer well many having commenced

building; this I hope will ^aeet your Lordships approbation,

and I do it doubt of the dutir answering without any expense

at home, would to God thJ whole could be thus answered.

Great quantity of Land is cleared about the Town and every

Sling Jromises well here, |Iid your Lordsh.ps consider the

difficulties, the distresses «ind disappointments I have met

wiTh and Struggled thro', 1 should flatter myself you would

HALIFAX.

645

rather pity and cherish, than censure and discomfort. I have
now I think given your Lordships a perfect account of our
present situation, and must conclude with desiring your Lord-
ships to consider at my setting out for this Province, that two
or three years at most was the time I was to continue, and
that you would intercede that His Majesty would be gra^
ciously pleased to allow of my resignation of the Government
and grant me liberty of returning home to give an account ot
my administration, and some respite after ten years constant
service and my health of late but indifferent and must by my
constant employ grow worse. I have requested the same
favor of his Grace the Duke of Bedford.

I am &c.

ED. CORNWALLIS.

The Lords Commrs.

for Trade <fe Plantations.

P s —Since I wrote this the Gosport, Man of War Captn.
Pye Commander is arrived, but I am not honoured with any
letter from your Board. Captn. Pye informs me he is not to
winter here, he might as well not have been sent, unless what
strength is sent comes in the Spring they are useless.

Oovernor CornwaUis to Lords of Trade & Plantations.

Halifax, 4th September, 1751.

^ aT Mr."Townsend has not fulfilled his Contract nor capa^
bio of doing so as you will see by a Letter to his Agent irom
their correspondents Messrs. Leny & Franks of Philadelphi.i-
that the settlers may not want during the Winter 1 have
ordered Mr. Bakers Agent to supply what is wanted lor to
close the Winter months, and give bills upon Mr. Townsend.
I leave the other quarter to be supplied as your Lordsliipa
shall direct, but hope there wiU be considerable saving upoa.

this year's Contract.

I am dec.

The Lords Commrs.

for Trade & Plantations.

ED. CORNWALLIS.

— iPiL

646

NOVA SCOTli DOCUHENTS.

Governor CornwaUia to Li^rda of Trade d; Plantations.

Halifax.

(copy.)

My Lords, —

The Men of War being detained by contrary winds gives
me an opportunity of informiiig your Lordships of a transac-
tion that m all probability w 11 be carried home and in which
I hope I shall have approbatic^n and support in. The trading
to Louisburgh is what I have endeavoured to discountenance
and prevent ever since I hajve been here as being the most
pernicious thing that could happen both in regard to the
Colony and the public, notwitjistanding which attempts have
been made to render this thei repository for the Louisburgh
Merchandize and this chiefly Supported and carried on by Mr.
Manger * who is employed a^ Agent Victualler to the Navj
here, it was he that applied home concerning a vessel con-
demned last year in the Adniiralty Court upon an interlocu-
tary sentence given and thj' he was informed by Doctor
Salisbury of the legality of th^ proceedings of that Court and
that the Governor did well to Suppress so pernicious a practice
he has still proceeded ; as thepe proceedings were laid before
your Lordships for your oppnion I should be glad your
Lordships would favor me >vith an answer — the case at
present is information was gi\ten me that a Sloop had landed
several Counterband goods fijom Loui-sburgh, that they had
been carried upon trucks pnblicly and lodged in different
parts of the Town, upon whicjii I issued my Warrant to the
Judge of the Admiralty Courlj to seize the vessel and search
the suspected parts of the Town for these goods, several of
which were found so dispersetj. The officer had suspicion of
Mr. Maugers Storehouse bein^ an oflFender by public report

• Joshua Mauger was a Merchant ^rom England; he had been connected
with Government Contracts at Louisboiirg, and appears to have visited Ilali&x
for the purposes of commerce only. In 1761, he held the office of Agent
Victualler for the Navy at Halifax. ; In 1754, he had shops established «t
Pisiquid, Minas and other places for the sale of goods and liquor to the French
and Indians. He had a still-house for making rum, which he supplied to the
Troops and Navy. This still-house wlas situated near the lite of Connors',
late Marchington's wharf, north of th^ Ordnance Yard in Water Street. Mr.
Mauger had some differences with Gov^. Cornwallis, respecting the importation
of goods from Louisbourg, which forpis the subject of the foregoing letter.
He returned to England about the yeaf 1761, and was appointed by the House
of Assembly, agent for the province. He resigned this office in May 1762, on
obtaining a seat in the British Parliament, and was succeeded in the agency by
Richard Cumberland the poet. The Beach at the entrance of Halifax harbour
origmally belonged to Mr. Mauger ahd still retains his name.— Al S. MS.
Doc; Journals of Assembly; Murdoch's N. S.; vol. 2.

HALIFAX.

647

and demanded the keys of His Storehouse, he absolutely
denied his searching the house tho' he showed him the
Wai;raut. The Officer reported to me his refusal upon which
I sent my Secretary to him to toll him that I apprehended
I had done no more than my diity and that I would support
the Warrant, that I should be sorry to proceed to violence
but would support my authority in support of the Laws, and
if he did not deliver the Keys I would have the Doors opened,
upon which he sent me tho enclosed impertinent letter — finding
him persist I ordered tho Civil Officer to open his warehouse,
and if he met with obstruction in the lawful execution of his
duty I would support him, but did not care to send force
without absolute necessity and desired Mr. Mauger to send
one of his people which he did, he opened the Storehouse in
presence of Mr. Maugcr's Clerk and found only some Casks
of French Molasses which Mr. Mauger pretends was part of a
Cargo I gave him leave to import as part of his stock at the
evacuation of Louisburgh, this is here treated by Mr. Mauger
as a violent arbitrary and illegal proceeding and what he ia
determined to prosecute in England, how far it is so your
Lordshipsmust judge, I defend the legality of it and hope it
will be found so by your Lordships. They, by what I can
find object to its going thro' the Admiralty, I think it well
warranted in that point, they dispute about the time whether
the Sun was set, by an ofBcer that was present who looked
at his watch, I believe the sun was not set by the hour of the
day, it was five o'clock, November 13th, how far that point is
of consequence I cant say but apprehend T have a right upon
information to search for proliibited good at all times. I can
truly affirm to your Lordships that I have acted with the
greatest tenderness in regard to trade and call the whole
Colony to witness it and never have laid any stress but upon
that cursed and pernicious one of Louisburgh which my
Instructions so fully point out to me and which I dare say T
shall be supported in and if your Lordships should bo of
opinion that I have acted as becoming my Station with regard
to my Instructions and tho public welfare I hope Mr. Mauger
will no longer be employed by the victualliujr Board or in His
Majesty's employ, being persuaded that this is done for a trial
whether this Colony is to be tho seat of fair trade a protection
to those who pursue it, or a rendezvous for smugglers and
people who keep a constant correspondence to Louisburgh
with no good design I firmly believe to the Colony.

I have great reason to think that two of the Vessela seized

1 i

i I

$48

NOVA 800TIA DOCTIIENTS.

at Louisburgh by way of reprisal he was concerned in, and one
certain proof of his correspondence and good harmony with
those at Louisbnrgh, his getting his kinsman sent home who
was taken Prisoner by the Indians when it was not in my
Power to get one of tlie other's.

As this takes its rise from an absolute prohibited trade I
refer your Lordships to the l^S article of my general Instruc-
tions and the 23rd and last article of mj' Instructions relating
to Trade and Navigation. I have sent you a copy of my
Warrant to the Judge of the
of the Officer threupon.

I |m, &o.,

The Lords Commrs.

for Trade & Plantations.

This letter is not dated, the wiginil
Becd. Jan 6, 1762.

Admiralty Court with a return

ED. CORNWALLIS.

in the State Paper office is endorsed.

At a Council holden at the Sovrs. House at Halifax Frydav
June 12th, 1752.*

PRE^ENT

His Excellency the 6ovr.

^ Benj. Green, Wn». Steele, ) „

John Collier, Geo. Potheringham. ) *^^^^-

Resolved, That, Whereas a Light house at the Entrance of the
Harbour of Halifax, would be greatly beneficial to the Trade,
Navigation, and Fishery of this Colony, and might be the
means of preserving the Livep and properties of many of his
Majesty's Subjects, and whet-eas altho' many persons might
wilhngly contribute towards so good a Work without any
Expectation of a Reimbursement, yet probably many may
more readily be concernd therein, when attended with any
hopes of promoting their own Interest at the same time.

A Lottery, according to the following Scheme, be set on foot
for raising a Sum of .£450 to^t^ards building a Lighthouse at

• At a previous meeting of the Counpil held on the 8d of February, a public
Jerry was established between Halifax and Dartmouth, and John Connor of
aie latter place appointed ferryman, with the exclusive privilege for 3 years to
keep boats eonsUntly passing and repassing, between Sunrise and Sunset,
every day in the week, except on Sunday, when the boaU should pass only
twice— the ferriage to be 3d., and 6d. after hours, for each Passenger, and a
reasonable price to be paid for goods, wher than baggage, &c., carried in the
band, which pasted free.

«>«i«,'a.i

HALIFAX.

649

or near Cape Sambrough, (whereby, besides the advantages
before mentiond,) a consider,- ble number of Settlers will be
usefully employd for some time, and a great & lasting
Benefit to the province be gaind, by a voluntary Tax upon
those persons (amongst others) who at present contributed
nothing towards the Expence of the Government, whose pro-
tection <fe favour they enjoy.

Scheme of a Lottery for Raising j6450 towards building a
Light-house at or near Cape Samborough : —

The number of Tickets to be 1000 at £3 each, jESOOO.
The number of Benefit Tickets to be 200, vizt. :
1 Prize of X500 £500

1 Ditto of

2 Ditto of
5 Ditto of

10 Ditto of

40 Ditto of

140 Ditto of

300

100 each.

300

200

50 each 250

30 each 300

10 each . . . , 400

7 each

1 The first drawn .

200 prizes.

980
70

X3000

Fifteen per cent to be deducted from the fortunate Tickets,
and the remainder to be paid, without any other Deduction, to
ye possessors of the sd. Tickets, as soon as the drawing shall
bo over — To be drawn publickly in the Town House, at Hali-
fax under the Direction of managers to be appointed by hia
Excelly. the Govr. as soon as all the Tickets shall be disposed
of, and in case the said Tickets shall not be all disposed of,
before ye 31st Augt. next, the money reed, for any sold to
be repaid to the possessors thereof on Demand.

ED: CORNWALUS.

648

NOVA SCOTIA! DOCCMENTS.

at Louisburgh by way of reprisal be was concerned in, and one
certain proof of his correspondence and good harmony with
those at Lonisbnrgh, his gettin* his kinsman sent home who
was taken Prisoner by the Indians when it was not in mv
rower to get one of the others. ^

As this takes its rise from ain absoh.te prohibited trade I
refer your Lordships to the 143 article of my gonen»l Instruc-
tions and the 23rd and last artiqle of my Instructions relating
to Trade and Navigation. I have sent you a copy of ml
Warrant to the Judge of the Admiralty Court with a returj
oi tne litncer tnreupon.

I amj, Ac,

The Lords Commrs.

for Trade <fe Plantations.

ED. CORNWALLIS.

B™jint irw!"^'"*' "" '^*'°'^ T *" ®'"' ^'"^' »"=" '" ^"^"«'»-

me "iSr^T^P^ "i*^^" ^* *''® ^'^'^- ^''"'® "* ^*"^" ^^^y

June 12th, 1752.*

Prese

llfT —

His Excellency the Govr.
Benj. Green, Wm. Steele, ) _

John Collier, Geo. totheringham. [ *^^'5'"-

H.%n?,'j!?'J''r>^^'^''^-'}^l^'e^* '"^"^^ "-^ t'l^ Entrance of the
Harbour of Halifax would be greatly beneficial to the Trade
Navigation, and Fishery of this Colony, and might be the
raeans of preserving the Lives and properties of manv of his
Majesty's .Subjects and whereas aftho' many personi migb?
willingly contribute towards so good a Work without any
li-xpectation of a Reimbursement, yet probably many may
more readily be concernd therejn, when attended with any
hopes of promoting their own Interest at the same time.

A Lottery, according to the following Scheme, be set on foot
for raising a Sum of ^450 towards building a Lighthouse at

»er*r^ w''ar'"«i°h"nr!f*l"* "^""e Copncil »eld on the 3d of February, a pubUc
the fatter Dla^int^^^.rtT'" "»''<^»5 '"-l Dartmouth, and John Connor of
tlol K ? appointed ferryman, with the exclusive privilege for 3 years to
eve?, day iBTrw"eii """""f ""^ repas.ing, between'^unrSe and Ce".
toJfJf .lf« f ^ ! l' *ofP' "" ^'""'''y' "hen the boats should pass only
rZf,rM ""*»* ^ *•* ^'^•' «"'• ^^- a<'er hours, for each Pa"sen«r and a

r.:^":Mcir;LVed fref ' '" «°°"' """^^ """^ '"^''««' *«•. "S' i»t:

HALIFAX. ({49

or near Cape Sambrough, (whereby, besides the advantages
before mentiond,) a consider," ble number of Settlers will be
nsafully employd for some time, and a great & lastine
Benefit to the province be gaind, by a voluntary Tax upon
those persons (amongst others) who at present contributed
nothing towards the Expence of the Government, whose pro-
tection & favour they enj'oy.

Scheme of a Lottery for Raising .£450 towards building a
Light-house at or near Cape Samborough :—

The number of Tickets to be 1000 at £3 each, £3000.
The number of Benefit Tickets to be 200, vizt. :
1 Prize of £500 £500

1 Ditto of 300 300

2 Ditto of 100 each 200

5 Ditto of 50 each 250

10 Ditto of 30 each . " 300

40 Ditto of 10 each \\\\\ 400

140 Ditto of 7 each \\ ggo

1 The first drawn \\\ 79

200 prizes. ^^^

Fifteen per cent to be deducted from the fortunate Tickets
and the remainder to be paid, without any other Deduction to'
ye possessors of the sd. Tickets, as soon as the drawing shall
be over— To be drawn publickly in the Town House, at Hali-
fax under the Direction of managers to be appointed by his
Excelly. the Govr. as soon as all the Tickets shall be disposed
of, and in case the said Tickets shall not be all disposed of,
before ye 31st Augt. next, the money reed, for any sold to
be repaid to the possessors thereof on Demand.

ED: CORNWALUS,

650

NOVA SCOTIA DOCDHEUra.

Halifax, July, 1752.

A list 0/ the FamUiea of English, Swiss, dc, which have been
settled m Nova Scotia sirtpe the year 1749, and who now
are settlers m the places hereafter mentioned.

NOBTH SUBUI|B8 OP HALIFAX.

Heidi of VamUief.

Males under 16.
Femalee under 16

John Scutt

2
1
5
1
3
2
2
1
2
9
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
6
3
5

.... ..^.

3
6
5

Edmund Dwight j

Benjamin Brown

William Gindler

3
3

1 1

3 ....
5 ....

6
9
9
2

Samuel Sliipton

Charles Procter

Jonathan Hoar ^

Gerchon Tuffs ... .

2
2
1
3

.... 2
2

Preserved Cunnable . . .

William Bourn . . .

1
1

Matthew Barnard. . .

William Rundal

Anthony Caverly

Charles Hay

1
1
1
1
1
1
2

.". i

2 2

3 . ..

Nathaniel Henderson

Henry Chadwick

4
6
5
2
7
5
5

Samuel Lyne . . .

Thomas Fitzpatrick

Judah Riger

Ezekial Oilman

John Kinselagh . . .

Benjamin Ives

Mrs. Decorot . . .

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1 2

.... 2

... 2

1 5

Josiah Crossby

1
3
1
3
1
1
1

William Harris. . . .

6
4
10
2
2
4

Benjamin Phippeny. .

George Gerrish

Robert Norman

John Cox . . .

Edward Bowden |

HALIFAX.

NoBTH Suburbs --('Cbnitnued.^

Heada of FamlUei.

651

John Tongue

Samuel Tanner .

Samuel Chandler , , ,\

George Sanders. ...

John Christian Mulhlhe

Ernst Preper

Christopher Harness

Charles Robins

Ezekial Wildman . .. ..... W.. .'

Walter Motley

Charles Christ * ' ' '

Peter Schahlan

Peter Mozar

John Hoffens

Peter Wayte .

Thomas Hay \\

Jacob Cheney

John Jones

Mary Birin

Charles King , \

John Porter

Joseph Pratt

Daniel Brewer _ [

William Hunstable I 6

Benjamin Storer !...!..!.! 3

Jasper Battel

Ulrich Dithoe .*..........

Hans. Geo. Kohl

Joseph Chadwick

Christopher Warner

John Christopher Rodoph

John Burger Erad .....

John A. Lo Mand

Ludovick Schnerr

1
1
2
2
1
1
6
3
1

139 75 42 63 309

4
4
3
6
8
4
6
4
5
4
7
2
10
5
3
3
6
3
5
5
7
3
3
8
7
4
2
4
3
3
1
7
8
6

052 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUHENTB.

Swiss and Gebmanp in the North Suburbs.

Betuta of PamUiea.

Chs. Ludk. Hagelsieb

2
2
1
4
1
1
1
1
2
3
2
1
2
3
2
1
2
3
1

1
3

1
1
1
1
1

"'i'

1
1

2
1

1
3

John Peter Tahn

Michael Brier

Laureuz Buegler

Leonhard Urich

Jacob Craft

Wendal Ramjer

George Storch

Peter Klattenburger

Michael Clouser

Michael Morash

2
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1

....

Jacob Schmidt

Joseph Ley

Barthel Hans

1
1

'4'

"2'

Jacob Moser

Conrad Hall

Jacob Hall

Joseph Bley

Michael Ley

Elizabeth Werner

Magdalen Oroll

Benedict Mayhofer

1
1
1
3

1
1
1
1
3
2
2
1
1
1

Andreas Kalb

Adam Ruudl

Ulrich Seeger

Daniel Schumaker

"2
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1

John Jacob Schmidt

Adam Luty

Conrad Muclier

GodJ'ried Kontz

i
2
2

1
"2

Peter Lawner

Godfried Torpel

Jacob Tanner

Johannus Buliofer . .

George Nagel

fV''J\'-' ' II I I-

HALIPAX.

North SvBvnva — (Continued.)

653

Beads of Famlllea.

Rudolpli Penso, ...
Adam Wambolt. ..
Peter Wambolt....
Riichart Schup . . . .

Michael Hagg

Michael Gimber. . . .

Adam Buhler

Andreas Young ....

• Beriiiger

Casper Hickman.. .

Henrick Oxner

Jean Mange

Casper Lehry. .....

Peter Estmann

Johannus Lonus. .

Loui Eouton

Casper Trillian ..

Augustin Wolf

Anton Halter

Matthias Nagel. ...'.'

Franciiika Schnider .

Ludwig Koenig

Nicholas Wolf

Johannes Schroeder,
Johaimes Loesten

Utrick Klett '.'.

Maria Schlitter

Johaimus Miller....

Johannes Hoaif

George Vogler

Jacob Paulus

Conrade Werner. ...

Matheua Finer

Andres Sronnagel. . . ,
Jacob Heish

1
1
6
2
2
1
1
2

1
2
1
1

1
1

2
3
1
2
1

'2
2
2
1
1
1

1
3

3
1

3
1
4
1
2
1
2

2
12

654 KOVA

NoBTH Suburbs — (Uontinu^.

SCO'lA DOCUMENTS,

i-)

Heads of VamtUef.

George Polleber

Christian Finis

Gotleib SchermuUer. . . .

Adam Schmidt

Christian Perfek

Christian Ernst

Frederick Aurengburg.

Nicholas Eggly

Henrick Kuhn

Ulrick Scheuekill

Jacob Shaffhouser

Johannes Simon

Asmus Diel

Jacob Sperry

Adam Jung

Jobann Jung

South Subuhbs.

61 I 41 13 26 141

Mary Ranee

Thomas Latham . . .
Jonathan Prescott *

Josepli Kent

Edmund Crawley f

John Winiton

William Tref by
Darby Cavanaugh
Edward Lush
Alice Twyny
James Bidder
John Crooks

♦Father of the Ute Hon. Charlea Prescott.
t Afterward* member of Council.

HALIFAX,

South SvBVRBa — (Continued.;

James Hickens

James Pierpont

John Shippey

Peter, a negro

John Call

Buth Wheeler

Joseph Harris

Richard Peirie

Francis Coburne . . .
, Charles Terlaven. . . .

Darby Sullivan

John Jackson

Gregory Ives

Samuel Sellon

Isaac Dnderdunk . . .

George Featherstone

Maurice Welsh

Andrew Shepperd..

William Mallus

Phillip Hammond. . . .

Solomon Reed

Joseph Evans

John Walker

Thomas Nunan

George Knox

Joseph Gullison

Jason Chapman

Rebecca Baldwin . . . .
Richard Manning. . . .

James Cane

Dennis Hiffernon . . . .
William Wickham ....

John Rider

Josiah Marshall

Joseph Pierce 2

1
2
3
1
2
2

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
2

2
2
1
1
1
2

055

656

NOVA 8C(^TIA DOCtJMENTB.

South Smvasa ~ ( Continued.)

Heada of Famlllea.

John Steel

Malachy Salter. . . .. .

Charles Kanier

Jeremiah Rogers

•Peter, Marquis D'Oonti <fe C

Samuel Cleveland.

Richard Graham

William Nesbitt . .

Isaac Knott

Daniel Tappoon

Hannah Hutchinson

Isaac Ba.sset

Thomas Clarke

Robert Davis

William Lawson

John Eustace

John Miller

James Grimes

John Griffin

Joseph Mehany

Josiah Cleveland

Felix McMehan.. ....'.

Josiah Nottage

Mathew Mullens

Henry Ferguson

Jean Campbell

Ezekiah Averil .,,

Thomas Hardin

Thomas Maggee

Robert Brooks

James Jordan

John Poor '

Thomas Lamb. ...

Gravina.

4
3
3
3
2
2
2
4
12
3

1
1
1
1
2
1

2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2

1
1

3"
2

'2
3

"2"
2
4

7
8
3
7
2
9
4
7

31
4
2
3

6
10

I«di«-Hi-J^h*""":, *''?•''""* ""'' " """"'«' of SeWlem from
waiM-He wu afterward, a Lieutenant of oae of the Companie. of

the Wed
Banyen,

baijpax.
SotJTft SmviiB3-C Continued. J

Head« of f amilie..

Thomas Collicut.
■John Barry.
Maurice Dri.scall
John McCuller
iBeniamin Child!
Wilham Wallace
■John Murphy.
Henry Rigby..::
William Peters.
David Carmer
Patrick Mahony.
Samuel Fulton
Dennis Sullivan. .
Stephen Wisdoms
Bichard

Bartholomew Calahan ! '
t^ornehus Crowley.

Nathaniel Millett

Peter Wallace..

John Slayter. .,.."

- 4fartin Ludovig *

John Wisdom.

George Cheshire'.

Georg'e Featherstone

«ichard Sparks

Jacob Hurd

William William's! " " " ,

•Jedidiah Harris ... ^

Abraham Slayter " ^

Richard Winter. ^

-John Arbuckle. ^

Perfect Miller. ^

Mary Miller. . ..!!.""' ^

Samuel Greenfield. ' •-•

■Moses Clarke .' .' ^

657

658

If OTA 8C((TIA DOCtTMEBrra.

SocTH Spbukbs — ( Gmdinu^.)

Hndi or VbBlliM

Lewis

William Matthews

William Christopher. . .
Thomas Walker ...
Daniel Hills ".

Richard Williams ,.

Daniel Farrel ,

James Fnllerton

Nathaniel Mason

Aaron Porter

Jacobus Derkindrekin

William Seward

Joshua Ome

Elias Girott .... \

Richard Wenman ........

Daniel Shatford ,

Charles Henderson

Jonathan Harris

Wilson Jackson

Patrick Cambell ]

Aaron Cleveland

James Monk

Samuel Crafts \

William Russel ' _ _

Ann Wemnan in orphan hons^
Joseph Palmer in the hospital.

Michael Naddow

Joseph Gerrish ,

Dennis Mehaney

John Conway . . .

Mrs. Taylor .'.....'.*.

Michael Lawler

Peter Murpil \

John Gallant !!'!!!

Nicholas Nagler ....

1
1
1
1

4
1
5
1
1
4
1
5
6
3
3
1
5
2
1
3
1
1
7
65

21
1

27
1
1

1
S
3

22
1

28
2
6
1
2
8

21
6

WrraiN THE Town op Halifax,

Thomas Power

Joshua Mauger

William Steele, Esquire
benjamin Gerrish..

Robert Cowey ... ^

Abigail Ward ...'.'." • • '^

William Austin.

Thomas Matterson \

Frederick Beeker. \

William Schwartz ^

Isaac Deschamps \

Madam D'Pacquet. \

John Brown — ^

Lewis Pierce. | ?

Thomas Fulford

Thomas Grenoak. .

Leonard Lockman *

William Ford .'"

John Johnstone ..... "

Thomas Luke . . .\

Leonard Cotton.

William & Edward" Nichnla

♦ Leonard Lockman wai a Oor.^. t -

H«

(till remaini.

I German Church

• ..- ...u uerman Ohurch in BrBnawi^k c. \ """"^
Lockman St. w«« named aAer™i2 ^'- "'**'* ^

nonuffleod

i K;

•"♦ il'^,'1

660 jtova scot|[a

Within the Town — {€<.

DOCUMENTS,
( Contin\ied.)

HndfoT lamfiiM.

James Brenock

Thomas Oakes

Mr. Wheyland . . . . '

John Wellenon (Wellenor?).

Thomas Price

Vernou Merefield

John Brown

Allen Usher

Jeremiah Fitzsimons

Daniel McClyster

John Panier

Peter Anchote

John Aubony

David Loyd

Thomas Saul

Alexander Keddy

Jane Knight

William Brew

John Mario w

Jacob Cone

George Twelve's wife

John William HofFman

Mr. Surget

James Fitzgerald

■ James Ste wson

Redman,

James Calbeck

-John Baxter

Giles Harris

William Pierce

Edward Luky

James Patfield ....

Widow Clerk .' " " '

William Davis .

2
1
1
1

1
3

1
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1

5
4
3
5
3
5
7
2
6
7
3
4

1
S

HALIFAX.

Within the Tows— (Continued.)

661

n««di of FuhIUm.

s
I

«>

Melony

1
1
1
1
1
1
4

John Steinford

1
1

. . . .

3
3

George Suckling

Alexander Allen

Widow Henry

Thomas Frost

3
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
3
1
1
2
7
6
3
2
3
2
1
3

Ephraim Cook

by Mr. Brown

James Colvill

"l
1
1

"i*

....
2

"i'

1
1
2

6
5
3

Thomas Moore

Joseph Maseen

Edward Potter

China Brownjohn

Francis Lock

Daniel Stewart

Richard Bowers

Robert Grant

John Stockly

Edward Marguin ...

George Greenwood

1
2

James Smith

John Collier, esq

William Piggott

"2
....

"2"

If*

William Best

William Henderson

Anne Wood side

John Conner

Richard Barry

William Heyslup

7
4.

John Petr. De Brace

John Raet

John Mundy

—

Richard Stritton

Joseph Churchill

2:
St

Lauranco Collins

'<*v»ii'a

Within the Tow^-f Continued.

ocvumna.

John Hnmphreya
Joseph CoeiHhton
:abenezer Pettey
Robert Bowden . . .
JUiomas Newman.
William Griffin
James Euston..
ihomas Hagun...
ihomaa Mannen
■Mward Butler..
John Grant.
Edward Orpin....'
John Vintenon.
Ihomas Branham. . '
Henry Wilkin.son..:
WiJham Wright
Henry Wynn.... '
Paul Pritchard . '
Alexander Forbes '.'
William White
John Hall ....
Thomas Wilder
Thomas Greens word!
George Nelson.,
^bert Parfect. '"
William McCarty
John Ewes . .

James Airth

J^raes Fallon

William Johnson. ■■
f nomas Campbell
James Porter
William Vanfelson! ' ' '
James Ford

?obert_Preeman

• . . ,

• • .

...

1 1

HALIFAX,

Within the Tows ~ ( Continited.J

John Wooden '.'

William Roacock . . .

Peter Parkman

Matthew Hopkins .

James Douglass. . . .

John Meed s

Mary Robertson

Mary Williams

Nathan Nathans

George Taylor

Patrick Furlong

John Slayter

John Ker

John Clewley

Garret Mead

Charles Mason

Matthew McNemara.

George Frank

John Webb

Robert Ewer

Peter Martin

Michael Mullineaui . .

Thomas Reeve

John Bohanan ...

Ray

Enate. Butter

Thomas Golden . . .
William Williams.. ..'.

Edward Lee

James Bannerman

Richard Bulkeley

John Franks

Christopher Cooke

Robert Dickie

Joseph Wakefield

•3

'a '

5
3
2
1
2
8
2
3
3
1
1
14
1
1
1
1

1
1

2
3
1
1
2
1

7
4

2
6
1
3

9
3
5
4
3
5
2

10
4
5
5
4
1

acoffu. DocuMBsrs.

664 NOVA

Within the Tows—(GoniiAuecl.)

SeaOt tt ftaaasa.

Thomas Bryant

Edward L'Craa

Lawrence Ren

John Penly

William Walker...'.

Mr. Bruce

Thomas Rundal

Wigel

Mark Cullymore. . . .
Nathaniel Gosford •;

John Nsiymers

Davis Townsend . . .

John Cleary

John Kent

William Crafts

Eosana Scott

Patrick Britt

William Bearsto* .

Joseph Ford . . .

William Eaton

James Tate

Samuel Sprague . . .
Stephen McKine . . .

»•

fk»

Within the Pickets f of Halifax.

James Vickars . . .
Joel Waterman . .
Catherine Austin.
Andrew Maxwell .

• Captain in the army.

t Between Buckisgham street and the present Blovers itfeet.

2
7

5
1
3

2
4
3
4
8
4
4
5
7
5
5
6
7
3
3
1
6

2
4
1
6

HALIFAX.

Within the Pickets — (Continued.)

665

' Beadi or VuniUes.

John Gaffer

2
1
2
3
4
1
1
1

2
1

Luke Sliippey

Henrv Sweetland

Johnatlmn Markham

1
3
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
5

Francis Porter

Matthew Corker

Thomas Landerkin

Griffin Jenkins

Mary Hollowell

Edward Castle

6
2
1
1
3
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Mrs. Whitehand

1
....

John Crowley

Philip Knaut

Storker Nelson

John Lowry

Joseph Scott

Israel Abrahams

Thomas Ames

Thomas Damo

1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2

1
1

Benjamin Lee .

Mary Cooper

Michael Sexton

George Popplewell

John Beswick

John South

Richard HoUis

Mr. Reynolds

James Whellon

1
1

William Giles

Frederick Barley

Ezekial Budd

1
1
1
2
1

Josiah Hardy

3
...

John Edmundson

James Thompson

Mary Webb

4
1

666

NOVA SaOTIA DOCDKEMTS.

Within the Pickets —(Continued.)

Bmitat Ituiiliei.

Timothy Cane

James Darnfield

James Babrig

Isaac Solomon

James Thorp '

Samuel Blackden. ....

Elizabeth Gunnel '.

Eleanor Cannon

Thomas Walker .... ...

Charles Morris

Josiah Millekin

John Codman

Lewis Hays

William Moore

William Cannon

Samuel McClure

Henry Fielding

Patrick Kennedy ',

John Walker . '

Benjamin Fogg

William Foye .

Otis Little ..'[

Hugh Vans

Lewis Triquet

Joseph Antunis

Benjamin Green, esqr . .

H. J. Obrien

Bartholomew Kneeland .

Joseph Fairbanks

James Fillis

John Bous

Joseph Rous

John Qreensword . . .
William Fury.... ^... '.]
Debtors in gaol

2
9
1
2
4

17
3

1
2

2
1
2
4
2

2
2
2
1
1

4
2
4
1

3
10

7
21

6
19

y HALIFAX.

WrrHDi THE Pickets — (Continued.)

667

Heads of Vunilie*. **

William Falkner

On Several Islands and Habboors Employed in the Fishebt.

On VornwdUia Island.

Capt. Joseph Rouse

Capt. Mauger

Capt. Cook .

Bradahaw

At Ketch Harbour.

John Grace

Capt. Gill

Brown

At Sambro Island.

Capt. Matterson

Thomas Youngston

At St. Margaret's Bay.

Benjamin Frog

James Ford'

Adam Clown

Allen

At Cross Island.
Mr. Randal S. Crawley

10
6
3

21
1

29
36

III

HOTA I^COTIA DOCUHENTS.

Laboubees EHP.orKo i. Prs^MA^BSTy's Wobk, ok Geobck's

Eeadiof ramUiet,

Richard Reeve

Thomas Leak . . . ,
Patrick Hamilton. '.
Cornelius Larigan .
Labourers .

At the Block House & the Isthmus.

Adam Schafner

Jacob Soloer

Johannes Frederick!

Peter Moeser

Richard Voleker . '.
Adolph HenokeJ.

Philip Krepsf .

Casper Meisner
Johannus Hoars. . '. .
Henrich Hiltz ......""

Henrick Mertz
Johanna Magdalena' Girtler
Margaretta Hoars . .
Pliilip Spannagel .
Michael Westhoefer
Wilhelm Wensell
Johannes Porrokner
Ferdinand Shultz
Christian Schmidt
Johannus Schnok. .
Christopher Schafner

Lorentz Conrat

Jacob Brande, . .
Philip Winter . . ' "
Johannus Knaut

3
3

2
11

HALIFAX,

At the Block House <fe the Isthmus — (Continued.)

BevKatluidUe*.

Wenel WuBt

George Evalt

Adam Lehnhart ......

Conrad Gratf

Jacob Berger. , ........

Philip Sigler

Frederick Heiaon. .....

Henrick Lehn

Jolmnnas Barget . . - . ...
Johannes Henrick Lank . .

Andrew falter

Henrick Mjnok

Wilhelm Knveller

Adam Fileoh

Andrew Sauer

Eva Gibhart

Peter Krauner

Jacob Seely

Philip Wagner

Johannes Beller ........

Adam Boettinger

Caspar Uitrich

Christian Gothart

Johannes Schmidt

John Sebastian Nicholas .

Ditrich Klauter

Ludovig Poller

Leonard Anton Treber. . .

Laurenz Lahn

Andreas Velocker

Ludovig Schnoer

Philip Hirchmaa

Anna Luse

Caspar Zenok

Philip Rotebauser

2
1
1
2
3

2
1
2
1

2
2

1
2

1
1
3
5
5
6
3
2
6
6

^"^0 NOVA 8C0T|A D0CDMENT8.

At the Block House & the lamuva — (Continued.)

Head! of VamUlK.

-!
a

Conrad Teele ,

1
2

1
8

Michael Mirokel ,

Cfeorge Graul ,

. , . .

■ * ■ "

Partel Hoarse

—

Alon Osterta}'

Within the Pickets of Halifax .
Within the North Suburbs ...
Within the South Suburbs ...
Within the town of Dartmouthl
On several islands & harbours, |
emi)loyed in the fishery, &ca.' I
On the istlimus and the penin
8ula of Halifax

468

169

151

846

317

429

168
73

205

169

13
66

622 279

105
115

285 2032

138

105

38 39

906|1914|1122 584 608 4249

765
818
193

202
216

1914
1122

906 families.
1914 males oyer 16.
1122 females over 16.

684 boys under 16.

608 girls under 16.

792 excess of males over females (over 16 )

Copied 4th Deer., 1863.

HALIFAX.

fin

CouncU Mimiiea, Halifax.
S ^* U^h""?'' '*°^^*° *****® Governour's House, on Thursday

PfiEaENT —

His Excellency the Governor,
The Honbl*.

Charles Lawrence,
^ Benj. Green,

John Salusbnry,
Wm. Steele, |

John Collier, *
Geo. Fotheringham. *
His Excellency the late Govr. being also present.
His Excellency the Governour acquainted the Council that
one of the Mickmack Indians, who calld himself one of their
thiets, was come in, with proposals of renewing a peace &c
who was sent for before the Council, and being tdd he wss
welcome was desired to sit— Then the Governour de.sired he
would acquaint the Council what propo.sals he had to make,
Who replyed that he was come in upon the Encouragement
given him in a letter from Govr. Cornwallis, and that his pro-
posais were-That the Indians should be paid for the land the
English had settled upon in this Country. He was asked if
he was one of the Chiefs, who replyd. That he was chief of
tha.t part of the Nation that lived in these parts of the province
and had about forty men under him. He was then askd why
no more of them came in with him? who replyd That thev
had empowerd him to treat in behalf of them all

He was also asked. How he proposed to bring the other
,\ °1 ^ Mickmack Nation to a Conference here— who
replyd That he would return to his own people and inform
them what he had done here, and then would jro to the other
Chiefs and propose to them to renew the peaBe, and that he
thought he should be able to perform it in a month, and
won d bring some of them with him if he could, and if not
would bring their answer.

Then his Excellency informed him that he should have an
answer to-morrow, and ordered proper refreshments for him
. P. T. HOPSON. t

•Messrs. Collier and Fotheringham were Captains in the Army. '

troregnne Thomas Hopson was Commander in-Chief at Louisbourir when that
S„ Jitl,".!,"'""''"' '° '^l French under the treat, of Aix la Chapel ""^ He came
up With the army to Chebucto ia July 1749, and ww .worn in Senior ^

672

NOVA SCOIIA DOCCMENTa.

At a Council Sept. 15,1852,

PreaentI as ye last.
The answer prepared for the Indian Chief was read to Wm
and being approved of by hi^ as satisfactory. It was ordeS
that the same should be fairhi drawn on parchment, in French

ratified <fe exchanged on tho

o -i-jf--". v/i< wi uj Hi

that the same should be fairlj
and English in order to be
morrow.

At a Council holden at the
on Saturday, Sept. 16th, 1752,

P. T. HOPSON.

Governour's House at Halifax

PBEiiENT —

His Excellency! the GoVernout,
TheHonble.

Cha. La\|rence,
Benj. Grden,
John Salulsbury.
Wm. Steefe,
Jno. Collier,
Geo. Pothpringham.
His Excellency the late ©ovr. being also present.

The answer of hi^ Excellency Peregrine Thos
Hopson Esq Capt General and Governor L cSf

iccadie'vice Ad'J't'W^'"''^ "' ^°^^ Scotia or
ff if- ir • ^ Admiraf of the same, and Col. of one
. lill!_M«jes^rB_Regime„ts of Foot, &c and his

on the resignation of Corneal LVndwff."*?' of GoTernor of Nova Scotii
He went to England inZyen^eTulT cZ"r T "^'^ I" ?'^ ^''K""' 17«2-
Major-General, 10th Fehv 1757 thp H.t "' ^°^'°'' obtained the rank of

wall,,' Commi«ion of M^r Geieral i"^ n"""\" ',''-' '''"* "^ «"• Corn-
command of the land frrce/for the L.lfinn f".?"^^^^*' ^^ ''" P'^^d^in
After an unsHccessful attemnt to uWp M ."^ ^ ?"''"' Caribbee Island.
Guadaloupe on 23d Jany ?759 Ge^ "h"*''^>'\« «^« ""^^-^ l-efore
Wand wa, captured, and wMVuececdedl'n^h'""'' ^^1 °° ^Tth, before the
Genl. Barrington.-im„ i,wT V o'V^ """""""l "f the expedition by
VvnH', Avufica, yol. Tlot ' ^' *] *-*• ^'"•' ^- ^- ^"""i ^ook,.

[1.8.]

HALIPAX.

673

Majesty's Council, for the sd. province Tn t>.„

peace and friendship made by Jean Bant ..f-n.^'T'^'^"^

I'lmself <fe his Tribe and to I is offor and p?'^'' -^^"■'°'"' ^""^

endeavour to bring here tho other Mcmaefe Tri^T tT"'" ''
ye peace. •"»i-ui<»ok iiioes to renew

-- Friend,

with'Lj^Snj:!^!';:^^ j^x'Sn V? ^ '^-™"-

British Children of his ,niJlf„? M ' I **ii!*'* ''"*"'*'^n *he
J- Children the MickmL'k of** if S ;^,^"f /T'^^ '*"''
you tliat he has dechvred unto nTtLf ^ \''- ''° ^'"'"•■e
and tliat you have acknow e dr.- K" / ^"" *""*' '"' Children.
Father. He has o ntd ^ ' f^ ^ ™ ^' •''"' ^^^ J;''''^^ ^
and We did not conunen e a^y nTw iZl ' "h ^'"'^'''■^"'
our arrival here— but what w m ^'''"'f, \^'tl' you upon
Oblivion, and for the (^1^/^' '^'fj'' buried in
charmd to live toUtr ^FrLnds "^'•' ''^^" '^ ?" <fc

Fi^::. Jin ;j £ sz^i c t'n'^^'^ '^•"'? «-^'"^' -

you shall think fit to etUe'mir wli'T rtt '" '^^' ^"'' ^^
Biver Shibenaccarlie, no perTon shall h S "'''•'" "''"" *>>«
meddle with the land's wher^e Jo" araniui'p'*' "°'' ^''^"
put up a Truck house of Mercl andi.V t I ^'°^'ernour will

prunes. Feathers, o^ ot^er"!;^^ "^Il^.^lrl^lf ^i^:

p^^'^i^o^^^z^s^l^.z rr''^^- your

promise of your endeavou^ to br n, tl'm^n p"'' '"i"' *''«
peace. When you return here ^^ ? .n t / ^«nowal of vo
wo will giye you handsom ' prestts oHtch Tl"'" ^^"'.'^'"^
you have the most need- .{nrl! !? I ^^""S^ whereof

Names to the Agree„"e,!t that sLih ""1 " "' ^^'" P'^' our
we hope to brighten he Chain n ' " «'" ^'^"''^'^" "«• ^nd
our F^iendship^every La and T H """'' '"'"'^ *" "^""fi™
expect to seoSiere'somrof Zr Chieft tf^P"'' ''' '^^^^
presents whilst you behave vm r L '.'""'"''' «"«"»'

children to our grelt Kir^ml ^0^ f " ' ''"'^/'^it'^ft'll

provisions for you and yfur Si ^'^ fiTmshed with

you an happy Lturrto^Zr Frien?l ""T.rT'i ^^'^ '^^'^
the Moon sTall never ««: anid oVc^^r Frt.SSi^A'T/"'^
a more partic.i ar mark of our Sinner *. .P~^"'* ^o^a

KOVA SCOIIA DOCUMEHTS.

Given under our Hand
at Halifax, this 16th Sept.
Majesty's Reign.

aid Seal at the Council Chamber
1752, in ye 2Gth year of his

Cha. Lawrence, Wm.

Benj. Green, Jno.

-John Salusbuey, Geo,

I Major Jean Baptiste Cop 3
true Heart, the conditions of
Governour, and his Majesty's
and 1 engage to bring them
the Treaty of peace upon
Monti), or as soon as possible
my utmost Endeavours to brii
macks to make a peace.

Given under my hand
Governour <fe Council in the
Sixteenth Day of Sept., 1752
Reign.

(copy.)

Steele,
Collier,

FoyilERINGHAM.

P. T. HOPSGN,

do accept sincerely, and with 3

this answer of his Excelly. the

Conncil for myself and my people,

liere with me to sign and ratify

ihe above said Conditions, in a

, and I promise and engage to do

ig here the other Tribes of Mic-

aid

seal, in presence of the said

Council Chamber at Halifax, this

aud^the 26 year of his Majesty's

The mark

Jean Baptiste Major Cope.
P. T. HOPSON.

Governor Hopso i to Lords of Trade.

Halifax, 16th October, 1752.
My Lords,—

I do myself the honour to acquaint your Lordships, that I
arrived here the 26th of Jul^, and landed the 27th. The 3rd

the Members of His Majesty's
Council in this Province, caused my Commission to be read,
took the proper Oaths and afjministered those to each Member
of the Council, which are directed in my Instructions from
His Majesty, and took up6n me the Government of the
Province.

Upon my examining into tjie state of affairs of the Province,
I found Mr. CornwalTis extremely distressed, by having on
his hands in and about this J»lace, all the foreign Settlers who
arrived in the year 1750 and 1751, whom be had not been

HALIFAX.

675

able to send out from hence to make any settlement at a
d,9tanco tlus not only through the want of Provi-SfArms
look Implements for clearing and cultivating the land and
maten.8 necessary. for building their habitations proper to
enable hnn for so doing, but also on account of there being no
place with any sufficient quantity of land near them, prope?
for placing them upon, agreeable to the promises which had
been made them by Mr. Dick before they embarked, as apnea' s
by a printed j:,aper I now enclose; and likewi.se because he
ad great reason to apprehend they might have been mole.ted
b> the Indians wherever they were sent, he not having it in his

s^dli'^'bb^r^r ''"'"' '''" «'^"* ^^P^"^'' ^^'*« anofher con-
siaeialile oijjection.

He had likewise about three hundred of the Poreicn Set-
tlers that arrived this year, and was under the same dnomma
with regard to them, and since I took the Governmei r the
rest being arrived (which I must say I think Mr. Dick con^
trive<l to be very late in the season for the purpose intendedV
I imagine your Lordships cannot but think I must al o be
under the utmost difficulties to know how to dispose of tl.em
the sending them out being impracticable for this season. aS
therefore all I could do was to build boarded Barracks fbr
them in the best and cheapest manner, yet so as that thev

winter. Ihis is done, and in order to their being subsisted
the money which your Lordships were pleased to^send from
England, designed for paying them their threepences in lieu
of provisions not arriving till so late as the 1 4th of September )
I found myself obliged to take the following method, vizt
I laid the attair before the Council for their opinion thereon
and herewith transmit to your Lordships the minutes of the
resolutions we came to, as also those relating to other matters
all which I hope may meet with youi-Lordships approbation'
as being what myself and the Council (Mr. Cornwallis bS
present) in consideration how matters were circumstanced
thought were the best methods that could be taken

must observe to your Lordships that there was no possi-
bility of sending out the Foreign Settlers this vear to any
places distant from Halifax, there being no provi'sion for that
purpose in store for as the season is so far advanced I could
not do it without sending with them nine months Provisions
at the same time, and it -is my sincere opinion that whenever
they are sent out, so far f-rom nine months provisions being
sufBcient for the purpose till they get rightly settled and havl

-i

676

^■.'

i>JM

NOVA SCOT [A DOCUMENTS.

raised something of their owji to be able to subsist upon, that
a lurther supply of fifteen bontiis more will be absolutely
necessary to be allowed th^m. This I should think they
cannot possibly do without, for as most of them are poor
wretches that have scarce al farthing of money among them,
it is to bo feared little provis ons or other necessaries would
be carried to them from any of the neighbouring Colonies,
wherefore they must inevital|ly starve.

I made enquiry about wl|at quantity of Provision there
was HI store that had been j laid in upon Mr. Townshend's
Contract for furnishing the -Sjjttlers, and the augmentation of
my Regiment, but could mejet with no satisfactory answer
froni Mr. Gerrish, his agent, sjs will appear by the Minutes of
the Council upon that head wl^ich I transmit to your Lordsiiips.
As Mr. Cornwallis takes liojne with him my dispatches, and
yonr Lordships will iiave so good an opportunity of being
thoroughly m'oII acquainted \jith the present situation of the
affairs of the Province from h m.and more to your satisfaction
than I can possibly transmit t[> your Board, h'e being so well
versed in the M-holo ; under \yho8e direction everything from
the beginning of tlie Settlement has been carried on, I shall
beg leave to refer your Lordships to him for the setting every-
thing relating to the Colony in a just light, as I am liilly
satisfied he will do, from wl enoo 1 flatter myself that my
proceedings hitherto may not I be disapproved by your Lord-
ships which if so, will give nje infinite satisfaction, as I havo
nothing more at heart than toido all in my power for the good
of that service which his Majesty has been pleased to send
me upon, and therefore, shall ^t all times, as near as circum-
stances will admit endeavour Ijo keep up to a strict observance
of all orders and directions I ^ay from time to time havo the '
honour to receive from your Ijordships.

I cannot omit acquaiiUing J-our Lordships that the people
in g;eneral who were sent overjthis year by Mr. Dick, complain
of his having persuaded theinj at their embarking to sell off
everything, even the little Bedding they had, by which means
they have lain on the bare deifks and Platforms during their
voyage, and are still destitutoi of all kind of Bedding. This
ha^ caused the death of many,j both on the passage and hero
ashore since they were landedi; what Mr. Dick could mean by
persuading these poor wretched to dispose of all their Bedding,
and little necessaries in the manner as they have represented
to me, I really cannot say, bfit to me it looks as if it was
done to give room for crowding in a greater number of people

HALIFAX.

677

into the Ships that brought them, which I assure your Lord-
ships, by the reports which were made to me, with regard to
that affair was done to a great degree, and thereby great
sickness was occasioned, of which so many died.

I must further mention its being notorious to everybody
hero, that among the number of these settlors which Mr. Dick
has sent this year, there were many, very many poor old
decrepid creatures, both men and- women, who were objects
fitter to have Ijeen kept in Almshouses than to be sent over
hero as Settlers to work for their bread. Several that are
dead were reported to ine by the person that attended them,
to have been upwards of eighty years of age. And I have at
this instant a report before mo from one of our Surgeons, of
two Swiss that came this year who are dying with old age.

Tho 2Gth of last month, the last of " these Settlers wore
landed, when there Avere above thirty of them that could not
stir oft' the Beach, eight of them Orplmns who immediately
had tho best care taken of them, notwithstanding which two of
them died after being carried to the Hospital, within about 12
days time there were fourteen Orphans belonging to these
Settlers that were taken into the Orphan House ; these are
things which I do not doubt but your Lordships must think
are very shocking. 1 can assure' you my Lords that I find
them so who am here on tho spot, for no mortal that has the
least humanity can do otherways than feel to the very heart
at the sight of such a scene of misery as it is, and the pros-
pect there is of its being a much more deplorable one before
the severity of the Winter, which now draws nigh, is got over.

This Mr. Cornwallis can assure your Lordships of as he has
been an eye witness of these kind' of scenes during his time,
as well as of that we have now.

From Mr. Cornwallis's not having had it in his Power to
send out these people that came first here to be settled at a
distance from hence upon cleared land, which he was very
well inclined to have done had matters been so circumstanced
as to admit of it, I flatter myself your Lordships will be of
opinion that it has not been in my power to do it since I
havo taken the Government of the Province upon me, the
season of the year being so far advanced and there being no
sufficiency of provisions or other necessaries in store to give
them.

• I must now acquaint your Lordships, that these foreign
Settlers are become so very uneasy and discontented, that
many of them have gone off 'from this place to the Island of

678

NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

St. John's, as we have grea^ reason to believe and excent
willtl7ow. ^''^ "'' *° '""' ^ W'-eI.end that many more'

tlpnl'i'f '^rf'w'. ''"^' "°'. °" ^ '^''S^^'^'' ""^' ^"'ikcn our Sot-
whid a,e" r 'TT V!"? ^^''■',' «"-'''"gt'"^" our neighbours
poi ^'' '" '* ^' ^'''^ *° prevent was it in my

I am earnestly to entreat your Lonlsliips, that you may not
suffe any more of these foreign Settlers to be sent over, for

£ fnn, H '^' f'' '"'^?^' "^i"^"" "^^''^ •■^"'' inconveniences we
«„lw;i de.nvo our otlnn- inhabitants of the means of

K/.I T 1 !''" ."'%'"'T''r ^" "'^"'^ "">' ^^l'e'«' among the
was that to be done the latte^r would immediately quit the
rt'orev-nf ^^ "'^'' f °'-'o>;'li"g to he temper they appear to be in
at pic.ent, they do not seem d.sirous of doing, at least I hope
ttiey are of another way of thinking. * * * * * * *
i7A„f ' * *j- '^ * \ ''"P^ nothing may turn out to pre-
II \, l\ 'T*^',.'« out these people in the spring as proposed,

unoot .in V"*^'/'"' ''''°'? ''' ^'"'''' *° '^'^^'l with ari such
uncutain treacherous tribes, ^ is difficult to say what may or
may not happen. •'

abL.pLnrr''"/'''']-''^!.'''*'"'!^ >'°"'' ^^ordships that in the
b t wSt T n ?.^"'i I '.-"^'f ons, Stores,&c., there is nothing
but what I really think is absolutely necessary for carrying

tt tt • ^ " ',''•''"■'', '° ^■""'' J^o'-Jsl'ips m.v sincere opinion in
the urtair which ,s, that if we do not send out the foreign
bett ers in May next, and they have not the allowance of 15
months provisions from that time, together with the other
necessanes and materials, they cannot possibly subsist as

no l.ni Af P '"■^r'^ to youf Lordships. In this I doubt
not but Mr. Cornwallis will be Of the same opinion.

ti.„ •■ *.,* T^ I mu'st observe to your Lordships that

he repairing the Forts and Barracks is a thing so necessary

to be set about and finished before the winter comes on, that
hi /.h" ' u <■""''■ ^"' f'° '" * '""^t '■"'nous condition, and

npr; if" !I ''*' '" ^^"^ *''^t tiie Troops must many of them

n^l !i ^' !'" ^'i^'e'-'ty of the se.,8on, for at present they are so
. open that they keep out no wea ;her whatsoever.

HALIFAX.

679

As to the additional Barracks which are estimated it is no
less necessary that they should be built as soon as possible.

■»##*♦* J ijgg lejjve to mention (tho' out of
place) which I intended to have done in a former paragrajth,
when I was writing about the inconveniences that attend the
foreign Settlers being obliged to pay their passage by their
labour, that they are deprived thereby of all means of getting
anything towards providing themselves with necessaries, and
of laying up wherewithall to enable them to stock their Farms
when they get them, besides the discontent it gives them to
be obliged to do it, which these who came this year allege
those who came the first were not obliged to do, and further,
that they were drawn in to sign to such an agreement.

I must likewise observe to your Lordships, that the demand
for Stores which is the last column in Mr. Jelfiay's Return of
Stores that have been issued, is what we as near as can bo
judged, think will bo absolutely necessarv for us to have hero
early in the Spring or at least the greatest part of them, such
as may be wanting to issue to the Settlers when they are sent
out, and to have some of every kind remaining in Store after-
wards. Your Lordships I hope will be of opinion, that it is
not possible to come to an absolute exactness in Such compu-
tations, could it be I should certainly do it.

Your Lordships have a Copy of Captain Bromes letter of
the 21st of September, mentioning the want of a place by
way of Laboratoiy for small .Stores, and tilling Cartridges,
which is ver}' necessary both for the reason he mentions and
the danger our Woodhouses may be in, should any accident
happen ; his demand of current stores for the service you
have likewise — this I have kept separate from the other Esti-
mates as I su|ipnse your Lordsliips Avill think proper these
should bo sent by the Board of Ordnance.

I send to your Lordships a Plan and description of Musquo-
doboit, &c., a place about four leagues distant from hence, to
the Eastward, that being one of the places {)roposed for send-
ing some of the Settlers to, in the Spring ; these are Surveyed
by Mr. Morris the Surveyor — Merleguish by Margaret's Bay
is another place about eighteen leagues to the Westward,
where we intend to send some more, but have no plan of that
to transmit to your Lordships.

The Lords Commrs.

for Trade & Plantations.

I am, &c.,

P. T. HOPSON,

680

My Lords, —

Since my arrival I Iiave
letter from yonr Lordships of
I am (hereupon to acquain

NOVA SCOTtA DOCUMENTS.

Governor Bopaor, to Lords of Trade.

Halifax,
16th October, 1752.

had the honour of receiving a
tlie 3rd of June last.

^ , : -,-' 1"""'' yonr Lordships that it shall be

my study to keep up a most Strict observance of my Listruc-
tions and not to deviate frojn then, in any point bnt upon
evident necessity justified by the particular circumstance of
the case and whenever that Lappens, shall forthwith transmit
to your Lordships in the fullest and most explicit manner my
reasons for such deviation, and shall apply for previous direc-
tions from Lnglau.I in all cases when the occasion will admit
of such a delay. » * * * # ^t ^ ■

No expense in carrying oi the works on George's L^land
has been incurred this year except by the labour of the
J-oreign bettlers, and what Will be further necessary will
appear to the Board in the Es imate on that head

I refer your Lordships to the Records of Councii transmitted
Jierewithas to throe pences not being pai(} to the Foreign
Settlers m lieu of provisions, and as to the assembling them
111 a proper manner to instruct them in the use of Anns and
^hlitary exercise to the end that an useful Militia miaht be
formed as soon as possible, that has not been practicable, as
they were landed so lately and in so bad a condition, and even
tlie iiabitations designed for them for the winter not beiiiff yet
quite finished and but few, very few arms in store as your
L,ordships will see by the StoDkeepor's Return. * * *

I am not able to inform your Ix)rdships that I have heard
of any particular exploit wortli remarking being done by the
Rangers, and indeed the nature of tlieir service, beiiiL' irre-
gulars, scarcely admits of it, but they have most assuredly
been ot great utility, such as protecting the out settlors
ranging the Country, and marc ling upon services the regnlars
could not be spared for. I wai informed by Mr. Cornwallis on
my arrival, that he had reduce| three of the Companies, vizt
John Gorham's, Clapham's,& rjroctor's, so that there only now'
subsists one hundred Riingera kinder the command of Captain
Joseph Gorham with six subfjlterns which I propose to con-
tinue till further orders from y6ur Lordships. * * * *
_ I am, &c.,

lue Lords Commrs. « p_ "j' UOPSON

for Trade & riantations.

HALIFAX.

Governor Hopson to Lords of Trade.

681

My Lords, —

Halifax, 28th March, 1753.

In my last I acquainted your Lordships of a complaint
against the Jus ices of the Quarter Sessions^nd the JuE
of the Common Pleas, which myself and the Council were then

w^ufsemr.''"'7, '"'" ' '"' *,'" ""l"';-^- ''^ "°^^' -' ^" --1. I '-^
tTe eon T^ fl H P''"''*^^;^'"^^ '»'''! *'»« opinion of the Council
theieon. I flatter myself, your Lordships will approve the

l-orm, f a trial the consequences of which might have sub-
Jtcted the complainants to a prosecution for falsely accusing
the Justices, and thereby kept up a spirit of strife and
Tillili " '" ' '^' ^"'"^ J^^trimental to the public tran-

As i am sensible it must be very difficult for your Lordships
horoughly to understand this matter by the enclosed paper^s
I shall endeavour to explain it as far as the nature of it wil
admit by .some observations.

I am informe.1 that almost from the beginning of the Settle-

Te S tn.''H 'T ^""f J-^l-f -"' -'i>-sity between
the hettlers that came from England and those who came
re from different parts of the Continent of America, and
this I believe your Lordships may see some traces of in the
present case.

As tliis spirit of party seems to arise chiefly from the idle-
ness of too many of the hihabitants, I make no doubt but in

Sr n.Vl f ""T^ *° -^'^ T'"" P'"°P'^'''>' "'-ranged, industry
will make it subside, in the meanwhile I use my utmost
endeavours to keep It quiet by the iiiost moderate lueasures
and carrying myself as equally as |x.ssible on both sides.
Iho I ha.l se.rae reason to think this a party affair, from the
beginning, yet I found it most advisable to give it a public
hearing as I ,yould not be thought to prejudge any thing
especially as I had been so little a time here * * * * #
Colonel Monckton who commands at Chignecto acquaints
me that two of our Hold.ers were lately found scalped iu the
woods, and that he is credibly informed that the Mickmack
Indians who live thereabouts have since waited on the French
Commandant at Beausc^jour, and earnestly requested him to
write a le ter m their names to the English Commandant to
disavow this proceclmg, which nevertheless the French Com-
mandant has not complied with. The Indians on this side

682

NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

remain quiet, and I have
Chiefs of some of the otl|er
here and make peace in th^j

The Lords Commrs.

for Trade & Plantati

101 IS

Oovernor Bopion to Lords of Trade.

](!tter

Mr Lords,— A

Since I closed my
belonging to this place
six Indian Scalps. I enclose
I have taken security for tl
Court in case any complai
the Indians, Mr. Salusbur
was present at their examjnat
I can as yet form no Judg

arrive

int

The Lords Commrs.

for Trade & Plantationk

At a Council holden at th^
the 22nd day of Nov., 1752,

lately received a letter from the
-r tribes, who say they will come
Spring.

I am i&c.
I P. T: HOPgON.

Halifax, 16th April, 1753.

of Saturday last, two men

d hero ill an Indian Canoe, with

your Lordships their Deposition,

leir appearance at the next General

sliould come against tlicm from

who will be the bearer of this,

ion — What turn this may take

itnent.

I am &c.
: P. T. HOPSON.

Minutes of pouncil at Halt/ax.

Governor's House on Wednesday

P SESENT —

His Excellency the Governor.
The Honble.

CIras. lawrence,
Benj : Green,
Jno. Stlusbury,
Willm. Steele,

Councrs.

Jno. C(|)llier;

The following Treaty of [ Peace was Signed, Ratifyed and
Exchanged with the Mick jVIack Tribe of Indians, Inhabiting
the Eastern Parts of this Priavince. And it was resolved that

HALIFAX.

683

Mr. Saul should be ordered to Issue Provisions according to
he a Fbwance of the Troops, for Six Month.s, for Ninetv of^l e
sam Indians, being the computed number of that Tribe.

" Treaty or Articles of Peace and
"Friendship Renewed
" between
"His Excellenc^y Peregrine Thomas Hopson Esquire Captain
General and Governor in Chief in and over His Majes v's
' Jlmr^C^l'^ ^n ^'^°"t -.^'=''-li- Vice Admirarof ?he

"and Ilts utt ' p"' ° i"'^ ^^Jr*>-'^ Regiments of Foot,
anti Ills Majesty's Council on behalf of His Majesty."

"S^'aJ rT^r''*''^'' 1^*??^.' '''"^f ''''»'=^'^'" °f tJ'e Tribe of
Mick Mack Indians Inhabiting the Eastern Coast of the said
I rovince and Andrew Hadley Martin, Gabriel Martin &
J laiicis Jeremiah, Members and Delegates of the said Tribe

"Seirs?fT'-'R'"'^ l^'"'' '-"'^ T'-'*'' *''^''- Heirs, and the
Hens of their Heirs forever. Begun made and Concluded in
the manner, form and Tenor following, vizt. :
1 . "It 1.. agreed that the Articles of Submission and
Agreement, made at Boston in New England by the Dele-
" ful J -Ar •«""! Norridgwolk & St. John'/lndians, in
" i'wbr «V A ^^''l^'i^ Confirmed by all the Nova Sco'tia
1 ibe», at Annapo IS Royal, in the month of June 1726, &
lately renewed with Governor Cornwallis at Halifax, & Rati-
fied at St Johns River, now road over. Explained and
Interpreed shall be and are hereby from this time forward
" their t'i ^^'^'^'^•"f '^d 'ind forever Confirmed by them and
" eVTrh ' T^/"%/'^"^ ^r''""' for themselves and

''IhoLil^i *'''!' "'•""' "^'"■°''^''* ^^ '»"'^« ^ Renew
the same boleinn hubmissions and promisses for the Strickt
observance of all the Articles therein contained as at any
time heretofore hath been done. •'

"ifnfl" •'7'"'f '''1 ''''■'"jsaetions during the late War shall on
"th. tl^ H f ]'»"«d'" Oblivion with the Hatchet, and
that the said Indians shall have all favour. Friendship <fe Pro-
*o =*""!,'ifT, ''«"' from this His Majesty's Govornment.

vours to bring in the other Indians to Renew and Ratify this
Peace, and shall discover and make known any attempts
-or designs of any other Indians or any Enem/ whatever
against His Majestys Subjects within this Province so
soon as they shaU know thereof and shall also hinder

684

NOvIa SCOTIi DOCUMENTS.

"ontl.? ^r'S*^^^^"*° ^^'^ utmo.tof their Power and
on the other hand i^ any of the Indians refusing oratffr

" o firmed'/h " ""'fe "^^^ "P""^ ^'^^ ^ribo wl oMvo now
"a." and Is istar//.t'''^.v''":l' '^P°" Application Lave such
"as\i:^"lte ;t"r:± ''" ^°-"--t f- their Defence,

" bfhindired' fSlf'h* ^''''/'''l .Jribe of Indians shall not

;' in. aru"?a/:°a"d'i 7f^ ttVSVJnk "" t"^ t.^'^^"
"needful] at tlio Eivprri, L ^ 1- ^"'^ * Truckhouse
"their resort hev.UlV?^'"''*'^"' ^ ''"'y "t^'er place of

" regard Xallli fit ^°.^ *'" }"""" *° '^"'"^ ^ ""'I tl'o same
<.„... .^ .-. •> peregrine Ihomas Hopson Esqr. Captain Gou-

no* 1*1 *^ TT- ■«■■ • *

unon ti Pfircr^ r ^'« majesty, that the said Indians
" ^,'.11 r'nf- '^ ^f °^ October Yearly, so lonji as thev

« Tolls "'!" '" ^"^"d«''ip. Receive Presents of BlanS

" save the lives an/?' !'''" "?f ^''"''' ^'''^ Endeavours to
" Coast wle,. 2 ^°°^^ "J ^°^' ^ ^°P'« ^hip^-recked on this
"savehoHlT^'-.rT/*!",'^'^ '•^^l' ^°"''"«t the People

" f:tf;a]^^:t^ha/rs .fc s^- ^ ^ ^--^^ ^^«^-« ^°

S- • "That all Disputes whatsoever that may happen to

HALIFAX.

685

arise between the Indiana now at Peace, and others Hia
Majes y s Subjects in this Province shall be trved in His
'Majes y's Courts of Civil Judicature, where the Lidians shall
have the ..me benefit. Advantage and Priviledges as any
others of His Majesty's Subjects. ^ ' ^

"In Faith and Testimony whereof, the Groat Seal of the
Province is hereunto Appended, and the party's to these
p esents have hereunto, interchangeably Sot their Hands in

he Council Chamber at Halifax this 22nd day of Nov. 1752"
in the 1 wenty sixth year of His Majesty's Reign

P. T. HopsoN,
Cha8. Lawrence,
Ben. Green,
Jno. Salusbury
WiLLM. Steele,
Jno. Collier.

P. T. HOPSON.

- Councrs.

tK.^oA^r"''!. x}'°^''^" ?* ^^^ Governor's house on Pryday
the 24th day of Novr. 1752, ^'>u»y

Present — i

His Excellency the Govertor,
TheHonble.

Chas. Lawrence, "
Jno. Halusburv,
Willm. Steele,'
Jno. Collier.

inJi'octmaSr" -"« *- K-o'^^ron to iLe the*follow.

By His Excellency Peregrine Thomas Hopson Esqr.
Laptain General and Governor in Chief, in and
7*"" i^'s .M^Jest-V's Province of Nova Scotia or
Accadie Vice Admiral of the same and Colonel of
one of His Majesty's Regiments of Foot Ac.

A Proclamation. ^
Whereas the Treaty or Articles of Peace and Friendship
hath been Renewed on the 22d Inst, between this Govern-
ment and Major Jean Baptiste Cope, Chief Sachem of the
Chibenaccadie Tribe of Mick Mack Indians, Inhabiting tha

.1 1

686

KOVA

SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

rtluJf 1?*'* °^' t'»^P'°^i"°e, and the Delegates of the said
Iribe fully empowered fjr that purpose.

And Whereas It is provided by the said Treaty that all the
Transactions of the latelwar should on both sides be b r ed
in Obhvon w, h the Jlatchot, and that the said Indians
should have ail ayour PV.endship and Protection shewn them
from tins His Maje.tys Government and also all the Benefit^
Advan ages and Pnvjiedbs in His Majesty's Courts of Civi
Judicature equal with alf others Ilis Majesty's Subjects.

I have therefore thought fit by and with the Advice and
Consent of I],s Majesty' Council, In His Majesty's Name to
Publish and make kno vn the same to all His Majesty's
Subjects and s nctly to Charge and Command all His Ma esty's
Officers, and all others His Subjects whatsoever that they do

Stfl ^^''' °^ u"'"^H '^S'^'"'^' '^' ^f^'-'^^^i'J Major Jean
?nd^l f P''T n" rH^ °^ Chibenaccadie Mick Mack

as they shall answer the c ontrary at their Peril.

Done in the Cou
day of Novr.
Majesty's Rei^n

icil Chamber at Halifax this 24th
1752, and In the 26th Year of His

God
Which Proclamation wa^

Jno. Dhpobt, Sec. Cone

P. T. HOPSON.
Save the King.

published accordingly.

P. T; HOPSON.

HALIFAX.

687

Memoranda from the Board of Trade connecied roith «
Sm J-^ .Ae Colo., Of ^0^ Scotia HT^

Del"eir'ritV4^^^^^^^^^^

following Articles, vizt.: ^ Parliament, there are the

Dollars and half pence sent Gover-
nor Hopson ... ^4ro^ ^^

To Governor HopsonforVic'tuaiing'''' '^- '
the Settlers— Subsisting a Com-
pany of Rangers-Hire, Wages
& Repairs of Sloops & Arra'd
Vessels— payment of Officers &
Artificers & Labourers and other
Contingent Expences between
t^ie first of August and thirty-first
December, 1752 ^... 5543 3 ^

The Grant of Parliament for 1753 walrTTT lufl ^6 6

i _^

■£57272 19 10
cee^lzt;"'"' '''"' *''^° appropriated to the following servi-

Appropriated for payment of Provi-

sions for the Troops for 1753. . £Ul65 0 in

For payment of twelve months pro- "

visions_for 1955 Settlers for the

DCa^Half-pencesentover ''''''''
^*'*^^"'- 4562 10

Tn \..A r , ^28390 10

To be drawn for by the Governor
towards defraying the Expences
of the Colony from August Ist,
1/5J to December 31st, 1753.. . 28882

0
8

9 2

Of which sum of. . . .
There has already been drawn for'
as follows, vizt, :

57272 19 10
28882 9 a

W» "A ■'"■■' ""^'-'^IWPWBip

688

NOVA SColnA D0C0MENT8.

^ . , Bitought forward

In favor of Apthorp & Haiicdck for

supplies £3000 of wcli ha^ been

^ ™o»ey I £12000

In favour of Delancy <fe Witts on

account of Provisions ... J 2000

In fiivour of Daniel Dyson foij wood

for Chignecto 54^

In favour of Joshua Maugdr and

PJplnaim Cook for molossei.
In favour of Richard Cathefwood

for Cloathing for tlie Rangers . .
In favour Sundry Persons for Pro-
visions purchased at HalifJx

In favour William Baker for] Cash

for the works at Annapblia <fe

Chignecto ....

In favour of Ditto for Cash supplied

the Treasury at Halifax b[y Mr

Saul '

X28882 9 2

0 0

0
0

1162 0 0

164 1 8

U09 8 10

300 0 0

Ballance now remaining \o be drawn for ... , £8505 2

2800 0 0

■20,377 6

to draw for the

The Governor has likewise
further ?um of

he having purchased provisiois for nine months
from August 1st, 1752, (for 2400 persons
agreeable to an Estimate transmitted last year •
vvliich nine months includes four months of
the year 1753, for whichl years provisions
the sum of £9662 19 10 w^s granted.

Total remaining to be drawi^' for upon account

ot the ordinary Expences of the Colony. . 11726

ay as near a calculation as! the
nature & present state ofl the
currant account will admit there
appears to be necessary to Icom-
pleat the payment for the ordi-
nary expences of the Colony to
Deer. 31, 1753, vizt. :

For Civil Officers salaries, Rangers,
Vessels in the Service, Hospital,
Orplian house and small Coptin.

3221 0 0

2 8

Hampax.

, Brought forward . .
Sgencies (most of their pay since
Jany. last being yet duo "except
the pay of Rangers and wages
of the mariners) about 9000 0

For the public works and fuel. Rum

and Molosses &c. about ....... 6000 0

For Ballance due to Delancy &
Watts on account of the Provi-
sions furnished by them, about

. £11726 2 8

0
0

500 0 0

V 1 • L J , , £15000 0 0
*rom which deduct the sum remain-
ing to be drawn for 11726 2 8

There remains an exceeding of 0770 t7"~7

To this may be added whaf may be due "to Ap-
tliorp & Hancock on account of supplies which

.nayre'i2m'"^'^^*^'^- '^'^'^ '^^ -PPo-^
Total exceedings on tho ordinary services of the~~ ~

Colony— occasion'd as is mentioned in the an-
nexed Letter <fe inclosed Explanation, about
JN. ii. .Besides tho before mentioned Exceed-
ings the Governor is to form a Separate ac-
count ot the extraordinary Expences that may
be necessarily incurred— in particular what re-
lates to the foreign Settlers and the Indians,
ana to draw for the same, the amount whereof
cannot be at present ascertained

be^entln*!" ^''"'T"' ''"''' *''"* ^" ^^^'^ Expences must

Snito Vh/r T'"'" ''''"'■ f' 'T" P"*-* °f *''« Expence rela-

t e^Year 1 7^" ,"' Tf ^"1^ '"^' '"'='"*^^^ '" ^^e Accounts of
ti c year 1752 which have been transmitted.

Ihe Governor has drawn lor (freight of Provi-
sions, furnished by contract for the year 1753
the following Bilk which the Contractor must
repay vizt.,

In favor of Timothy Pitch ffreight of provisions

from Cork m the Brigantine Abigail . . £i2fi ft n

In foyor of William Ci for Ditto^in the school ®

13 5

ner Prospect from Philadelphia 73

£199 13 5
The provisions purchased by the Governor being at

690

KOVA SCOTIA DOCtjfilENTS.

for the year 1753— and

hiuher rate than the Contract made ..,. ...- , -- -^ -

being for 2400 persons, the cost ol them has consi.lerably
exceeded the sum of £3221, which together with the Cost ot
provisions purchased to replace tliose damaged will come
under the liead of unavoidable exceedings.

Anion"- the other Contingencies unprovided for, there is t orty
Pounds per annum for a Parsonage House, also stationar>' tor
the Offices which has been purchaset '—» — "■" A.„r,„t, nfti.

here since August 1752.

Estimate of the Charges of support ng and maintaimng the
Settlement of His Majesty's Colony of Mva Scotia for the
Year 1754.5

To Victualling f 955 settlers for 12 rionths after

the rate of SJd. per person per diem.. . . . . . £9662 19 lU

To 4d. per man per diem to the non commissioned
officers <k private men in Colo. Warburtons
and Colo. Hopsons regiments of foot consist-
ing of 1562 men to replace to them a Deduction
of so much made from their Pay fo r Provisions 9502 3 4

Tq Victualling Colo. Lascells's Regirjient of Foot
consisting of 404 commissioned a id non com-
mission'd officers and private men, and a com-
pany of Royal Regiment ol Artijlery consist-
lug of 107 men at 6d. per man pe^ diem 4662 11 b

To tlie pay, victualling, cloathing, rebruiting and
other contingent expences attend ng one com-
pany ofRangers consisting of 117 commissioned

and non commissioned omcers ana
To the Seamen's Wages, Stores, P

O ine ci;»iin;ii s ,1..^,.^.., ^ , - - „- - '

pairs and inciilental Expences oi tour armed

private men 2786 15 lOJ
■bvisions, Re-

Vessels <fe a Pilot schooner enip
Service of the Province

To Salary of Civil officers, 2 surgeo; is, 4 mates &

a midwife

oyed in the

2811 19
3691 13

4i
0

To repairing and compleating the ])ublic Works
and Buildings and erecting such new ones as
are immediately necessary for the Security
and Convenience of the Settlemdnt t>9ii

To Stores, Materials and Tools foij the Settlers
the Wages of Artificers and I_;aboi|Trs,aud other
incidental expences attending * " '—"""* ^
the settlement

ic service of

2 2i

8002 4 IJ

£47054 13 5

HALIFAX.

691

transmitted from the%o^„^" '"'" **"* ^'■"'"'»"d in the £sti^

Estimate.

To victoalling 1955 Settlers
for 12 momhs £9662

10 the fourpences to Warbur-
ton's Kejiiment, & .md to the
victualling Lascelles's Regi-
ment, & the Artillery Com-

Xo the Pay, Victualling, &e. &
other Expences of the Com-
pany of Kangers 2786 15 lOi

^t^^s.&c £8202~1'~^

19 10

0 19

Sdms Disallowed.

Orphan House 975 in

Hospital ;.; g{j '^

Contingencies ggg ^

Bum & Molasses 3165 15

^^"■"'"^ 1487 16

Hay&c;;n:::::::::::::::: j^'ij

^''"'^' 300 0

Contingencies £2000 0

8202 2 IJ

To the Expeneeof Four armed

vessels and aPilot Schooner £281 1 19

To the Salaries of Civil officers 8691 13

Public Works 5033 iT

Grenadier fort fi= n'

Fort Lutterell .V:. . \l ,

Fort Cornwallis ;.' J? jg

Horseman's fort q jy

Orplian House 55

Chignecto / "

Pisiquid ''*'_

Minas ''_"]

Cavalier on George's Island.'. «„

New Barracks <jg

Pier & Fislihouse ao

Wharf. *"*

£61 0 0<

Fort Saekville 9^

Church at Lunenburg 476

Battery on Eastern Shore.... 2000

Engineers, Labourers, &c 2148

Contingencies jgg

287 10

290 0

182 15 10
25 19 0
3 7i
S Oj
3 0
0
16
0

S,«""acks £2o.si 17

J^''":*^''- 818 a

uovt. House 49 jg

Court House 95 3

Work House 295 13

New Wharf. 237 7

1
0
8
8
i
11

Stone Jail at Lunen-
burg

282 10 0

£5933 17 lOi

George's Island 1447 i g

Battery 375 jg 0,

692

NOVA SCOliA D0CDMENT9.

Minutes of Council Halifax.

At a Council liolden at th}
on the 5th day of March 1753

HALIFAX.

Governors House at llalifax

ENT-

His Excellendy the Governor.
The Honble.

Chas. Lawrfence,
Benj. Grceli,
Jno. Sahisbniry,
Willm. Stedlo,
Jno. Collier,
* Willm. Cotterell.

His Excellency was this

Connors.

day pleased to nominate and

appoint Charles Morris, James Monk, John Diiport, Robert
Ewer, Joseph Scott, William Bourn, Sebastian Zouberbuhler
Esqrs. to be Justices of the Peace and Quorum, and Joseph
Gerrish, John Creigliton and lildmund Crawley, Esqrs. Justices
of the Peace for the Town find County of Halifax in thial
Province, and also Charles Mdrris, James Monk, John Duport,
Robert Ewer, Joseph Scott, William Bourn, Sebastian Zouber-
buhler, Joseph Gerrish, John Oeighton and Edmund Crawley,
Esqrs. to be Justices of the Inferior Court of Commoij Pleas
for the County of Halifax in t lis Province.

At a Council held at the Qovenior's House at Halifax on
Thursday 22d March 1753.

PBEtENT —

His Excellencj}' the Governor.
The Honble.

Chas. Lawrfence,
Benj, Greeh,
Jno. Saluslmiry,
Willm. Stecjle,
Jno, CoUieii
Willm. Cottjerell,

His Excellency having acquainted the Council that ho was
Instructed by His Majesty thjit a Militia should be raised and
iEstablished for the Service of this Province.

Councs,

♦ See page 208.

693

The Council did advise and Consent that the following
1 roclamation should be immediately Issued.'

I Proclamation

for the forming of a Militia

By His Excellency Peregrine Thomas Hopson Esqr.
Captain General and Governor in Chief and Vice
Admiral of His Majesty's Province of Xova Scotia
or Aceadie and Colonel of One of His Majesty's
Regiments of Foot. "

111 Council.

Whereas I am directed by His Majesty's Royal Instructions
to cause a Militia to be Established, as well for'the Defence of
the Lives and Properties of His Majesty's Subjects as the
Honour and feecurity of this his Province.

I have thouglit lit by and with tlie Advice and Consent of,
His Majesty's Council, to issue this Proclamation lierebf
strictly requiring and enjoining All Planters, Inhabitants and
■ their Servants between the Ages of Sixteen and Sixty residing
in and be onging to this Town, Suburbs or the Peninsula of
miilax, the Town and Suburbs of Dartmouth and the Parts
adjacent Excepting the Foreign Settlers, as it is intended that
they shall be lormed at their Out Settlement. That the said
llanters and Inhabitants do forthwith provide themselves
and Servants with proper and sufficient Fire Arms Consisting-
of a Musket, Gun or Fuzjl not less than three foot long in the
Barren, two spare Flints, and Twelve Charges of Powder and
Ba I, suitable to their respective Fire Arms, which said Arms
and Arannition the said Planters, Inhabitants and their Ser-
vants are to have and appear with at sucli Rendezvous as
shall be by 1 roclamation Appointed at any time on or after
the Ud day of May next in the year of Our Lord 1753 At
which tune the said Planters and Inhabitants to be account-
able for themselves and Servants. And in Default of such
Appearance and Provision aforesaid, they will be liable to the
Penalty of I- orty Shillings to be levied on the Goods and
Chatte s of such Offender or Offenders bv Warrant of Distress
.and hale under the Hand and Seal of any one or more of His
Majesty's Justices of the Peace for the Town and County of
Halifax, and for want of sufficient Distress such Offender or
Offenders to suffer One Months Imprisonment and hard
Labour. Such Warrant to bo Granted upon Information or

694

NOVA SCOTIA

DOCUMENTS.

such Officer or Officers as shall be appointed to muster
the Persons required to appear as aforesaid.

Done in the Council Chamber at Halifax this 22d day
of March, in the yofir of Our Lord 1753, and in the
^ 26th year of His Mtijesty's Reign.

(Si

By His Excellency's Command
and Avitli the Advice and Con-
sent of His Majesty's Counci

(Signed) Wm. Cottekell, Secy.

God Save the King.

Resolved that an Act be forihwith prepared for the Regu-
lation of the said Militia.

* Jno. Dupobt, Sec. Cone.

ned)

P. T. HOPSON.

- Councrs.

At a Council holden at the C overnor's House in Halifax on
Monday the 16th of April 1753

Present-
His Excellency the Governor.
The Honble

Chas. Lawjrence,
Benj : Green,
Jno. Saluspijry,
Willm. Stiele,
Jno. CoUiar,
Willm. Coiterell.

John Conner and James Gmice who arrived yesterday in
this Harbour in an Indian Cai oe and brought with tliera six

* John Duport was an Attorney. Hejcame out with the settlers in June, 1740,
and in July following was appointed a J^istice of the I'caee. In February, 1752,
he was made Judge of the Inferior Coirt of Common Pleas. He performed
the duties of Secretary of Council for hiany years. In 177G he prepared an
edition of the Laws of the Province Which was printed by Kichard Fletcher,
King's printer at Halifax. Mr. Uuport iwas appointed Second Assistant Judge
of the Supreme Court of the Island ofj St. John's (P. E. Island), and in 1770
was elevated to be Chief Justice of that Island. His daughter married the
late P. Shey, Esqr., of Falmouth, N. Si, and was mother of the late Wm. H.
Shey, Esqr. , many years member of /.ssemblyfor that township, and Gustos
of the County of Hants. Judge Dupor ; was the grandfather of Kobcrt Duport,
Esqr., formerly of this city.— A''. 5. i7o«nciY Books; Journals of House of
Assembly, N. S. ; N. S. MS. Doc.

HALIFAX.

695

Indian Scalps. Appeared before the Council and gave the fol-
lowing account of themselves.

That they the said Conner and Grace with Michael Hagarthv
and John Poor sailed in the Schooner Punk tlio Cth dav of
iebniary from tins Port bound along shore to the Eastward
and got to Jedore that night, and from thence nest dav came
to a 1 lace near 0«'l.s Head and from thence to the "Bav of
Isian.ls, ami along the Coast till thev came to a Place between
Country Harbour imd Torbay where they arrived about the
Jlst of February, That the next morning a Canoe with four
Indians came off and Haled them. That thev answered them
and the Indians then fired several Ball at them. That bein<^
near the Shore and the Wind Southerly the Vessel could not
get oil but drove towards the shore, and two Canoes with
bix Indians came on board, that the said Conner and his Com-
panion submitted tliomselves, and that there was another
Canoe with three Indians ashore, That they gave the Indians
VictuaKs and Dunk. That they Ordered them to hoist the
._ teail.s and the Indians steered and run the Vessel into a Creek,
lliat the Indians then sent them ashore and came a.sliore
themselves in about four hours, That thev then sent them
into the Woods to cut AVood, and upon their Return the
Indians sent two of them in company with three Indians
towards the ^ ater. That the said Conner and Grace saw the
Indians knock Michael Hagarthy and John I'oor in the Head
with their Axes and killed and Scalped them. That the next
morning they carried the said Conner and Grace about Ten
miles into the. Country where they continued Prisoners till
the 8tli day of this month. That about the sixth dav of the
month same of the Indians separated from the rest and left
Coniier and Grace with four Iiidian.s, a Woman and a Boy.
Ihat on the 8th day of the month, being Sunday, They canie
down to the Sea Shore where the Vessel lay" off upon an
Island about a mile distant, That the four Indians went to the
\ esse for a Cag of Beer and as they had frequent discourse
with the Indians, two of the Indians told them that the others
designed to kill thein, and being almost famished for want of
Provisions and in danger of Starving, They took this Oppor-
tunity to endeavour, by destroying the Indians, to make their
^scape ; That accordingly they first killed the Woman and
Boy and then secured the Arms and Amunition of the Indians
and waited fur their Return, when thev rushed upon them
and killed them with Guns and Axes at their LandiuL', and
then having taken one of their Canoes and taking Pork and

696

NOTi SCOTIi DOCUMENTS.

Beer out of tiieir Schooner the)- arrived at HaFifivx Yesterday,
being the 15th Inst: The sfiid Coiiner and Grace further
declared that the Indians cul the mast of tlieir Vessel and
afterwards cut down her Side.

Ordered that John Conner and James Grace do give
Security for their Appearance at the next General Court in
case any Complaint should b« brought against them by the

I *-k W 14^ ft \ ft

Indians.

Jno. Dupobt, Sec r Cone :

P. T. HOPSON.

The most remarkable C'uvumsmnces of the Deposition of An-
thony Uasteel from the tiifie of his being taken Pri&oner
by the Indians till his return to Halifax.

On the IGth of May 1753, he with Mr. Bannerman, Mr.
Cleaveland, and Four Bargemen, sailed on board a small
Sloop to convey three Indians to Isidore, a few leagues to the
Eastward of Halifax, wliero tliey arrived next day, and was
civilly treated by the Indiana : Major Cope telling thfem he
■would write to his Brother tlie Governor. That when they
had near finished the Business they were sent upon, Mr.
Bannerman with Four Hands went ashore in the Boat and
was Surprised and taken Prisiiner witli his Peoi^le.

That the Indians immediately afterwards came on board the
Sloop after firing several shot at them and seized Mr. Cleave-
land and him whom they carred ashore and after a long con-
sultation among themselves aj; reed to save his life he calling
himself a Frenchnwn tlic others they immediately killed with
their hatchets and took o(f their scalps: Major Cope bragging
much of his being a good Soldier in conducting tTifs enterprize>
and otherways distressing the English.

That they travelled from theice by the River Shubenaccadie
to Cobequid where they made a signal to the Inhabitants, and
coming to a Frenchman's house where Cope had lodg'd the
articles of Pcice, they den anded provisioiLs, whicli the
Frenchman would have excused himself from giving demand-
ing their orders, on which ttie Indians procfuced a Paper
signed Delausett, (a French Officer commanding at Fort
Gaspare,) which he was desiied to read. It was addressed
to the French Inhabitants, v herever this party should go^
aad dated May the 5tli or (ith ; the substance as near as lie
can recollect was as follows.

HALIFAX.

697

This IS to comnmnd all French Inhabitants

wherever this Detachment passes, to furnS

them with ammunition and provisions or

any other necessaries, they be ng upon the

'"King's duty going to Chehucto. "' ^

I pr. mo,

' Delausett.

even spare the Child in the Mother's Womb 'n ; w"
TluU being joined tlere by , nnmber of ludiiins tbef ..(

XJf.rg ''b''?j'/'*' •' ■; ■'™ri' «■»" «S Spa"'

e.pe^Jifr„?rk^troir&;^iZf4.t™''is
f^.t-ir\t,;;r,r.:-iSL;'L''r;-;£sz'n'^

several other questions to sound him and tl!" Affi '

r«?foi fl v\ •"" ^^"* ^^""^ ""^ they came not under the
JMeiiigash, what strength they had thera jrd iow they were

698

NOVA SCOTIi. DOCUMENTS.

wliicli he was instantly to
Jacques Morris, a French In
the money for his ransom

was at Halifax, bow many and

fortified : What troops there
what cannon was in the forts.

That the Indians then carri(id him to their Camp, whore he
thinks there were about Fivb
liere the Chiefs held a Consu

Hundred of them assembled,
tation in a circle he kneeling in

the center, and his ransom was tixed at three hundred Livres,

)ay, or be scalped : But one

abitiint, generously paid down
nd told him ho would do every
thing in his power for the English.

That being sent for again to the Port and examined, he was
ordered to go to Louisbourg to the Count do Raymond and a
Vessel being then ready to siil embarked and arrived there
upon the 16th June N. S.

That he was very particn arly examined by the Governor,
to whom he related the m inner of his being taken and
pointed out his march with i lo Indians on a map the Gover-
nor had then lying before him : His Excellency insisted much
on the Deponents being a native and subject to the King of
France, and that he ought to be detained : Ho then enfjuired
what troops there was at Halifax, if the Settlement was made
at Merligash and who comniaitded there.

That being renAted for fuiftlier Examination to Mr. Loutre
the Priest, that gentleman jreated him with very abusive
language and inveighed bitterly against Mr. Cornwallis, and
said that the English Governcjr if he wanted a Peace ought to

ith the Tail of ye Indians, and
onent sliou'd tell the Governor
n, and if he would write to him
alifax, if not, the English might
leased ; but he wou'd take care
of them, for he was resolved
Indians, and desired that the
Governor might declare Wa^' accordingly : That as he this
Deponent was ransom'd bef(ire his arrival he had leave to
depart, but that the first Englishman who came in his way he
was resolved to detain^ till ho had full satisfaction both for
himself and his Indi-ins.

That the Deponent again kvaited upon tho Governor, who
gave him his Pass, and at thi same time desired him to tell
Governor Hopson, he would be willing to live with him in a
ifriendly manner, and that if Mr. Hopson would send him
directions concerning the Aimapolis Schooner taken by the
Indians, he would be glad to iervo him.

write to him and not treat ^^'
seem'd desirous that the Dei
so: That he knew Mr. Hopsci
he was not afraid to come to
build as many forts as they
they shouM not not come out
to torment them with his

HALIFAX.

699

2Veaii/ of Peace mid Friendship concluded hn fh. tt

Jonathan Belcheu Esquire PrSeTt of fr ^f ?'-«*^«
Vouncil and Commander innlTi^ f JI^ Majesty's
ty's Province of NZTslottoi T T'^ T'' F"" ^''J'^
Joseph ShabecholoJSt o/ ,! or Acadm d-c dc rf-c with
at mifa. in tU "^^ I}" S^Si^^J-^^^-

-ie. • ffin^S^atf^St' ^f ^''^ ^^'"° °f ^-i-

diction and Dominion of Hs ilsfv K '""n''''-^ *''° ■^""«-

- over the Territories of NnL ^'i r^ "? ^?°'"f^'^ **'« ''"'•d

- make Submission t^-HsMaiestv in ^if' ^'"''*"- ^'"J '''^ ^o

and sole,nn manner "' ^ '" *''° """'^ P^^-'ect ample

dants in their SetS"ents alS ,^ I "''•'r/' ?'" *''"''• I^^'P«"

or in carrying on ZT Conm,e cT ■ ' *° ''^

within ti,is the Province of hI L.?1 v'" T^' """^ ^vhatever'

Ami if any Insult Ibbtr^. r OUrll'lh.lI f^''"'"'" .
committed by any of mv 'LiL l\-^r J- '"'PPen to be

manner ass st in convevintr tuLT! t*' *'''«eit, nor in any

willdoourutm,,stend!^vnl "'^^^^ ^"* "" *''« contrary

pan V Regime,^ Fort or G^r' '""f *''.""' ^'''^ *° t'"-^''- Com^-

That if anv Q nrrell .. T ^"7'""'' ^'^r «liall belong,
betwixt myS and t Endi' ;"'"'^r''f ""^"'§- ^'"'» '"H>peu
m.V Tribe neither I norH lAi7tak^°''' "''^'" "'''^ ''"' ^^
tion or Revenge but wUv^M ml f T'^' P'''"^'*'' '^''^isfac-

the Laws established irffi^MnSlfD ^-''' ""''''"^^^S to
That all Pno-iJci • ^*i'<jo-'tys Domuiions.

shall bl et at Sranrth .r''^ V ""^•^'^'^ °'- -•>' ^^"^0

vours to prevairo[?t,'.;"oti "V;r;'^ro X" """-^^ 7'^'-

pr^on^rs shall happen to be in their hanu' ''" "°"' '' ^°^
^^r't^^SZr^^ltj'T^' -"^ -^y Tribe that we
of His most Sa ed gaies f K^^^ T' V^'' ^"'^'"'^«

or Successors, norLKv mZ! 7T *'"" *''"■'' '''■* ^^eirs
intercourse w tl tl em "bo^ "? °^ Commerce Traffick nor

may be in our nowe'r diZ. ''T^'^Y ^"'" ^"^ '""cl' as
Majesty's Governo^r Inv i T ' ^"^ '?'*''« known to His

co-inved againirKi^L^^^s^;;:!:;? ^Zi\ fT'.r

Engage that we will not^Tniffick, KV^ ExShtg^'t;

KOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

700

Commodities in any manneij, but with such person or the
Managers of such Truckhobses as shall be appointed or
established by flis MajestyM Governor at Port Cumberland
or elsewhere in Nova Scotifi.

And for the more effectual Security of the due performance
of this Treaty and every part thereof, I do promise and
engage that a certain number of persons of my Tribe which

be less in number

than Two persons siiall on

the Twenty first day of September next reside
)s at Fort Cumberland or at place or nla

or
as

shall not

before

Hostages at l<'ort Cumberlandior at place or places

in this Province of Nova Scotia or Acadia shall be appointed

for that purpose by His Majesty's Governor of said Province,

which Hostages shall be exchanged for a like number of my

Tribe when requested.

And all these foregoing i rticlea and every one of them
made with

I do promise for myself an
will' most strictly keep and
manner. In Witness whereof
and Seal at Halifax in Nova
June One thousand Seven h
First year of His 'Majesty's Eb

JOi^EPH

Jn account of the Lands callec
Halifax, drawn up by Or
Commander in Chief.

The State of the Commons
thus — In the year 1750 the ne
Cornwallis for land on the Pen
to Survey the Same and to re
were on the Peninsula excl
to be granted, which was

I then mentioned to the G
I apprehended it would be
reserve a quantity of Lamls
and Suburbs, and the lands _
at that time covered with

acc( r

pro

in behalf of my Tribe, that we
observe in the most solemn
I have hereunto put my Mark
Scotia this Twenty-fifth day of
idred and Sixty one and in the

his

SABECHOLOUCT.
Max

(For Lieut. GoTcrnor I elcher, 11th Jany. 1762.)

the Commons near the Town of
der of fhe Lieutenant Governor

as near as I can rpmember was
w Settlers applied to Governor
nsula of Halifax, who ordered me

[lort what number of acres, therij
live of the Town and Suburbs,
rdingiy done.

overnor of my own accord that

convenient and necessary to

n Common between the Town

iposed to be granted (it being

oods) for the benefit of the

HALIFAX.

701

Inhabitants and Soldiers to prevent a trespass or contention
that might arise by cutting wood on lots which would become
private property, observing at the same time that if the
lown should ever be fortified the lands would remain without
any incumbrance. That as those lands after they were
cleared o Its Avood would naturally bo stocked with grass
they in.ght lioreaf;ter servo for a common pasture for the
Inhabitants all which was approved by the Governor, and I
was ordered to form a plan accordinglv, which being laid
before the Governor and Council was approved of, and a plan
representing the said land reserved in common together with
the Town Suburbs, and all the Lots Jaid out on the Peninsula
was soon after transmitted to the Board of Trade.

That the lands so denoted Common were reserved lands
of the Crown Ihat in 1758 the ' Kepresentatives for the
lown of Halifax, applied to Govr. Lawrence praying that a
parcel of the said lands might be set off as a perpetual Com-
mon for the use of the Inhabitants of the Town of Halifax
which was granted, and 235 acres with 5 acres alk.wance for
roads and I a.ssages, making in the whole 240 acres, was
Burveyed and laid out.

That then there were lands lying between the Common and
the 1 own ungranted those next the Town reserved for Forti-
fication.

That Mr. Burbridge, Mr. Best and Mr. Fairbanks, three of
. the said representatives, in 1700 applied to Governor Law-
rence for part of those lands, which was granted in case the
^ said lands should not be wanted for Fortification, and Mr
i Woiiman an inhabitant obtained a grant of part, that Mr.
/p^ulke ey having a lot granted him not of these reserved
\ lands-but iiext adjoining, intending to enclose the same with
a stone wall The Engineers informed him thiTt according to
their plan of Fortifying, the front of his lot would be wanted,
and th»refore Governor Lawrence desired that the front of
his Lol should be left out, and an equal quantity grantedL
r? *'l?.,':««c'"*^'^^'l lands- -all the other Lots are on tlie declivity '
ot the Hill and will be comprehended within the body of the
• works if the Town be fortified and are only improved by
verbal leave or conditioned to be resigned.

That no Officer in the Government to my knowledge was
cv^possessed of one foot of the said reserved lands except
p. lands given to Mr. Bulkeley in exchange for lands left out
by hira for the lines.

(Signed) CHAS. MORRIS,

Chief Surveyor.

702

NOVA SCOTIJA DOClTjrEajTS.

Ata Conncil of War held .^t the Governors house m Hali
fax on Saturday the 10th. Jul} 1762.

Present — ,

The SJIl'InlT- ^Vr 'i ^tl''- ^'''"*- «°^'-- °f Nova Scotfa,
Ihe light Honbie lord Co v.ll as commander in Chief of His

r 1 . ^t^T^>l S'"P' '" N"^" America, '

Coloul. Richard Bulkeley of the Halifax Militia

Major Genl. Bastide, '

Colo. Wm. Forster,

Lt. Colo. Hamilton,

Lt. Colo. WiLslow.

The Council having taken nto consideration the several

on this town and Harbour, Camt. to the folio winr^'lS

1 Th.rti:i'' '"^n™T? '^'"'l^^ '^'^'^'^ of the^same "

1. Ihat tlie small Island called Thrum Cap bo appointed

•after tglvl^o^r'^ ''""''''"^' ^° ''^ orders'^hat sSC

2. That the provincial Regiment employed in the Fortifica-
*"".rl^!JTi^':,..^^'- «f""- Jhtide4 directions bo imme

be Forthwith arraved : and

diately armed <fe disciplined

thaMrliot'sMt?^'?'"/,^^"'"'''^ '"^ i^orinwiui arraved: and
that Major .Sutherland be requited to make a detachment of
two Hundred men from the Milit a of Lunenburg, and to march
them to Halifax as soon as poss ble, or bring th'en" by Water
as shall seem to him most conve Lent. ^

4. That the french Neutrals {prisoners of War be forthwith
collected together, lodged and put under Such ren-u atiouTas

Ilft^mfs when&d^-n^n:^'^'''^^ ^°' '" '^'^ ^-^^ ^^^^^ ^'
Fnr'- Jr't ^^' .'^^o'eseley according to his Proposal to Colo.
For»ter, be emplo>;ed with his vksel to bring in any french

£r. or/ TC'v^'r' f '^'''f? "P°" the Last o^r i'n'he
Sr /.? . Eastward, tog<^ther with their boats and
shallops, that a small party be Allowed him ; & that he be
properly rewarded for the same £^ a Military Service

^mmiaiiimn

HALIFAX.

703

6. It having been proposed to the board that a battery or
batteries should be erected at point Pleasant, the same was
agreed to, and resolved that Major Genl. Bastide should give
such directions therein as he may judge the most expedient
and also that the ground near the Dock yard be viewed by the
Engmeors, that such Works or Batteries as may tend to its
fiecuiity, <fc as shall bo approven of by the Commander in
Chief of His Majestys Ships,, be as soon as possible Carried
into Execution, and that the Damage done to private proi)erty
by such Works bo_ ascertained that the same may l)e made
good.

7. That Three or more Guns be added to the Three Gun
or South Battery.

8. That the State of the Island Batteries having been
considered, resolved that the same be put into such a posture
of dcflbnco as has been pointed out in the Engineers rejjort
who vi.sited The same with Colonel Forster, as far as may be
found practicable witli our present numbers.

9. That the walls of the Eastern Redoubt be repaired as
soon as possible, and that it remain in that Situation till further
orders.

Jonathan Belcher, J. H. Bastide.

CoLviLL, Wm. Forster,'

j Fredk. Hamilton,

I Job Winslow.

At a Council of War, held at the Governors House in Hali-
fax on Monday 12th July 1762. (In continuation.)

Present—

The Honble. Jonathan Belcher, Esq., Lieut. Governor of Nova

Scotia,
The Right Honble. Lord Colvill as Commander in Chief of Hia
Majestys Ships in North America.
Major Genl. Bastide,

Colonel Wm. Forster, - •. _

Lt. Colo. Hamilton,
Lt. Colo. Winslow.

The Council having read over and approved the Minutes of
the 10th Instant, the same were signed.

Resolved that the. Island Battery be Reinforced with an
Officer and a Detachment to make the whole command forty
men.

r Ji^Mf iii^-i' " '

rjwj-:.^.. .^^ ^^ ■ - J /:_^_\il^^-

704

NOVA SCOTIA DdCUMENTS

That the Party at the Eastern
Thirty.

Tliiit a Detachment of a Cants, in, Three Subalterns, four
Sergeants, four Corporals & a Ilundred Privates of tlie Pro-
vincials be ordered and March tc Morrow Morning, and en-
camp at Pleasant point on tlie ppo ;
the Engineers attending ; in orde
Nine pounders agreeable to the
Instant.

That an Armed Vessel and a Party be stationed in the most
commodious place in the South East passage, for preveuting
any Boats, Shallops, or other
coming in by that channell without a passport

That the Frencli Neutrals who (vre at work for the
tants in Kings County and County
Ilalifax as soon as possible.

That as there is occasion for all

the Forces that can be got
upon the present Emergency, si ch Men as have fled from
Newfoundland may be enlisted to serve as Provincial Troops
for a Time to be agreed on, and thiit they have pay from this
Government and Provisions from the Kings Store as they are
at present in great want and distns.'ss.

That if His Excellency Generl[ Amherst should hereafter
disaprove of issuing provisions
these people or to any Troops
whether Militia or others doing
Governor take ])roper measures

shall be so i.ssued or the Value thereof replaced

Battery be compleated to

that shall be directed b)-

to erect a Battery of Ten

Kesolution of the 10th

essols from going out or

Inhabi-
of Annapolis bo ordered to

from the Kings Stores to

that may bo entertained,

Duty, then that the Lieut.

tlo have such Provisions as

to make a Draught of One
Kings County, and March

That Colonel Denson be desired
Hundred Men of the Militia of

them to Halifax in the manner he pliall judge the most proper
and Expeditious, and that this Detachment do serve as Guard
for escorting the french Neutrals Ihat are employed in Kings
County to this place

Jonathan Belcher,

COLVILL,

J. H. Ba8Tide,
Wm. Foksteu,
Fredk. Hamilton,
Job. Winslow.

' *

I r ' I'll. irt<riiiiiajrtijfli)iiiTaJi

HALIFAX,

705

Present —
The Honble. Jonathan Belcher V^r,,. t- i

of Nova Scotia ' ^^ ' ^^'°^tenant Governor

The Right fronhlo. Lord Colvill aa r , •

li'^ ^aJ-^ty;^Shi;s^';l Nirt^A^nTrS"'''.^- " '^"'^^ °^
Ma,or (ienoral Bastide '
Colonel F(n\ster, '

Lt. Colonel Hamilton,
Lt. Colonel Winslow.

liim, about half a Mile above to M ^ '"»^ ^^'"P ""'^h

;-ch, nearly in the jtidt^nn u£ lirthS^ th' ''"''^'''
the best for Essential Service untilfi„ "'"'>\t'"s position
Constructed with whici Her (1 ' ,n V ^' ^^""•^'"''^^

alsoacquaintedtheloard ilt^ff '"^7 Co-operate ; and ho
pointed' out the Sh p m,v be MovT'' '^'^^;'.l'' ^ ■'^■'t-ation is
- Making a Boom of'?iSrtnd C^ cE't'-^-,'^'''1 '-
and twenty fathom long to Run ac ossut A^rth w' '"t""'''''*
Ihat he iias prepared a Sett of ii.Vnoi f • ■ '^'^^ iirm—
the Enemies approach!,ndth^t^^^u^'' ^'/'"S ^^'«fco of
Master of the S oorApio „ted t 1 ''-^^ ?*\P'"''*''-^ ^o'' *'»«
eage; all which he ^S S o t ol-' »°."''' ^^'^^t Pas-
Which report and papers Imvn. ^P'"'"" "^ the Council,
sidered we4 unanimo'uK A^' S oT ^'''' ""''' ^"^ -""

imraediatcly taken into the S.!rv? a *'"' °^'' ^'' ^"""d, be
Arme<l. ^ ° "'^ ^''''""' '^n'i P'-^Perly manned Lnd

Jonathan Belcheb, t tt t>

COLVILL, ' w ,. '"'™^'

' Wm. Pobster,

Fredk. Hamilton,
^ Job Winslow.

706

NOVA SCOIIA DOCUMENTa.

At a Council of War held at the Governor's House in
Halifax on Friday the 23d Jijly, 1762. (In continuation.)

Present —
The Honble. Jonathan Belchgr, Lieut. Governor of Nova Scotia,
The Right Honblo. Lord Oolvill as Comr. jn Chief of His
Majesty's Ships in North America,
Colo. Riclin. Bulkeley,
Major Gcrll. Bastido,
Colo. Wm.! Forster,
Lt. Colo. I[amilton,

Major Pat,

Sutherland,

Major General Bastide gave in the following Report in
writing, vizt. :

Halifax, 23d July, 1762.

"Major General Bastide acquaints the Council that in pur-
suance of their resolution of the 10th instant for erecting a
Battery or Batteries at point pleasant. Two have been made
and the Guns mounted on tluim, vizt., Ten Nino pounders on
the Barbette Battery, to deftnd, with the armed Sloop within
the boom, the entrance of thb North- West Arm ; and Plight 24

Eounders on the brea.st work Battery towards tiie entrance
etween this point and that bf Cornwallis's Island; and that
the Barbette Battery of three 24 pounders at the Soutli End
of this Town has been enlarged and four 24 pounders added."
" He further acquaints thii Board, that a detachment of Two
Hundred men of the Provmcfal Regiment, went over two
days ago, to begin clearing tlie Brush and underwood at the

Eoint of Cornwallis's Island, whereon a post and Battery has
een proposed (if our numb(!r3 will admit of a sullioient de-
tachment to occupy it) and ;hat he hopes to be able to spare
about a hundred and fifty men more from point pleasant
tomorrow for Cornwallis's island to hasten the Clearing of
that Ground, which is greatly encumbered with Roots and
Loggs of decayed Trees as well as underwood ; as soon as
that is done it will be carefully measured and a Report made
to this Board in what manner such a Post and Battery must
necessarily be constructed and what number of men will be
wanted to man the Battery, uid defend it at the same time."
Jon/ THAN Belceee, J. H. Bastide,

COLVILL, Wm. FoRSTEK,

RiCHD. BULKELE'r, J. HOAH,

Fredk. Hamilton,
Pat. Sutherland.

PAPERS

KELATINO TO THE FIRST KTABLISHMENT OP A

REPRESENTATIVE ASSEMBLY L\ WYA SCOTIA.

1756-1761.

NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

Extract from a letter of Governor Lawrence to the Lords of
Trade d Plantations.

Jany. 12tli, 1755.

I acquainted your Lordships in a former Letter that Mr.
Pownall had, as from your Lordships expressed to the Chief
Justice some doubts about tiio Legislative authority of the
Council, I now transmit your Lordships his opinion thereon
it is a case I am by no moans a competent judge of but that
power has hitherto passed unquestioned in this Colony, and I
I doubt not but your Lordships are well satisfied by both the
Governors that have gone liomo, how impossible it is in our
present circumstances, to call an assembly, and what number-
less inconveniences would attend the collecting a set of people,
such as are to be found in this Province, in that shape, until
we are better prepared for it, or it is in their power to grant
money towards defraying the public expence.

Extract from a Letter of the Lords of Trade and Plantations
to Governor Lawrence, dated

Whitehall, May 7th, 1755.

Immediately upon the receipt of your Letter, Wo took into
Consideration the observations made by the Chief Justice
upon the power of the Governor <fe Council of Nova Scotia,
to pass Laws without an assembly, and as it appeared to us to
be a matter of very great consequence, We transmitted those
observations together with such parts of His Majesty's Com-
mission and Instructions as related to the passing of Laws to
His Majesty's Attorney <fe Sollicitor Genl. for their opinion
upon this point and having received their Report, we herewith
inclose to you a copy of it for your Guidance and Direction,
and though the calling an Assembly may in the present cir-
cumstances of the Colony bo difficult and attended with some

710

NOVA SCOHA DOCUMENTS.

enact Laws we cannol s "e how tfoT"' '"^° "° P"^^"^^ *«
Perly caiTied on wit! ouf « i^^ ^°^'"'"'"''"* ^'-i" "^c pro-
therefore you will i "" liateK T ^,f «™% ! We desire
Chief Jnstice in whTt mn 5 . ?'' '?"' '"'^ Majesty's
properly convened of TytZ nnZe'T^'y f » ''O ™ost
consist, how those memt,rrs shJ. h, . °[ ""'"'^er. it shall
and methods of Procee. in^ ftl ? ^''''**^'^' *'"^ ^^'"^t Rules
fortln^m, tra„3,„itUng 'S.'JS ^° r^TfV" P'^'^-^be
and Report thereupon, in as f Jan 1 Tf^-. ^'""" ^l»°'°n
possible, to the end We mav Lv H ■ ^''T/ "" '"'■^""'''- ^^
Majesty for His Majesty sfuwlLri^ *''!? '"''"°'- ^^eforo His

As the VahVity howefer of l' r ''■''^'°"' ^''^'''^'n-
nor and Councd^r theluthori t 0^^°"'^*'''^ ^^ *''° G°^«r-
do not appear to have K Serf °'!- ^""/'^ ""'J"'' t^iem
greatest consequence tolthe P 1"f V°"«^' I' ''^ of the

vince that the opTnLn IhI Ar'','"^^^'''^''-° "^ ^I'e Pro-

-orrf« (7ow,nM«to„e;.«yo^ Trade and

lips,—

■Plantations:
May it Please Your Lords

Mr.H:;nri^i£t&'^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^-^^ by

That a doubt having aH^P 1 1 !i °\M'irch last setting forth
of His Majesty's K7n 3 I 'n'Vs' ^K 'r""-- ""^ ^°"-"
enacting Laws within the Jd IW °*'^ t'''''^ '' ^'°'^«r of
Esqr. having transm ted tt y\! '"^'"''f "."J Jonathan Relcher
thereupon nielosing to uh C^n. "'?fi"P' ^\' "^^^^rvations
together with Cop^ys of Jever I^^, *''*'-'''? Observations
and Instructions T the saTpn"' '^*^'^ Commission
referred to (all which are h.l. h "1°' °* *''^* Province
ouropinion.Uether hSsriWrlf ''^"'■"f'J) ^"'^ ''^''i^ng
have not a Power to enact I w? 7^!;!!°'" '"!' ^°""«'J '"^^o or
and good GovernmenrSf ft. '^^^ *^" P"^''<^ P'^a'^e, Welfare
andthelnhabitantrthereof '"'^ Province and the People

"ConsLt^J^onardtV^mfcr"""^^"'',^'--^ -^0 «-
are numbly ot^^pmion that the Governor

,^,-,

HOUSE OP ASSEMBLY.

711

and Council alone are not authorized by His Majesty to make
Laws till there can be an Assembly.

His Majesty has ordered the Government of the Infant
Colony to be pursuant to his Commission and Instructions
and sucli further Directions as Uo should give under his Sign
Manual or by Order in Council.

All wliich is humbly submitted to Your Lordships Con-
sideration.

(Signed)

April 29th, 1755.

WM. MURRAY.
RICHD. LLOYD.

Chvernor Laivrence to Lords of Troth ik Plantations.

Halifax, 8th December, 1755.
My Lords, —

I have the honor by this opportunity to transmit to your
Lordships the opinion of the Chief Justice upon the manner of
convening an Assembly in this Province. Tlio' this is a
matter, that in many of its parts, I stfii by no means qualified
to judge of, yet I think it my duty to lay before your Lord-
ships such retlections as have occurred to me upon Tio
important a subject.

The general necessity of convening an assembly upon
account of the present invalidit}' of the laws, being altogether
a point of law, I can say no more upon that head than that the
Laws are chiefly such, as it appeared indispensably necessary
to make, for the good regulation of the Town of Halifax and
the encouragement of its commerce, they were mostly made
at the request of the Merchants, or the people whom they
concerned, who have been perfectly satisfied therewith and
have never made the least question of their validity' that
ever I hoard, I have been well informed that at the first
establishment of the Colony of Virginia, Laws were enacted in
the same manner and continued in force until an Assembly
could be easily convenea for their confirmation.

The enclosed opinion seems to bo founded upon the neces-
sity of performing a promise made to the first Settlers of t-Jieir
having an Assembly. I believe from the first settlement of
the Provinpo to the present time the Governor has been
required by the 86th Instruction to call an Assembly, by
causing two Members to be elected for each Township, but
as the Town of Halifax is the only place qualified to elect

712

NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

ii^= ^sl^;-:^£ri; -:-S;,^d

Tn. t;^.:f ^' *° "'" "'*""'^'' propose.! l.y tlio Chief

be,„g .s much mure connected with the sec'.Wtv' of he Pro

who e force of tl,e French ,n North America ' *'"'

to consider things of tiiis nUirc. ^ ''^

tl.f JL" *''""*^''* necessary to put this Plan or any other to
1 maj nase lull instructions npon the subject, which I will

^^;r^:ft^;s?'C"r:-n^rf^^

venture to assure your L.'dsl„ps tha hoT^^^^

general are not in a condition of contributino ai y sum of

money to defray such an ex aense. ^ ^ °*

1 lie Lords Commrs. PITA a T\wnr>xTOT^

for Trade & Plantations, ^^^ ^^^^^^I^NCE.

HOUSE OP ASSEMBLY.

713

Extract from Letter of Lords of Trade to Govr. Lawrence.

Whitehall, March 25th, 1756.
datTd thr8tlfof"n"'° ^r ^°"«i^l«'-'-tion your Letter to us
me ^.met Justice for convening an Assembly in Nova Scotia,

cuhi; u^ ^1 II "'■' '^!'">-««"?'bIe of the numberless Diffi-
culties which will arise in carrying this or any other plan for
an Assembly into Execution in the present state of he pro
v.nce and that many of the Inconveniences pointed out in
yom- Letter must necessarily att.3nd it, vet We cannot Im t be
of Opnnon, that the want of a ploper ^I'.thority in tbe Gover-
nor and Council to enact «uch Laws as must bo alwolute'v
necessary in the Administration of Civil Government an

aUho'Hi'T" T' ^V^ ^"■" S'^'-'^'^'- *•'■''" '^'l these; an3
altho His Majesty's subjects may have hitherto acquiesced in
and submitted to the Onlinanco/ of the Governor'aiS^ Coun
cil, jet we can by no means think, that that or anv other
reason can justify the continuance of the Exercise of an
diegal authority; what you say with regard to the Cmu^il of
Virginia's passing laws in the first Infimcy of that Colony t
very true ; but then they derived the Powe\- of doing it f„m
their Commission, which was also the castr of manv- otherTf
theCooniesattheirlirst settlement, tho' it was a'Po e. of
^yfort Duration, and in later times since the Constitu ion
of this Counry has been restored to its true principles las
never been thought advisable to be executed '

\Vhother the measure proposed by the Chief Justice is or

art V !!fT"t""';-'r'''''^ "'T- \'"'^"^^''^° knowledge of a

fVril. ";''"''' '''° '** t'"^" distance cannot be com-

pe ent Judges o ; but whether that or any other plan is fd-

ireco i r'l Tf "'" '": t'""P?'-'"-.V' I'l*'" -nd in no degree a
precedent lor future Assemblys when the circumstances of
the I rovmco will admit of other Regulations.

llie hrst Assembly Convened be it in what form it will
must necessarily consist of Persons of Pr<,pertv in Trade

laiv to .li \rl '^' '"''-v. I"-- proper and it will be neces-

saiy to take care, that a certain landed property, be it ever
80 .ual, be the Qualification as well of^he^.:l;Icto.VasThe

si alM e'i '"'f It <=^°'n"'.'^^""' directs that the Assembly
shal be^chosen by the majority of the Freeholders. ^

Ihe Election of twelve Persons or of any greater or lesser
number to represent the whole Province 'ej^.sidered asone
County, may be a proper method as far as appears to us, but
this must be eft to y.mr Discretion, who, bv being upon the
spot will be better able to determine upo'n this poi^^it, perhaps
a D vision of the Province nto Districts or Townships m[y
be the more eligible method, for altho' Halifax is at present

NOVi SCOTU DOCUMENTS.

the only Town in whicli there are any Inhabitants qualified to
be Electors or Elected, Jy^et as it is not proposed that actual
Residence should be re(inired in order to qualify a Person to
act in either one or othpr of the Capacitys, the making a few
Grants of Land in any jof the Districts, as Minas, Cliignecto,
Pjziquid, Cobequid &c. kvill remove this difficulty, and if this
can be done, the first kssembly will bear the nearer Resem-
blance to the form, in \yhich it must be convened when the
Province becomes bettok- peopled and settled.

This however We oiJly throw out for your Consideration
and desire it may be understood, that this point is left to your
discretion under the PoWers given you by your Commission.
This being settled. The next Consideration will be the form
of the Writ of SuinraonL the manner of executing it and the
previous points to be sktled before the Assembly proceeds
upon Business, so iur als regards the Election of a .S()eaker
and the Rules to be observed with respect to Dissolutions,
Prorogations and Adjouji-nraents : as to all which Points, We
must refer you to the inclosed Copy of the form of a Writ
made use of in the Pn vince of New Ifainpshire, which ap-
pears to us (regard beinig had to the different circumstances
of the two Provinces) the best adapted to the purpose, and to
the enclosed Copies of the Instructions lately given to the
Governor of Georgia arjd to the members of "the Council of
that Province, showing the manner in whicli these Instruc-
tions were carried into <ixecution.

There is one part of ;he Chief Justices projwsal however
which we can by no mdans approve of, and which must be
particularly guarded agiiinst, and that is the continuance of
the first Assembly for 3 years which might bo and probably
would be attended with great inconveniences, for, altho' Wo
have no doubt but that the first Assembly will be constituted
of proper Persons and PJersons well disposed to j)romote the
Public Service, yet it m.-jy happen either from some Defect in
the first formation of the Assembly or from their irregular
and improper Proceedii gs, that the Governor may find it
necessary for the good o ' the service to dissolve them and as
It would be highly iinprcjiper that his hands should, in such
case be tied up. We thought it necesssary to say thus much
upon this Point, as it appears to us of great consequence.

Another inconvenienc(| necessary to be guarded against is
long Sessions, which will not only be attended with Kxpence,
but will also, in the prasent situation of affairs greatly ob-
struct and hinder you ii the necessary attention which you

■

715

H0D8E OF ASSEMBLY.

These are all the Points which occur to us at present ,,n«n
h,s importunt question, and it only remains for' "lo desTre

lessio'a"of"tle f ' "n 'f'''' «PP"'-t"nity after tl.e S
session o< the Assembly to acquaint us in the fullest and

1 tterof tht^eff^'^''."' '"' *'"? ^^''P^ •^'-' have taken i l^
^rd to thn PnH V"^- ''^''■''t'"" of this measure with re-

I' :e':»p':;e^^;;rir:t:s;™l:rr-,rL•r

Extract from Letter of Lords of Trade to Governor Lawrence.

Whitehall, July ye 8th, 1756.
Jin vorour" Sp^r"''^ ^"*. "^^'"^ *''^ 25th of March last,

hope*; ;: Zuu^t'"''' ri' '^-''^^ ^^^^^. wi

carried nLT J ^''."'•°%'l'ly considered this matter and
bu hat al CmT^ ''% ^--'^-iion. We have no doubt
Rigl ts a,S I i ..?!'•' f^;? ^fr'^' '" ^"^^^^'-^ -^^oti* e"Joy their

fiettiniv f rt fi f P"^sent form of Government, a Petition

,? i "

716

NOTA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

Extract from a letter q/" Gov. Lawrence to the Lords of Trade
ana' Plantations.

Halifax,
j 3rd November, 1756.

In my letter to yonr Lordsliips of the 14th of October l.tst,
which was forwanli'd by ivay of Boston, I had tlie honor to
acquaint you of my intentions to wait on my Lord Londoun
at New York, and that upon my return, the businecs of a
house of representatives recommended by your Loi'dships,
which from the absence ol tiio Chief Justice upon the Conti-
nent for some time past, could not be sooner atteiided to,
should be set about with ill convenient diligence. _J8ut since
the receipt of yonr Lordsliips last letter, and of one from tho
Secretary ot State, I have laid asitle my design of visiting
Diy Lord Loudoun at least for the ])resent, and as the Chief
Justice is now ai'rived, I diall as soon as the business of the
Supreme Court, in which he is now deeply engaged is over,
proceed to the consideration of what j'our Lordsliips have
proposed in tliat respect, and in tho mean time I take tho
liberty to enclose tolyoui Lordships some remarks upon the
Expediency of this-n^asu -e, [jointing out tho dift'crent objec-
tions <fe the difficulties we at present labour under in order to
pave tiie way for carryii g it into execution & which your
Lordships look upon as so essentially necessary to the perma-
nent and lasting establislnnent of this Infant Colony, which
remarks when your Lordships shall have maturely considered,
I flatter myself you will iigree with me in opinion that in our
present critical situation it will be no easy matter to obviate
the many difficulties which naturally arise in the making such
alterations in the present form of Government as your Lord-
ships have now proposed. I can with great truth assure your
Lordships that I know not of one instance wherein hia
Majestys subjects in Novi. Scotia have been in the least mo-
lested in the enjoyment of their rights and liberties to the
full extent, under the present form of Government and that
since I have had the honrr to be entrusted with the 'manage-
ment of the Province afliirs, I have done my utmost endea-
vours to give satisfaction to every person in it. But my Lords
it is impossible for me to redress pretended grievances that I
have never been informed of nor can I indeed conjecture what
reasons could b^ given t0 j'our Lordshi])s by those Petitioners
to induce you to tliink tl(ey labor under such great inconve-
uieuces from tho want bf an Assembly. This muck I oer»

•*:.•

HOUSE OP ASSEMELT.

717

tainly know, that those very persons who wore so forward Tn
pushing this matter during Mr. Cornwallis's Government seem
now to bo entirely of opinion that a House of Representatives
in the present posture of affairs, instead of obviating the incon-
veniences complained of would servo only to create heats, ani-
mositie.s and disunions amongst the people at a time when the
enemy is as I may say at our doors, and when the whole should
^in together as one man for their mutual safety and defence.
That there are malevolent and ill designing men who will take
occasion to misrepresent things to the pn^'iidice of the Colony
and that there are some such in this place I have some reason
to conclude. These my Lords will bo always the same under
any Government, not from any particular regard for their
Country, or to tho advantage and prosperity of the Colony
but from views and motives of a very different and perhaps
not so disinterested a nature. But tliat the well disposed part
ot His Majesty's subjects here should be in the least uneasy
under the present form of Government, I have not tho least
reason to surmise, because tliey have never signilied any
thing of it to me ; and I dare say, if any of them have joined in
the Petition your Lord.ships make mention of, they have been
led into it through inadvertency and the specious pretences
of the persons 1 havo been just describing. But whatever
might be their inducement at that time I have the most just
grounds to be satisfied that they are now of a quite different
way of thinking.

At a Council hold^n at the Qovernors House in Halifax on
Friday the 3d Deer. 1756, -^

PidsENT—

His Excellency the Governor,
The Lieutenant Governor,
Benj. Green, '

Jno. Collier,
Robt. Grant,
Chas. Morris.

Councs.

Jonathan Belcher Esqr. took the Oaths as a Member of His
Majesty's Council of this Province, and his Seat at the Board.

His Excellency then communicated to tho Council some
Proposals which Mr. Chief Justice Belcher had laid before
Lira the last Year for Calling a House of Representatives,
and which ho had at that time transmitted to their Lordships

718

con.

HOVA SCQTIA DOCCKEjrre.

of the Board of Tmde for their consideration. Hia Excelfencr
also communicated Extradts from two letters which he hS
received from their Lordnhlips on that head, wherein hey had
directed Inm to take snch taeasures as he should think most
proper for calhng such a House, wherefore ho desTred the

The rZn l^;r '"'" ^''h r°^ «"d advice the eon
The Council then proce^.led to consider what measHrea
_would be most proper to bej taken for convening the A™b v
but not coming to any reso ntion thereon, the^^adjoMrneT the'

Jno. Dopobt, Sec. Cone

CHAS. LAWRENCE.

At a CouDcil holden at th^ Governors. House in Halifax on
Monday the 3rd Jany. IT.'ST. a."iwx on

PlIESENT —

Tlie Lieutenant Governor.

I BcDJ. Green,

( Robt. Grant.

■^ Jonn. Belcher,
Jno. Collier, J- C|onncs.
Chas. Morris,

His Excel ency the Govefnor together with His Mafestvs
Council having had under mkture consideration the uecSZv
and most expedient measuJcs for carrying into ExecSn
«rose parts o His Majostjs CommissL^n llnstruc £
winch relate to the calling General Assemblies w thin Z
Province, came to the follow ng Resolutions thereon viz .

Ihat a House of Representatives of the inhabitants of thi.
Province, be the CJvil Legislature thereof^ in Conjunction
with His Majesty s Governor or Commander in Clrief' f or the
T me being and His Majesty s Council of said Province, he
first House to be Elected an< Convened in the following man.
ner, and to be stiled the Genlral Assembly, vizt. ^

That there shall be Elected for the Province at large nntil

the same shall be divided into Counties 12 memSs

For the Township of Halifax ' . .\ 4 members,

For the Township of Lune^ibnrg . . . : " o "

For the Township of Dartrtiouth . . .*. j u

For the Township of Lawrence Town ■ 1 ..

For the Township of Annapolis Royal "f «

Hot the Township of Cumberland

:v\

HOtJSE OP ASSEMBLY.

719

That until the said Townships can be more particularly
described the limits thereof shall ho deemed to be as follows
vizt. '

That the Township of Halifax comprehend all the Lands
^ing Southerly of a lino extending from the Westermost
Hpd of Bedford Bason across to the Northeasterly Head of
Sf. Margarets Bay with all the Lslands nearest to said Lands
together with the Islands called Cornwallis's, Webbs and
Rouss Islands.

Tiiat the Townshijj of Lunenburg comprehend all the lands
lying between Lahave River and the Easterraost Head of
Mahoiio Bay, with all the Islands within said Bay and all the
Islands within Mirliguash Bay and those islands lying to the
Southward of the above Limits.

That the Township of Dartmouth comprehend all the Lands
b^ing ojv-tho East side of the Harbour ot Halifax and Bedford
Bason, aftd extending and bounded Easterly by the Grant to
the Proprietors of Lawrence Town & extending from the
Northeasterly Head of Bedford Bason into the Country, until
one hundred Thousand Acres bo comprehended.

That the Township of Lawrence Town be bounded on the
Ocean according to the limits of the Grant to the I'roprietors,
and thence under the same Lines to Extend into the X^ouiitry
till One linndrod Thousand Acres be comprehended. T
■ That the Township of Annapolis Royal be bounded N'ortherlv
by the Bay of Fundy and comprehend all the Lands from the
Entrance of the Bason, to extend up the River as far as the
late frencii Inhabitants have possessed, and all the lands on
the South side of the Bason and River of Annapolis under
the same Limits East and West, and to extend Southerly till
One hundred Thousand Acres be coinprehunded.

That the Township of Cumberland in the District of Chig-
neeto, comprehend all the Lands lying between the Bison
formerly called Beaubassin, now called Cumberland Bason,
and the Bay Verte, and all those lands lying within Seven
Miles of the Southwestward and Northwestward of the Road
leading from' said Bason to said Bay.

Tlui^when Twenty five Qualified Electors shall be settled
at Pisiquid, Minas, Cobequid, or any other Townships which
may hereafter be erected, each of the said Townships so
settled, shall for their encouragement be entitled to send one
Representative of the General Assembly, and shall likewise
have a Right of voting in the Election of Representatives for
the Province at large.

720

NX)VA SCOTIA D0CUME5T8.

the Speaker, before they enter ujK)n

TJiat the House shall always consist of at least Sixteen
members present, besides
Business.

That no person shall be chosen 'as a member of tlic said
House, or shall have a Ritht of Votinp; in the Election of any
Member of the said EloUse, who shall be a Popish Recusant,
or shall be, under the Agej of Twenty One years, or who shall
pot at the time of such Election, be possessed in his own
Right of a Freehold E^tlite Avithin the District for which ho
shall be f]locted, or.shitll io Vote, nor shall any Elector have
more than One Vote for each Member to be chosen for the
Province at Inrge, or for fiiy Township ; and that each Free-
holder present at such E ection, and giving his Vote for one
member for tlie Province at large shall be obliged to Vote
also for the other Eleven. -

■ That respecting Freeholds which may have been con-
veyed by the Sheriff, by virtue of an Execution, the Right of
Voting shall remain and .te in the Persons from whom the
same were taken in E.xectition, until the time of Redemption
be elapsed.

That no Non-Commissianed Officer or Private Soldier in
actual Service shall have a Right of Voting, by virtue of any
Dwelling built upon Sufferance, nor any Possession of Free-
hold, uidess the same be legistered to hirn. '

That all the Electors shdl, if so required at the time of the
Election take the' usual State Oaths appointed by Law, and
declare and subscribe the Test.

That any V^ter shall' ^t the request of any Candidate bo
obliged to take the followi iig Oath, which Oath together with
the State Oaths, the Returning Officer is hereby empowered
to administer.

" I, A. B. do gwear that I am a Freeholder in the Town-
" ship of in the Province of Nova Scotia, and

" have Freehold Lands oi' Hereditaments lying or being at
•' within the said 'J'ownship, and that such Free-

" hold Estate hath not hem made or granted to me fraudu-
" lently on purpose to quiilifv me to give my vote, and that X
" have hot received or had by myself, or any person whatso-
"ever in Trust for mo, n for my use and benefit, directly
" or indirectly, any sum |or sums of money, ofKce, place or
" employment, gift or reward, or any promise or security for
'' any money, office, em[iloyment or gift, in order to give
•' my vote at this Electioi, and that I have not before been
"Polled at this Electionl and that tLe\Place of my abode
-" is at ." '

BODSE OP ASSEMBLY.

721

That a precept be issued by His Excellency the Governor
to the Provost Marshal or Sheriff of the Province requirine
Inm by himself or his Dcputys to summon the Freeholders ol
the Province to meet within their respective Districts at
Bome convenient place and time, to be by the said Provost
Marshal or one o his Deputies appointed, and of which he or
they shal give Twenty days Notice then and there to elect
(agreeable to the Regulations hereby prescribed) such a num-
ber of Representatives, as shall in the said precept be ex-
pressed, agreeable to the preceding detail. "^ "^ ^ _

That on account of the present rigorous season, th^precept
tor Convening the first Assembly be made returnable in Sixtv
days from the date thereof, at which time the Assembly shall
meet at such place as His Excellency the Governor shall
appoint in the Precept, ^ Governor shall

. That the Provost Marshal or his Deputy shall bo the return-
ing officer of the Elections, to be held by him with the Assis-
tance of three of the Freeholders present, to be appointed and
eworn by he returning officer for that purpose, and in case a
scrutiny shall be demanded, the same shall be made by them
&m case of further contest the same to be determined by the
HoHse. The Poll for eac'h Township to be closed at the expi^
ration of Forty-eight hours from the time of its being opened •
and for the Province at large the Poll, after four days from the
time of Its being opened for the Election, shall be sealed up
by the returning ofhcer for each Township, and transmitted to
the 1 rovost Marshal by the first opportunity, that seasonable
notice may be given to the persons who shall" upon examination
appear to h^ve been chosen by the greatest number of the said
votes. 1 rovided nevertheless that if the votes in the Town-
ships of Annapolis Royal and Cumberland for the first mem-
bers for the province at large, shall not be returned Eight days
before the expiration of the time liraitted for returning the Pre-
cept, the Provost Marshal shall, in such case, proceed to declare

hands*'"'' ^^""■'""^ '''^'''*''' ^'"^ *^® ''^^^'^ ^°**^ ''* ^i«

o 3i''?- ^^^^r'"^*,^'*'"^''*' o"" his Deputy, shall appoint for
each Land,date, such one Person as shall be nominated to him
by each candidate, to be Inspectors of the returning officer
and his Assistants. ° ""i^ci

That no Person shall be deemed duly Elected who shaU not
have the vote of a majority of the Electors present.

Ihat the names of all persons voted for together with
Awaes of the Voters, shall at the time of Voting be pub-

722

NOr^A SCOTIA iD0CPHENT3.

lickly declared and sntered on a Book kept for tliat pnr-
pose

That in case of tlic
the Province, for the
lawful for the Gove
in-Chief (if he shall j
for the choice of othe

That the Returning
Intion to bo publicly
tiie Elections, and to
thereto.

Absence of any of the Members from

terra of Two months, it shall and may be

, Lieutenant Governor, or Commander-

dge it necessary) to issue his Precept

« iJn their stead.

Officer shall cause the foregoing Reso-

at the opening of each meeting for

goveru the said Meetings agreeable

rnor

rfead

Jso. DuPOBT, Sec

Cone

CHAS. LAWRENCE.

Extract from Letter df Lords cf Trade to Oovr. Lawrence.

Whitehali>, March 10th, 1757.
We entirely agree in opinion with yon that in the present
Situation of things anj vexed and liarrassed as the Province
is by the Hostilities ofj the French and Lidians it will be in
Tain to attempt to induce hardy and industrious people to-
leave Possessions, which perhaps they may enjov in peace in
other Colonies, to come; and settle in a Cfonntry wJiero they
must be exposed to every distress and Calamity wliioh the
most inveterate Enemy.- living in the Country and knowing
every Pass and Corner of it can subject them to, and there-
fore we do not desire, nor mean to press this measure upon
you further than the Circumstances of the Province & of the
times will admit of ] t does not however appear to us that
the same reasons do altogether, tho' they may in part, operate
against the calling an |.4.ssembly, concerning which We have
given our Opinion so filly and We hope so explicitly in a for-
mer Letter, that no other difficulties can remain than those
obstruction and Embarrassment which

. ./ o'r'^ to Mis Majesty's Service in time of

War and which is a consideration that will however more or
less weigh according t^ the manner in which the measure is
carried into Execution j for whicli reason We thought it proper
after pointing out to ydu as clearly as We were able, the gene-
ral light in which this Matter appeared to Us, to leave it to
your Discretion to do i , in such manner as you should think
most proper, lest by prescribing any peculiar method We

HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY.

723

Halifax, 9tl, November 1757.
. ^" "'» ™ll'"g »« Assembly i, ilonbUo., » „„,„, ,
(inponanco to the .velf.re * prosner it of it/ P ° ^""S

JhrrottM'biftVr'V^""' »"» «=^^^^

of tho time, and of tl,?T> " ° W^^Qni circumstances

well peopling ad ,eli,™t7"'°' '' 'VT^ '" "^'^^'-^^t ^he
Landi withirf r Tha "ti, « '^'^'"'^t^^ f"^ other valuable

truth of such rerforts the be « 't 1 "°''' ^ ""^""''^'^ ^"^^ *»>«
were without rilit SiLlL^n^T^^^^^^^^

:^^»%^m^mim

VOVA

observe to your Lords
whom I have conversed

SCOTIA DOCtntEIfTS.

ships t!iat no person whatever with
and on whose judgment and advice
I could the least rely, ha(ve of late considered the measure of
calling an assembly of tljie people, situated and circumstanced
as they are at present, and in a state of hostilities with so
so dangerous and near a (neighboni-, otherwise than as Chimeri-
cal. I have said above' that the niost substantial of our own
Inhabitants have opposed it, and that they have done so may
appear by their OM'n metboriais begging it might not take place
whilst the Province coniinued in a state of War, knowing of
how little use it could b^, and of what disservice- it possibly
might be, those who hav3 urged it, have done so, to inflame
the minds of the people, who they have much deceived and
misled to deprive me of their confidence and regard, and in
shojKt to embarrass the affairs of Government, without any
other views than those o:' private advantage, and from no other

. motives than those of resentment for disappointments in places
and employments with which it was not in my power to
gratify them. As the upeasiuess that has been given on this
head has proceeded frop scarcely any person tliat has pro-
perty in the Province oil that has even applied to me for the
possession of an Acre of land within it, I shall pass over the
Calumnies that have bteen spread, without troubling your
Lordships further than just to observe, that had we been
infinitely better preparejl for such a measure than we truly
are, my being called by the Earl of Loudoun to Boston last
winter, my being orderjed on the expedition against Louis-
bourg this summer, my going to Chignecto when that expe-
dition was dropped andj the multiplicity of military affairs in
which the safetjy and th^ very being of the Colony have con-
stantly engaged ray attention, have rendered the accomplish-
ment of such a measure jutterly impracticable for these twelve
months past. For these rea-sons I hope yonr Lordships cannot
be displeased that it ha$ not been already carried into execu-
tion, nor even that if it |)e deferred till some happy change in
the face of American jiffairs promises more success in an
undertaking of so muciij moment, nevertheless if it should be
still your Lordships express pleasure that at all hazards and
events an assembly shall absolutely l>e called without waiting
for a favorable alteration in our circumstances, I beg leave to
assure your Lordships ^hat I shall without a moments delay
after receiving your Lordships commands execute the plau
that I formed last wintejr for that purpose, by the advice and

..assistance of His Majesty s Council.

HOUSE OP ASSEMBLY.

725

Extract from Letter of Lords of Trade to Governor Laxcrence.

Whitehall, Feby. 7, 1758.
r-Zi^ have fully considered that part of your Letter, which
relates to the calhng an As-sembly, and also the Plan for that
purpose, contamed in the minutes of the Council transmitted
with It, and having so often and so fullv repeated to you our
sense and opmion of the Propriety & x\ecessity "of this
measure taking place, it only now remains for Us to direct
Its benig earned into immediate execution, that His Majesty's
feufyects (great part of whom are alleged to have quitted the
Province on account of the great discontent prevailinR for
wan of an Assembly) may no longer be deprived of that
privilege which was promised to them by His Majesty, when
IZ ^; "r'^V*^-*^ *'"' ^"'""^ ''^' fi'-'-'t undertakin, and was
then made '^'^'°"' "P°" '''^"'='' ^^'^-V accepted the Proposals

We are sensible that the Execution of this measure may in
the present situation of the Colony be attended with niany

if. . ''*'*1-'' P°'?'^'^ T^ "' '^^ consequences, in some
respects interfere with, and probably embarrass His Majesty's
Service; but without regard to these Considerations, or to
what may be the opinion of individuals with respect to this
measure, We think it of indispensable necessity that it should
be immediately carried into execution

astabliZfT'' •".S^n^'-al that part of your Plan which
establishes Townships and ascertains their Limits as corres-
ponding with the Plan laid down in the Listructions given to
Mr. Cornwalhs at the first Settlement of the Colony ; but We
do not think it advisable, that any of those Townships, which
has not fifty settled families, should be allowed to send Repre
Bentatives to the Assembly; and therefore we would proilose ■

Seftll?l''p" ^'"''"k' ^^°? ""'•^■' '^''"■*''' ^■''^'^ that numhirof
feettled Families, should have that Privilege, & that the rest
of the members, computing the whole at twenty two, should

Countv t ^"/ "'f ^"""^r r*^ "* ''*^S«' considered 'as one
fnv nf ;,^''°''^'"g t" .t''« I an agreed upon, but that whenever ■
anj of those Townships, which are now established, or any

sinUrF" •l"'''^;^ ^'Ttr established, shall contain Pifty
feettled Families, they shall be entitled to a Writ for electing
two Representatives, and the number of the members for thi ■
whole I rovmce at large, considered as one County, shall be
diminished in proportion.
As to the other parts of your Plan, they do not appear to-

726

NOVA SCCnA DOCUMENTS.

US liable to objection, exce pting only tbat part which estab-
lishes the Quorum of the Assembly, and fixes it at Seventeen,
which We apprehend to be tbo great a proportion of the whole ;
and that it ought not at the most to exceed one half of the
whole number, which is niore agreeable to what has been
judged to be proper in casjes of other American Assemblies,
whose great Inconvenienciqs have been found Jto result froin
the Quorum of the Assemb y being too great a proportion of

the whole. , . , ^ n r

With respect to the time which it may be proper to fax tor
the Return of the Writs, [We would wish that you should
inform yourself to what hai been i^d, general Rule inocases of
"the like kind in other Colonies, sis' far as the situation and
circumstances of Nova Scotia will admit of it. Wliat this
Rule has been we are not at present sufficiently apprized ;
but of which you will be able to inform yourself from the
many Persons now in Novaj Scotia, who have come from other
Colonies, and are doubtlea|s well acquainted with what has
been the Custom in this aiie : But whatever this Rule may be,
or however short the Term (and we apprehend the shorter it
is the better, provided it leaves sufficient time for the due
execution of the Writs,) nb great Inconveniencies can arise
from it, because it will be In your Power \yhatever day may
be fixed by the Writs for t lo Assembly's meeting, to postpone
it to some further day by a Proclamation of Prorogue, in case
you shall find that it will interfere with any particular services
which yourself or the Lieut. Governor may be employed in,
and which must necessarily prevent their proceeding upon
Business.

At a Council holden at
Saturday the 20th May

t le Governors House in Halifax on

1768

Bis Excelle
The Li
Jonn. Belcher,
Jno. Collier,
Montague Willmot
****** ll\i
to the Council an Extract
ships of the Board of T
lative to the Plan framed

Present —
ncy the Governor,

eut. Governor,

I I Benj. Green,

i Councs. < Robt. Grant,

I ( Chas. Morris.

^ Excellency having communicated

:)f a Letter to him from their Lord-

■ado dated February 7th 1758, re-

by the Governor <fc Council on the

HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY.

727

3rd day of January 1757, and transmitted to their Lordships
by the Governor, for carrying into Execution His Majesty's
Instructions upon calling General Assemblies within the'^
Province, Signifying their Lord.ships Approbation of the same
in General, with some few alterations, which being Considered
the Council came to the following Resolution thereon, vizt.,
That the said Plan with the .imendments proposed by their
Lordships shall be forthwith carried into Execution and Pub-
lished in Form as follows vizt.

His Excellency tlie Governor, together with His Majesty's
Council having had under mature Consideration, the necessary
and most expedient measures for carrying into execution those
Parts of His Majesty's Commission and Instructions which
relate to the calling of General Assemblies within the Pro-
vince, came to the following Resolutions thereon vizt.,
• That a House of Representatives of the Inhabitants of this
Province be the Civil Legislature thereof in conjunction with
His Majesty's Governor or Commander in Chief for the time
being, and His Majesty's Council of the said Province. The
first House to be elected and convened in the following man-
ner, and to be stiled the General Assembly, vizt..

That there shall be elected for the Province at large until
the same bp divided into Counties Sixteen members, for the
township of Halifax Pour, for the township of Lunenburg
Two.

That until the said Townships can Ikj more particularly
described, the Limits thereof shall be deemed to be as follows
vizt.,

That the Township of Halifax comprehend all the lands
lying Southerly of a Line extending from the Westermost
Head of Bedford Basin across to the Northeasterly Head of
St. Margaret's Bay. with all the Islands nearest to said lauds,
together with the islands called Cornwallis's, Webbs, & Rous's
Islands.

That the Township of Luneiilnirg comprehend all the Landi
between Lahave River and the Eastermost head of Mahone
Bay, with all the islands within said Bay, and all the islands
within Mirliguash Bay, and those islands lying to the South-
wards of the above Limits.

That when Fifty qualified Electors shall be Settled at Pisi-
quid, Minas, Cobequid, or an^- other Townships which may
hereafter be Erected,- each of the said Townships so settled
shall, for their Encouragement, be intitled to send two Repre-
sentatives to the General Assembly, and shall likewise have a

728

KOTA «!OTIA DOC0MENT8,

riglit of voting in the Election of Bepresentatives for tbft
Piovince at large.

That the House sliall alvrays consist of at least Eleven
members present besides (|he Speaker, before they enter upon
Business.

Remaining Clauses the same ak tbo«e contained in the Uinutes of Coancil
of SrdJanuary 1757.

Extract fnmMter tf Qmr. iMwrence to Lords of Trade.

Halifax,

26 September, 1758.

As the day gxed for tie meeting oi the Assembly draws
nigli, 1 liope I may be ab|o to dispatch snch business with
them as may be- necessary for the present, wit)iout too much
loss of time in rejoining thb Army as directed by the General.
The principal point which ^ apprehend will he necessary (aftet-
the Forms requisite to be attended to upon their fii-st coming
together) is that of a sancttion being given to what the Gover-
nors with the Council havej hitherto done here in a legislative
way, and tl>en appointing ^ Committee of both Houses to pre-
pare drafts of such laws a^ may be necessary for the future
good Government of the I^vince, to be passed, upon mine or
the Lieut. Governoi-'s i-eturn to this place.

I hope I shall not find in any ot tliem a disposition to em-
barrass or obstruct his Mjajesty's service or 'to dispute the
Royal prerogative, thouglj I observe that too many of the
Members chosen are such ^s have not been the most remark-
able for promoting unity pr obedience to His Majesty's Go-
vernment here, or, indeed ^hat havetlie most natural attach-
ments to the rrQvince. ■

Extract from a letter ff Qpvr. Lawrm.ce to Lorda of Trade

dated

Halifax, 26 December, 1758.

I have now the horior to acquaint your Lordships, that the
assembly met according to sfppointment on the 2nd of October,
and passed a number of laWs, a list of which are enclosed and I
have reason to hope from their proceedings hitherto, that we
shall get through the whole business in good time, and with
less altercation tlian (from ^he seeming disposition of the fna-

HOUSE OP ASgEJfBLT.

729

pie) I was heretofore apprehensive of Whenever the seftsion
IS closed I shall take particular care that your Lordships have
fair copies of the laws at large, under the Seal of the Pro«
vince as directed by His Majesty's Instructions together with
transcripts of the Journal and Proceedings of the Council and
Assembly during their session.

VOTES OF THE HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY,

Pbovikce of Nova Scotia.

Halifax,

Joseph Gerrish,*
Robert Sanderson,
Henry Newton,
William Foye,
William Nesbitt,
Joseph Rundol,
Jonathan Binney,t
Henry Ferguson,
George Suckling,
John Burbidge,J

a
o

Monday, October 2nd, 1758.

Robert Campbell,
William Pantree,
Joseph Fairbanks,§
Philip Hammond,
John Pillis,
Lambert Folkers,
Philip Knaut,
William Best,
Alexander Kedie,

S
a

• Joseph Gerrish was Naval Storekeeper at Halifax. He was appointed a
Councillor, August 16, 1759, and was suspended from his seat in the Crtuncil in
1762. He died at Halifax, in June, 1774. His brother, Benjamin Gerrish, was
Agent for Indian affairs in 1760. He was also a member of Council; his ap-
pointment as Councillor bears date 27th June, 1768. The Gerrishes were pro-
bably from New England ; the name is frequently met with there.— .WardtxA'*
Hift. N. S.,2 vol. JV. S. Council Books.

t Jonathan Binney was a native of Hull, a small village near Boston. He
was elected a member of the House of Assembly for the town of Halifax, in
July 1761, and was appointed to the Council by Governor Wilmot in Nov. 1764.
In the year 1768, he was made Second Judge at the Island of St. John, (now
Prince Edward Island) and was afterwards sent to Canso as Collector
of Duties «nd Superintendent of that place, and the same year appointed
Collector of Impost and Excise at St. John's Island. He went to Eng-
land in 1776, to rebut charges made against him by Governor Legg, re-
garding his conduct as Collector, which he afterwards completely refuted.
Mr. Binney married Hannah, daughter of Hon. Henry Newton, aiid waa
fatlier of the late Hon. Hibbert N. Binney and Stephen Binney, Esq., of this
city.— A^. S. MS. Vac. : Murdoch'! N. S., vol. 2.

t Col. Burbidge afterwards Settled in King's County.

{Great Uncle of the late Hon. John Fairbanks, the late Hon. Judge Fair-
banks, and W. a. Fairbanks and Saml. F. Fairbanks, Esquires, of Halifax.

730

NOYA SCOnA DOCUMENTS.

Mot at the Court f ous^ pursuant to a summons from the
Provost Marsha acquainting them that they were duly elect-

S,Xl t '> '"T ^f'^""' ^^^""'y Newton, and Joseph
Eundall to wait on the qovernor with a message that the7
were assembled at the Cohrt House and wore ready to enteV
on Business. And they A^ere answered that he wouhl send
down two members of the Council to swear them ; accordingly
Tl^ Honorable Benjamin i Green, and Charles Morris, Esqrs,
came to the Cour House jind administered the Oaths to the
atorenamed and they ail miide and subscribed the Declaration,
w^,nl7, !' I " House recJived a Message that His Excellenc^

£ i; ? f ? *?' "'.' Excell,^ncy, who was then in Council, when
he diiected theni to procec^d to the choice of a Speaker upon
which they went down an^ chose Robert Sanderson, Esqr, for
^oir Speaker, and returneil to acquaint His Excellency there-

tTm^tp H^Pf^lir'*"^ "^ thel choice they made, and was pleased
to make the following speeph—

^_ "Ge'itleinen of the Coui cil and House of Representatives:
^^ Uis Alajesty havmg beei most graciously pleased by His

Royal Instructions to his (governors of this province to direct

the calhng an assembly ^f the Freeholders to act in con-
^^ junction with his Governt,rs and Council as the Legislative

Authority when such a mvasino should be found essential to

Ins service.

' I am to assure you that it is with particular pleasure I now

transmitted to the Lords Commi.ssioners for' Trade' and
_ Plantations to be laid b^ore His Majesty for his appro-

« fL^"'"*'f"'''" °^ ^^? ^°"'P °f Representatives : I entertain

,^ the most sanguine hopes ^hat you are come together unani-

mously disposed to promojte the service of the Crown, or in

other words the real welfare and prosperity of the people

vvK,m you have the Honjr to represent, in every point to

^^ the utmost of your author ty and Capacity. This I presume

you will conceive is justly to be expected not only from the

^^ immediate regard due to l|he Civil Rights and Interests of

^ i.our constituents, but likewise from the unspeakable obliga-

" ^'.Tf r" ^''^ "."''4r to (Remonstrate in their behalf your

autitul sense of His Majesty's paternal concern for tho

HOUSE OP ASSEMBLY,

731

" prosperity and security of these His Subjects in those dis-
" tinguishing marks of His Royal favour and protection which
II we have from time to time so happily cxporieneed in the
" Fleets and Armies sent out for our immediate preservation
" when wo were under tho most imminent danger of being
"swallowed up by a Merciless Enemy also in the ample
"supplies of Money for so many years" annually granted for
"the support \iiul encouragement of this infant Colony, and
"moreover still in the continuance of His Majesty's Ro}'al
'' Bounty for that purpose, when from the seeming inclination
" of the Inhabitants to have an Assembly convened some time
"since, it might have been presumed, and indeed by an
"article of His Majesty's Instructions (which I shall order to
"be laid before you) it has been judged that tho Colony was
" become capable of providing for the necessary support of
" Government here as has been usual in all His Majesty's other
" American Dominions.

" Gentlemen op both Houses, — I

" As my Military occupation requires my attendance as
" early as possible upon tho Commander in Chief of the.
" Forces to the Westward and as the Lieutenant Governor is
" now necessarily employed and will be for some time to como
" upon an entorprize of importance in a distant part of tho
'• province, there is not at present an opportunity of entering
" upon such particulars as might otlierwise call for your atten-
" tion, I am therefore earnestly to Recommend, to your serious
" consideration the expediency or rather necessity cf unan-
" imlty and dispatch in the confirmation of such acts or reso-
"'lutions of a Legislative nature, as the Governors & Council
" under His Majesty's Royal Instructions have found expe-
" dieiit, before the forming of an Assembly and indispensably
" necessary for promoting the welfare and peaceable Govern-
" ment of this people.

" You may depend upon it Gentlemen on my return to the
" Government you will find me perfectly disposed to concur
" with you in enacting such further laws, making such amend-
" ments to the present ones, and establishing such other Regu-
" lations as shall appear upon more mature deliberation to be
•' consistent with the Honour and Dignity of tiie Crown and
" conducive to the lasting Happiness of His Majesty's sub-
" jects where I have the Honour to preside.

"Chas. Lawrence."

_-j --^ ^-^tjfcr-

732

NOVA SCOTIA D0CCMENT8.

The House went dowii and proceeded to the clioide of Offi-
cers, & voted Mr. David Lloyd be clerk of the Assembly.

Voted that William/Rejj'nolds be door-keeper and have Five
shillings a day for his attjendance.

Voted that John Callback be messenger to the House and
have Three shillings a d^y for his attendance.

The question being piit whether any money should be voted
to the members of the Hpuse for their service during the pre-
sent session, unanimously resolved in the negative, and that
they would all serve witliout reward this session.

A motion being made by Mr. Suckling for leave to bring in
a Bill to establish the authority of the House.

Voted, that Mr. Sueklijig bring in the Bill on Wednesday-
morning.

Voted, that a ^commitjtee, vizt. Mr. Nesbit, Mr. Newton,
Mr. Gerrish, Mr. Foye Jind Mr. Burbidge should prepare an
address in answer to His Excellency's Speech by Ten o'clock
to-morrow morning.

Thence adjourned till to-morrow morning ten o'clock.

Tuesday, October 3d, 1758.

The Committee appointed to prepare an address in answer
to His Excellency's Speech reported to the House that they
lich being read was approved of.

j,_ be sent by a Committee to desire

His Excellency will be p|eased to order that all the Resolu-
tions of His Majesty's Governors and Council heretofore made
and passed, may be laid Ijefore the House, and also the collec-
tion of the English Statutjes..

The Clerk of the Council came down with a Message from
His Excellency, that ho was ready to receive any message
from the Assembly.

A Committee, vizt. i|r. Gerrish, Mr. Newton, and Mr.
Suckling were directed t^ carry a message to His Excellency,
that the House is ready to attend him with an Address, To
which His Excellency ana|wered that he was ready to receive
it, which being reported) they accordingly waited upon Hjs
Excellency with their address which was read by Mr. Speaker
as follows : —

HOUSE or ASSEMBLV,

733

To Hia Excellency Charles Lawbexce, Esquire, Captain Gen-
eral, Governor in Chief in aiid over Hia Majesty's province
of Nova Scotia or Acadia in America, Vice Admiral of
the same dtc dtc.

The Humble Address of the House of Representatives met
in Genersil Assembly.

" May it Please Your Excellency,—

" We his Majesty's most Dutiful and Loyal subjects of the
" House of Representatives, having taken into consideration
" Your Excellency's speech delivered upon the opening tho
" first General Assembly, beg leave to return your Excellency
" our thanks for the particular pleasure you express in meet-
" ing us convened as the Representatives of the Freeholders
" of this province to act in conjunction with His Majestys
" Governor & Council as the Legislative authority.

" We assure Your Excellency that we are come together
" unanimously disposed to promote the service of the Crown,
" and the real welfare and prosperity of the people whom we
" represent, in every point to the utmost of our authority and
" capacity, which we conceive may justly be expected from
'• us not only from the immediate regard due to the Civil
" Rights and interests of our Constituents, but likewise from
" the unspeakable obligations we are under to demonstrate in
" their behalf our dutiful sense of His Majesty's paternal con-
" cern for the prosperity and security of His subjects in gene-
" ral ; and for the many distinguishing marks of his Royal
" Favour, protection and Bounty to this Infant Colony in par-
*' ticular, having so happily experienced the same in the
" means directed by His Majesty for our immediate preserva-
" tion when we were under the most eminent Danger of being
" swallowed up by a most merciless enemy, also in the ample
" supplys of money, for many years annually granted for the
"support and' encouragement of this infant colony, and not
" only in the continuance of His Majesty's Royal Bounty for
"that piiiijuse, but also for the Happiness and prosperity
" which we conceive will with the Blessing of the Almighty
" flow from His Majesty's Royal Favour to this Infant Colony
" in directing the calling a General Assembly within the same
" from minds deeply impressed with a sense of the greatest
" Loyalty and Gratitude to the best of Kings, every thnig may
"justly be expected to answer his Majesty's Royal intentions
" in directing the calling of a General Assembly in this pro-

734

NOVi. SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

cone »rn

twird

g -eat

cil

" vince which tlie pic
" and our authority and

" We beg leave to
" that it is a great
"requires your attenda
"Chief to tiio Wes
" necessarily absent in
" fully sensible of the
" of such acts or llesol
" Governors and Coun
" tions have found ex
" The work is great a

. "to digest into due
" intentions in reconime i
" eration, bui in the

. " every thing else that
" your Excellency's ass:
"promote the welfare ai
"jesty's people in this _
" tance of your Excelle
" lency's return to your
" fectly disposed to' con
'• Laws, and establishing
" upon niore mature
" Honour and Dignity
" last happiness of His

petd
n[l

III

me; in

del

3[aj

After which His Exce
would return his answer

Then adjourned till toinor

ijnt low circumstances of the Colohy

I caj)acity are able to provide.

assure your Excellency in particular

;rn to us that your Military occupation

ice so soon upon the Commander in

"rd, as the Lieutenant Governor is

distant part of this province ; we are

jat necessity of a due consideration

ntions of a Legislative nature as the

under His Majesty's Royal Instruc-

ient before the forming an assembly.

will of course tiike up much time

lethod to answer your Excellency's

ding the same to our speedy consid-

n while we shall as well in that as in

may require our consideration (with

istance) disinterestedly endeavour to

•\d peaceable Government of His Ma-

rovince and the future ease and assis-

3cy, and we doubt not on your Excel-

Goveinment, we shall find you per-

;ur with us in enacting such further

such other regulations as shall appear

liberation to be consistent with the

of the Crown and conducive to the

jesty's Subjects of this province.

" RoBT. Sanderson, Speaker."

lency acquainted the House that he
to-morrow morning.

■row morning Ten o'clock.

THE ^ECOND SESSION.

Wednesday, August Lst, 1759.
A Quorum of the House having met agreeable to their pro-
rogation, the Clerk of tlje Council attended with a message
trom His Excellency thiijt He was in the Chair and directed
the attendance of the H6use, who attending accordinglv He

was pleased to direct t
Speaker, which they did

lem to proceed to the choice" of a
and chose William Ntsbitt, Esquire,

and immediately attended His Excellency with their Speaker

BOtrsE OP ASBEMBLr.

785

who being presented was approved of by His Excellency who
was pleased to make the following speech.

" Gentlemen of the Council and House of Representatives:

" Your remarkable zeal and attention to the true interest
" and prosperity of the province in the Business of the last
"long Session, give me the strongest assurances of your com-
" ing together again with dispositions that cannot fail to
" aflbrd the publick and me the highest satisfaction.

" In the course of tliat Session you got through almost
" every thing essentially necessary of a Legislative nature
"and of consequence there can be but little remaining to bo
" done at this season, when }-our private avocations but ill
'• admit of your attendance upon the publick service.

" The most material points that seem to call for your con-
" sideration under the present circumstances of the province
" are a provision for maintaining the Light House erecting on
" Cape Sarabro, and the establishing such Rules and regula-
" tions as maj' be necessary in conducting and managing the
" aft'airs of the Work House.

" And as overseers are appointed for taking care of the
" poor, I conceive in order to render them of aiij- use in their
'•'office, some jirovision should be thought of for enabling them
" to give relief and assistance to such objects of compassion
" as must perish without it ; How far the state of our Finances
" may encourage the consideration of a measure so laudable
" and expedient, it is not easy to form any tolerable conjecture,
" unless it could be ascertained what demands will probably
" be made on the Treasury under the promises of the jiublick
" for exciting Labour and Industry : but I fear there is too
" much reason to apprehend from the inconsiderable amount
"of the sums collected upon the different Duties since October
"last, that if the Bounties upon Industry be demanded in a
" degree that it were to be wished they may, the Funds will
" prove far from more than sufficient for answering the several
" purposes to which they have been appropriated. I cannot
" therefore refrain from recommending to you Gentlemen, in
"the most earnest manner the resumption of a Bill under
" your consideration last Session, making liable to the present
" Duty all Spirituous Liquors retailed in any quantities under
" Fifteen gallons ; such a Bill I am well informed would greatly
" improve our circumstances, be a further check upon Vice
" and Debauchery and (in my opinion) stand unexceptionable-
" in every publick light whatsoever ; if upon the revival of it

?36

»07A BcoTiA mcvuEnrs.

'•'daily i„ wealfirti^ surprisingly imnr'vL ^> '"*??>' «tate.

" "5?£ t^^ ^rS. ■■" - =--S' oTsf

"Record notE' '''"'' ""i'dness and 1 ■ "■ ^«« T^efore

'' tarnish tKSf/°"'''^°'''-«^'«whTch IT"""^ ''^"'^ ^

''If a„yt7^r°7°"^P'i)ceeding8 '^ °"'' ^^''^^ onJy to

;; should pWftftselft''''^'''^^ *^^ ''aPP'-nesa off!,
>7 notice, you mav h ^°"''l"°"«'"'^«'-SwL-^^^^ P'°P^«
"with you n the T/ ""^..^s^red of my relSl ' ^''"'P^d
"^ eviy proposarf'^"'-"? f '*> t'.aTlsEl LP°"'="'-'-«nca
"Promote-^the Subtil "'^ J"'" JHeartily n evirf""" '^"''"r

HOUSE OP ASSEMBLY.

7ST

SECOND ASSEMBLT. )

In BxatiOK.

VOTES OF THE HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY,

Pbotikce of Nova Scqtia.

Halifax, Tuesday, December 4th, 1759.
List of Members returned by the Provost Marshal.

William Nesbitt, Esqr.
Henry Newton,, Esqr.
Malachy Salter, Esqr. *
Mr. Jonathan Binney
ilr. John Burbidge
Mr. Benjamin Gerrish
Joseph Scott, Esqr.
Oapt. Charles Proctor
Mr. Michael Franklin
Mr. Archibald Hinshehvood

Sabastine Zouberbuhlcr, Esqr +
Mr. Philip Knaut,
Colonel Jonathan Hoar
Mr. Isaac Deschamps
Erasmus James Philips, Esqr.
John Newton, Esqr.
Winckworth Tonge, Esqr.
Capt. Simon Slocomb
Col. Joseph Fry
John Huston, Esqr.

TIU Fv.^r °fi''« F«"s« I'e.ng met, a Committee waited on
Hs Excellency the Governor to acquaint him therewith, and
that they were ready to proceed on Business. The Com
njittee having returned, acquainted the Members that hTs
Excellency desired they would attend him at the CouncH
Chamber to be qualified, which being done His ExceHencv

ol a Speaker, the Members then returned chose William

annt i/'f;.' ^-^^ P.'-'^^^"*^'^ him to His Excellenc^ S
approved of their choice. ■'

.r^L^r^^''^,^^^''-^l^^'^'^ "'■' texcellency, that the Members
of the Assembly might have their usual privileges, to which
His Excellency answered that he would allow tie House all
such privileges as His Majesty's Instructions would permit.
Speech ■ Excellency was pleased to make the following

the ^h;fv''!f„'7f t v"'"^" °f ^""^ *^"K'""d. He was exten.iTely engaged in
tL t^' '"■■[* frequently visited Chebucto harbour before the setUement

Ino» f^rfi*"* ''^^ "f H"""' «°d S«l'er streets, formerVTe ^!,7'
deuce of the Ute Hon. WiUiam Law.on, waa buUt by Mr SiUte""

t Afterwards a Member of Council.
47

738

NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS.

" Gentlemen of the Counci^ and House of Representatives,-

"telnnlZlV^'' pleasing opportunity of our first meeting
to congratulate you on thei universal success with which it
SearinT^'^' Almighty to Bless His Majesty's rms by
>Sea and Land, m this year of His most Glorias Reign : Bu^

^onauL'LThatr'l"*'^'^''"^'''-^-^*^'* '" t'^" event^sof the
"o^r thkContSn^ r been made m the Northern Countrvs
" UDon th?vtT ' ^'T'f ""^'■'^ especially rejoice with you

upon the \,ctory of that ever memorable day which (hv

Divme permission) throu4h the wise persevei^nce and
" bv Ihe 1?:;° f'' MfJf n^dmirals and ^Genera'sec^nded
*. ». w^ ., *" 1'^ Intrepidity of their followers iustlv

stn of t?! rt °^ ^'■''"^^ *"^ P»t His Majest7 n p'osses
"SubiectsSt/"'^"""' Metropolis from wllce^ His^ Jod

bubjects of this provmce a^d of the King's other American

'"don^r wr^'"' ^T"'^ "Her such continual and nnpar

" wUl soon b. rfn'l ^'/' ''f *■? ^' '^"''^'''^ ''"* *»>«* this Blow
will soon be rendered so fat^l to the insolence of Canada bv

the unwearied Zeal, Vigilance and Activity of our firS

Deliverer General Ambers^, as will put a final period to

"iSie wavSr^ "" '^'"''^^ ""^'^ too'successfulirtTroJn'

" we lalTo fL P'"^'/'' ''' ^^'^7 P^"-* °f ti-is Province as

"Txe cised wih ,n'"°°'™"' "'^^'r *''^^ ''^^« '"'herto
exercised with impunity ovpr the British American Empire

\° .Rf ^'^^n''""^, '" '^'*'' ^'thout distinction. ^

« 1 T 'J^ ^fntlemen is the imriort*xnt change we have all lone-

4Sars and Prn '''■f^\ Co-'ntrymen by Sea and Land,
Kegulars and 1 rovincials wl o performed the work will have
our latest and sincerest acknowledgement witl^tL pravers

'%1Sv b itTH'''''''r/ r'^ ' '^y ^« "- cdsi'sTl":

"ouSst rri ^ P^'i*"!* f""'' ^"'' ^''i^'' th»nk Heaven

''ZoZ\o%7h:;;yt. ^•'^'^^ «-->g» »- outuvedhis

''nlct^tt't S'h'f '''■'"'"''?"'4 *"** ^'t'' the enlivening pros-
'Eu Settipr -"/^."^ int. educing so many Hundreds of
'pttoK- 1 1 " into the Coony as are now preparing to
; Establish the vacated and otl er Lands, we may form to our
selves the strongest as.sura„ci> that if' we RighUy Iniprove
the opportunity, we cannot f^il to be as much an ob ect of
'Sleir T? '"^"" ""^ ^^"'P^-ion. I persuade myself

'mav cnnfl r T y°''/ ^^'^^ "°*'""g ^^'» »^« wanting that
may contribute towards it, ,n my. own, I can only renew

HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY.

739

"those engagements which I enter'd into with many of you as
" Members of these Houses before.

" In the mean time Gentlemen of the House of Represen-
" tatrves as I see more reason than ever for doing it I must
" here repeat my Recommendation of the Bill for laying a
" Duty on Spirituous Liquors retailed in any quantities under
" fifteen Gallons, it was rejected by the late assembly upon
" considerations I will not here enter into ; but as I flatter
" myself no such motives will influence the Conduct of the
" present assembly, 1 make no doubt of your seeing it in a
" very diff'erent Light and passing it ; because it cannot but be
" of Publick utility.

"I must likewise recommend to your Consideration the
" framing some amendments to the second and third clauses
" of the act concerning marriages and Divorce the Incon-
" veniency of them as they now stand are too obvious to need
"being pointed out; and I am of opinion likewise that upon
" perusal of the first clause of the act for establishing Religi-
" 0U8 Publick Worship you will perceive its insufiiciency for
" eflectually answering the end of such an act.

" These gentlemen are the matters that have occurred to
" me as necessary to be laid before you ; any Bills you shall
" prepare you may depend upon it will have their due weight
" with me, for I can have no other standard for the regulation
" of my condQct than the Duty I owe to my sovereign in my
" ambition to^see you a very happy people a very flourishing
" and a very considerable people."

The House then went down to the assembly room.

The oaths of alL-giance were taken by the' House and the
members present subscribed the Declaration.

Resolved that the oflice of Clerk to the assembly be exe-
cuted by a Member or ilembers of the House.

Voted, that Mr. Hinshelwood and Mr. Deschamps be joint
Clerks to the House.

Voted, that John Calbeck be messenger and Doorkeeper to
the House.

Resolved, That a Committee, vizt., William Nesbitt, Esqr.,
Mr. Hinshelwood and Henry NeAvton, Esq., Malachy Salter,
Esq., and Mr. Prancklin, do prepare an address in answer to
His Excellency's Speech by to-morrow morning.

Then adjourned till to-morrow morning Ten o'clock.

740

NOVA SCOTIA rOCOMENTS.

(

Wednesday,

the 5th of December, 1759.

The Committee appointed to ])repare an address in answer
to His Excellency's Speech, repprted jto the House that they
had prepared the same, which bjeing tead was approved of.

A message was sent by a coniraittee to acquaint His Excel-

lency that the House is ready to

attend him with their address ;

to jvhich His Excellency answered, that He was ready to re-
ceive them, which being Reported the House accordingly
waited on His Excellency with an address which was read by
Mr. Speaker as follows —

TO HIS EXCELLENCY

Charles Lawrence, Esq., Captain General and Governor
in and over Hit Majesty's Province of Nova
Scotia or Acadie, Vice Admiral of ike same, &c.&c.

May it please you Excellency,— -

•' We His Majesty's most D itiful and Loyal Subjects the
" Representatives of this province, return your Excellency
" our sincere and Hearty thanl;s for your Speech delivered
'' from the Chair. It is with inixpressable joy that wo reflect
■' on the Glorious and Successful events that have attended
" His Majesty's Arms under Go|d, and the Vigilance and good
" Conduct of our Admirals an4 Generals in all parts of the
" World, but more especially inl North America, and it is with
■' infinite pleasure we foresee the great Honour, Dignity and
" advantage that will accrue thetefrom to His Majesty's Sacred
' " person. His Crown and His Dominions. And we have the
" most sanguine Hopes from the experienced great abilities of
" our Worthy Commander in Chief, General Amherst, and
" from the known Valour and j Intrepidity of the 'Troops, as
" well Regular as Provincials uijider his Command that Ho will
" be able soon ,to finish tho Gldrious Work he has begun, by
" entirely subduing the pride and Insolence of France in tho
" compleat reduction of Canada, the rnother and nurse of the
" most Cruel Savage Enemies to these His Majesty's American
" Colonies.

" It is with pleasure we embrice this occasion of expressing
*' the grateful sense we have of your Excellency's paternal
" care in the wise and prudent steps taken to engage such
" great numbers of substantial and reputable Protestant fami-
" lies from tho Neighbouring Colonies to settle on the vacated
" and other lands of this proviice which your Excellency has

HOUSE OP ASSEMBLY.

741

" been enabled to effect by rightly improving the favourable
" opportunity which the success of His Majesty's Arms has
" afforded ; the consequence whereof must throw the highest
" Lustre upon your Excellency's administration and cannot
" fail speedily to render this a rich and flourishing Colon)'.
" On our part we beg leave to assure you, Sir, that as we have
" no doubt of the Rectitude of your measures, no assistance
" in our power shall be wanting to strengthen your hands in
" the conducting so Great and Laudable an undertaking.

" We shall take into our immediate consideration the mat-
" ters recommended by your Excellency as first necessary to
" be done upon this Session, and we shall in these as in all
" other Cases pay the highest regard to whatever your Ex-
" cellency may propose to us for the welfare and prosperity
" of this province which under the happy Influence of your
" wise administration we hope to see the real Barrier, as well
" as the envy of our most oppulent neighbour*."

His Excellency a'^quainted the House that He would return
His answer on Friday morning.

Then adjourned till to-morrow morning Ten o'clock.

Extract from Letter of Lords of Trade to Lt. Governor
Belcher.

Whitehall, April 21st 1761.

It was a great concern to Us to find amongst those Laws,
one for making Provision for the temporar}' and inconsiderable
Service of erecting a Market House by a Lottery which is a
mode of raising money that, in Our Opinion, ought never to
be countenanced, and hardly admitted into Practice even
upon the most pressing Exigencys of the State, more espe-
cially in the Colonies in America where the nature of Govern-
ment will not admit of those Regulations and Checks neces-
sary to prevent Fraud and abuse in a matter so peculiarly
liable to them.

We cannot therefore but disapprove of this act upon the
general Principle of it, but when We consider the very un-
guarded and loose manner in which it is framed. We are at a
loss to guess at the motives which could have induced the
Governor to have given his assent to it, and We should cer-
tainly have laid it before His Majesty for His Disapprobation,

742

NOVA SCOtriA DOCtJMEKTS.

but as the purpose for which it was passed has been carried
into Execution and the act has had its full force and Effect
such a measure might perhaps be attended with some Incon-
veniency, and therefore it only remains for Us to express to
you our entire disapprobation of the Act, and to desire that
3-on will not upon any Considleration whatever give your assent
to a Law of the like nature for the future.

TBB END.

"' iJ''.*i>PnnMiipMiHI|iP

INDEX.

AcxmiN Fkencii.

Annapolis, their ot^poeitjon to gov-
CTTment at, 33, 66, 58.

Aastniibly, nddrcsG of, ii-apecting their
removal, 315.

Arms, thuy titkc i^, and xxitnmit dep-
redations, 321.

Bailly, il.- (Priest), good conduct of,
356.

BeaiilKt^n, ordered to rtjtum from,
212 ,- n^fused p:isscs to go to, 221.

Beausi'Jimr, taken in arms at, 243,
244,408.

Hoard of Tradtt have doubts of the
propriety of their removal at this
time, 337.

Bonavonture, Pere, (Priest), 356.

Boston, to t>e detained in, 329 ; arri-
val of five transiports at, 329 ; trans-
poits to return to Nova Scotia, 332.

Bresl(^, M., Priest at Aunapolis, med-
dles with civil aiiairs, 82.

Causo, join Indians in robbing fisher-
incB at Canso, 48 ; those at, leave
for Island of St Peter, 349.

Cape Breton, to be protected in tlieir
settlements in, 353.

Cape Sable, inhabitants of brought to
Hali&x, 305, 3«7, 308.

Character oi; by Governor Mascarcne,
41.

Chebucto, settlement at, 566.

Cheverouil, M. (Pricsl), 192,2.30 j his
conduct before the Council, 103 ;
orderLHi to Halifax, 170 ; to be sent
to Engbind, 2B2.

Chigni'cto, they diiseit their l:mds at,
205, 206 ; petition to be ailowi>d to
return to their lands at, remain
neuter and be exempt from bearing
arras, 211.

Circular to Governors on the Conti-
nent to prevent return of, 303.

Colonies, to be distributed among the,
281.

Condition of, in the year 1731, 102.

Continu ttioii of, in the prjvince
recommended, 314.

Cora, proc matioa against their ox-
poi'tng 219.

Com Act, explanation of, 230.

Conn il'-^ opinion re«|)eating thtir re-
moval, 318.

ACADiAK French (.continued).

Conner of Governor Comwallis in-
terceoted by, 184.

Daudin, Abbe, 202, 210, 221, 229,
239 I ordered to Haliliix with five
of the principal inhabitants of Pisi-
q\iid, 223 : insolence (A\ ibid ; con-
fined iu fort, 226 ; brought before
C'puneil at Halifax, 227 ; submission
o),235 ; to be sent to Knglaud,2S2.

Declaration of Governor Doucette to,
H ; answer, 14 ; of Governor (Jorn-
wlallis to, 165, 171 ; their answers,
I^, 170, 172.

Deputies, attend before Council at
Anniqiolis, 24, 66, 155 ; refusal of
inhabitants of Annapolis to choose.
25 : submission of inhabitants of
Annapolis, 35 ; of Minas promise
to a^isemble inhabitants to take tlie
oath, 68 ; letter of Governor Arm-
flli-ong to Minas and Pisiquid, 73, 89,
90 ; refuse oath, 77, 256, 260, 267,
381 ; sent to prison, 78 ; letter of
Govr. Mascorene to, 105 ; brought
Wfore Council at Halifax, 156, 167,
1*8, 170, 172, 176, 250, 256. 259,
2^, 266 ; of Cobequid sent to pri-
6<jii, 180 ; address to, by Governor
Cprawallis, 172, 185 ; answer of
Oiovernor Comwallis to those from
Aima)ioUs, C^inard Kiver, Pisiquid,
Miuas, and Grand Pre, 174, 189 ;
n^inorial of, from Minas and Pisi-
qi;iid, 247 : from Peticuliac and
Ueuimmcook, arrive at Fort Cmn-
b«irland, 311 ; ordered to attend at
Hulifnx, 564 ; attend before Grovr.
at Haliiix, 576, 577, 584, 537.

Desendavi's, Jean, Bte., 112, 113^
2] I, 305 ; Biographioal notice of,
111 ; ord -red to Halifax, 170.

Desf,r!ed French inhabitants, ezpla-

naiiim of that term, 283.

)tsiro

D>!SU'0:h of returning under French

dominion, 157.
De4iture stitte of, at Peticodiac and

MeinniuK-ook, 311.
Dee|iatch on the subject of their re-

m^ival. 278.
Disposiiiait of, 157.
Dura id, Justinian, (Priest), 21, 27 i.

latter from Govemor Philipps to, 23.

mm
I

744

Acadian FmircH (.continued.)

INDEX.

Dikes, they assist in repturiog, 319.

Felix, Father, 16,-60.

Fort Edward, refuse to bring in fire-
wood for garrison at, 222, 223.

France, secretly persuaded to return
to, 339.

^rencli influence predominates with,
36, 37, 56.

.Freuch government request that they
slmll be allowed three years time,
to remove fi-om. the province, 279.

French West Indies, lure vessels and
depart for, 349.

French, in interest of, 386.

Gaulin, Pere, (Priest ),Jjis submission,
68,69.

ti«rmain, Charles, (Piiest), 309 ; Bio-
8xaphical notice of, 319.

Girard, M. (Priest), 180, 183, 188 ; or-
dered to HaUfitx, 170.

Godalie, M., (Priest), 96, 113 ; letter
from Govei-nor Armstrong to, 95 ;
letter from Governor Mascareue
to, 118.

Government not able to enforce obe-
dience of, 58, 59.

Giants from Col. Mascarene, 561.
. Guides, or pilots, unwilling to furnish,

162.
. Habits, manners, and places of abode,
of, 44, 46, 157.

Halifax, to tie brought to, 702, 704.

Hostility of, 328, 384.

Indians, pretended dread of, 13, 564 ;
johied by them to attuclc Canso,
64 ; aid, in robbing Mr. Aldcn's
sloop, 51, 52, 60 ; unite with, 404.

Indecision of, 35, 36.

Lands, allowed^fo sell them, 7 ; Seig-
neurial rights, 91 ; claim more than
they are entitled to, 92 ; six fami-
lies from Cape Breton allowed to
return to their lands, 228 ; dispute
possession of, on St. John's river,
with English settlers, 338 ; war-
rants issued to foriy-four Ibmilies
for, at St. Hary's, 357 ; to be set-
tled, 421 ; cultivating their, 644.
. Leave the province, not allowed to,
611.

Le Maire, M. (Priest), 282.

Letter of remonstrance from, 172 ;
letter to St. Ovide, requesting his
advice with regard to oath, 25.

liberty and protection promised them ,

13.
. litigious disposition of, 94.

Loutre, Joseph de k, 152, 178, 179,
183, 208, 210, 214, 221, 228, 229,
230, 232, 237, 239, 369, 580, 583,
£86, 591 , 618 ; Biographical notice

Ag|dian Fbbnch (continued.)

at, 178 ; letter of, to M. Bigot, t93 >
chai^ged with murder of Captain
How, 194, 195, 210 ; assembles In-
dians at Bay Verte, 199 ; letter of,
to Governor Lawrence, 215 ; letter
of, to King of France, 233 ; lettef
fram Bishop of Quebec to, 240 ;
petsuades Indians to begin hostili-
ties, 593.

Mailiard, Abbe, part of a letter to'
Girard from, 184 ; Biographical no-
tice of, ibid.

Malagash bay, 561 ; settlement at,
ibid.

Meuach, Abbe, 328, 340 ; letter of in-
troduction to Governor Maaearene,
121 ; ill behaviour of, 319 ; 'Bin'
graphical notice of, ibid.

Militia duty, exempted from, 354.

Miramiclii, invite<l by Jacques Uobin»
to collect at, 340.

Missionaries, orders respecting, 118,
124.

Names of those returned from Louis'
burg, 214, 216.

Numbera of, in Acadia, in the year
1714, 6 ; in Isle lioyale in the year
1716, 12 ; in 1755, 278 ; in different
pans of the province and Island of
St. John, 346 ; able to bear arms,
42.

Numerous and ungovernable, 92.

No dependence in, in case of war
with France, 129.

Oath of allegiance and fidelity taken,
by, 21, 80, 91, 167, 188, 263, 309,
363, 364 ; taken by inhabitants of
Anna|>oIis river, 69, 84, 121 ; taken
on reduction of Port Royal, 263,
264, 266, 266, 267 ; required bj
\Board of Trade to be made more
explicit, 84 ; refused by, 16, 61, 56,
68, 65, 67, 72, 74, 75, 78, 169, 173,
197, 202, 203, 204, 205, 207, 233,
260, 281, 350, 366, 577, 692 ; depu-
. ties not 4>ennitted to take oath after
their refusal, 256 ; -consent to de-
.liver up arms and adhere to oatli
taken, 261, 262.

Obstruct building of fort at Minas, 08.

Petition of inhabitants of Cubequid,
, 103 ; to M. de Ganne to withdraw
his savages, 135 ; to leave the pro-
vince with their effects, 185 ; re-
specting tlieir missionaries, 201 ; to
Governor Hupson respcctuig oftth
of allegiance, 203 ; for leave to re-
turn to their lands, 211 ; sent to
Canadii, 230 ; of inhahitanls of Co-
bequid to inhabitants of Beuubassin,
231 ; to King of France respecting

IKDEX.

745

Acadian Fbbmcb {coniinutd.)

oath of allegiance, 233 ; to retain
cuiioes and anns, 247, 249 ^ tram
inhabitantsofAunni>olis river, 261 :
from Piaiquid, Mimis, and river
Canard, 263, 264 ; to Governor
«t)d Council ol' Peiinsjlvania, 278 ;
to Governor of Massuctiuaettd, to
. be allowed to settle in that pro-
vince, 306 ; to Fi-encli king, to be
removed from the province, 341 ;
of Belonis Hoy and others, to bo
sent to Fraace, 347.

Pay unjustly witliheld from them, 338.

ii'ilotfi, unwilling to furnls>b, 152.

Prisunors of war, inhabitanty of St.
John's river to be scut to Euro(>e
as, 313 ; number of marched Into
Halifax, 324.

Proclamations, I6d, 171, 565 i to in-
habitants of Anna|kolitt river and
Minas, 22, 30 ; reiqiccting trade of,
114 ; to seize rebelliuus iahabitiints
ol'Pisiquid, 177 ; iiguiust ejK|K)rliug
'<»mf, 219.

t*rovi:$ions, in want of, 378.

Heligiou, to have free exercise of
tiieir^211 j denumd exemption from
arms and free cz(»\:ise of their, 576.

Removing 6 ; instructions for, 267,
270, 271, 274, 300, 409.

Bem'/val ol, from George's Island,
280 ; accounts contracted for, 285,
293 ; approvoJ by His Mnjesty, 298 ;
from Capo Sable, 299 ; removal of
remainder., 326.

Return to the province, 302 ; two hun-
dred inhabitants of St. John's river
return to that place, 309.

Roads opened by them without the
authority of Government, 33.

Settlements, to be provided with pro-
per places for, 339.

St. John*8 river, abandon and blow
up foi-t at, 259 ; those of, permitted
to settle in Canada, 352 ; notified to
remove from, 357 ; ^tosc at, con-
sidered British subjects, 366, 367,
369.

St. Poncy, M. de, (Piiest), conduct of
before Council, 103, 104 ; ordered
^_ to leave the province, 107, U8.

TVade with Louisburg, 137.

Viacent, Pere, (Priest), enmity of, to
Britiiih Government, 16.

Work, engaged to square timber for
blockhouses, 607.

Aeadie River, propriety of building a fort

on, 400.
Advertisemei^,^ proposed settlement of

Nova ScotiaT^S.

Adams, John, 20, 21, 57 ; Biographical
Dottoe of, 76.

Adams, Stephen, ordered to be whipped,
639.

Adlam, Capt, ordered to destroy all ree-
sels, boats and canoes of Acadian French,
486

Alden, John, 51, 52, 60.

Aldrige, Christian, 75.

Amherst, Kdwai-d, 553 ; Biographical no-
XioR of, 107.

Ambers:, Sir Jefferj-, letters of, to Govr.
Belcher, 326, 328, 329, 489 ; to Govr.
Laorenoe, 441. 444, 448. 451, 466, 467,
469, 471, 473, 476, 479, 480, 487 ; to
Govr. Pownall, 464, 465, 474, 475 ; to
Genl. Whitmore, 478 ; Biographical
ndtice of, 444.

Amherst, Lieut.-CoL, 478.

Annapolis Koyal, 18, 43, 403, 404 ; short
of provisions at, 8 ; gan*i9on of, 129,
140, 437. 442 ; assaulted by three hua^
dred Indians, 131, 141 ; relieved bj
reinforcemcntH from Massachusetts,
132 ; attacked by French force under
M. Duvivier, 133, 143, 144 ; ex{>ectcd
attack on tort by French, 436 ; ord-
nance stores sent to, 575 ; bad state of
the garrison under Genl. PhiUpps, 586 ;
one member of assembly for township
ol", 718.

Anne, Quc<»i, letter of, to Govr. Nichol-
son, respecting Acadian French, 12, 15,
264.

Anderson, John, letter to, from Sectj.
Bulkeley, respecting removal of French
Acadians fi*om St. John's river, 357.

Apthorp and Hancock, 2S5 399, 619, 620.

Arm, ^orth West, Ualiiax, boom to ba
placed across, 705.

Armed vessels, sloop and sdiooner, re*
taken by, 462.

Arms and ammunition for Nova Scotia,
393.

Arms to be returned tq New England,
426.

Armstrong, Govr., 10, 20, 21, 24, 29, 203 ;
Biographical notice of, 64 : letters to
Secretary of State from, 64, 65, 69, 70,
79,81,101,102,104; to I^rds of IVada
fiom, 62. 82. 91, 94, 99 ; to French de-
puties, 73, 88, 89, 90 ; letter to Priest
Godalie from. 95 ; letter to Governor
of Cape Breton, from, 96 ; letter to
Bishop of Quebec, 99.

Assembly, address of, to Governor, to re-
move Acadian French, 315 ; necessity
of calling, 711 ; Chief Justice's opin-
ion on manner of calling legislative
aasembly, ibid ; instruction as to the
method of calling an, 712, 715 ; objec-
tions, 716, 723 ; proceedings of Council
relative to, 717, 718 ; number of mem

746

INDEX.

T.O;

of,

[ro-

G|ov-

ot;

>,7:l8;

bere of, for province, 718 ; number
members of, for townships, ibid ;
location of members and electors,
necessary for the peace of the eolo^iy,
722 ; instructions to call, 725 ; time '
retnm ot writs for, 726 ; manner
calling flrst house, 727 ; as to meetfng
of, and laws passed by, 728 ; votes o "
729 ; Siieaker chosen, 730 ; Govemir'
speech to, ibid: ofticers of, 732
eeedings of, ibid ; answer of, to
ernor's speech, 733 ; second session
and Speaker chosen, 734 ; Governor
speech to, 735 ; first session of
house, 737 ; Governor's speech to,
answer of, to Governor's speech, 740

Bailly, M. (Priest), good conduct of, 3J 6.

Barron, Capt. Samuel, sailing order^ ''
280

Bastidc, MajorGcnl., 702, 703, 704, lOo,
706.

Beaubassin, 15, 362, 363. .

Bay of Fundy, garrisons to be relioi ed,
464, 465.

Bay V'erte, 362, 363 ; necessity of a fort
on the Isthmus, 433.

Beauhamois, Messm. de, and Hocqiiirt,
letter of, to Count de Maurepas, stuping
desire of Acadian Fi-eneh to ret^um
under French dominion, 157, note. \

Beausejour, French fort, 199, 200, 4K3 ;
proposed attack on, 385 ; stjite of fort
and garrison at, 40i, 404, 405 ; surren-
der of, 243, 283, 408, 426.

Bedford, Duke of, 611 : letters from Gbvr.
ComwaUis to, 561, 577, 585. I

Belcher, Hon. Jonathan, 313, 314 ; Qov-
emor, 315 ; Biographical notice of, 46. ;
letter, to Colom;l Forster, 319 ; letfcre,
to Secretary of State, 321, 334 ; letters
to Genl. Amherst, 327, 331 ; lettct to
Lords of Trade, 335. '

Bennett, Jn8<!ph, Councillor, 71 ; jonhial
of, laid iK-fore Council, ibid.

Bernard, Francis, Governor of Mnssa ;hn
setts, 3.32 ; refuses to allow Acadiaijs to
land, 333.
Best, William, 729.
Bigot, M., Intcndant at Quebec, 618.
Bijmey, Jnnatlian, 737 ; Biogmphica: no-
tice of, 729.

BiooBAPHicAi. Notices.

Adams, John, 76.
AmhoMt, Edward, 107.
Amherst, Lord, 444,
Armstrong, Lawrence, 64,

Bedfonl, Duke of, 561.

Belcher, Jonathan, 315.

Binney, Jonathan, 729.

Bi-ouillan, St. Ovide de, 25.

Bulkeley, Richard, 309.

Cobb, Siivnnus, 182.

Collier, John, 255.

ComwaUis, Hon. Edward, 559.

Cotterell, Wiiriam, 208.

Crcigliton, John, 558.

Daviilson, Hugh, 570.

I>rn3on, Henry Denny, 355.

IXjscluimps, Is-iac, ,35-3.

Desenclavcs, Jean Uaptiste, 111.

Doucette, John, 13.

Duport, John, 694.

Fnmcklin, Micliael, .352.

Cralissionniere, Count de la, 365.

Gates, Horatio, 627.

(ierrish, Joseph and Benjamin, 72ff.

(iermain, Charles, 319.

Gibson, .ranies, 452.

Gorham, John, 168.

Gorliani, Joseph, 231.

Green, Benjjimin, 569.

Haliliix, Earl of, 590.

Hamilton, Otho, 77.

Handfield, John, 274.

Hinchclwood, Archibald, 558.

Ho|>8on, Peregrine Thomas, 671 .

How, Edward, 166.

Jonquiere, Marquis de la, 372.

Lawrence, Charles, 235.

Le Com, Chevalier Pierre, 194.

Little, Otis, 558.

Lochman, Leonard. 659.

Loutre, Louis Joseph de la, 178.

Slaillard, Antoine Simon, 184.

Jla-scarene, Paul, 108.

iieauger, Joshua, 646.

Itiniac (or Menach), Abbe, 319.^

Monckton, Hon. Kobt.. 391.

Moreau, J. Baptiste, 558,

Morris, Charles, 293.

Ncsbitt, William, 558.

Newcastle, Duke of, 83.

Newton^Hibbert, 20.

Newton, Henry, 323.

Nicholson, Francis, 11.

CJsborae, Sir Danvers, 621.

PhUip|», Richard, 17.

Phips, Spencer, 183.

Pichon, Thomas, 229.

Pownail, Tnomas, 304.

Bamcsay, Jean Baptiste Nicholas

Roche de, 668.
Rous, John, 225.
Salisbury', John, 670.
Salter, Malachy, 737.
Shirley, William, 380.
Verger, M. Duchambon (le, S3#.
Winslow, John, 271.
Wiljuot, Uontagne, 340.

INDEX.

747

BIm, Mr., 28.

Blower, Captain John, member of Coun-
cU, 72.

Board of Trade. { See Lords of Trade, )

Boisherbert, M., French and Indians com-
manded by, 436.

Buiiuventure, Pere, (Missionary), conduct
of, 356.

Boscawen, Admiral, 257 ; attends Coun-
cil, 258, 260, 263.

Boston, Col. Winslow's battalion to return
to, 439 ; six thousand tons of transports
hired at, to carry troops to Louisburg,
448 ; great Are at, 482 ; letter of thanks
from Governor of Mussacliusetls for aid
sent from Halifax to, 482.

Boundaries of Nova Scotia, 361, 363, 567,
369, 371, 374, 376.

Boudre, Peter, Councillor, 20, 21.

IJourg, Alexander, complaint against, 72 ;
letter from Govr. Annstroiig to, 89 ;
letters from Govr. Mascarene to, 126,
130 ; suspended from office, 152 ; neg-
ligence in office, 154.

Boui-n, William, Justice, 692.

Braddock, Mnior-Genl., proposed e.xixi-
dition uf, ,'i89, 406 ; deleat of, 409, 411,
412, 413, 414, 415 ; Ust of officers kiUed
and wounded, 417.

Bradstrecl, John, 25, 52, 63.

Bresley, M.. priest at Annatxilis meddles
with civil affairs, 82. .'

Brewse, John, 571 : his plan of Halifax,
575.

Brouillan, St. Ovidc de. Governor of I.sle
Royale, 4, 25, 26, 38, 62, 63, 65, 81, 96,
105 ; his letter to Govr. Armstrong, 63 ;
Biographiud notice of, 25.

Bulkeley, Hon. Richard, Biographical no-
tice (4", 309 ; letter to Joslma Winslow,
338 ; letter to John Anderson and Fran-
cis Peabody, 357.

Button, Thomas, instructions to, to pro-
claim George I., 3.

Canada, letters from Governor of, 361,

362, 372.
Cainplu-lt, Robert, 729.
Canard river, letter to iuliabil;uits of, from

Govr. Mascan^ne, 137.
Canadian French, six thousand take oath

of allegiance, 470.
Canso, 17, 48, 129.
Cape Breton, 5, 17, 32, 34, 36, 37, 38, 47,

50,51,65,393,441,476.
Cape Dore, 45.
Capoon, Peter, instructions to, to proclaim

Geoi^gu I., 3.
Carlton, Govr., letters to, from Govr.

Fraucklin, 355, 356.

Carteel, Peter, to be tried for murder,
579, 58.5, 587.

Casteel, Anthony, deposition of, relative
to his f»ptivity among the Indians, 696.

Cauliidd, Govr., letter to Secretary ot
suite, 7 ; letters to Lords of Trade, 8 ;
notice of, 8 ; letter to Secretary of War,
U.

Chevercaux, M. (Priest), 192, 230 ; his
conduct before tlie Council, 103 ; to be
sent to England, 282.

Chebucjo, 49, 57, 402, 506 ; ai-rival of set-
tlers at, 559 ; arrival of transi>ort8 at,
561 ; aiTival of Col. Mascarene and five
of the Council at, 562 ; description of,
563 ; place for town, ibid ; description
of settlers and plans of defence, $ee
Halifax.

Chibbenacadie river, propriety of build-
ing a fort at, 400.

Chignecto, 16, 19, 32, 47,74, 114,386,403,
439 ; re|H>rt ol' officeis on return from,
79 ; Govr. Mascarene's letter to depu-
ties of, 120, 139 ; fbi-ts on the isthmus
of, 405 ; works at, suspended, 642.

Clapham, Capt. William, 581, 594, 617.

Cobb, Capt. Silvanus, 208 ; ordered to
arrest LeLoutre, 178 ; Biographical no-
tice of, 182.

Cobequid, 15, 47, 642 ; petition from in-
habitants of, 103 ; letter of submission
from inhabitants, 151.

Collier, John, Councillor, 203 ; Biograph-
ical notice of, 255 ; Justice, 671.

Coinmnn of Haliliix, &n account of, 700.

Commission to Govr. Cornwallis, 497.

Connor, John, and James Grace, an nc-

■ count of Iheir escnjje from Indians, 695.

Connor, John, appointed ferryman at
Dartmoutli, 648, note.

Corn .4ct. See Acadian French.

Come, Chevalier Pierre La, 183, 194,386 ;
notice of, 194.

Cornc, Father hi, 319.

Cornwiillis, Govr., 261, 372 ; declarations
to .\caditm French, 165, 171 : letters to
Lords of Trade from, 175, 564, 574, 583,
591, 605, 608, 616, 618, 625, 630, 641,
64.i, 645, 646 ; to Secretary of State,
181, 194, 559, 561, 567, 577, 585, 593 ;
sends Capt. (Torham to seize rebellious
inhabitants at Pisiquid, 177 ; order to
Cant. Cobb to arrest LeLoutre, 178 ;
order of, to Capt. John Gorham, to pro-
ceed to Pisiquid, and seize houses of
those who took uj) arms, 181 ; orders
Ca|)t Rous to St. John river, 371 ; letr
ter to M. LeJonquiere, 375 ; commis-
sion of, 497 ; biographical notice of,
559 : his arrival at Chebucto, ibid;
o\wns his commission and takes oath,
562 ; requests to be allowed to i^gn,
645.

748

INDEX.

Comwallia Island, settlers or, 667.

Cotterell, WUliam, 201, 692 ; letter to
Capt. Scott from, 208 ; to C'apt Haqiil-
ton, 210 ; to CapU Floyer, ibid ; to Ool.
Sutherland, 214 ; to Capt. Murray, 221,
234. i

Cope, Major Henry, Councillor, 97 ; ^■
porta Fi-ench and Indians obstruct ela-
tion of fort at Minas, ibid.

Cope, John Baptistc, an Indian chief,
treachery of, at Cliignecto, 195, 210 ;
signs treaty of peace, 683.

Council at Anna(>olis, minutes of, 20, 21,
24, 25, 29, 55, 66, 67, 68, 71, 72, 73, 74,
75, 76, 77, 78, 97, 98, 99, 107, 151, lp2,
153, 155, 156, 160 ; on board the Beau-
fort, at Hulifiix, 166, 168, 170, 172, 568,
570, 571, 572, 573, 579, 580, 581 ; Ghy-
ernment House. Halifax, 176, 180, 188,
192, 201, 203, 211, 215, 221,223, 2?o,
226, 227, 247, 255, 256, 258, 260, 263,
293, 309, 310, 312, 213, 314, 319, 3^2,
323, 325, 331, 338, 582, 695, 596, 598,
699, 603, 609, 619, 620, 621, 622, 6t3,
624, 639, 640, 643, 648, 671, 672, 682,
685, 692, 694, 717. 718, 726.

Council formed at Halifax, 562 ; legi^*
tive authoiity of, 709, 710.

Councillors, names of Rrst, at Halifax, 5(12,
669.

Council of war, 702, 703, 705, 706.

Cosby, Major, 70 ; Lieut-Governor of fiirt
at Annapolis, 79. }

Courts of Judicature established at Hili-
fiii, 605. I

Court, inferior court of Common Picas
establiihed, 692. |

Cox, Captain, 225.

Crawley, Edmund, 323, 654. i

Creighton, John, 509, 692 ; biographiial
notice of, 558. [

Crown Point, 371, 406, 410 ; sut-render iof,
451. ^

Cross Island, settlera on, 667.

Cumberland, Fort. 313, 314, 487 ; gailn.
aon of, 442 ; to be tinislied, 445 ; p y>-
vincial troops threaten to leave, 479.

Daudin, AlAc, 202, 210, 222, 223, 2l6,
227, 229, 235, 239, 282. See Acadijm
French.

D'Auvillc, Duke, French fleet under lis
command, 560. T

Dartmouth, picketted in, 402 ; govern-
ment sawmills, 402, 608 ; survey M,
oi-dertd, 621 ; sctllera to be sent fo,
643 ; ferry established at, 648 ; town-
ship of, 718.

Davidson, Hugh, 562 ; Biographical i o-

tice of, 570 ; complaint againsC, 625 ;
sent to England, 631.

Debts, regulation respecting, 600.

D'Conti & Gravina, Peter, Marquis, no-
tice of, 656.

DeLancy, Govr., letters from, to Qovr
Phips, informing him of Br8ddock*R
defeat and death, 411, 414.

Deljincy and Watts, 619, 620.

l)e la Honde, Sieur, 4.

Denson, Henry Denny, letter from Govr.
Fi-ancklin to,exempting Acadian Frencli
of Kings County and of Winifaor from
Militia duty, 364 ; Biographical notioe
of, 355.

De Pontchartrain, Mons., Minister of Ma-
rine at I^ris, letter from, to M. cTe
Iberville, respecting removal of Acadian
French in 1714, 4.

De Ronville, M., 26.

Deputies, Acadian French. See Acadian
French.

Deserted Freudi inliah., explanation of
tf rm, 283.

Descham|xo, Isaac, 223 ; Biographical no-
tice of, 353 ; clerk of assembly, 739.

Dcsonclaves, Jean, 111, 112, 113, 211.
See Acadian French.

Desherbier, M., Governor of Cape Breton,
580, 583.

Dick, Mr, 615, 635, 644 ; complaints
against, 675, 676.

Doucette, John, Lieut. -Govei-nor, 57, 61,
66 ; letter of, to Secretary of State, 12 ;
Biographical notice of, 16, 66.

Durand, Justinian, 21, 23, 27. 8ei Aca-
dian French.

Durell, Admiral, 445.

Duport, John, 203, 312, 671, 692 ; Bio-
gnipljical notice of, 694.

Du Vivier, M., intends attacking Anna-
jiolis, 132 : order of, to inhabitants of
Grand Pre, Minas, &c., 134 ; attackj
Annapolis, 133, 143, 144.

Ellison, Robert, notice of, 170, 572.
E.Tpenses of Colony of Nr»va Scotia, bo-

tween 1751 and 1753,687; estimate for,

1754, 690, 691.

Fairbanks, Joseph, member of assemblr,

729.
Felix, Father, 16, 60.
Fei^ii^on, Henry, 729.
Fisheries, 48, 49, 50, 61, 64, 560, 567, 633,

644.
Fillis, John, 739.

INDEX.

749

Floyer, Cajpt. Matthew, instmclions to, in
dismantling fort at Mmas, 212.

Fort Edward, 438 ; instructions to com-
manding oflicer, 197.

Fort Frederick, St John's, 487 ; M.
Tonge's report on, 488.

Foye, WiUiam, 729.

Foster, Col. \V., 702.

Fotheringham, George, 671.

Francklin, Hon. Michael, 323 ; Biograph-
ical notioe of, 352 ; letter of, to Isaac
Deachampe, 353 ; letter of, to H. D.
Densou, 354 ; lettere of, to IJeut.-Grov.
Carlton, 355, 356 ; member of Assem-
bly, 737.

tYonch fleet, above Quebec, 470 ; five of,
east away, ibid.

French troo|is at Beaubaasin, Bay of
Verte, 362.

French, underhand practices of, 339 ; se-
ducing away Acadian French, 342 ; in-
ter^ntion of, on behalf of Acadian
French, ibid ; acknowledge right of
British Government to disiKise of Aca-
dian f rench, ibid ; no intention of in-
terfering, 348 ; complain of Indian al-
lies being detained as prisoners, 374 ;
designs on Cbignecto, 376 ; depend on
Indians, 377 ; advantage in possessing
the Istlinius and St. John, river, 382 ;
oontinued encroachment of, 382, 400 ;
determined to begin an oflensive war,
394, design attacking Fort HaUtax
upon the Kennebec, ibid ; intend mak-
ing themselves masters of the Bay of
Fundy, 401 ; fleet reiwrted ofl' Ixmis-
burg, 407 ; to attack Annapolis, 436 ;
Admirnl Bom|>ar's squadron, 449 ; they
abandon Fort Ticonderoga, 451 ; sur-
render Crown Point, ibid; surrender

■ Niagara fort, 452 ; excite Indians, 584,
586, 591 ; begin hostiUties, 593, 600
under Le Corne, go to Bay Verte, 597 ,
threats of, 611 ; conduct of, ibid; in-
vade Newfoundland, 702.

Frye, Colonel, extract of letter from, giv-
ing an account ol the destitute state of
inhabitants of Pcticodiac and Memo-
rameook, 311 ; in command at Fort
Cumberland, 480 ; member of assem-
bly, 737.

Fundy, Bay of, 47, 57, 61.

Galissioniere, Count de la, 183, 184, 361,
368 ; letter of, to Gov. Mascarene, 362 ;
claims river St John as French terri-
tory, 363 ; demands release of two sava-
ges, 364 ; Biographical notice of, 365-

Gammel, Mr., charged with disturbing the
peace of the settlements, 70.

Ganne, Capt M. de, petition of French
Acadians to, to wiUidraw his savages,
136 ; comphes with petition, 136.

Gaspereaux, fort at, 392, 405 ; suiTender
of, 408.

Gates, Capt. Horatio, Biographical notioe
of, 627.

GauUn, Per*, (Priest). See Acadian
French.

Gautrol, Honore, oath of, respecting in-
habitants of Pisiquid, 177.

George's Island, 402, 617, 680, 703.

Geoi>(e I., proclaimed, 3.

Gerrish, Joseph, 309, 692 ; Biographical
notice of, 729.

Gerrish, Col., 480.

Gerrish, Benjamin, member of Assembly.
737.

Germain, Father Charles, 309 ; Biogiaph
ical notice of, 319.

Germans at Lunenburg, 435.

Gibson, James, letter of, to Go\t. Law-
rence, 452 ; Biographical notice of, ibid.

Gilman, Major, bad conduct of, 606, 608,
617.

Girard, M., Missionary, 170, 180, 183, 188.
See Acadian French,

Godalie, M., Missionary, 95, 96, 113, 118.
See Acadian French.

Gorliam, Joseph, 449, 477, 585, 586, 696 ;
Biogtuphical notice of, 231.

Gorham, John, 132, 166 ; Biographical
notice of, 168 : ordered to Pisiquid to
build a blockhouse, 181.

Grace, James, an account of his escapo
from the Indians, 694.

Grant, .\le.xaiider, 314.

Green, Benjamin, 166, 428, 562, 596, 730 ;
Biographical notice of, 669.

Green, Henry, 338.

Gunter, Mr., 631.

Haldeman, Col., offers to settle Acadian
French in Canada, 352.

HaUfai, town of, 379, 402, 433, 439, 442,
476, 563, 566, 597, 608, 617 ; sends i»-
hef to Boston for snfferers from lire,
482 ; troops to be sent to, 485 ; fortifi-
cations to be erected at, 490 ; a general
court to be held in, ibid ; proclamation
against leaving settlement, and penalty,
666 ; Justices of the Peace appointed
for, 671 ; defences of, 672, 577, 583,686.
705, 706 ; arrivid of stores from Louis-
burg, 574, 577 ; town marked out and
many log houses up, 575 ; settlers -fTOiii
New England and Loufcburg arrive at_
ibid ; plan of, by Mr. Biewsc, 677 ; lot»
drawn, and town put in a state of de-
fence, ibid; proclamation respectiii£.

750

I JDEX.

sale of liquor, 579 ; order i-espectiiig
burial of the dead, 583 ; threatened altr
tack of by Indians under Loutre, ibid ;
Dumber of settlers victualled, 585, 613 ;
more settlers arrived at, 585, 618, 620 ;
settlers armed, 586 ; three hundred
houses covered in, 592 ; voluntee^
raised in, by Capt. Clapham, 594 ; ti4o
forts finiSied and barricades eompletcti,
ibid; road cut from head ot tay tb,
595 ; militia at, 596, 605 ; French dfe-
gij^ns against, 597 ; a court to be held
at, for trial of prisoneis, 598 ; hou^-
J keepers ordered.to report deatlis witliln
their houses, ibid ; number of liquor
shops, 603; punishment for selling liqupr
without license, ibid ; permission grartt-
ed to build wliarves, 604 ; fear of ^n

- attack fi-om Indians, 605 ; hospital aiid
orplian house, 607 ; frame for churih
expected, ibid ; value of lots, 608 ; tie
king's brew-house, 609 ; lots not built
on to be granted to othere, ibid ; Ger-
man settlers arrive at, 621 ; allowance
to settlers discontinued, 622 ; sale pf
provisions on the Lord's day to Ik sup-
pressed, 623 ; to be divided into eight
wards, 639 ; lots to !» built on withinj a
certain time, 643 ; ferry from, to Uajt-
moutli, establislied, 648 ; scheme oP a
lottery to build light-hotise at entrance
of harbonr, 649 ; list of setlloif. In
1753, 650 : arrival of two men with i^x
Indian sculps, 682 ; treaty with Micmac
Indians signed at, 683 ; treaty with
Miramichi Indians signed at, 699 ; an
account of the common of, 700 ; mililiLi
of, to be encamped, 705.

Halifax, Fort, on the Kennebec, 394.

Halifax, Earl of, Biogi-aphicul notice < »f
590. I

Hamilton, Otlio, Secretai-y of C'oundil
Biographical notice of, 77 : member W'
Council, 97 ; inler\iew witli Loutre jat
Fort I^wrence, 215.

Hamilton, Lieut.-Col., 702.

Hammond, Philip, 729.

Haudfield, John, 177, 181,580, 581 ; CoiJn
cillor, 107 ; instructions to, for ivmox nl
of Acadian French, 274 ; Biograplii(|al
notice of, ibid-

Harrison, Rev. John, 20, 21, 21, 29.

Haskell, Mark, 307 ; to bo pitisccutfed
for corresponding with the enenjy,
305.

Hay, Ensign, 408.

Hazen, Capt., 449.

Henshaw, Mr, 50.

Hermite, Mons. 1', 4.

HQl, GcKieral, 64.

Hill, Thomas, letter to Govr. Comwal(is,
610.

Hinohelwood, Archibald, 552, 737 ; Bio
graphical notice of, 558 ; member of
Assembly, 737 ; Clerk of As-sembly, 739.

Hobby, Col Sir Cliarles, 11, 12.

Hoiison, Peregrine Thomas, 560, 561, 562,
671, 672, 633 ; Councillor, and notice
of, 170 ; lettere of, to Lords of Trade,
197, 198, 674, 680, 681, 682 ; letters
from French Acadians to, 201, 203 ;
Commander-in-chief at Louisburg, 659 ;
Biogmphical notice of, 671 ; arrives at
Ilalilax and assumes the govei-nment of
the Province, 674,

Hore, Lieut., 473, 737.

Horseman, John, 170, 572.

How, Edward, Biographical notice of,
166 ; murdered at Chignecto, 194, 210,
394 ; sent to ratify treaty with St. John
Indians, 575, 578.

Hussey, Capt., in command at Fort I^aw-
rence, 215.

llustou, John, 737.

Hutchiuson, (iovr., letter frona, to Govr.
Lawrence, 484, 485.

Indians. 32, 34, 50, 55, 57, 61, 75, 82, 87,
97, 104, 183, 185, 186, 224, 361, 363,
364, 368, 369, 374, 375, 378, 382, 385,
394, 406, 408, 435, 436, 468. 472, 486,
563, 567, 575, 578, 680, 581, 583, 585,
591, 594, 597, 643, 671, 672, 694:
Penobscot and Cape Sable, their trade,
9 ; suriJiise and plunder fishenneu at
Canso, 48 ; plunder Mr. jVlden's sloop,
51 ; excited to war by the French, 63 ;
presents to, 61 : treachery of, ibid ;
threaten to attack Canso, 131, 141 ; let-
ter from Govr. Armstrong to, 75 ; seize
cattle, 160 ; attack fort at Grand Pre,
177 ; nmrderCapt. How, 195 ; numbers
ot in Nova Scotia, 199 ; their answer
to proposals of p«ace, 215 ; not peiTQit-
tcd by French to make peace with Eng-
lish, '240 ; aid French in capturing sev-
enteen vessel, 308 ; agree to sign a
treaty, 672 ; dialogue with, 573 ; kill
four men at saw-miUs, 593 ; sign treaties
at Halifax, 574, 673, 683, 699.

Indian town, St. John river, 434 ; calle<l
Naducteck, 438.

Isle Koyale, 4, 27, 28.

Jonqniere, M., la, letter of, to Govr. Com-
wallis, 372 ; Biographical notice of, ib. ;
death of, 373 ; letter from Govr. Com-
wallis to, 376 ; mention of, 697.

INDEX.

751

Eedie, Alexander, member of Assembly,

729.
Kilhy, Christopher, 400, 617, 627, 631.
Kennebec river, proposed attack on

French fort, 382.
Ketch Harbor, settlers at, 667.
Keys, Thomas, ordered to be whipped, 639.
Klages, John E., 615.
Knant, Pliilip, member of Assembly, 729,

737.

L'Aoadie, 30.

La Come, Pierre, 194.

LaHave, 25, 57.

I.iands at Minus and other places, fertility
of, 34. See Acadian French.

Ijiws, connnittoe on, appointed, 596.

I.4iwrence, Governor, appointed Council-
lor, 170 ; President, 211 ; Biographical
notice of, 235 ; letters to Lords of Trade,
212, 25'J, 281, 302, 307, 400, 408, 709,

711, 716, 723, 728 ; lettera to Secretary
of Sute, 243, 283, 308 ; letter to Capt.
Hussey, 237 ; letter to Capt. Murray,
241 ; lettera to Col. Monck-ton, 267,269 ;
circulara to Governors on the continent,
277, 303 ; letters to Govr. Shirley, 296,
299, ?T6 ; pay of as Brigadier, 488 ;
warrant to, to hold couits martiiU, 447 )•
speech at the o)K!ning of the iiret Legis-
lative Assembly at Halifax, 730 ; an-
swer of the Assembly to his sjieech,
733 ; his speech on the opcumg of the
second session, 735 ; also on the open-
ing of the second Assembly, 737 i nply
cf Assembly, 740.

I-awreacetown, county of Hulitiix, 402,

438.
Lawrence, fort, 405.
I^eBlanc, Kenny, appointed notaiy, 152.
LcCi-as, Capt., captures French ship witli

arms for Indians, 618.
Legislative uuthority of Council, 709 ;

Attorney and Solicitor General's opin-
ion on, 710.
Le Maire (I*ricst), to be sent to England,

282.
Little, Otis, 538 ; Biographical notice of,

558.
Lloyd, David, 656 ; Clerk of Assembly,

732.
Loohman, Leonard, 638 ; Biographical

notice of, 659.
Lords of Trade, letters of, to Govr. Phil-

ipps, 58, 84, 85 ; letters of, to Govr.

Lawrence, 207, 235, 298, 300, 304, 709,

712, 715, 722, 725 ; to Govr. Belcher,
320, 741 ; to Govr. Comwallis, 196,361,
687, 601, 610, 612, 616, 633 ; extract

from proceedings of, respecting the re-
moval of Acadian French, 337 : memo-
randum of, eonuected with expense of
the colony, 687.

Louisburg, 214, 401, 407, 442, 448, 472,
475, 484, 485, 560, 562, 6.30, 646 ; emis-
saries from, disturbing the coimtry,
131 ; fortilications of, to be raised, 476;
478, 486. f

Loutre, Louis Jost^ph de la, 152, 178, 179,
183, 208, 210, 214, 221, 228, 229, 230,
232, 237, 239, 369, 580, 583, 586, 591,
593, 618, 193, 194, 195, 199, 215, 2.33,
240 ; Biograpliical notice of, 178. See
Acadian French.

Lunenburg, 402, 538, 442, 718 ; German
settlers at, 435.

Maillard, Antoinc .Simon, Biographical
notice of, 184. See Acadiun French.

Mulagash Bay, 49, 57. 079 : Comwallis
anchors in, 561 ; French settlement at,
ibid.

Mascutcnc, Pan!, 20, 21. 21, 29, 57, 106,
151, 152, 153, 155, 156, 160, 166, 167,
169, 362, 373, 676, 584, 586 : descrip-
tion of Novu Scotia by, 39 : letters to
French deputies, 105, 115, 120, 137, 138,

139, 160, 162 ; lelteix to Secretary of
State, 1U8, 119, 12 128, 164 : Bio-
gniphiciil notice of, 108 ; letters to Lords
of Trade, 110, 111, 114, 123, 131 ; to M.
I>e8enclaves, 111, 112, 113 ; to M. Gou-
dalie, 118, 127 : to Bi»hop of Quebec,
122 ; to Alex. Bourg, 126, 130 ; to Fnm-
cis Bellisle Kobisliaw, 136 : to ,

140, 146, 150 : to Gom-. Shirley, 158 ;
txi Count dc lu Galissonniere, 365 ; ar-
rives at Halifax, 562 : ap)x>inted to act
at conference with Indians in New
England, 643.

Massucliusetts, govenmienl of, requires in-
dcmniiicution for expenses incurred in
supjjoit of Acadiun French, 294 ; Govr.
Shirley's reply to, 295 : letters of Govr.
of Massachusetts to (iovr. Lawrence,
respecting Acadian French. 301, 302 ;
refuse to receive Acadian French, 307,
332, 333, 335 ; to nuse more troops for
Nova Scotia, 393, 481 ; resolution re-
specting troojis raised for Nova Scotia,
420 ; troops threaten to leave Nova
Scotia, 479 ; troops desert Fort Fred-
crick, 482, 484 : trot>ps to be sent to
Louisburg and Halitax, 484, 490 ; troop«
to bo sent to St. John river, 485.

Manger, Joshua, Biogmphical notice ol,
646 ; charges against, ibid.

McNutt, Mr., 473.

Melancou, Jean, 168.

752

UDEX.

Menach, Abbe, 328, 340 ; letter of intrc^
daction to Governor Mascarene, 121 ,
iU behaviour of, 319 ; Biographical no-
tice of, ibid. See Acadian French.

Mercer, James Fr., men>ber of CouncS,

Messa'gnaJh river, French detcated at, ^

Monckton, 408.
MiUtia, 596, 605, 693, 702, 704. '

MinM, 16, 45, 46, 54, 60, 131,208,564,
S95 : rebolutiona of inhabminta of, lU,
15 ; inhabitanU of refuse to lake oath ot
aUegiance,7o ; «n.ort of ofBoerg on thsir
retifru f.-om, 79 ; letur from mhubiUints
to Captain Gaiui, 135 ; letter to mhabi-
tantii of, from Governor Mascarouc,
137 ; expuUion of Missionary li-om,
363 1 houses burnt at, ibid. i

Missionaries, right of Franco to send, «e-

nicd, 370.
SlrnciirKol2'rt%67,269 37M93,,^6
396 401 443, 444, 448 ; Councillor,
201 '; instructions to, to raise men, in
Boston, 391 ; Biogi-sphical uotico^l,
ibid ; Hwiusejour surrenders to, 4g» ,
"ounded at Quebec, 462 ; letter to Oen.

M~rBlp;is.e,540;Biog,upli»l

Mo^HL^cUes, 449, 604,692,717,
730 ; Biographical noUee ol, 293 , Uis
report on the Common, 701.

Morris, Hunter, Governor of Pennsj^lva-

M^^in^Lmife, -258,260, 263.,

Murtiy Capt. A., letters, to Govepior

S«-r^ncc 222, 223, 225 ; letter to, ^rom

Mr Cotterell, 234 ; directions to afrest

French deserters, 242 ; direction^, o

order inhabitants to send deputi^ to

Halitkx, 256.

Murray, General, defeat of, 48o.

Musquodoboit HiuHx>r, 402, 6/'J.

Nesbitt, Waiiam,A52,624,737 ; Bi<*aph-
ical notice of, 558 ; Speaker of Ajssem-

No'w'-England fo-es 397, 406, 4l9. 428
429, 437, 439, 441, 445, 449, il% Wi,
484, 490, 485. , . , I ^^

Newcastle, Unke of, Biographical hotioe

of, 83.
Newfoundland, 34, 332. J

Newton, Hcury, 323, 729, 737 ; n^ioe of,

NewTon, Hibbert, 20, 21, 24, 29, ((7, 62

Bioginphical notice of, 20.
Newton, John, 737.

New York, in great fear of Bompar'a

Nta^ra^e^i^pedilion against French for*

at, 406, 410 i surrender of fort «2.
Nicholson. Governor, 4, 8, 9, li, iw, ■» .

BiooTanhical notice of, 11.
NSo'tia, 377, 379, 391. 393. 419 4M.
490 ; situation and state of, in 17^0, IB ■
description of, by.Go«r"''i„^'^'*"i'
39 ; state of the forces in, 298, 437 .ad-
dress of HoiMO of BeP«^'"*«!y*? ?y i°
Governor, to remove trench inh^i-
tanu 315 ; French chiim nortliem pa"
of, 361. 363, 367, 369, 374 ; «°7"»;^.
ers to settle boundaries ot, 376, assist-
ance to be sent from Massachusetts to
S^e French out of, 380 398 ; rropa«d
campaign against French in, •*«• J™;
393, 42 1, 435, 438 ; low of would affscl
the tate of the other colonies, 387 , t»o
thousand men to be raised in Massaclui-
solts for service in, 393 ; forces in, 403 .
re-settling land, evacuated by French,
«ndfortiSingSt.Johnsnver,421,for»3
in to join expedition agamst Quebec,
442 ; dikes injured by storm. 468 ; pros-
perily of the province. 472 ; pravinem^
troo^, 475 ; Massachusetts lo.-oea to re-
hirn home, 476 ; "dvertisement of pro-
posal to BetUe,495 ; lUt of settle™, 506 ,
proposal of a French merchant to bring
Lttlers to, 676, 579 ; bad management
in 586 : steps token for security ol, a»4 ,
ex^Lnscs of colony, 617, ^7 ; fi|u«c.al
ol&irs, 633 ; list ol hiniilies «ttl«l '■>.
6M ; condition of seUlera and settle-
ment 674 ; estimate for the year 17o4,
690 ; number of members ot assembly.
718, 727.

Oath of aUegiance and fidelity, t^B^
Acadian French, 21, 80, 91. 16T, 188,
263, 309. 363. 354 1 tot*" by 'nhabi-
timU of Annapohs nver, 69. 84. Ul .
taken by Acadian French on reduction
of Port Royal. 263. 264, 265, 26«, 267 ;
required by Board of Ti-ade to ta^e
m^re exiilicit 84 ; ■^f"f4,,''y ^^^'fg"

^07 233,260.261.262,281,350,355
677 592 ; AcadUn French deputies not
perJiStted to take oath after their i-elu-

O^nc, 'Major Robert, letter of, to Govt.
Morris, informing him of Geneiyl Brad-
dock's defieat, 415.

^tts"D«.ve«.630;Biog»phical
notice of, 621.

INDEX.

l>antree, Williaro, 729.

Purdonne, coostmotion of the word, 278,
283.

I'assainaquoddy harbor, vessel captured
by Indians in, 436.

Patcotyeak, 438,

Peabody, Francis, 357.

i'enaens, Captain, 4.

I'titera, llichurd, letter of, to Governor
I)el.«ancj, anuouncing Gen. Braddock's
dtiiuat, 412.

Philipps, Uichard, Govenior, 20, 37, 45,
56, 58, 84, 85 ; letters of, to Board of
Tnule. Iti, 63, 61, 87, 102 ; Biographical
noticti ot, 17 ; letters to Secretary of
.State, 18, 31. 36, 40, 52, 55, 83, 86 ; let-
tora to and fi-um inimbitunts of Mina»,
&o., 21, 28, 30 ; letters, to ir>habitanU
(tfChignecto and Annapolis river, 22 ;
letter, to Futlier Durund, 23 ; to Gov-
ernor of Ca{>e Breton, 26, 38 ; to Board
of Ordnance, 58 ; to William Winniet,
59.

IMiiltpps, Krusmus, 671, 737 ; sent to Mi-
oas to tender oatli of allegiance tu

, French inhabitants, 68, 107.

Phiiia, Spencer, Lieut.-Govemor of Mas-
sachusetts, 182 ; Biographical notice of,
183 i iCttei-s, to Governor Loiwrcnce,
293, 301,302,409,411.419.

I'ichon, Thomas, (tee Tyrell,) 220.

l*islquid, (Windsor,) Govr. Armstrong's
letter to deputies of, 90 ; Govr. MaH:a-
rune'a letter to deputies of, 137 ; fort at,
403 ; troops to be sent to, 442 : Swiss
sent to, 632.

Pkicentia, in Newfoundland, 29, 38, 51.

I'oint Pleasant, Halifax, batteries to bo
erected at, 703, 704.

l*oit Koyul, terms of capitulation of, 12,
158, 263.

Pownall, Thomas, Governor of Massa-
chusetts, letters of, to Governor Law-
it^itce, 304, 440, 411, 481, 482, 483 ; Bio-
graphical notice of, 304.

Powncll, John, 496.

I'reble, Mnjor, 299 ; instractions to re-
move Acadian French from Cape Sable,
300 ; wounded at Beaustjour, 408.

Preseott, Jouatlmn, 654.

i'ricsts, Felix and Vincent, 16 ; the priest
at Annapolis river visits Governor at
the head of one hundred and fifty young
men, 31 ; absents himself to avoid at-
tending before the Council, 32 ; assem-
ble ut Mtnas, 36 ; their influence at Cnj)e
Breton, 50 ; intimidate Acadiaus with
lalsc statements, 36 ; their power over
the inhabitants, 68 ; conduct of, 64, 99,

101, 103, 106, llo, 118, 198 ; act judi-
cially, 111 ; government regulations
relative to, 124 ; Desenclaves, Chcv-
reuU, and Gerard ordered to Halifax,
170 ; sufficient number to be allowed to
the inhabitants, 202 ; right of France
to send missionaries, denied, 370, See,
alio, Acadian French.

Prisoners taken by French at XiOaisburg,
released, 362, 373, 376.

Pi-oclamations, 665, 571, 622, 629,640 ; to
Acadian Fi-encli, 22, 165, 171, 177 :
against exporting corn, 219 ; offering
tea guineas for an Indian scalp, 582 ;
of treaty of peace with Micmaos, 6fc5 ;
for fonning a militia, 693.

Products of Acadia. 40.

Provincial troops, 269, 297, 420, 442« 445,
446, 449, 463, 464, 466, 466, 474, 475,
477, 479, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485, 490.

Quebec, Bishop of, 126, 370 ; letter to.
from Governor Armstrong, 99 ; letter
to Governor Moscjii'ene, 121 ; letter to
M. le Loutre, 240.

Quebec, expedition against, 441, 442, 449 ;
Gibson's account ef the scige of, 462 :
lower town burnt, 459 ; battle of the
windmill, 460 ; fall of, 462, 463 ; death
of Montcalm and Wolf, ibid ; number
killed and wounded, ibid; anuy to re
«ain all w^inter at, 463 ; new defences
%, *"0 ; £20,000 stmt to the garrison,
471 ; "Mfoi-ccmenta sent to. 480.

Qnccn AnUv, '•■tier of, 12, 16, 29.

I ^-

Kamesay, M. de, 668 ; Biographical notice
of, ibid.

Itangers, Gorham's, 564, 642, 680.

Koad from Annnpolis river to Minos, for-
bid to be cut, 29, 33.

Hobtshau, Francis Bclli^lo, letter from
Governor Mascarcnc to 136.

Uochctte, Monsieur de la, French agent,
339, 342.

Roaewav, Port, 49, 57.

Kons, Capt. John, 194, 562, 578 ; Bio-
graphical notice of, 226 ; informs Gov-
ernment of retreat of French from St,
John's river, 258 ; ordered to procewi
to St. John's river, 37 1 : at Quebec, 459 ;
takes possession of a French schooner,
and makes tlie French strike tht%' colore.

on St. John river, 576, 578.

754

INDES.

SactviUe, Fort, at head of Chebooto Ba-
sin,-102, 438.

Saint John's btand, 10, 19, 54.

Saint John, Ne«foandland fort at 4^

Saint John's Kiver, 98, ^l^.S^.iM, in,
372, 374, 37(i, 385, 398, 421, 434, 437,
W 468, 562 ; French settlement iit,
(1732 ) 95 ; French retire trom fort,
m ; tad conduct of Cananian i reneh
356 ; enci-oachment ol F'cnd'. 568 ,
Capt. Rous' aftair at, 576, 578.
Saint Foncy, M. de, 99, 130, 107, 118.

SafC^r1ohn''T^:-562;BiograpUc«l

sXf Mlifchy, member of Assembly,

737 • Biographical notice oi,tbid.
Sa»ie;«.n?Kobert, first Speaker of As-

Saunt^: Admi..l, letter of, to Governor

Whitmoi-e, 403.
Saul, Thomas, Councillor, 3W. *"•
savage, Arthnr, CouncUlor, 20, 21, 24, 29.
aawmills, Dartmouth, 402, 608, bl7.
|^,"ca'ptain, 390,427, 43!S-; letter ii-om

'Ihos. Pichon to, 229.

Lawrence, 278, 383 ; to Governor Wil-

mot, 338, 342, 347 ; to Governor »ranck-

Un,- 352 ; to Governor S^h'^-T. •*»-

SetUetnents in Acadia m 1720, W.

Settlere at Hahtax, hst ot, 506 , more!

aMve 585, 618, 620 ; Germans arnvej

enTswis^ arrive, 644 : list of lam.lie^

of 650 ; foreign sctUers discontentedj

677 ; obliged to pay their pa^go bj,

bibor 679 ; contention among, 681.

Shiri^y WiUiam, Governor of Massaehi|j

''^^V-Ply to 'address of Asso.nUv ci

Massachusetts, i-esi^cting AcaduiJ

French sent there, 2?5 ; letter of ti

count dc la G'to'"»>"'--'':;^*®'l;,r'389
to Governor Ijiwrence, 380>.3V'„S
393, 421, 428, 4.37 ; Biographical notic
of, 380 ; lettci-s, to Secretary of Statf ,

SliornB, WiUiam, Councillor, 20, 21, 2f

29,57,66 _
Shubenacadie nvcr, 18J.
Skene, William, Councillor, 20, 21, 24, 2 )..

57 ; notice of, 76.
Slocomb, Capt. Simon, 737.
Smart, Capt., 48, 49.
Sonbras. M„ 4. . A,

Soutlmck, Cyprian, Councillor,^ 20, - 1,

24, 29.
Snry, Commander, 439.
Stole, William, CounoiUor, 170 ; not ce

of, 562, 572.
Stobo, Captain, at Quebec, 450.

Suckling, George, 729.
Sutherland, Colonel, commanding at Lu-
nenburg, 214.

■P.

Tatamngouche, 434.

Tlirump Cup, signal station at, Wi.

Ticonderoga, taken, 451.

Tonge, Capt., 328, 354.

Tonge, WinkwoiUi, 737.

Tonce, Ensign, 408. „ _. r

Tow^niiiend, Lord, letter of to Board of

Trade, enclosing letter Horn De Pon-

chartraine i-especting the removal of

Acadians (1714), 5.

Townshand, Chaunoey, contracts ot, bit,

TowLhips, 718 ; number of repreaenta-
tives for, 718, 727 ; boundanes of, 719,
727 ; approval of plan ot, Tlo.

Trade of Acadia, with Cai« Breton, 48 ,
with tlie enemy, 160. . , „ ^

Trade, Ulicit, of Colonies with French,

Trade'rsuptheBay, charged «ith liti-
gating inhabitants to opiKwc the autho-
rities at Annapolis, 79. . .

Ti^Tof Peace between Great Bntam
^d France, 368 ; of Utrecht, ,ee

xSwith Indians, 574, 673, 633, 699
S J., Bishop of Quebec, letter of, to
Titoverlior Miiearene, 121 ; Governor
Mascarene's answer, 122.

lVTCii*Vomas Signia. (alias Pichon),
229, 233, 238, 240 ; Biographical noticw
of, 229.

Utrecht, Treaty of 14th article of, 4 12 ;
12th article of, 14 ; note ol, 264, 280.

Vaudrcuil, Mons., 469, 471. ,

VemoTM- Duchkrobon de, Biographioil

nm"^ of, 230 i commandant at Beause-

VeZ Bay of, 48, 199; fort Gaspereaux

Veteh "Governor, 10, 12; letter of, to
^Os of Trade on the state of Acadia
in 1714, 5.

INDEX.

755

Vieur, Logis, fort at, instructions to offi-
cer in command of, 197.

Vincent, Pen!, (Priest,) 10. See, alto,
Acadian French.

Vivier, M. du, (see du Vivier.)

Walters, Col., 11, note.

Washington, George, 415.

Westmoreland, Earl of, 58.

Whiting, Col., 11, note.

Whitinore, BrigadierGenl., 444, 462, 463,
472, 478 ; letters, to Govr. Lawrence,
461, 462, 485.

Wilmot, Governor, 342, 347 : letters of, to
I^ords of Trade, 340 ; to Lord Halifax,
;i41, 343, 349, 350 ; to Capt. Williams,
352 ; Biognii>hical notice of, 340.

Winniett, William, 74 ; letter from Govr.
Philipps to, 59 ; member of Council, 97.

Winslow, CoL John, of Marshfield, 396,
398, 437, 439, 702, 703, 704, 705 ; in-
structions to, for removal of Acadian
French, 271 ; Biographical notice of,
ibid.

Wolf, General, 442, 447, 448, 449, 459 ;
extract from orders of, 460.

Wroth, Ensign Robert, reprimanded by
Gpvcnior and Council for his conduct
in administering a qualified oath of al-
legiance to French inliabitants, 78 ; dif-
ficulty with Acadian French on account
of the oath administered by, 203.

Zouberbuliler, Sebastian, 692, 737.

ERRATA.

Page 66, for Joseph Doucctte, read John Doucettc.

" 140, for Gov. Mascarene to Gov. Shirley, reod Gov. Mascarerm to -

" 175, in note, for Ccadia, read Acadia.

" 182, in note, for in Chebucto, read at Chebncto.

" 537, for Rochampton, read Roehampton. .

" 538, for ship Beaufort, at the top of page, read Roehampton.

" 538, for Lockman, rcorf Lochman. j j

" 543, for Lauceston, reod Launceston.

" 552, add (e) after the name William Negbett.

" 627, in note, for of the country, read up the country.

" 658, for Wemnam, read Wenman.

" 659, for Lockman, read Lochman. ' ^

" 664, note, captain in the army, an error.

" 700, for Acadia shall, in 11th line, read Acadia as shall,

" 700, for his max, read his mark,

" for Wonman, read Wenman.

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